CN104545872A - Method and device for reconstructing three-dimensional micro blood flow distribution on basis of linearly dependent coefficients - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for reconstructing three-dimensional micro blood flow distribution on the basis of linearly dependent coefficients. The method comprises the steps of, firstly, according to a system horizontal resolution ratio, determining A-scanning sampling frequency in a fast scanning direction, enabling the average distance between every two times of A scanning to be smaller than the horizontal resolution ratio, and driving a scanning galvanometer through stairstep signals in a slow scanning direction, wherein the pace voltage of the stairstep signals is a corresponding voltage when scanning beams move at a distance of the horizontal resolution ratio; secondly, performing DC (direct current) removal treatment and Fourier transform on interference signals received by a detector; lastly, extracting the real-step signals of two continuous times of B scanning at the same position in the slow scanning direction, and then by means of a method of computing the linearly dependent coefficients in local windows, reconstructing the three-dimensional micro blood flow distribution. The method for reconstructing the living three-dimensional micro blood flow distribution through the linearly dependent coefficients has the advantage of being high in sensitivity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of micro blood flow imaging in living tissues, in particular to a method and a device for reconstructing three-dimensional micro blood flow distribution based on linear correlation coefficients.
Background
The nutrients and oxygen required by human tissues and organs are transported through blood circulation, and the exchange of nutrients and oxygen is performed in capillary vessels, and the micro blood flow is associated with key indexes of human body temperature and blood pressure, so that the imaging of the micro blood vessels can help to diagnose tissue diseases, such as cancer, glaucoma and the like.
Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is a diagnostic technique using low Coherence light interference imaging proposed in the last 90 th century. The technology has the advantages of high resolution, no damage, capability of real-time imaging and the like. Among them, the frequency Domain Coherence Tomography (FDOCT) has the advantages of high sensitivity, low noise, and fast imaging speed, so FDOCT becomes one of the main research directions. Over twenty years of development, many functional OCT techniques based on FDOCT systems have been proposed. Among them, the method for imaging the blood flow velocity of a human body has phase-resolved doppler oct (prodt), which is a method capable of not only imaging blood vessels in tissues, but also accurately calculating the blood flow velocity value from phase information between two successive a-scans. Power spectral doppler OCT and optical angiography (OMAG) are two additional methods based on the doppler effect that can extract blood flow signals from tissue signals, where power spectral doppler OCT extracts blood flow dynamic signals by analyzing the total backscattered light power spectrum caused by moving particles. While OMAG directly analyzes and processes a frame of image to extract the blood flow signal, this reduces the phase instability noise caused by the system and the sample. Two methods for extracting three-dimensional blood flow imaging based on statistical variance are the Speckle Variance (SVOCT) and Phase Variance (PVOCT) methods. The SVOCT method reconstructs blood flow images by calculating the line-to-line or frame-to-frame variance in the OCT sample intensity signal. The PVOCT method, which has been successfully applied in ophthalmology and which can image blood flow signals in all directions, reconstructs blood flow images by calculating phase differences between consecutive B-scans at the same lateral position. There is also a correlation imaging method (cmOCT) that extracts a blood flow signal using correlation coefficients of sub-windows in a structural signal of two consecutive B-scans.
In the prior art, since the PRODT images the blood flow according to the doppler effect of the moving particles, the method cannot measure the velocity of the moving particles with the moving direction perpendicular to the beam direction. The power spectral doppler OCT method is imaged by analyzing the spectral distribution, and thus is not sufficiently sensitive to small blood flow signals. In the OMAG method, some phase compensation methods are required to compensate for motion artifacts, which increases the complexity of the system and requires a large amount of time for subsequent signal processing. The flow image reconstructed by the SVOCT method can be affected by blood vessel shadow and sample jitter. The PVOCT method requires B-scan signals to be acquired multiple times at the same lateral position, so the imaging speed limits the clinical application of the method. In the cmOCT method, the signal-to-noise ratio is proportional to the size of the correlation window, but increasing the correlation window blurs the small blood vessel image.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method and a device for reconstructing three-dimensional micro blood flow distribution based on linear correlation coefficient, which can extract and reconstruct three-dimensional micro blood flow distribution with high sensitivity, and can realize rapid capillary vessel imaging.
The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: a method for reconstructing three-dimensional micro blood flow distribution based on linear correlation coefficient sets an X-scanning galvanometer and a Y-scanning galvanometer in a frequency domain optical coherence tomography system, wherein the X-scanning galvanometer is in a fast scanning direction, the Y-scanning galvanometer is in a slow scanning direction, and the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, determining the sampling frequency of A-scan in the fast scan direction according to the transverse resolution of a frequency domain optical coherence tomography system, so that the transverse resolution is 2.5-3.5 times of the average distance between two continuous A-scans;
step 2, making the driving signal of the Y scanning galvanometer be a step signal, wherein the holding time of each amplitude is the time for completing two B scans, and the step voltage of the step signal is the corresponding voltage when the scanning beam moves the distance with the size of the transverse resolution;
step 3, setting an external trigger signal of a CCD in the frequency domain optical coherence tomography system, synchronizing the trigger signal with the moment of an X-ray scanning galvanometer at an initial position, transmitting a signal acquired by the CCD into a signal processing system, and calculating the direct current component of an interference spectrum in each B-scanning signal by an averaging method;
and 4, subtracting the direct current component from the A-scan signal every time, then obtaining a compound analysis signal of the sample through Fourier transform, then extracting real part signals of two continuous B-scans at the same position in the slow-scan direction, and reconstructing three-dimensional micro blood flow distribution through a method of calculating linear correlation coefficients in a local window.
A device for reconstructing three-dimensional micro blood flow distribution based on linear correlation coefficients comprises a laser light source, an optical fiber coupler, a first collimating lens, a dispersion compensation prism, a first converging lens, a plane reflector, a second collimating lens, an X scanning galvanometer, a Y scanning galvanometer, a second converging lens, a measured tissue, a third collimating lens, a grating, a Fourier lens, a CCD and a signal processing system;
the laser device comprises a laser light source, a dispersion compensation prism, a first converging lens, a plane reflector and a second converging lens, wherein light emitted by the laser light source is divided into two beams after passing through an optical fiber coupler, one beam is reference light, and the reference light passes through the dispersion compensation prism after being collimated by the first collimating lens and then is converged on the plane reflector by the first converging lens; the other beam is sample light, the sample light is reflected by an X scanning galvanometer and a Y scanning galvanometer after passing through a second collimating lens and then converged to a tested tissue by a second converging lens, backscattered light returns to the optical fiber coupler along an original optical path, reference light and the sample light interfere in the optical fiber coupler, interference light forms collimated light after passing through a third collimating lens, the collimated light is diffracted and split by a grating and then passes through a Fourier lens to be converged on a CCD, and interference spectrum signals collected by the CCD are used for reconstructing three-dimensional micro blood flow distribution in the tissue by a signal processing system.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages: (1) the invention greatly improves the sensitivity of extracting dynamic signals and can image the blood flow in the capillary; (2) the method does not need oversampling in the Y direction, thereby improving the imaging speed; (3) because the phase has higher sensitivity to the displacement of the moving particles, the blood flow signal can be extracted by a smaller correlation window, thereby reducing the calculation amount and the calculation time of a computer.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for reconstructing three-dimensional micro blood flow distribution based on linear correlation coefficient according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
Before the technical scheme of the invention is introduced, the concept of the invention is analyzed as follows:
referring to fig. 1, the complex analysis signal obtained by fourier transforming the interference signal received by CCD 15 can be represented as
Wherein x, y, z represent a Cartesian coordinate system, the x-axis represents a fast-scan direction, the y-axis represents a slow-scan direction, the z-axis represents a depth direction, A (x, y, z) represents an intensity signal of the sample,representing the initial phase signal determined by the sample structure. At the same position in the slow-scan direction, the system acquires two consecutive B-scan signals, of which the intensity signal A (x, y, z) and the phase signal are the signals for the static tissue signalThere is no change, but the intensity signal and the phase signal between the two B-scan signals are all changed for dynamic blood flow signals. Wherein for the axial velocity component, the motion of the particles introduces a phase difference due to the doppler response; since the sensitivity of the phase to particle displacement in the interference signal is much smaller than the center wavelength of the light source, while the diameter of the red blood cell is around 10 microns, the lateral movement of the red blood cell also causes a phase change in the complex analytical signal, and this change is random. Equation 1 is further expressed as:
where n denotes the refractive index of the sample, k denotes the wave number, z denotes the change in axial displacement introduced by the red blood cell during lateral movement, v (x, y, z) denotes the velocity of movement of the red blood cell, θ denotes the angle between the direction of movement of the red blood cell and the probe beam, and t denotes time. The complex analysis signal is analyzed according to the static tissue signal and the blood flow dynamic signalThe dynamic signal can be extracted from the signals of two B-scans at the same position in the slow-scan direction by calculating the linear correlation coefficient of the local window, and the calculation method is expressed as:
wherein M and N respectively represent the horizontal and vertical sizes of the related window, p and q respectively represent the pixel number in the window,represents the average value of the internal signals in the window, and real (·) represents the real part of the complex analysis signal. After the correlation window is translated in the xz section, a correlation image can be obtained, wherein the range of the correlation coefficient is 0 to +/-1, and the correlation coefficient respectively represents weak correlation (dynamic blood flow signals) and strong correlation (static tissue signals).
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description.
With reference to fig. 1, the apparatus for reconstructing three-dimensional micro blood flow distribution based on linear correlation coefficient of the present invention includes a laser light source 1, an optical fiber coupler 2, a first collimating lens 3, a dispersion compensating prism 4, a first converging lens 5, a plane mirror 6, a second collimating lens 7, an X scanning galvanometer 8, a Y scanning galvanometer 9, a second converging lens 10, a measured tissue 11, a third collimating lens 12, a grating 13, a fourier lens 14, a CCD 15, and a signal processing system 16;
the light emitted by the laser light source 1 is divided into two beams after passing through the optical fiber coupler 2, one beam is reference light, and the reference light is collimated by the first collimating lens 3, passes through the dispersion compensation prism 4 and is converged on the plane reflector 6 by the first converging lens 5; the other beam is sample light, the sample light is reflected by an X scanning galvanometer 8 and a Y scanning galvanometer 9 after passing through a second collimating lens 7, and then is converged on a tested tissue 11 by a second converging lens 10, the backscattered light returns to the optical fiber coupler 2 along the original optical path, the reference light and the sample light interfere in the optical fiber coupler 2, the interference light forms collimated light after passing through a third collimating lens 12, the collimated light is diffracted and split by a grating 13 and then passes through a Fourier lens 14 to be converged on a CCD 15, and interference spectrum signals collected by the CCD 15 are used for reconstructing three-dimensional micro blood flow distribution in the tissue by a signal processing system 16. The distance between the two light spots of the sample light on the X-scanning galvanometer 8 and the Y-scanning galvanometer 9 is smaller than 1/10 of the focal length of the second converging lens 10, and the midpoint of the two light spots should be placed at the focal point of the second converging lens 10.
The invention relates to a method for reconstructing three-dimensional micro blood flow distribution based on linear correlation coefficients, which is characterized in that an X scanning galvanometer and a Y scanning galvanometer are arranged in a frequency domain optical coherence tomography system, wherein the X scanning galvanometer is in a fast scanning direction, the Y scanning galvanometer is in a slow scanning direction, and the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, determining the sampling frequency of A-scan in the fast scan direction according to the transverse resolution of a frequency domain optical coherence tomography system, so that the transverse resolution is 2.5-3.5 times of the average distance between two continuous A-scans;
step 2, making the driving signal of the Y scanning galvanometer be a step signal, wherein the holding time of each amplitude is the time for completing two B scans, and the step voltage of the step signal is the corresponding voltage when the scanning beam moves the distance with the size of the transverse resolution;
step 3, setting an external trigger signal of a CCD in the frequency domain optical coherence tomography system, synchronizing the trigger signal with the moment of an X-ray scanning galvanometer at an initial position, transmitting a signal acquired by the CCD into a signal processing system, and calculating the direct current component of an interference spectrum in each B-scanning signal by an averaging method;
and 4, subtracting the direct current component from the A-scan signal every time, then obtaining a re-analysis signal of the sample through Fourier transform, as shown in a formula (2), then extracting real part signals of two continuous B-scans at the same position in the slow-scan direction, and reconstructing three-dimensional micro blood flow distribution through a method for calculating linear correlation coefficients in a local window, wherein the calculation method is as shown in a formula (3).
The invention utilizes the influence of blood flow signals on the amplitude and the phase in the complex analysis signals in the living tissue blood flow imaging device and the method, and extracts the blood flow signals by a related method; the method has the advantage of high sensitivity, and can rapidly image the micro blood flow.
Claims (4)
1. A method for reconstructing three-dimensional micro blood flow distribution based on linear correlation coefficient is characterized in that an X scanning galvanometer and a Y scanning galvanometer are arranged in a frequency domain optical coherence tomography system, wherein the X scanning galvanometer is in a fast scanning direction, the Y scanning galvanometer is in a slow scanning direction, and the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, determining the sampling frequency of A-scan in the fast scan direction according to the transverse resolution of a frequency domain optical coherence tomography system, so that the transverse resolution is 2.5-3.5 times of the average distance between two continuous A-scans;
step 2, making the driving signal of the Y scanning galvanometer be a step signal, wherein the holding time of each amplitude is the time for completing two B scans, and the step voltage of the step signal is the corresponding voltage when the scanning beam moves the distance with the size of the transverse resolution;
step 3, setting an external trigger signal of a CCD in the frequency domain optical coherence tomography system, synchronizing the trigger signal with the moment of an X-ray scanning galvanometer at an initial position, transmitting a signal acquired by the CCD into a signal processing system, and calculating the direct current component of an interference spectrum in each B-scanning signal by an averaging method;
and 4, subtracting the direct current component from the A-scan signal every time, then obtaining a compound analysis signal of the sample through Fourier transform, then extracting real part signals of two continuous B-scans at the same position in the slow-scan direction, and reconstructing three-dimensional micro blood flow distribution through a method of calculating linear correlation coefficients in a local window.
2. The method for reconstructing three-dimensional micro blood flow distribution based on linear correlation coefficient as claimed in claim 1, wherein step 4 is to subtract the direct current component from the signal of each a-scan, obtain the complex analytic signal of the sample by fourier transform, extract the real part signals of two consecutive B-scans at the same position in the slow-scan direction, and reconstruct the three-dimensional micro blood flow distribution by calculating the linear correlation coefficient in the local window, wherein the complex analytic signal of the sample obtained by fourier transform is represented as
Wherein x, y, z represents a cartesian coordinate system, x axis represents a fast-scanning direction, y axis represents a slow-scanning direction, z axis represents a depth direction, a (x, y, z) represents an intensity signal of a sample, n represents a refractive index of the sample, k represents a wave number, z represents a change in axial displacement introduced by a red blood cell during lateral movement, v (x, y, z) represents a moving speed of the red blood cell, θ represents an angle between the moving direction of the red blood cell and a probe beam, and t represents time;
the method for calculating the linear correlation coefficient in the local window is expressed as
Wherein,r(x, y, z) is a complex analytical signalM and N denote the horizontal and vertical dimensions of the associated window, respectively, p and q denote the number of pixels in the window, respectively,representing the average value of the internal part signal of the window.
3. An apparatus for reconstructing three-dimensional micro blood flow distribution based on linear correlation coefficients, comprising: the device comprises a laser light source (1), an optical fiber coupler (2), a first collimating lens (3), a dispersion compensation prism (4), a first converging lens (5), a plane mirror (6), a second collimating lens (7), an X scanning galvanometer (8), a Y scanning galvanometer (9), a second converging lens (10), a tested tissue (11), a third collimating lens (12), a grating (13), a Fourier lens (14), a CCD (15) and a signal processing system (16);
light emitted by the laser light source (1) is divided into two beams after passing through the optical fiber coupler (2), one beam is reference light, and the reference light is collimated by the first collimating lens (3), passes through the dispersion compensation prism (4) and is converged onto the plane reflector (6) by the first converging lens (5); the other beam is sample light, the sample light is reflected by an X scanning galvanometer (8) and a Y scanning galvanometer (9) after passing through a second collimating lens (7), and then is converged on a tested tissue (11) by a second converging lens (10), backward scattered light returns to the optical fiber coupler (2) along an original optical path, reference light and the sample light interfere in the optical fiber coupler (2), interference light forms collimated light after passing through a third collimating lens (12), the collimated light is diffracted and split by a grating (13) and then is converged on a CCD (15) through a Fourier lens (14), and interference spectrum signals collected by the CCD (15) are used for reconstructing three-dimensional micro blood flow distribution in the tissue by a signal processing system (16).
4. The apparatus for reconstructing three-dimensional blood flow distribution based on linear correlation coefficient according to claim 3, wherein the distance between the two light spots of the sample light on the X-scanning galvanometer (8) and the Y-scanning galvanometer (9) is smaller than 1/10 of the focal length of the second converging lens (10), and the middle point of the two light spots should be placed at the focal point of the second converging lens (10).
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