CN104545817A - Sensor for detecting conditions of ions of sweat of sweat glands in non-intervention manner - Google Patents
Sensor for detecting conditions of ions of sweat of sweat glands in non-intervention manner Download PDFInfo
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- 210000000106 sweat gland Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 210000004243 sweat Anatomy 0.000 title abstract 4
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical group [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 114
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 57
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical group [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 55
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen atom Chemical compound [H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 9
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000001166 anti-perspirative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000003213 antiperspirant Substances 0.000 description 7
- 210000003491 skin Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 210000000467 autonomic pathway Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 6
- 210000000804 eccrine gland Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 210000003141 lower extremity Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 210000001364 upper extremity Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 210000002615 epidermis Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007517 polishing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000005036 nerve Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000001953 sensory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000028389 Nerve injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010033307 Overweight Diseases 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000001124 body fluid Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000010839 body fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000840 electrochemical analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000003414 extremity Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000001061 forehead Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- BTCSSZJGUNDROE-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-aminobutyric acid Chemical compound NCCCC(O)=O BTCSSZJGUNDROE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003902 lesion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008764 nerve damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000004126 nerve fiber Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 235000020825 overweight Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000008447 perception Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000011514 reflex Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003248 secreting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000028327 secretion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000002889 sympathetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- OGNSCSPNOLGXSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-DABA Natural products NCCC(N)C(O)=O OGNSCSPNOLGXSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010002091 Anaesthesia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010003840 Autonomic nervous system imbalance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010062745 Chloride Channels Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000011045 Chloride Channels Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 208000032131 Diabetic Neuropathies Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010012645 Diabetic autonomic neuropathy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000012661 Dyskinesia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000005526 G1 to G0 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010040026 Sensory disturbance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010048222 Xerosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000037005 anaesthesia Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000000040 apocrine gland Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002567 autonomic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003050 axon Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000036760 body temperature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001713 cholinergic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000019479 dysautonomia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000013399 early diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000835 electrochemical detection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000011389 fruit/vegetable juice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960003692 gamma aminobutyric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000003862 health status Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000019622 heart disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron Chemical compound [H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 206010025482 malaise Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000007830 nerve conduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002569 neuron Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 208000018290 primary dysautonomia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012113 quantitative test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000430 skin reaction Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/44—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the integumentary system, e.g. skin, hair or nails
- A61B5/441—Skin evaluation, e.g. for skin disorder diagnosis
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Dermatology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Measuring And Recording Apparatus For Diagnosis (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a sensor for detecting conditions of ions of sweat of sweat glands in a non-intervention manner. The sensor has the advantages that change of the conditions of the ions of the sweat of the sweat glands of the skins of human bodies can be easily and quickly detected in a noninvasive manner; the sensor comprises an active electrode pair and an inert electrode pair, the active electrode pair is used for testing electrochemical reaction conditions of the ions of the sweat of the sweat glands under the condition of external specific given direct-current voltages, and the inert electrode pair is used for correction under the conditions of external specific given direct-current voltages; the effective test areas of active electrodes and inert electrodes are not smaller than 0.1cm<2>, and the areas of the active electrodes and the inert electrodes are in multiple relation with one another; a mirror surface is arranged on a test position contact surface of each electrode, required mirror surface roughness values Ra are smaller than 0.006 micrometer, and values Rz are smaller than 0.01 micrometer.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to biochemical sensor field, relate to a kind of sensor of non-intervention detection sweat gland perspiration ion situation particularly.
Background technology
Autonomic nerve is an indispensable ingredient of intact nervous, and its fiber be distributed on skin distributes identical with sensory fiber, and anesthesia district is consistent with lossless district.The autonomic nerve fibers of domination sweat gland is mainly cholinergic nerve fibers.Xerosis cutis after nerve fiber damage in sensory deprivation district is lossless, along with the regeneration of nerve, perspires and increases gradually.Therefore check and secrete antiperspirant function, the degree of nerve injury and regeneration can be judged.
Mainly comprise about the inspection of secreting antiperspirant function in clinical at present and secrete the quantitative test of antiperspirant axon reflex, antiperspirant print test, temperature control perspire test etc., but mostly not easily to implement due to more complicated, method complex operation, apparatus expensive; Or affect by surrounding, temperature, be difficult to objective quantitative, and be not suitable for clinical research.Chinese patent (application number is 201120399122.4) a kind of sweat gland activity sensor and psychological tester; comprise power subsystem, protective resistance unit, parallel plate capacitor unit and voltage signal output unit; for carrying detection site between the two-plate of parallel plate capacitor unit, voltage signal output unit is used for according to parallel plate capacitor electric power output voltage signal.
Sympathetic nerve galvanic skin response (SSR) is that human body accepts to stimulate the rear skin reflex current potential occurred, it derives from the synchronous movement that sweat gland is brought out in sympathetic activities fiber release impulsion, belongs to and urges antiperspirant to move.Clinical discovery a lot of diabetics lower limb SSR abnormal rate is higher than upper limb, and the feature of Diabetic autonomic neuropathy is onset concealment, makes slow progress, the symptom of lower limb overweights upper limb, and occur prior to upper limb, sensory disturbance overweights the dyskinesia, and the abnormal rate of lower limb nerve conduction velocity is higher than upper limb.Autonomic nerve functional lesion may be similar to the feature that sensory nerve damages, or because lower limb conducting pathway is long, easily decay is relevant.SSR and the course of disease of diabetics are proportionate, and namely disease time is longer, and the sickness rate being associated with dysautonomia is also higher, and SSR is abnormal also more obvious.So SSR is a kind of method of quantitative check autonomic nervous function of sensitivity, be comparatively responsive atraumatic means to early diagnosis diabetics autonomic nerve functional lesion.But its state by environment and experimenter affects very large, reduces the degree of reliability of test result.
Therefore need to provide a kind of simple, hurtless measure and technological means and the equipment of the perspiration wicking problem of sweat gland can be detected fast.
Sweat gland spreads all over whole skin, and sweat gland secretion perspiration, is excreted to skin surface through conduit part, and energy moistening skin, discharge section water and ion, contribute to regulate body temperature and water salt balance.Sweat gland is divided into again apocrine gland and eccrine gland, and the distributed pole of eccrine gland is wide, and throughout whole body everywhere, sum about has 160 ~ 4,000,000 altogether, and different ethnic group and individual variation are very large.Eccrine gland have activeness sweat gland and inactivity sweat gland point, secretory activity is bullied the impact of gentle humidity, and juice is based on moisture.The secretion density of eccrine gland is different because of position, palm, and sole density is maximum, and be secondly forehead, the back of the hand, be extremity again, trunk is minimum.
Perspiration can be divided into inorganic constituents and organic principle two class, and inorganic constituents is the salt such as sodium chloride, calcium carbonate mainly.Maintain the salt balance in body and electric equilibrium, also have nerve impulse.In perspiration, calcium ion concentration is about 2.25 ~ 2.58mmol/l, and potassium concentration is about 3.5 ~ 5.5 mmol/l, and Na ion concentration is about 135 ~ 145mmol/l, and chlorine ion concentration is about 95 ~ 105mmol/l.
Chloride ion plays various physiological role.Have chloride channel in many cells, its primary responsibility controls transmembrane potential and the cell volume of stationary phase cells; In membranous system, the chloride ion in special neuron can regulate and control the effect of glycine and γ-aminobutyric acid, and chloride ion is also relevant with the acid-base balance maintained in blood.Chloride ion in body fluid and hydrogen ion concentration can not change because of the growth at age.Usually, people is the basic held stationary of body fluid chloride concentration after 20 years old, thus detects when can ensure Electrochemical Detection perspiration ion situation not by the restriction at age.
By electro-chemical test sweat gland perspiration ion situation, being the electrochemical appliance by being applied to epidermis, under specific voltage, producing electrochemical reaction.Apply a voltage being placed in the electrochemical appliance in epidermis, cation is adsorbed to negative electrode, anion is adsorbed to anode.
Under low dc voltage, fat deposit has very high electric capacity, and the ion in usual perspiration can not through organizing horny layer.Ion in perspiration is in this electric field, and the approach of unique movement is exactly the antiperspirant pipe of sweat gland, and thus when electro-chemical test perspiration ion, test result can not change with the change of external environment, thus can ensure feasibility and the concordance of detection.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of sensor of non-intervention detection sweat gland perspiration ion situation, use reverse ion method and electrochemical process principle, under applying specific voltage (0.5 ~ 12V) condition, accurately react physiological situation or health status by test perspiration chloride ion or hydrion situation.
For achieving the above object, solution of the present invention invents a kind of sensor of non-intervention detection sweat gland perspiration ion situation, specific as follows:
A first aspect of the present invention provides a kind of sensor being used for detection of skin sweat gland ion changed condition, comprise the electrochemical reaction situation active electrode pair being used for for a pair testing sweat gland perspiration ion, and be used for carrying out the electrochemical signals tested out active electrode the inert electrode pair of self-correcting for a pair, active electrode to inert electrode to being receive in parallel in outside measuring circuit.The anode of sensor is made up of an active electrode of homonymy and an inert electrode, and negative electrode is made up of an active electrode of opposite side and another one inert electrode.Sensor outside apply specific voltage condition under, active electrode can produce electrochemical reaction with the chloride ion in sweat gland perspiration or hydrion, and inert electrode can not produce electrochemical reaction with any ion of sweat gland perspiration.The signal of the active electrode perception of sensor is the mixed signal of the multi-signal comprising electrochemical reaction signal, the impact of the state of this signal tested person person self; For eliminating the effects of the act, inert electrode signal is adopted to carry out self-correcting to it.
Preferably, sensor rest is the position of experimenter's eccrine gland prosperity, and as the epidermis at the positions such as back, forehead, extremity, more preferably position is lower limb sole or upper limb palm.
Preferably, active electrode is nickel electrode or silver/silver chloride electrode etc., more preferably nickel electrode, is used for perception electrochemical reaction.
Preferably, inert electrode is copper electrode or Ti electrode etc., is more preferably intended for self-correcting electrode.
A second aspect of the present invention provides a kind of preparation method of the sensor being used for detection of skin sweat gland ion changed condition, comprises the preparation method controlling preparation method and inert electrode of active electrode.
Preferably, the processing method of nickel electrode and copper electrode can be the one of electrochemical polish, grinding and polishing, magnetic variation fluid polishing.
Further, nickel electrode surface electrochemistry polishing flow process is: sonochemistry oil removing → washing → pickling → washing → electrochemical degreasing → washing → pickling → washing → electrochemical polish → washing → washing → washing → oven dry.The technological parameter of electrochemical polish is as following table 1.
Table 1 nickel electrode electrochemical polishing process parameter
| Raw material and operating condition | Processing range |
| Phosphoric acid | 65% |
| Sulphuric acid | 15% |
| Chromic anhydride | 6% |
| Water | 14% |
| Density | 1.74 |
| Voltage | 12-18/V |
| Cathode-current density | 30-40A/dm 2 |
| Temperature | Room temperature |
| Time | 0.3-2min |
| Cathode material | Stereotype |
After electrochemical polish processing, surface roughness reaches 0.003 micron.
Further, copper electrode surface electrochemistry glossing flow process is: oil removing → copper polishing → cleaning → distilled water or the anti-copper discoloration agent → distilled water of washed with de-ionized water → leaching RT or washed with de-ionized water → centrifugal drying or compressed air dry up or dry (temperature 70 ~ 90 DEG C).The technological parameter of electrochemical polish is as following table 2.
Table 2 electrode electro Chemical glossing parameter
| Raw material and operating condition | Processing range |
| Phosphoric acid | 800ml/L |
| Additive A | 100ml/L |
| Additive B | 100ml/L |
| Temperature | 10-30℃ |
| Anodic current density | 5-6A/dm 2 |
| Voltage | 6-12V |
| Time | 1-8min |
| Negative electrode | Rustless steel |
Further, nickel electrode surface grinding polishing process is corase grind, fine grinding, rough polishing, essence throwing.Lapping liquid is corundum lapping liquid, and milling time is respectively 40 minutes, 40 minutes, 30 minutes, 40 minutes.Carry out ultrasonic cleaning after grinding, dry, pack.
After above-mentioned grinding and polishing, nickel electrode surface roughness is 0.004 micron.
Further, copper electrode Surface Machining grinding and polishing operation is corase grind, fine grinding, rough polishing, essence throwing.Lapping liquid is corundum lapping liquid, and milling time is respectively 30 minutes, 20 minutes, 20 minutes, 40 minutes.Carry out ultrasonic cleaning after grinding, dry, pack.
The product of copper electrode after having to pass through the polishing of Passivation Treatment guarantee after polishing can not be oxidized.Passivation technology is as following table 3.
Table 3 copper electrode passivation technology parameter
| Raw material and operating condition | Processing range |
| Copper imitates colour-changing agent | 50ml/L |
| Water | 950ml/L |
| Temperature | Room temperature |
| Time | 1-2min |
Preferably, can not there be any residual material except the material of electrode own on the nickel electrode after processing and copper electrode surface.
Preferably, choose purity be more than 99.5% nickel be preparation nickel electrode raw material.
Further, nickel electrode raw material nickel fractions is hard state, and hardness HV is greater than 180; Surface roughness is less than 0.01 micron, and sheet material flatness is less than 0.05 micron, and thickness deviation size is less than 0.05 micron.
Preferably, choosing purity is that the copper of more than 99.5% is as the raw material preparing copper electrode.
Further, the form of copper electrode raw material copper is hard state, and hardness HV is greater than 180; Surface roughness is less than 0.01 micron, and sheet material flatness is less than 0.05 micron, and sheet metal thickness tolerance dimension is less than 0.05 micron.
Preferably, the shape of nickel electrode and copper electrode can be sheet (block) shape, also can be cylindric, or semi-cylindrical etc.
Preferably, the Validity Test area of nickel electrode and copper electrode is all not less than 0.1cm
2, nickel electrode is not in contact with each other mutually with copper electrode, and nickel electrode becomes multiple proportion with the area of copper electrode, more preferably, and area equation.
Preferably, become minute surface with the nickel/copper electrode Surface Machining of epidermis location contacts, minute surface roughness Ra value is less than 0.006 micron, and Rz value is less than 0.01 micron.
The present invention uses reverse ion method and electrochemical process principle, adopts inert electrode to carry out the self-correcting of active electrode signal, environmental disturbances signal can be eliminated, and thus, ion concentration range that is highly sensitive, test is wide, and result is accurate.Meanwhile, what the present invention tested is perspiration ion change in sweat gland antiperspirant pipe, and the change of this ion is because the impact of patient self function (as the change of autonomic nerve, heart disease etc.) causes, and is non-mutability.Thus this sensor can be used for the disease detection relevant to autonomic nerve, heart etc.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is sensor construction schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is embodiment one sensor anode (or negative electrode) generalized section;
Fig. 3 is embodiment two sensor electrode generalized section;
Fig. 4 is embodiment three sensor electrode horizontal section schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 is embodiment three sensor anode generalized section
After Fig. 6 is through electrochemical polish, 50 times of figure are amplified on nickel electrode surface
Fig. 7 is that 150 times of figure are amplified on nickel electrode surface after grinding and polishing
In figure, 1 is sensor anode, and 2 is sensor cathode, and 1a is anode nickel electrode, and 1b is anode copper electrode, and 2a is cathode nickel electrode, and 2b is tough cathode electrode, and 3 is insulating bars.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further illustrated.Explanation below adopts the mode exemplified, but protection scope of the present invention should not be limited to this.
Fig. 1 is following examples sensor construction schematic diagram: wherein 1 is anode, is made up of an active nickel electrode 1a and inertia copper electrode 1b; Wherein 2 is negative electrode, is made up of an active nickel electrode 2a and inertia copper electrode 2b.Wherein nickel electrode is connected with external measuring circuitry respectively by wire with copper electrode, and connected mode is parallel way.
Embodiment one:
Fig. 2 is the generalized section of the present embodiment sensor anode (or negative electrode).
The Validity Test area of nickel electrode and copper electrode is 200cm
2, shape is square, does not contact between nickel electrode with copper electrode.Nickel electrode surface roughness Ra value is 0.003 micron, Rz value 0.007 micron, and copper electrode surface roughness Ra value is 0.003 micron, Rz value 0.006 micron.
Embodiment two:
Fig. 3 is the present embodiment sensor electrode generalized section: wherein 1 is anode, is made up of an a semi-cylindrical active nickel electrode 1a and semi-cylindrical inertia copper electrode 1b; Wherein 2 is anode, is made up of an a semi-cylindrical active nickel electrode 2a and semi-cylindrical inertia copper electrode 2b; Wherein nickel electrode is connected with external measuring circuitry respectively by wire with copper electrode, and connected mode is parallel way.
The radius of nickel electrode and copper electrode is equal, is 20mm, and under the prerequisite ensureing effective test area, other radiuses also can be considered.Do not contact between nickel electrode with copper electrode.Nickel electrode surface roughness Ra value is 0.004 micron, and copper electrode surface roughness Ra value is 0.004 micron.
Embodiment three:
Fig. 4 is the present embodiment sensor electrode horizontal section schematic diagram.Wherein 3 is plastic cement insulating bars, the coated arc nickel sheet in outside as active nickel electrode and an arc copper sheet as copper electrode.Wherein nickel electrode is connected with external measuring circuitry respectively by wire with copper electrode, and connected mode is parallel way.The Validity Test area of nickel electrode and copper electrode is 100cm
2, do not contact between nickel electrode with copper electrode.Nickel electrode surface roughness Ra value is 0.004 micron, and copper electrode surface roughness Ra value is 0.004 micron.
Fig. 5 is the present embodiment sensor anode generalized section.
The sensor electrode processing method of above three embodiments adopts electrochemical polish method or grinding and polishing method.
Nickel electrode Surface Machining electrochemical polishing method: nickel material is 99.9% pure nickel plate, long 60mm, wide 50mm, thick 3mm, cold rolled plate material, and hardness HV is 220, surface roughness 0.01 micron, sheet material flatness 0.05 micron.The one side welding screw do not processed, thus shield electrode is to prevent from being corroded.Carry out electrochemical polish, work flow is as follows:
Sonochemistry oil removing → washing → pickling → washing → electrochemical degreasing → washing → pickling → washing → electrochemical polish → washing → washing → washing → oven dry.
The technological parameter of electrochemical polish is as follows:
| Raw material and operating condition | Processing range |
| Phosphoric acid | 65% |
| Sulphuric acid | 15% |
| Chromic anhydride | 6% |
| Water | 14% |
| Density | 1.74 |
| Voltage | 12-18/V |
| Cathode-current density | 30-40A/dm 2 |
| Temperature | Room temperature |
| Time | 0.3-2min |
| Cathode material | Stereotype |
After electrochemical polish processing, surface roughness reaches 0.003 micron, and Fig. 6 amplifies 50 times of nickel electrode exterior views after electrochemical polish.
Copper electrode Surface Machining electrochemical polishing method: copper product is 99.9% fine copper plate, long 60mm, wide 50mm, thick 3mm, cold rolled plate material, surface roughness 0.01 micron, sheet material flatness 0.05 micron.
Electrochemical polishing process flow process: oil removing → copper polishing → cleaning → distilled water or the anti-copper discoloration agent → distilled water of washed with de-ionized water → leaching RT or washed with de-ionized water → centrifugal drying or compressed air dry up or dry (temperature 70 ~ 90 DEG C), and electrochemical polishing process parameter is as follows.
| Raw material and operating condition | Processing range |
| Phosphoric acid | 800ml/L |
| Additive A | 100ml/L |
| Additive B | 100ml/L |
| Temperature | 10-30℃ |
| Anodic current density | 5-6A/dm 2 |
| Voltage | 6-12V |
| Time | 1-8min |
| Negative electrode | Rustless steel |
Nickel electrode Surface Machining abrasive polishing method: nickel material is 99.9% pure nickel plate, long 120mm, wide 60mm, thick 3mm, cold rolled plate material, and hardness HV is 280, surface roughness 0.01 micron, sheet material flatness 0.06 micron.Grinding step is corase grind, fine grinding, rough polishing, essence throwing four procedures, and lapping liquid is corundum lapping liquid, and milling time is respectively 40 minutes, 40 minutes, 30 minutes, 40 minutes.Carry out ultrasonic cleaning after grinding, dry, pack.
After above-mentioned grinding and polishing, nickel electrode surface roughness is 0.004 micron.Fig. 7 amplifies 150 times of nickel electrode exterior views after grinding and polishing.
Copper electrode Surface Machining abrasive polishing method: copper product is 99.9% fine copper plate, long 120mm, wide 60mm, thick 3mm, cold rolled plate material, surface roughness 0.01 micron, sheet material flatness 0.05 micron.Grinding step is corase grind, fine grinding, rough polishing, essence throwing four procedures, and lapping liquid is corundum lapping liquid, and milling time is respectively 30 minutes, 20 minutes, 20 minutes, 40 minutes.Carry out ultrasonic cleaning after grinding, dry, pack.
The product of copper electrode after having to pass through the polishing of Passivation Treatment guarantee after polishing can not be oxidized.Passivation technology is as follows:
| Raw material and operating condition | Processing range |
| Copper imitates colour-changing agent | 50ml/L |
| Water | 950ml/L |
| Temperature | Room temperature |
| Time | 1-2min |
Claims (14)
1. a sensor for non-intervention detection sweat gland perspiration ion situation, it is characterized in that, sensor is made up of a pair active electrode and a pair inert electrode; Active electrode is to the electrochemical reaction situation being used for testing sweat gland perspiration ion, and inert electrode carries out self-correcting to the electrochemical signals be used for active electrode tests out.
2. the sensor of a kind of non-intervention detection sweat gland perspiration ion situation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the anode of sensor is made up of an active electrode of homonymy and an inert electrode, and negative electrode is made up of an active electrode of opposite side and another one inert electrode.
3. the sensor of a kind of non-intervention detection sweat gland perspiration ion situation according to claim 1, is characterized in that, active electrode to inert electrode to being connected in parallel in measuring circuit.
4. the sensor of a kind of non-intervention detection sweat gland perspiration ion situation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, under the galvanic condition of applying 0.5 ~ 12V, active electrode produces electrochemical reaction to the hydrion in energy and perspiration or chloride ion, and inert electrode does not produce chemical reaction with any ion in perspiration.
5. the sensor of a kind of non-intervention detection sweat gland perspiration ion situation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, active electrode is nickel electrode or silver/silver chloride electrode, preferred nickel electrode.
6. the sensor of a kind of non-intervention detection sweat gland perspiration ion situation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, inert electrode is copper electrode or Ti electrode, preferably copper electrode.
7. the sensor of a kind of non-intervention detection sweat gland perspiration ion situation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the Validity Test area of active electrode and inert electrode is all not less than 0.1cm
2, nickel electrode is not in contact with each other mutually with copper electrode, and active electrode becomes multiple proportion with the area of inert electrode.
8. electrode according to claims 1 to 7, is characterized in that, the shape of electrode is sheet (block) shape, also can be cylindric, semi-cylindrical, arcuation or semiarc shape.
9. the sensor of a kind of non-intervention detection sweat gland perspiration ion situation according to claim 1, is characterized in that, electrode is minute surface with the one side of test location contacts, and minute surface roughness requirements Ra value is less than 0.006 micron, and Rz value is less than 0.01 micron.
10. polishing electrode according to claim 9, is characterized in that, processing method can be the one of grinding and polishing, electrochemical polish, magnetic variation fluid polishing; Electrode surface after polishing can not have any residual material except the material of electrode own.
11. nickel electrodes according to claim 1 and 5, is characterized in that, the raw material of preparation nickel electrode is the nickel of purity more than 99.5%.
12. nickel electrodes according to claim 1,5 and 11, it is characterized in that, raw material nickel fractions is hard state, and hardness HV is greater than 180; The surface roughness of raw material nickel is less than 0.01 micron, and sheet material flatness is less than 0.05 micron, and thickness deviation size is less than 0.05 micron.
13. copper electrodes according to claim 1 and 6, it is characterized in that, the raw material preparing copper electrode is the copper of purity more than 99.5%.
14. copper electrodes according to claim 1,6 and 13, it is characterized in that, the form of raw material copper is hard state, and hardness HV is greater than 180; The surface roughness of raw material copper is less than 0.01 micron, and sheet material flatness is less than 0.05 micron, and sheet metal thickness tolerance dimension is less than 0.05 micron.
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Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1319149A (en) * | 1969-11-28 | 1973-06-06 | Sherwood Medical Ind Inc | Sample collecting and measuring device |
| JPH0428343A (en) * | 1990-04-27 | 1992-01-30 | Nippondenso Co Ltd | Measuring device for substance in sweat |
| JPH0951877A (en) * | 1995-08-11 | 1997-02-25 | Nobuyuki Tsutsui | Perspiration recorder |
| US20060253011A1 (en) * | 2005-05-09 | 2006-11-09 | Edmonson Peter J | Sweat sensor system and method of characterizing the compositional analysis of sweat fluid |
| US20070015984A1 (en) * | 2005-06-30 | 2007-01-18 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Electrode for measuring biosignal |
| CN101623199A (en) * | 2004-07-01 | 2010-01-13 | 维沃医学公司 | Non-invasive glucose measurement |
| US20130197319A1 (en) * | 2012-01-26 | 2013-08-01 | The University Of Akron | Flexible Electrode for Detecting Changes in Temperature, Humidity, and Sodium Ion Concentration in Sweat |
| US20140012114A1 (en) * | 2012-07-06 | 2014-01-09 | Nederlandse Organisatie Voor Toegepast-Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek - Tno | Monitoring of Fluid Content |
-
2015
- 2015-01-29 CN CN201510046194.3A patent/CN104545817B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1319149A (en) * | 1969-11-28 | 1973-06-06 | Sherwood Medical Ind Inc | Sample collecting and measuring device |
| JPH0428343A (en) * | 1990-04-27 | 1992-01-30 | Nippondenso Co Ltd | Measuring device for substance in sweat |
| JPH0951877A (en) * | 1995-08-11 | 1997-02-25 | Nobuyuki Tsutsui | Perspiration recorder |
| CN101623199A (en) * | 2004-07-01 | 2010-01-13 | 维沃医学公司 | Non-invasive glucose measurement |
| US20060253011A1 (en) * | 2005-05-09 | 2006-11-09 | Edmonson Peter J | Sweat sensor system and method of characterizing the compositional analysis of sweat fluid |
| US20070015984A1 (en) * | 2005-06-30 | 2007-01-18 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Electrode for measuring biosignal |
| US20130197319A1 (en) * | 2012-01-26 | 2013-08-01 | The University Of Akron | Flexible Electrode for Detecting Changes in Temperature, Humidity, and Sodium Ion Concentration in Sweat |
| US20140012114A1 (en) * | 2012-07-06 | 2014-01-09 | Nederlandse Organisatie Voor Toegepast-Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek - Tno | Monitoring of Fluid Content |
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