CN104540543B - 具有成角度磁化的mri安全植入体磁体 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种被描述为用于受体病人的可植入系统的磁装置。可植入线圈壳体包含用于植入体通信信号的经皮通信的信号线圈。在线圈壳体内可自由地旋转的是用于与对应的外部附接磁体进行经皮磁相互作用的圆柱形植入体磁体。该植入体磁体具有中心圆柱体对称轴线和沿磁轴线的磁化方向,所述磁轴线朝向以小于45度的非零角偏离该对称轴线。
Description
本申请要求在2012年7月3日提交的美国临时专利申请61/667,474的优先权,其通过引用被并入在此。
技术领域
本发明涉及可植入医疗装置,并且具体地说,涉及在允许磁共振成像的这样的装置中的磁性元件。
背景技术
诸如中耳植入体(MEI)和耳蜗植入体(CI)的一些听觉植入体在可植入部分和外部部分中使用附接磁体,以将该外部部分在植入体上磁性地固定就位。例如,如图1中所示,典型的耳蜗植入体系统可以包括外部发射器壳体101,该壳体101包含发射线圈102和外部附接磁体103。该外部附接磁体103具有传统圆柱形盘形状和北南磁偶极子,该北南磁偶极子具有垂直于病人的皮肤的轴线,以产生外部磁场线104,如所示。在病人的皮肤下植入了对应的接收器组件105,其具有类似的接收线圈106和植入体磁体107。该植入体磁体107也具有圆柱形盘形状和北南磁偶极子,该北南磁偶极子具有垂直于病人的皮肤的磁轴线,以产生内部磁场线108,如所示。内部接收器壳体105被使用外科手术植入和固定就位在病人体内。该外部发射器壳体101被设置在覆盖内部接收器组件105的皮肤上的适当的位置,并且通过内部磁场线108和外部磁场线104之间的相互作用被固定就位。来自发射器线圈102的Rf信号将数据和/或电力耦合到接收线圈106,该接收线圈106与植入的处理器模块(未示出)进行通信。
当病人经历磁共振成像(MRI)检查时产生一个问题。在植入体磁体和对于MRI施加的外部磁场之间出现相互作用。如图2中所示,植入体磁体202的磁化方向实质上垂直于病人的皮肤。因此,来自MRI的外部磁场可以在内部磁体202上产生扭矩该扭矩可以将内部磁体202或整个植入体壳体201移位离开适当的位置。此外,这可能损害在病人体中的相邻组织。另外,来自MRI的外部磁场可以减小或消除植入体磁体202的磁化使得它不再强得足以将外部发射器壳体固定在适当的位置。植入体磁体202也可能在MRI图像中引起成像伪影,可能是在接收线圈中感应的电压和因为MRI的外部磁场与植入装置的相互作用导致的听觉伪迹。这对于超过1.5特斯拉的MRI场强特别成问题。
因此,对于现有的具有磁体布置的植入体系统,通常不允许MRI或最多限制MRI的使用到较低的场强。其他现有解决方案包括使用通过外科手术可移除的磁体、球形植入体磁体(例如,美国专利7,566,296)和各种环形磁体设计(例如,在2009年7月22日提交的美国临时专利61/227,632)。在不要求外科手术来移除磁体的那些解决方案中,球形磁体设计可能是用于MRI移除的最方便和最安全的选择,即使在很高的场强下。但是球形磁体布置要求比植入体的其他部件的厚度大得多的相对大的磁体,由此增大由植入体占用的体积。这继而可以产生其本身的问题。例如,诸如耳蜗植入体的一些系统被植入在皮肤和下面的骨头之间。磁体壳体的“球形凸块”因此要求准备凹进入下面的骨头中。这是在对于很小儿童的情况下很具挑战性或甚至不可能的应用中在植入期间的附加步骤。
美国专利公开20110264172描述了具有具备与盘形状植入体磁体的中心圆柱形对称轴线相垂直的磁轴的磁偶极子的植入体磁体——即,垂直于传统的盘形状的植入体磁体的磁轴。但是除此之外,这样的布置需要显著地更大尺寸的植入体磁体,以达到与外部附接磁体所需的磁吸力的量。
发明内容
本发明的实施例涉及用于受体病人的可植入系统的磁性装置。可植入的线圈壳体包含用于植入体通信信号的经皮通信的信号线圈。在线圈壳体内可自由地旋转的是用于与对应的外部附接磁体进行经皮磁相互作用的圆柱形植入体磁体。该植入体磁体具有中心圆柱体对称轴线和沿磁轴线的磁化方向,所述磁轴线朝向以小于45度的非零角偏离该对称轴线。
在另外的特定实施例中,磁轴线可以朝向以大于10度且小于30度的角偏离该对称轴线,例如,以20度的角。以及可以存在覆盖植入体磁体的至少一部分并且减小在该植入体磁体和该线圈壳体之间的旋转摩擦力的润滑涂层。
在上面的任何一种中,该可植入系统可以是耳蜗植入体系统、中耳植入体系统、前庭植入体系统、或喉起搏器植入体系统。
附图说明
图1示出典型的耳蜗植入体系统的部分。
图2图示在植入体磁体和对于MRI系统施加的外部磁场之间能够出现的相互作用。
图3示出根据本发明的实施例的具有成角度磁化方向的圆柱形植入体磁体。
图4示出根据本发明的实施例的具有线圈壳体和成角度磁化的植入体磁体的耳蜗植入体装置的示例。
图5示出成角度磁化的植入体磁体对于诸如来自MRI系统的外部磁场的反作用。
具体实施方式
本发明的各个实施例涉及用于与MRI系统相容的受体病人的可植入系统的磁性装置。不像具有沿其对称轴线的磁化方向(导致磁极在该圆盘表面的每一个上)的传统的植入体磁体,以及与在美国专利公开20110264172中描述的具有垂直于其对称轴线的磁化方向的植入体磁体的设计对比,这里描述的该植入体磁体具有沿磁轴线的角度化的或倾斜的磁化方向,该磁轴线朝向以有限的角度偏离该对称轴线。
图3示出根据本发明的实施例的具有成角度磁化方向303的磁场301的圆柱形植入体磁体300。该成角度磁化方向303(即,磁偶极子定向)在相对于中心圆柱体对称轴线302小于45°的倾斜角上。典型地,成角度磁化方向303能够为至少10°且不大于约30°,例如20°左右。
图4示出具有成角度磁化的植入体磁体401的可植入耳蜗植入体装置400的示例,该植入体磁体401封装在线圈壳体402内,在该线圈壳体402中植入体磁体401围绕它的中心圆柱体对称轴线自由地转动。在耳蜗植入体装置400上方的皮肤上是带有具有传统的轴向定向磁场的外部附接磁体404的外部发射器线圈405。该植入体磁体401的成角度的磁场与外部附接磁体404的传统的轴向定向场磁性地相互作用403,以将外部发射器线圈405固定在线圈壳体402上方的适当的位置。
图5示出成角度磁化的植入体磁体504相对外部磁场500的反作用。在正常使用的期间,植入体磁体504具有相对于该植入体磁体504的中心圆柱体对称轴线501的一定初始成角度磁化方向502,这允许其最强烈地吸引外部附接磁体(在图5中未示出)。当强加新的强的外部磁场500时——例如,来自MRI程序——该植入体磁体504可自由地旋转并且将围绕它的中心圆柱体对称轴线501转动到新的磁化方向503,在该新的磁化方向503上该植入体磁体504的磁化(即磁偶极子)具有与MRI扫描器中的外部磁场500平行的分量。
具有成角度磁化的植入体磁体的一个显著的优点是,当植入体(和磁体)被植入在矢状的平面(例如听觉植入体)中时,如果该被植入的病人经历MRI程序该植入体磁体的磁场强度不减弱,即使对于如3特斯拉大的高外部磁场强度。这是因为植入体磁体与外部磁场自身对准使得该植入体磁体的磁化矢量(偶极子)和外部磁场之间的角度从未超过70°到80°的值。
此外,具有成角度磁化的植入体磁体与具有传统轴向磁化的磁体的外部装置兼容。相比之下,具有垂直于植入体磁体的几何轴线的磁化方向的植入体磁体(例如,美国专利公开US20110264172)与具有轴向磁化的磁体的外部装置不兼容。与磁化方向垂直于其几何轴线的磁体相比的另一个优点是,为了达到该植入体磁体和外部磁体之间相同的磁引力而并不需要明显更大的磁体体积(超出传统轴向磁化的磁体大约20%到30%)。
然而施加在该植入体磁体(以及由此在该植入体装置自身)的扭矩可以几乎与传统的轴向磁化的植入体磁体一样高;扭矩与该植入体磁体的偶极子和外部磁场之间角度的正弦成比例。此外,该植入体磁体的角度磁化可以允许具有传统的轴向磁化的磁体的外部装置在该植入体装置上方稍微偏离中心地附接。这可以影响由通过介入皮瓣的通信信号的能量提供和数据传输,以及与外部磁体的磁吸引的力。
虽然已经公开了本发明的各个示例性的实施例,但是对于本领域的技术人员显而易见的是在不偏离本发明的真实范围的情况下,能够进行实现本发明的一些优点的各种改变和修改。
Claims (9)
1.一种用于受体病人的可植入系统的磁装置,所述装置包括:
可植入的线圈壳体,所述可植入的线圈壳体包含用于植入体通信信号的经皮通信的信号线圈;
圆柱形植入体磁体,所述圆柱形植入体磁体在所述可植入的线圈壳体内能够自由地旋转,用于与对应的外部附接磁体进行经皮磁相互作用,所述圆柱形植入体磁体具有:
i.中心圆柱体对称轴线,和
ii.沿磁轴线的磁化方向,所述磁轴线朝向以小于45度的非零角偏离所述对称轴线。
2.根据权利要求1的装置,其中所述磁轴线朝向以大于10度的角偏离所述对称轴线。
3.根据权利要求2的装置,其中所述磁轴线朝向以小于30度的角偏离所述对称轴线。
4.根据权利要求1的装置,其中所述磁轴线朝向以20度的角偏离所述对称轴线。
5.根据权利要求1的装置,进一步包括:
润滑涂层,所述润滑涂层覆盖所述圆柱形植入体磁体的至少一部分并且减小所述圆柱形植入体磁体和所述可植入的线圈壳体之间的旋转摩擦力。
6.根据权利要求1的装置,其中所述可植入系统是耳蜗植入体系统。
7.根据权利要求1的装置,其中所述可植入系统是中耳植入体系统。
8.根据权利要求1的装置,其中所述可植入系统是前庭植入体系统。
9.根据权利要求1的装置,其中,所述可植入系统是喉起搏器植入体系统。
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US201261667474P | 2012-07-03 | 2012-07-03 | |
US61/667,474 | 2012-07-03 | ||
PCT/US2013/048889 WO2014008169A1 (en) | 2012-07-03 | 2013-07-01 | Mri-safe implant magnet with angular magnetization |
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