CN104536901A - Semantic Web service verification method based on dynamic description logic and model detection - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a semantic Web service verification method based on a dynamic description logic and model detection. Based on a model verification technology in a semantic Web environment, the dynamic description logic is introduced and action actuation of the dynamic description logic is used as a state changing reason in a Web service model, so that a conventional model detecting technology is applied to Web service verification under a semantic Web service verification environment. On the aspect of a system model, the semantic Web service is abstracted as a state transition system in model detection; meanwhile, an action theory is introduced for abstracting preconditions and implementation results of atomic service as atomic action of an action theory and taking the action implementation as a state changing reason in the atomic service. On the basis, a model generated by the action implementation is inspected to whether meet temporal specification or not. The semantic Web service verification method can be used for compensating the defect that the limitation of the state changing reason in the Web service is not considered in the conventional verification method, and the Web service verification method is enriched under the semantic Web environment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Semantic Web Services verification method, be specifically related to a kind of Semantic Web Services verification method based on Dynamic Description Logic and model inspection.
Background technology
Semantic Web Services is the combination of Semantic Web Technology and Web service technology, by adding semantic information in the description of Web service, make Web service become the intelligible entity of computing machine thus realize the automatic discovery of computing machine to Web service, automatically selecting, Automatic Combined and automatically performing.Increase Web service along with real-life business demand also presents the situation of complexity greatly, in order to ensure the reliability to Web service development and application, just seems particularly important to the checking of Web service.
Model inspection is a kind of formal Verification Techniques be widely used.This technology one side utilization state migratory system (State Transition System, STS) etc. carries out Formal Modeling to investigated system, uses temporal logic LTL or CTL etc. to portray character to be verified on the other hand.On this basis, judge whether system meets the character of being portrayed by temporal logic formula by effective verification algorithm, as shown in Figure 1.Utilize model inspection technology, Web service combination scheme can be converted to the formalized models such as finite state machine, Petri network, pi-calculation more intuitively, can generate Web service combination scheme by technology such as model inspection algorithm, approachability analysis or carry out analysis verification to existing Web service combination scheme.
In order to by model inspection Technology application to Semantic Web field, some researchers are by description logic (Description Logic, DL) the ability of portraying is incorporated in temporal logic, proposes the character that tense description logic (DL-TL) describes Web service to be verified.Like this, for the validation problem under Semantic Web, the interpretative structural modeling on the one hand with reference to tense description logic DL-LTL or DL-CTL introduces state transition system, as finite state machine etc.; Tense description logic DL-LTL or DL-CTL formula is adopted to portray tense specification on the other hand; Judge that can character to be verified meet the requirement of system model eventually through model inspection algorithm.
But such verification technique still has some limitations.The model of this technology is based on state transition system, traditional Model Validation Technology and existing verification technique under Semantic Web all do not consider the reason of State Transferring in system model, namely any behavior can make state from a state transition to another one state, this have impact on the scope of application of verification technique to a certain extent, therefore, Dynamic Description Logic is incorporated in model inspection technology by this invention.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention does not consider the reason of state transition in system model, thus there is the deficiency of certain limitation in the scope of application, and this invention provides a kind of Semantic Web Services verification method based on Dynamic Description Logic and model inspection.
For solving the problem, the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
Based on a Semantic Web Services verification method for Dynamic Description Logic and model inspection, comprise the steps:
Step 1, according to applied environment and the background knowledge of Semantic Web services, adopts description logic method to build the background knowledge storehouse K of Semantic Web services;
Step 2, on the basis of background knowledge storehouse K, adopts the tense formula of tense description logic
the character of Semantic Web Services to be verified is portrayed, simultaneously construction set
represent asserting of setting up of each moment;
Step 3, by the precondition of the atomic service in Semantic Web services to be verified and action executing and the result that produces after performing abstract be atomic action in Dynamic Description Logic, obtain the set ∑ of atomic action;
Step 4, is modeled as an abstract non-determined finite automaton, using the input character table of the set ∑ of atomic action as this non-determined finite automaton by Semantic Web Services;
Step 5, is equivalent to the compound action π in a Dynamic Description Logic, i.e. construction set A by non-determined finite automaton
prerepresent that compound action π can perform met condition;
Step 6, on the basis of the knowledge base K obtained in step 1, construction set T
redand set A
redensure each concept in the K of background knowledge storehouse, the semanteme of role and individuality do not change with the execution of action;
Step 7, based on background knowledge storehouse K, compound action π and tense formula
tense formula is made to the model whether produced by the execution of action
the validation problem set up is verified, namely utilizes the consistance reasoning of description logic, judges that can the model produced by the execution of action make tense formula
set up, namely judge
relative to T
redwhether be consistent; If consistent, then the tense formula of character to be verified is described
be set up in the model, namely this Semantic Web services can make this character set up; Otherwise, then on the contrary.
On the basis of the present invention's Model Validation Technology in Semantic Web, introduce Dynamic Description Logic, using the reason of the execution of action as state change in Web service model, traditional model inspection technology can be applied in the problem of Web service checking under Semantic Web by it.From the angle of system model, by abstract for Semantic Web Services be state transition system in model inspection; Introduce action theory simultaneously, by the precondition of atomic service and the abstract atomic action for action theory of execution result, the execution of action is regarded as the reason of state transition in atomic service.On this basis, whether the model that the execution investigating action produces meets tense specification.Compared with classic method, the action that the present invention is based on description logic is theoretical, rely on the inference mechanism of model inspection technology and description logic maturation, compensate for the limitation that traditional verification method does not consider state transition reason in Web service, enrich the method for Web service checking under Semantic Web.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram that conventional model detects, and comprises system model and tense specification two parts.
Fig. 2 is the process flow diagram of the Semantic Web Services verification method based on Dynamic Description Logic and model inspection.
Fig. 3 is the ingredient of Semantic Web Services, main consideration service model part in this invention.
Fig. 4 is the state transition after introducing action.
Fig. 5 is the abstract model of the Web service of buying books formed by the combination of atomic service, and main form is a non-determined finite automaton form.
Embodiment
Based on a Semantic Web Services verification method for Dynamic Description Logic and model inspection, as shown in Figure 2, comprise the steps:
Step 1, according to the applied environment of Semantic Web services, based on description logic ALC, build the background knowledge storehouse K of Semantic Web services, this background knowledge storehouse K is formed primarily of TBox T and ABox A two parts, i.e. K=<T, A>.
Step 1.1, according to the background knowledge of Semantic Web services, obtains the set Nc of concept name, role name set N respectively
r, individual name set N
i;
Step 1.2, builds TBox T.TBox is on the basis of concept name set Nc, the finite aggregate be made up of concept or concept definition formula.Such as: A, B, C are the element in the concept name set Nc in background knowledge respectively, are expressed as a concept, its TBox can with gathering
represent.
Step 1.3, builds ABox A.ABox is that concept is asserted or the set of role assertion composition, and each asserting is combined together with individual name by concept name or role name, is used for the concrete object of expression one.Such as: if C is the concept defined in TBox, a is individual name, so, C (a) is just called that an ABox asserts.
Step 2, on the basis of background knowledge storehouse K, adopts the formula of tense description logic ALC-CTL
the character of Semantic Web Services to be verified is portrayed.
Step 3, by abstract for the atomic service in Semantic Web services to be verified be atomic action in Dynamic Description Logic, obtain the set ∑ of atomic action.
In this step, due to the definition to atomic action in preconditions and the results two parts in atomic service respectively corresponding Dynamic Description Logic, i.e. the precondition of action executing and the result that produces after performing, therefore by its abstract be atomic action.
Step 4, is modeled as an abstract non-determined finite automaton by Semantic Web Services, using the set ∑ of atomic action that obtains in the step 3 input character table as this automat.
Step 5, is equivalent to the compound action π in a Dynamic Description Logic (DDL) by the non-determined finite automaton obtained in step 4.
Step 6, finally, based on background knowledge storehouse K, compound action π and tense formula
the model whether produced by the execution of action is made
the validation problem set up is verified.Mainly contain following steps composition:
Step 6.1, on the TBox T obtained in step 1 and the basis of ABox A, constructs TBoxT respectively
red, ensure each concept in knowledge base, the semanteme of role and individuality do not change with the execution of action;
Step 6.2, on the basis of the π obtained in step 5, structure ABox A
prerepresent that compound action π can perform met condition;
Step 6.3, based on the tense formula to be verified of step 3
in order to meet the semanteme of tense formula, utilize Tableau extension rule, the set that the ABox obtaining setting up in each moment asserts, this set is used
represent;
Step 6.4, on the basis of first three step, utilizes the consistance reasoning of description logic, judges that can the model produced by the execution of action make
set up.Concrete way is: the method utilizing the consistency problem in description logic, judges
relative to T
redwhether be consistent; If consistent, then character to be verified is described
be set up in the model, namely this Semantic Web services can make this character set up, otherwise, if inconsistent, then character to be verified is described
be invalid in the model, namely this Semantic Web services can not make this character set up.
Model inspection technology mainly based on action theory and the model inspection technology of description logic, is introduced in Semantic Web, and is carried out suitable expansion to it by the present invention.First, the composition of portraying of description logic is incorporated into temporal logic CTL, obtain a kind of under Semantic Web to the temporal logic system DL-CTL that tense character to be verified is portrayed; Secondly, in original state transition system, by the execution of the migration of state owing to action, compensate for the deficiency that traditional model inspection technology does not consider state transition reason, and by the executive condition in Web service and the effect after performing abstract be the atomic action in action theory, system model is modeled as non-deterministic finite automaton.Finally, validation problem just becomes the model whether produced by the execution of action can meet tense formula, utilizes the consistency problem in description logics reasoning problem that this problem can be made to be solved well.
Character based on branch tense description logic DL-CTL is portrayed
The present invention verifies the character of Web service under the environment of Semantic Web, is a most basic step to the expression of character to be verified.For the environment that Semantic Web is special,
First, build the background knowledge storehouse based on description logic, be used for describing the background knowledge of association area.Wherein, TBox contains concept in this field and universal and comprises the finite aggregate that axiom forms, and ABox asserts formed set by individuality, comprise concept to assert, role assertion etc., are used for portraying the character of state in migratory system, describe tense formula etc.
Secondly, based on background knowledge storehouse, introduce description logic description logic DL-CTL when the expansion of tense field obtains, character to be verified in describing system.This logic overcomes the defect that description logic only can portray static domain knowledge, on the basis of computational tree logic CTL, that introduces description logic portrays composition, the knowledge that in regulation knowledge base, TBox portrays not change in time and changing, asserts the proposition of replacing in original temporal logic formula simultaneously by the ABox in description logic.Such combination not only makes it have description logic articulate character, also inherits the advantage to tense property description in temporal logic simultaneously.
For ALC-CTL, this logic is shown, its basic symbol and the basic symbol of description logic ALC similar, comprise the set N be made up of concept name
c, the set N to be made up of role name
r, and the set N that is made up of individual name
i.From these symbols, by the concept structure symbol in description logic ALC and the formula construction symbol in branchedness temporal logic CTL, concept and the formula of ALC-CTL recursively can be generated.The production generation that Objective Concept in ALC-CTL is following:
Wherein C
i∈ N
c, R ∈ N
r.
concept is called the negative of concept, concept is extracted and the existence of concept limits.
Formula in ALC-CTL is generated by following production:
Wherein, p, q ∈ N
i, R ∈ N
r, C, D are concept.In addition, successively introduce shape as false, true,
the formula such as → ψ, AX, EF, EG, AG, A (U ψ), E (R ψ) and A (R ψ).
Based on these concepts and formula, character to be verified can be represented by tense description logic formula, the requirement of portraying character under not being only applicable to Semantic Web, utilizes description logic articulate advantage simultaneously, greatly expands the expression scope of character.
Based on the Semantic Web Services modeling of description logic and action theory
Description logic is the formal tool of a class for the static domain knowledge of expression and inference, it is the logical foundations of Ontology Language OWL, its principal feature there are provided the incomparable representation of knowledge ability of propositional logic, in turn ensure that the decidability of dependency inference problem simultaneously.Action theory is research topic important in artificial intelligence, and being currently becomes the intelligent agent of study hotspot and the theoretical foundation of Semantic Web Services.
Action based on description logic is theoretical, not only inherit in action theory for the advantage that the dynamic world portrays, overcome the defect that description logic can only describe static domain knowledge, also provide the stronger ability to express be compared to based on propositional logic, predicate logic action theory simultaneously.One is wherein introduced in this invention, Dynamic Description Logic (Dynamic Description Logic, DDL), this logic can not only be portrayed atomic action, can portray the action that " selection ", " sequentially ", " circulation " etc. are complicated simultaneously.Its basic symbol and the basic symbol of ALC-CTL similar, turn increase the set N of action in addition
a, in DDL, the production of action is as follows:
Wherein, α is atomic action, and φ is formula, by shape as
π ∪ π ', π, π ', π
*action represent respectively test, selection, order and iteration action.Atomic action α is defined as two tuples of shape as (P, E), and wherein P represents the precondition of action executing, the result that E produces after representing action executing.
Owing to there is the action structure symbols such as such as order, selection, circulation in DDL, the execution of action can make the change of the model generation state with branching characteristics, therefore, adopting branch tense description logic DL-CTL to be described tense specification to be verified in the present invention is set up in theory.
Semantic Web Services carries out formalized description by its descriptive language OWL-S (Ontology Web Language for Service), each Web service is described as the example of a Service class by it, each example contains three feature: Service Profile, Service Model and ServiceGrounding, as shown in Figure 3.Service Profile is used for describing the essential characteristic of Web service, describes Web service " being what does "; Service Model is used for describing Web service and how works; Service Grounding describes how to access this Web service.When modeling and checking are carried out to Semantic Web Services, only need consider Service Model.Service Model describes the internal process of Web service, and Web service is portrayed as a Process (process) by it.
According to the feature of OWL-S, what be easy to the language conversion of descriptive semantics Web service to become tense description logic asserts that (Assertion) or universal comprise axiom (GCI), and then describes the status flag of this service.In modeling process, each atomic service can be considered as is an atom process, and input, output and executive condition and execution result represent an atomic service.Can input, executive condition and built-in variable be regarded as a state in atomic service, execution result and output be regarded as a state.Such atomic service just contains the relation of a state transfer.
In the invention, by the executive condition in atomic service and the result after performing abstract be atomic action (atom action) in a Dynamic Description Logic (DDL), so abstract definition just met for atomic action in DDL.Like this, we can by the execution of the change of state in each atomic service owing to action.
As shown in Figure 4, in atomic service, s0 is preliminary examination state, and the result produced after this service execution is state s1, s2, represents the state after this state transition respectively.In the invention, by the change of s0 to s1, s2 owing to abstract action executing.So, just specify that the reason that state changes, the reasoning of the comparative maturity in Dynamic Description Logic can be utilized again simultaneously, proof theory considers problems such as the checkings of service after combination in Semantic Web Services, enrich the method to these Resolving probiems.
On this basis, the system model obtained after atomic service combination is modeled as to the form of non-deterministic finite automaton, it is five-tuple (S, Σ, δ, a s
0, F).Wherein, Q is the set of state, and Σ is the input character table of automat, δ: Q × Σ → 2
qfor transfer function, q
0∈ Q is original state,
for final state collection.
From definition, the input alphabet of this automat is regarded as the set of atomic action involved in example, the execution of each atomic action can make state change, and namely in the model, the execution of action is the reason that state changes.
Based on the checking of the tense specification of description logic
In the process of traditional modelling verification, only on the basis of system model M, by exhaustive state search, need judge whether tense character φ can meet the requirement of system model, namely to the checking of tense character
whether set up, if be false, then provide " counter-example ", conveniently system model is modified.
But after introducing action theory, decision algorithm before can not meet the checking to tense character, and validation problem is also changed into, whether there is a model produced by the execution of action and tense character is set up.Precisely, whether there is a model produced by the execution of compound action in DDL makes branch's tense character set up.
In order to solve this problem, based on the system model constructed and tense specification to be verified, first, in order to ensure that each concept, role and the individuality semanteme before and after action executing remains unchanged, TBox T is constructed according to existing TBox and ABox respectively
redwith ABox A
red, simultaneously according to action π, structure ABox A
prerepresent the condition meeting action executing; Secondly, on the basis of tense formula, adopt extension rule to draw ABox
like this, can the validation problem judging whether to exist the model that produced by action executing and meet tense formula can be converted to the consistency problem of description logic, namely judge
whether relative to T
redconsistent.So, adopt the solution of the consistency problem solved in description logic that this problem can be made to be resolved.
Below by a specific embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated.
The present invention is under model inspection technology is incorporated into Semantic Web, introduces action theoretical simultaneously, by the execution of the change of state in model owing to action, applies it in the checking of Semantic Web Services and go.Main performing step is as follows.
The first step, the background knowledge required for structure, comprises concept involved in example, role, action and concept and asserts, role assertion etc.Table 1, table 2 is the basic definitions of the Web service that is simply bought books.
Related definition in table 1. example
The definition of table 2. action
Second step, the definition of action by the precondition in atomic service and execution result abstract be the action in action theory, can the Web service combined by atomic service in Web service checking traditional like this meet the validation problem of tense character, change into the model that the execution that whether there is action produces, tense specification is set up.This step by abstract for atomic service involved in example be atomic action, this atomic action is as the reason of state transition in atomic service.
System modelling is an abstract non-deterministic finite automaton by the 3rd step, and as Fig. 5, alphabet of its input is the set of atomic action, and represent its domain knowledge with TBox, the character to be verified formula of tense description logic ALC-CTL represents, as
Represent " when bookstore not book a and b, Jim finally can buy this two books ".Checking by the model produced of action executing, tense formula is set up on this basis.
4th step, solves the consistency problem that this validation problem is converted into description logic.First, TBox T is constructed
redbe used for ensureing that each concept and role semanteme before and after the execution of action remains unchanged; Secondly, structure ABox A
redand A
pre, A
redbe used for representing that each concrete individual subject remains unchanged before and after the execution of action, A
preensure that each action is executable when each state; Finally, according to tense formula
utilize extension rule, structure
the semanteme that the temporal operation being used for meeting temporal logic accords with, makes the formula marked be set up at each time point.
5th step, utilizes the solution of description logic consistency problem, judges
relative to T
redconsistance, if unanimously, then illustrate that namely existence model produced by the execution of action makes tense formula set up, also exist a kind of combination of Web service, tense character can be made to set up.
From the process implemented, this invention is on the basis of traditional model inspection technology, the theory that description logics reasoning technology relevant under utilizing Semantic Web, action theory etc. are ripe, investigates the validation problem to Web service under Semantic Web by a kind of more novel method.
Character to be verified of the present invention uses a kind of temporal logic of expansion to portray, and this logic mainly contains following feature.First, this logic is based on computational tree logic CTL, and that introduces description logic (Description Logic, DL) portrays composition, formed and a kind ofly both there is the strong advantage of description logic expressiveness, a kind of new flogic system can portrayed tense character again.Secondly, the basic symbol of this logic and the basic symbol of description logic similar, comprise the set N be made up of concept name
c, the set N to be made up of role name
r, and the set N that is made up of individual name
i.From these symbols, by the concept structure symbol in description logic DL and the formula construction symbol in branchedness temporal logic CTL, recursively can generate concept and the formula of DL-CTL, utilize the formula of this logic to portray character to be verified.
System modelling of the present invention, the method that main employing is following.First, the action introduced based on description logic is theoretical, on the basis of model inspection theory, using the reason of the execution of atomic action as state transition in Web service, and the expression of atomic action, two tuples that preconditions and the results part of portraying in atom Web service can be represented as it.Secondly, on the basis of the first step, the Semantic Web system modelling combination of atomic service formed is an abstract non-determined finite automaton, using the input character table of the set of atomic action wherein as this automat.
Verification method of the present invention, the method that main employing is following.First, after introducing action theory, from traditional modelling verification problem---can model meet tense formula, become and whether there is a model produced by the execution of action and meet tense specification.Secondly, meeting such a validation problem of tense specification for whether there is a model produced by the execution of action, utilizing the inference mechanism of description logic, constructing different modules respectively (as A
red, A
pre,
t
redetc. part), the semanteme coming concept, knowledge and individuality before and after safety action execution does not change, and meets again the semanteme of temporal logic simultaneously.Then the consistency problem being converted into description logic solves.
Claims (1)
1., based on the Semantic Web Services verification method of Dynamic Description Logic and model inspection, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
Step 1, according to applied environment and the background knowledge of Semantic Web services, adopts description logic method to build the background knowledge storehouse K of Semantic Web services;
Step 2, on the basis of background knowledge storehouse K, adopts the tense formula of tense description logic
the character of Semantic Web Services to be verified is portrayed, simultaneously construction set
represent asserting of setting up of each moment;
Step 3, by the precondition of the atomic service in Semantic Web services to be verified and action executing and the result that produces after performing abstract be atomic action in Dynamic Description Logic, obtain the set ∑ of atomic action;
Step 4, is modeled as an abstract non-determined finite automaton, using the input character table of the set ∑ of atomic action as this non-determined finite automaton by Semantic Web Services;
Step 5, is equivalent to the compound action π in a Dynamic Description Logic, i.e. construction set A by non-determined finite automaton
prerepresent that compound action π can perform met condition;
Step 6, on the basis of the knowledge base K obtained in step 1, construction set T
redand set A
redensure each concept in the K of background knowledge storehouse, the semanteme of role and individuality do not change with the execution of action;
Step 7, based on background knowledge storehouse K, compound action π and tense formula
tense formula is made to the model whether produced by the execution of action
the validation problem set up is verified, utilizes the consistance reasoning of description logic, judges that can the model produced by the execution of action make tense formula
set up, namely judge
relative to T
redwhether be consistent; If consistent, then the tense formula of character to be verified is described
be set up in the model, namely this Semantic Web services can make this character set up; Otherwise, then on the contrary.
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