CN104536477A - Glass noise active control silencing system and operating method - Google Patents
Glass noise active control silencing system and operating method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104536477A CN104536477A CN201410828104.1A CN201410828104A CN104536477A CN 104536477 A CN104536477 A CN 104536477A CN 201410828104 A CN201410828104 A CN 201410828104A CN 104536477 A CN104536477 A CN 104536477A
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Abstract
The invention provides a glass noise active control silencing system and operating method. The glass noise active control silencing system comprises a vibration collection module, a signal processing module, an active vibration module, a software module which contains a master control program and an interrupt service routine. A direct piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric materials is used for perceiving the dynamic changes of a solid medium such as glass, and the function of mechanical vibration signal collection is achieved. A converse piezoelectric effect is used for transforming an electrical signal into a mechanical signal of the vibration of the solid medium such as glass, and the active vibration function of the solid medium is achieved. The active vibration and the vibration caused by the noise are same in amplitude and opposite in phase, the vibration caused by the noise penetrating the glass medium is offset effectively, so that the indoor noise intensity is decreased effectively, and the comfort of environment is improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of noise control, particularly relate to a kind of noise impedance silene system for glass and method of work.
Background technology
Noise is that a class causes people irritated or cross strong and sound that is that be detrimental to health because of the sound intensity.Along with communications and transportation, the developing rapidly of industrial building, train aircraft, vehicle whistle, man-made noise, building operation become the main source of noise pollution, drastically influence living environment and the quality of life of people, annoying the physical and mental health of people.Generally, the frequency of sound wave that people's ear can be heard is 20 ~ 20,000Hz, is called audible sound; Lower than 20Hz, be called infrasonic wave; Higher than 20,000Hz, be called ultrasound wave.The size of sound generally represents with decibel (dB), and research shows, noise, in 55 ~ 60dB scope, can make people feel put about; In 60 ~ 65dB scope, Annoyance degree can be made greatly to increase; At more than 65dB, then health may be endangered.The physical and mental health of noise effect people, damage hearing and related system, reduction work efficiency, serious even can cause security incident.Therefore, our national tailor " People's Republic of China's noise pollution prevention method ", makes clear stipulaties to the noise intensity of zones of different.But at some specific environment, such as railway, airport, building ground, discotheque even battlefield, noise is unavoidable.How effectively preventing and treating and to control the impact of these noises on the people be in environment, this problem is that people are devoted to solve always.
According to generation principle and the mechanism of transmission of sound, three key elements of noise transmission are: noise source or vibration source, route of transmission, by sound person.Therefore, for control and the elimination of noise, mainly from above-mentioned three aspect complex optimums.Existing Noise Prevention and Treatment and control method generally can be divided into three kinds, i.e. Passive Control, ACTIVE CONTROL and semi-active control.Passive Control adopts sound-absorbing, sound insulating material to block the travel path of sound.Such as adopt soundproof wall, the materials such as acoustical cotton increase the damping of sound transmission, improve the sound insulation capabilities in room.Passive control methods structure is simple, and good reliability, current residential houses and office space are adopted in this way mostly.Passive Control suppresses better to high frequency noise, but along with the reduction of noise frequency, the damping of sound-absorbing, sound-proof material sharply declines, and causes passive control methods to Middle and low frequency noise, particularly very limited to the Noise measarement effect of larger below the 1kHz of body effect.ACTIVE CONTROL adopts the principle of " signal cancellation ", the physical phenomenon of interference can be produced according to the mixing of the relevant sound wave of two row, artificial superposition one arranges and that phase place contrary sound wave identical with original magnitudes of acoustic waves, utilizes the destructive interference of sound wave to reach to eliminate and the object of reduction noise.Active Control Method centering low frequency sound signals has good erasure effect, can realize good complementation with passive control methods.Current existing ACTIVE CONTROL needs the multiple secondary sound source of extra generation, carries out vector superposed, carry out voice signal offset target area at communication space and existing noise.But, due to noise can interfere when spatial, the effect such as scattering and reverberation, within the scope of target area, produce accurate anti-phase acoustic ratio in real time more difficult, cause erasure effect to decline.Semi-active control, according to the feature of external noise signals, changes circuit structure in real time, and the structural vibration energy conversion caused by noise is to greatest extent that electric energy or thermal energy consumption are fallen, thus reduces noise energy, realizes noise noise reduction.Semi-active control realizes noise erasure effect from energy conversion angle, and required external energy is less, and circuit realiration is comparatively simple.But semi-active control method needs real-time regulating circuit parameter, there is certain delay of control.In addition, the range of adjustment of the method to circuit parameter is limited, and the noise cancellation effect for some specific frequency is better, but very limited to the eradicating efficacy of wideband noise.
Sound and vibration are all by different Medium Propagation in itself.Can sound as vibration, when sound wave is propagated in atmosphere, also can cause the vibration of solid state medium.The essence can saying sound is a kind of vibration, is a kind of transmission of energy, therefore for the control of noise, can controls: (1) inherently reduces the vibrational energy of noise source from following two aspects; (2) to reduce or the transmission of block noise energy, thus the arrival made obtains effectively preventing and control by the noise of sound person auditory system.
For the environment such as residential houses and office space, glass is that in whole building, quality is minimum, and thickness is the thinnest, the part that sound dampening is minimum, and external noise very easily causes the vibration of glass, and then propagates into indoor.Therefore, be necessary the critical path for this sound transmission of glass, a kind of design proposal of active control of noise exhaust box is proposed, the vibration that effective counteracting sound causes when passing glass medium, thus effectively reduce noise intensity, enable under extraneous strong noise environment, to enjoy comfortable indoor environment by sound person.
Summary of the invention
For solving the problem, the invention provides a kind of noise impedance silene system for glass, comprising vibration acquisition module, signal processing module, active vibration module, running the software module having primary control program and interrupt service routine;
Described vibration acquisition module comprises piezoelectric patches, A/D oversampling converter, the preliminary mechanical vibration signal of described vibration acquisition module for being produced on glass by piezoelectric patches acquisition noise, by amplifying, sample conversion is output in signal processing module after electric signal;
Described signal processing module is used for carrying out treatment and analysis to the electric signal of input, and it is identical to produce size, and the secondary drive signal that phase place is contrary outputs to ACTIVE CONTROL module;
Described ACTIVE CONTROL module is used for producing secondary mechanical vibration by piezoelectric patches after reception secondary drive signal, and act on, secondary mechanical vibration is equal with preliminary mechanical Oscillation Amplitude, phase place is contrary;
Described primary control program gathers A/D conversion, the generation of secondary drive signal of preliminary mechanical vibration signal and signal for controlling piezoelectric patches;
Interrupt service routine is for obtaining electric signal and the auto adapted filtering coefficient adjustment of the conversion of preliminary mechanical vibration signal.
Preferably, also involving vibrations feedback module, described vibrational feedback module is used for the resulting vibration situation by monitoring glass, by interrupt service routine to signal processing module output feedack conditioning signal, revise the output of its secondary drive singal, drive ACTIVE CONTROL module, reduce the noise and vibration of glass further.
Preferably, the top layer control algolithm of described signal processing module adopts pid control algorithm.
Preferably, the underlying algorithm of described signal processing module adopts auto adapted filtering least-mean-square error algorithm, auto adapted filtering least-mean-square error algorithm utilizes preliminary mechanical vibration signal and error signal to carry out the coefficient of Automatic adjusument wave filter, provide control signal in good time, after D/A conversion, become secondary drive signal.
Further, described primary control program execution step is as follows:
Step one: carry out system initialization;
Step 2: A/D oversampling converter receives the preliminary mechanical vibration signal of piezoelectric patches collection and changes, the pending data processing such as signal processing module;
Step 3: judge whether A/D conversion terminates, if do not terminate, continues to receive and conversion preliminary mechanical vibration signal data, otherwise carries out next step;
Step 4: enter interrupt service routine;
Step 5: interrupt service routine is disposed, signal processing module exports secondary drive signal.
It is as follows that described interrupt service routine performs step:
Step one: preserve the electric signal of preliminary mechanical vibration signal after A/D conversion;
Step 2: signal processing module adopts auto adapted filtering least-mean-square error algorithm to calculate secondary drive signal, and auto adapted filtering regulates, the residual error signal value obtained after reducing vibration damping noise reduction;
Step 3: jump out interruption, returns primary control program.
The method of work of the above-mentioned noise impedance silene system for glass comprises the following step:
Step one: the preliminary mechanical vibration signal of piezoelectric patches acquisition noise by producing during glass of vibration acquisition module, by amplifying, A/D sample conversion is output to signal processing module after electric signal;
Step 2: signal processing module produce one with input electric signal equal and opposite in direction, the secondary drive signal that direction is contrary;
Step 3: ACTIVE CONTROL module receives secondary drive signal, by the vibration of piezoelectric patches conversion secondary mechanical, act on glass, secondary mechanical vibration is equal with preliminary mechanical Oscillation Amplitude, phase place is contrary.
Further, also comprise step 4: the resulting vibration situation of vibrational feedback module monitors glass, by interrupt service routine to signal processing module output feedack conditioning signal, revise the output of its secondary drive singal, drive ACTIVE CONTROL module, reduce the noise and vibration of glass further.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
(1) the present invention is directed to the minimum medium-glass of sound transmission damping in the environment such as residential houses and office space to carry out active noise controlling, realize the effect reducing room noise intensity;
(2) the present invention adopts piezoelectric to realize active noise design of muffler, effectively can reduce Middle and low frequency noise, especially to the noise of larger below the 1kHz of body effect, the frequency range optimizing noise can realize well complementation with traditional passive noise control method.
(3) the present invention utilizes vibration superposition on glass medium, thus reach the effect reducing noise, spatially adopt multiple secondary sound source to carry out the method superposed in sound field relative to existing ACTIVE CONTROL, have and realize the advantages such as difficulty is low, simple to operate, control is convenient.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is piezoelectric direct piezo electric effect and inverse piezoelectric effect schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is active control of noise intake silencer system block schematic illustration.
Fig. 3 is the FIR filter feedback control system based on LMS.
Fig. 4 is the noise reduction sequential chart of system of the present invention.
Embodiment
For a better understanding of the present invention, before introducing technical scheme, the performance of piezoelectric is described.
Piezoelectric has direct piezo electric effect and inverse piezoelectric effect.Direct piezo electric effect refers to when applying mechanically deform to piezoelectric element, will cause inner positive and negative charge center that relative movement occurs and produce electric polarization, thus cause the bound charge that symbol is contrary appears in piezoelectric element two surfaces, and electric density and external force proportional, as shown in Figure 1.It is the ability of electric energy that direct piezo electric effect reflects that piezoelectric has mechanical energy.Can learn that the deflection of place's structure imbedded by element or element by the charge variation detected on piezoelectric element, therefore utilize direct piezo electric effect, piezoelectric can be made sensing element.Inverse piezoelectric effect refers to when when piezoelectric element two electrode application voltage, due to the effect of electric field, causes the inner positive and negative charge center of piezoelectric element to produce relative displacement, causes the distortion of piezoelectric element, as shown in Figure 1.Inverse piezoelectric effect reflects piezoelectric to be had converting electric energy to be the ability of mechanical energy, to utilize inverse piezoelectric effect piezoelectric can be made driving element, is pasted by piezoelectric element or imbeds in structure, can make malformation or change its stress state.
The forward and inverse piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric all highly significants, and input and output are the advantages such as electric signal.In addition, piezoelectric has low in energy consumption, additional mass and additional stiffness less, on the existing structure impact advantage such as less, effectively can improve integrated level, reduce power consumption.
Design concept of the present invention is: as shown in Figure 2, utilize the dynamic change of the solid state mediums such as the direct piezo electric effect perception glass of piezoelectric, realize mechanical oscillation signal acquisition function, inverse piezoelectric effect is utilized to convert electrical signals to the mechanical signal of the solid state medium vibrations such as glass, realize the active vibration function of solid state medium, the Oscillation Amplitude that active vibration and noise cause is equal, phase place is contrary, the vibration that effective counteracting noise causes when passing glass medium, thus effectively reduce room noise intensity, improve environmental amenity.
Below technical scheme of the present invention is described.
Noise impedance silene system involving vibrations acquisition module, signal processing module, active vibration module, vibrational feedback module, software module for glass of the present invention.Introduced respectively below.
1. vibration acquisition module
Described vibration acquisition module, comprises piezoelectric patches, amplifying circuit, booster circuit and A/D oversampling converter.Described piezoelectric patches acquisition noise is at the preliminary mechanical vibration signal of the solid state medium vibrations such as glass, and be electric signal by amplification, sample conversion, serial input is in signal processing module.
2. signal processing module
Described signal processing module is used for the treatment and analysis to the electric signal that vibration acquisition module exports, and produces the secondary drive signal that size is identical, phase place is contrary, and described secondary drive signal outputs to active vibration module.Signal processing module adopts arm processor, and the top layer control algolithm of ACTIVE CONTROL adopts pid control algorithm, and underlying algorithm is auto adapted filtering least-mean-square error algorithm (LMS).
Pid control algorithm is not high to system modelling accuracy requirement, carries out the determination of pid control parameter mainly through experiment, the realization of native system has operand little, be easy to realize and the advantage such as debugging.
For accelerating system convergence speed and requirement of real time, the present invention adopts LMS algorithm to set up adaptive control system.LMS algorithm utilizes the coefficient carrying out Automatic adjusument wave filter with the preliminary mechanical vibration signal of secondary drive signal correction and error signal, provide control signal in good time, after D/A conversion, become secondary drive signal, after the vibration signal at glass medium place is superposed, reach the minimum object realizing noise noise reduction.LMS algorithm has the advantages that to calculate simply and be easy to realize.
LMS adaptive noise controls to generally comprise 2 basic processes: filtering and filter parameter adjustment process.These two processes form 1 feedback loop.Although FIR and IIR structure may be used to sef-adapting filter, because the stability of IIR is more weak, in the present embodiment, adopt FIR wave filter as controller, LMS filtering algorithm regulates the coefficient of wave filter.The adaptive control system of FIR wave filter and LMS filtering algorithm as shown in Figure 3.Wherein, x (n) is elementary vibration input signal, and y (n) is secondary drive signal, and w (n) is tap weights vector, and e (n) is for wave filter is in the evaluated error in n moment.
3. ACTIVE CONTROL module
Secondary drive signal is converted to the mechanical vibration (hereinafter referred to as secondary mechanical vibration) of piezoelectric patches by described ACTIVE CONTROL module.ACTIVE CONTROL module receives secondary drive signal, the solid state mediums such as glass are acted on by the back setting effect of piezoelectric patches, secondary mechanical vibration is equal with preliminary mechanical Oscillation Amplitude, phase place is contrary, the amplitude of even stress release treatment vibration can be reduced, thus make the noise reduction by solid state mediums such as glass.
4. vibrational feedback module
This module belongs to preferred version, for monitoring the resulting vibration situation of the solid state medium vibrations such as glass, signal processing module is fed back, according to the error signal regulating device after superposition, drive active vibration module, form the compensation vibration to original noise and vibration, reduce the resulting vibration effect of the solid state mediums such as glass further.
5. software module
Described software module mainly comprises two parts: primary control program and interrupt service routine.Wherein, primary control program comprises piezoelectric patches vibration signals collecting program, A/D conversion input and the generation of secondary drive signal; Interrupt service routine for obtain the conversion of preliminary mechanical vibration signal electric signal, based on the auto adapted filtering coefficient adjustment of LMS algorithm and output feedack conditioning signal to signal processing module, to revise the output of its secondary drive singal, drive ACTIVE CONTROL module, reduce the noise and vibration of glass further.
Wherein, described primary control program execution sequence is as follows:
Step one: carry out system initialization, comprises A/D oversampling converter, D/A converter, arm processor;
Step 2: A/D oversampling converter receives the preliminary mechanical vibration signal of piezoelectric patches collection and changes, the pending data processing such as signal processing module;
Step 3: judge whether A/D conversion terminates, if do not terminate, continues to receive and conversion preliminary mechanical vibration signal data, otherwise carries out next step;
Step 4: enter interrupt service routine;
Step 5: interrupt service routine is disposed, signal processing module exports secondary drive signal.
Described interrupt service routine execution sequence is as follows:
Step one: preserve the electric signal of preliminary mechanical vibration signal after A/D conversion;
Step 2: calculate secondary drive signal y (n) based on LMS algorithm, auto adapted filtering regulates, residual error signal e (n) value obtained after reducing vibration damping noise reduction;
Step 3: jump out interruption, returns primary control program.
Conveniently understand further, below in conjunction with Fig. 4, the method for work of system of the present invention is carried out to the explanation of a step.
Step one: the preliminary mechanical vibration signal of piezoelectric patches acquisition noise by producing during glass of vibration acquisition module, this signal is the shift simulation signal of glass, and by amplifying, A/D sample conversion is output to signal processing module after electric signal;
Step 2: signal processing module produces a secondary drive signal contrary with electric signal equal and opposite in direction, the direction of input;
Step 3: ACTIVE CONTROL module receives secondary drive signal, be converted to secondary mechanical vibration by piezoelectric patches, act on glass, secondary mechanical vibration is equal with preliminary mechanical Oscillation Amplitude, phase place is contrary;
Step 4: the resulting vibration situation of vibrational feedback module monitors glass, by interrupt service routine to signal processing module output feedack conditioning signal, revises the output of its secondary drive singal, drives ACTIVE CONTROL module, reduces the noise and vibration of glass further.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
(1) the present invention is directed to the minimum medium-glass of sound transmission damping in the environment such as residential houses and office space to carry out active noise controlling, realize the effect reducing room noise intensity;
(2) the present invention adopts piezoelectric to realize active noise design of muffler, effectively can reduce Middle and low frequency noise, especially to the noise of larger below the 1kHz of body effect, the frequency range optimizing noise can realize well complementation with traditional passive noise control method.
(3) the present invention utilizes vibration superposition on glass medium, thus reach the effect reducing noise, spatially adopt multiple secondary sound source to carry out the method superposed in sound field relative to existing ACTIVE CONTROL, have and realize the advantages such as difficulty is low, simple to operate, control is convenient.
Claims (7)
1. for a noise impedance silene system for glass, it is characterized in that, comprise vibration acquisition module, signal processing module, active vibration module, run the software module having primary control program and interrupt service routine;
Described vibration acquisition module comprises piezoelectric patches, A/D oversampling converter, the preliminary mechanical vibration signal of described vibration acquisition module for being produced on glass by piezoelectric patches acquisition noise, by amplifying, sample conversion is output in signal processing module after electric signal;
Described signal processing module is used for carrying out treatment and analysis to the electric signal of input, and it is identical to produce size, and the secondary drive signal that phase place is contrary outputs to ACTIVE CONTROL module;
Described ACTIVE CONTROL module is used for producing secondary mechanical vibration by piezoelectric patches after reception secondary drive signal, and act on glass, secondary mechanical vibration is contrary with preliminary mechanical vibration phase;
Described primary control program gathers A/D conversion, the generation of secondary drive signal of preliminary mechanical vibration signal and signal for controlling piezoelectric patches;
Interrupt service routine is for obtaining electric signal and the auto adapted filtering coefficient adjustment of the conversion of preliminary mechanical vibration signal.
2. as claimed in claim 1 for the noise impedance silene system of glass, it is characterized in that, also involving vibrations feedback module, described vibrational feedback module is used for the resulting vibration situation by monitoring glass, by interrupt service routine to signal processing module output feedack conditioning signal, revise the output of its secondary drive singal, drive ACTIVE CONTROL module, reduce the noise and vibration of glass further.
3. as claimed in claim 1 or 2 for the noise impedance silene system of glass, it is characterized in that, the top layer control algolithm of described signal processing module adopts pid control algorithm.
4. as claimed in claim 1 or 2 for the noise impedance silene system of glass, it is characterized in that, the underlying algorithm of described signal processing module adopts auto adapted filtering least-mean-square error algorithm, auto adapted filtering least-mean-square error algorithm utilizes preliminary mechanical vibration signal and error signal to carry out the coefficient of Automatic adjusument wave filter, provide control signal in good time, after D/A conversion, become secondary drive signal.
5. as claimed in claim 1 or 2 for the noise impedance silene system of glass, it is characterized in that, it is as follows that described primary control program performs step:
Step one: carry out system initialization;
Step 2: A/D oversampling converter receives the preliminary mechanical vibration signal of piezoelectric patches collection and changes, the pending data processing such as signal processing module;
Step 3: judge whether A/D conversion terminates, if do not terminate, continues to receive and conversion preliminary mechanical vibration signal data, otherwise carries out next step;
Step 4: enter interrupt service routine;
Step 5: interrupt service routine is disposed, signal processing module exports secondary drive signal;
It is as follows that described interrupt service routine performs step:
Step one: preserve the electric signal of preliminary mechanical vibration signal after A/D conversion;
Step 2: signal processing module adopts auto adapted filtering least-mean-square error algorithm to calculate secondary drive signal, and auto adapted filtering regulates, the residual error signal value obtained after reducing vibration damping noise reduction;
Step 3: jump out interruption, returns primary control program.
6., as claimed in claim 2 for the method for work of the noise impedance silene system of glass, it is characterized in that, comprise the following step:
Step one: the preliminary mechanical vibration signal of piezoelectric patches acquisition noise by producing during glass of vibration acquisition module, by amplifying, A/D sample conversion is output to signal processing module after electric signal;
Step 2: signal processing module produce one with input electric signal equal and opposite in direction, the secondary drive signal that direction is contrary;
Step 3: ACTIVE CONTROL module receives secondary drive signal, be converted to the secondary mechanical vibration of glass by piezoelectric patches, secondary mechanical vibration is equal with preliminary mechanical Oscillation Amplitude, phase place is contrary.
7. as claimed in claim 6 for the method for work of the noise impedance silene system of glass, it is characterized in that, also comprise step 4: the resulting vibration situation of vibrational feedback module monitors glass, by interrupt service routine to signal processing module output feedack conditioning signal, revise the output of its secondary drive singal, drive ACTIVE CONTROL module, reduce the noise and vibration of glass further.
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| CN113670138A (en) * | 2021-07-23 | 2021-11-19 | 河北汉光重工有限责任公司 | Foldable rudder capable of monitoring and optimizing flutter phenomenon |
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Application publication date: 20150422 |