CN1045314C

CN1045314C - Workpiece quenching process and device

Info

Publication number: CN1045314C
Application number: CN95191933A
Authority: CN
Inventors: G·迪施; D·哈格
Original assignee: AICHELIN GmbH
Current assignee: AICHELIN GmbH; Aichelin GmbH Germany
Priority date: 1994-01-18
Filing date: 1995-01-11
Publication date: 1999-09-29
Anticipated expiration: 2015-01-11
Also published as: ES2118560T3; BR9506525A; DE59501913D1; WO1995019453A1; EP0739426A1; CN1143392A; ATE165119T1; EP0739426B1

Abstract

A process and device are disclosed for quenching workpieces (18). The workpieces (18) are exposed to a flow (26) of quenchant (12). The workpieces (18) and the quenchant (12) are reversibly moved in relation to each other. For that purpose, a first conveyor for the quenchant (12), in particular a pump (44), and a second conveyor, in particular a roller conveyor with transport rollers (16) for the workpieces (18), are designed with reversible transport directions.

Description

The quenching method of workpiece and device

The present invention relates to the quenching method of workpiece, workpiece stands the quenching medium logistics in this method, and this logistics is controlled so as to reversible.

The invention still further relates to the device that is used for the workpiece quenching, workpiece stands the quenching medium logistics in this device, wherein uses first means of conveyance, pump preferably, be used for quenching medium, and be used for workpiece with second means of conveyance, wherein first means of conveyance is a reversible on its delivery direction.

Existent method and device are disclosed in DE-AS 21 43 536.

Be used for the conventional apparatus that workpiece quenches, as being disclosed among the DE-PS 42 18 126, workpiece passes through quenching device on the roller-way (Rollenbahn) of a tangential movement.Passing through on the path of quenching device, workpiece is impacted with the quenching medium admission by the bottom in an assembly that constitutes by spring (Quelltopf) mode, quenching medium with liquid form by following flow in abundance to workpiece, flow through the space between the workpiece, then upwards or side stream open.In order to reach this purpose, need set up a corresponding pumping unit, it makes liquid quenching agent logistics be flowed into by the bottom becomes possibility.

Known a kind of being used for reaches even refrigerative device at quenching tank among the DE-AS 21 43 536 that mentions from the outset.This known devices comprises a container that has cooling liqs.Conveying belt is installed in quenching tank, and this conveying belt has some holes.Workpiece through carrying groove to arrive conveying belt, transmits under the influence of gravity there at first in the horizontal direction, then through an elevated areas, upwards comes out to be transported to the output terminal point by quenching tank obliquely.

The propeller that has rotatable blade has been installed in quenching tank.This propeller is controlled by a timing relay, makes the turning direction of propeller blade change once for example per 5 seconds.Thus, the flow direction of cooling fluid logistics also all changes each time thereupon, and logistics makes cooling liqs will alternately flow through conveying belt from top to bottom and from bottom to top vertically by conveying belt like this.

The shortcoming of known devices is, only Da Kong conveying belt is just made uniform motion in a direction, and its result causes a tangible shade to form (Schattenbildung).Therefore, flow through unevenly, cover yet the part of workpiece is transferred with going up the dividing plate that exists although need the refrigerative workpiece to have in vertical direction reversible cooling logistics.This causes occurring on the workpiece metamorphism (Verzugs-erscheinung), and this phenomenon in numerous workpiece is can not be received.

Therefore basic task of the present invention is, continues the method and apparatus of the described form of development beginning towards certain purpose, thereby can further improve quenching effect and workpiece can be tilted towards no distortion aspect.

This task will be according to the present invention solve like this by the said method of beginning, even workpiece crosscut logistics on a roller-way that has roller (Roll) reversibly turns round.

Basic task of the present invention will solve like this according to the described device of beginning, even second delivery means reversibly turns round workpiece crosscut logistics and comprise a roller-way that has roller.

Basic task of the present invention will perfectly be solved in this way.

Be different from DE-AS 21 43 536 documents device be, the shade on workpiece forms and can be avoided like this and fully, promptly refrigerant reciprocal movement and workpiece reciprocal movement in the horizontal direction in vertical direction is piled up.Add workpiece and be positioned on the roller-way, and workpiece only is wire or point-like contact on roller-way.Therefore workpiece is rinsed in a dual back and forth movement, wherein based on the contact of the minimum of workpiece on roller-way, shadow effects (Schattenwirkung) will not occur on workpiece.In such a way, can reach a close especially contact between workpiece and the quenching medium, thereby all sites of workpiece reaches in a time the shortest all and the contacting of quenching medium.

In experiment, show, adopt this method can improve the no deformability of quenching effect and workpiece.

Can continue to improve quenching effect and no deformability by laxative remedy by one embodiment of the invention, promptly roller has necking section (Einschn ü rung), and thus and thus, workpiece just is placed on the ridge (Schneide) of roller rotation.Therefore workpiece is the point-like touch roll.

In such a way, compare with traditional device, workpiece reaches a quenching effect preferably holding up the position.The no deformability of workpiece is further enhanced thus.

In the preferred form of the method for the invention, quenching medium is a kind of liquid or a kind of mixture of being made up of liquids and gases.Wherein, gas can be air or a kind of rare gas element.Under latter event, can avoid the change of workpiece surface character.

Liquid is water preferably.Yet also can be other normal quenching liquid.The particularly preferred rust-preventive agent that is to use is because can prevent that in this way the workpiece surface of heat is oxidized immediately.

If adopt the mixture of liquid and water, preferably, when gas velocity was 10 to 30 meters of p.s.s, the liquid component of control mixture was long-pending at every square metre of workpiece surface of 1-250 Liter Per Minute.

In the experiment of carrying out with method of the present invention and device of the present invention, show that quenching effect can improve at all.In addition, it should be noted that workpiece can have minimum distortion and quenched.This point particularly important, for specific workpiece, such as rolling bearing, because for rolling bearing, best deformation result has a direct and considerable economic.So the present invention can be used for this class workpiece with the excellent form of spy.

Other example is drawn by figure and additional instruction.

Certainly, the feature that foregoing and back also will be set forth not only can be used with the array configuration of each regulation under the condition of not leaving the scope of the invention, and can use or use with independent situation with other array configuration.

Embodiments of the invention are depicted as synoptic diagram, and further set forth in the explanation below.

Fig. 1: the schematic side view of first embodiment of device of the present invention;

Fig. 2: the front elevation of Fig. 1 device;

Fig. 3: second embodiment of device of the present invention;

Fig. 4: the details that is used for a roller of Fig. 1 to 3 device.

In Fig. 1, first embodiment that is used for the workpiece quenching device of the present invention totally represents with 10.Quenching device 10 is connected through a narrow stove exit two-phase with a placed in-line quenching furnance 20.

Quenching device 10 has the quenching box 11 of a sealing, and the Lower Half of case constitutes quenching tank 14.Have a quenching bath in quenching tank 14, it has the quenching medium 12 of oil bath, water-bath or salt form bath.

Transmitting device 15 is cross-section to be moved through quenching boxes 11, and it constitutes the form of the roller-way 16 of band roller.Roller-way 16 comes out from stove 20 by horizontal direction, and through stove exit 22, cross-section process quenching box 11 advances, and extends to the exit portion 19 beyond the quenching box 11.The roller 16 of transmitting device 15 is as the support of metal works 18.

In the centre of quenching box 11, one of installation is all with 15 pipelines of representing below transmitting device 15, and it has a pipeline section that is open upwards 24.Pipeline section 24 to it top expansion and directly lead to roller 16 below.Workpiece 18 is positioned at quenching position shown in Figure 1, on the space that is surrounded by the pipeline section 24 that is open upwards.This pipeline section that is open upwards 24 with the form of correspondingly configured framework 34 extend to roller 16 above, framework 34 has the valve that the side is closed.Framework 34 is open upwards.Framework 34 is connected with outer cover 32 through vertical supporter 35, and outer cover is surrounded framework 34 from the outside, and outer cover is with the go directly roller 16 of transmitting device 15 of its lower end.Framework 34 can be in movement in vertical direction through lifting gear 46 with outer cover 32.

Fig. 1 draw in form, workpiece 18 is being placed on the roller-way on the predetermined quenching position, and is surrounded by framework 34, framework is avaled on the immobilized roller-way by top.After this quenching process just can begin.

So far, at first along the direction of arrow 26, from up pumping below by the pipeline section 24 that is open upwards, workpiece 18 is flooded by quenching medium 12 from following hardening liquid like this.Quenching medium 12 is framework 34 inner risings, and the wall of process framework 34 outwards flows out from the side then, and gets back to downwards in the quenching bath 12 again in the scope of being surrounded by outer cover 32.In Fig. 1, quenching process does not also begin.The horizontal plane 48 of the liquid of quenching medium 12 also be in this case roller-way below, and the horizontal plane in pipeline 25 inside and outside is equally high.

What draw among Fig. 2 is, quenching medium 12 has risen on the roller 16 in pipeline section 24 inside that are open upwards, and place work piece 18 on roller.

It can also be seen that from Fig. 2 the pipeline section 24 that is open upwards dwindles gradually at its lower part downwards, and lead to the pressure connection tube 36 of level trend, the other end of this pressure connection tube and one are axial, and the open tail pipe 42 that makes progress is connected.Pumping unit 44 is preestablished in the top of tail pipe 42, and pump has an impeller 43 and extend in the tail pipe 42.

So far described so far device 10 is equivalent to start the state of the art of the DE-PS 42 18 126 that is mentioned.

Pumping unit 44 has following character, and impeller 43 can be done motion in the other direction, as arrow 45 is represented.Based on this, make the logistics (four-headed arrow 26) that to regulate quenching medium 12 with device of the present invention make reciprocal movement, thereby fluid column arrived in the pipeline section 24 that is open upwards that this fluid column oscillatorily moves up and down.

This is indicated like this in Fig. 2: on workpiece 18, one side of something is represented lower liquid level with 48 on a left side, and right half of with 48 " the higher liquid level of expression.48 ' and 48 " fluid column vibrates in pipeline section 24 between this ultimate value, as representing with other arrow 49.

Workpiece 18 is by this way by cleaning down.

Another characteristics of device 10 show in Fig. 1.There, represent a four-headed arrow with 55, be intended to illustrate that with this four-headed arrow workpiece 18 not only moves along the feedstock direction of having stipulated 27 on roller 16, and can make reciprocal movement equally.Roller-way is controlled for this reason like this, makes workpiece 18 motion that moves forward and backward to Fast transforms on the position of Fig. 1.In Fig. 1, these mode of motion with dashed lines 18 expressions.

In addition, can (not draw) yet and allow roller-way 16, so that obtain relative movement with respect to quenching medium 12 logistics 26 along vertical direction or perpendicular to Fig. 1 picture direction reciprocal movement.Above-mentioned two kinds of possibilities can adopt the logistics 26 of reversible control quenching medium 12 on the one hand, and the motion 55 of reversible on the other hand control workpiece 18 can be used alternatingly not only, also can use simultaneously.

In Fig. 3, drawn an alternative embodiment of the invention.

Quenching device 100 comprises quenching box 111, and the roller-way 116 that has roller passes quenching box.Place work piece 118 on roller 116.

In this respect, the frontview of Fig. 3 is said the frontview of previously described first embodiment that is equivalent to Fig. 2 from meaning.Workpiece 118 represents that in Fig. 3 direction of motion is perpendicular to picture.

On roller 116 and below an

outer cover

160 and 161 are installed respectively, their uncovered truncation surface is limited in the scope that is close to roller 116, thereby on the other hand can be from both sides predetermined workpiece 118 charge packet be fenced up.

Outer cover 160,161 is connected with pipeline 165 and 166.

Gas blower

167 and 168 is installed in pipeline.Can suck air from the side by gas blower 167,168, as representing with arrow 169,170.

To the place of outer cover 160,161 transition, fluid conduits 175,176 feeds in the outer cover 160,161 from the top at pipeline 165,166.This occurs with shower nozzle 177,178 forms of installing at this place.

Can import liquid through fluid conduits 175,176, as representing with arrow 179,180.

If input liquid (179,180) also sucks air (169,170), then in pipeline 165,166, form airflow, as representing with arrow 185,186.Airflow in shower nozzle 177,178 scopes with the liquid mixing of input, thereby make the mixture 190 formed by air and liquid and 191 by last reach by under spray or be ejected on the workpiece 118.

By alternately controlling gas blower 167,168 and shower nozzle 177,178, workpiece 118 can alternately be impacted with

mixture

190 and 191 air inlets by top reaching by following.

Self-evident, under this kind situation, also can pass through roller 116 corresponding reciprocal movement, drive workpiece 118 motion equally, as described in first embodiment in front.

In the embodiments of figure 3, preferably make water, wherein in water, also can add rust-preventive agent or replace water with rust-preventive agent fully as liquid.

Except using as gas, also can feed rare gas element by gas blower 167,168 with air.

Preferred control condition is that when gas velocity was 10 to 30 meter per seconds, the content liquid that mixture 190,191 has was long-pending at the every square meter workpiece surface of 1-250 Liter Per Minute.

Last Fig. 4 also shows the structure singularity that employed

roller

16 and 116 has.

Roller 16,116 has the necking section 80 of rotation, disposes the ridge (Schneide) 81 of rotation between them.If workpiece 18,118 is placed on the roller 16,116, its contact is the point-like contact, because ridge 81 has only the possibility of a contour as contact.

Quenching device 10,100 can move with usual way in addition.So far the furnace charge that is heated to quenching temperature is with quickening shelves (Schnellgang) through quenching device 10,100.Embodiment having thus described the invention, quenching medium 12 are vibrating and are extending along wanting refrigerative workpiece 18,118.Alternately or side by side allow workpiece 18,118 reciprocal movement on roller-way.By the vibratory movement of quenching medium 12 and workpiece 18,118, the best deformation result of workpiece 18,118 can reach.

In the embodiments of figure 3, described oscillation effect will reach via water-air mixture 190,191, and the mixture alternative is reached by following input by top.Also can set in advance the reciprocal movement of workpiece 118 here.

Also the quenching emulsion can be sprayed into airflow to replace water.Can in water, mix rust-preventive agent in addition, so that in back to back discharging process, prevent that workpiece from getting rusty.

When using the quenching emulsifying agent, (Leiden-Frost-Temperatur) (the Leiden Fu Luosite temperature) of disintegrating of steam film might be to higher temperature passing.When the evaporation of the noresidue of subsequently emulsion, can save other usual cleaning process equally.

As required, also can use habitual shielding gas to replace air here, so that prevent just in case the surface oxidation reaction that takes place.Process of cooling can be regulated cooling intensity according to workpiece material and size in all cases, thereby can control the powerful temperature difference of and lowest temperature scope generation for example inevitably inner at workpiece with balance.

In a word, provided the prerequisite of the quenching of not having distortion more fully that is useful in this way.

Claims

1. workpiece (18; 118) quenching method, wherein workpiece (18; 118) stand quenching medium (12) logistics (26; 190,191), and logistics (26; 190,191) be adjusted to reversible, it is characterized in that workpiece (18; 118) has roller (16; 116) crosscut logistics (26 on the roller-way; 190,191) reciprocal movement.

2. by the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that logistics (26; 190,191) be controlled in vertical direction, and workpiece (18; 118) be arranged on the horizontal plane.

3. by the method for claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that quenching medium (12) is a kind of liquid.

4. by the method for claim 3, it is characterized in that liquid (179,180) is water.

5. by the method for claim 3, it is characterized in that liquid (179,180) contains rust-preventive agent.

6. by the method for claim 3, it is characterized in that having sneaked in the liquid a kind of gas (169,170).

7. by the described method of claim 6, it is characterized in that gas (169,170) is air or a kind of rare gas element.

8. by the method for claim 6, it is characterized in that mixture flow (190,191) is adjusted to when gas velocity is 10 to 30 meters of p.s.s, has the liquid component of 1 to 250 liter of every square metre of workpiece surface of per minute.

9. by the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that workpiece (18; 118) contact type contact form (81) is placed on the roller-way.

10. be used for workpiece (18; 118) device of Cui Huoing, workpiece (18 in this device; 118) stand a kind of quenching medium (12) logistics (26; 190,191), be used for quenching medium (12) with first delivery means, and be used for workpiece (18) with second delivery means, wherein first delivery means is a reversible in its transmission direction (26), it is characterized in that second delivery means makes workpiece (18; 118) crosscut logistics (26; 190,191) reciprocal movement and comprise having roller (16; 116) roller-way.

11. the device by claim 10 is characterized in that first delivery means is a pump (44; 167,168,175,176).

12., it is characterized in that roller (16 by claim 10 or 11 described devices; 116) have necking section (Einschn ü rung), like this, workpiece (18; 118) only drop on roller (16; 116) on Xuan Zhuan the ridge (Schneide) (81).