CN104525601A - Vertical mechanical vibrating hydraulic extruder - Google Patents
Vertical mechanical vibrating hydraulic extruder Download PDFInfo
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- CN104525601A CN104525601A CN201410782145.1A CN201410782145A CN104525601A CN 104525601 A CN104525601 A CN 104525601A CN 201410782145 A CN201410782145 A CN 201410782145A CN 104525601 A CN104525601 A CN 104525601A
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- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims 1
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- 230000003245 working effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 24
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 20
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000000641 cold extrusion Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
一种立式机械振动液压挤压机，包括四根立柱，四根立柱两端分别与上横梁和底座连接，第一液压缸固定于上横梁上，其活塞杆端部通过第一滑块与第一滑轨配合，第二液压缸固定在第一滑块的下部，模具连接在第二液压缸的下部，振动机构固定于底座内部，并与工作台的底部连接，夹紧机构安装于工作台上部，工作台连接的第二滑块与第二滑轨配合，第二滑轨连接在底座上，夹紧机构夹紧工件，振动机构带动工作台振动，本发明将轴向进给与振动过程相分离，方便控制；简化了液压缸的结构，降低了液压缸的密封要求；整体结构紧凑，挤压过程更加稳定可靠。
A vertical mechanical vibration hydraulic extrusion machine, including four columns, the two ends of the four columns are respectively connected with the upper beam and the base, the first hydraulic cylinder is fixed on the upper beam, and the end of the piston rod passes through the first slider and the The first slide rail is matched, the second hydraulic cylinder is fixed on the lower part of the first slider, the mold is connected to the lower part of the second hydraulic cylinder, the vibration mechanism is fixed inside the base and connected to the bottom of the workbench, and the clamping mechanism is installed on the workbench On the upper part of the table, the second slider connected to the workbench cooperates with the second slide rail, the second slide rail is connected to the base, the clamping mechanism clamps the workpiece, and the vibration mechanism drives the workbench to vibrate. The present invention combines axial feed and vibration The process phase is separated, which is convenient to control; the structure of the hydraulic cylinder is simplified, and the sealing requirements of the hydraulic cylinder are reduced; the overall structure is compact, and the extrusion process is more stable and reliable.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于机械成型设备压力机技术领域，具体涉及一种立式机械振动液压挤压机。The invention belongs to the technical field of mechanical forming equipment presses, and in particular relates to a vertical mechanical vibration hydraulic extrusion machine.
背景技术Background technique
冷挤压成型是一种精密塑性体积成形技术。冷挤压是指在冷态下将金属毛坯放入模具内或夹紧机构中，在强大的压力和一定的速度作用下，使工件毛坯在模具型腔内成型，从而获得所需尺寸、力学性能的挤压件。冷挤压加工是通过模具控制金属流动，从而实现金属体积的大量转移来成型零件的。冷挤压成型如今已在紧固件、机械、仪表、电器、轻工、宇航、船舶、军工等工业部门中得到较为广泛的应用，已成为金属塑性体积成型技术中不可缺少的重要加工手段之一。但是传统的直接挤压技术对模具要求高。由于冷挤压时毛坯在模具中受三向压应力而使变形抗力显著增大，模具所受的应力远比一般冲压模大。得到的零件塑性和冲击韧性变差，零件的残余应力大导致零件变形和耐腐蚀性的降低。而且直接挤压成型难以控制加工精度，废品率高。为了克服冷挤压成型过程中的种种问题，国外学者提出了振动挤压方法。这种工艺方法是在常规的前进运动之上叠加一个振动。通过振动过程可显著减小成型作用力。振动挤压工艺具有成型效率高、成型载荷小、模具寿命长的特点。为了实现这种加工工艺方法，我国一些工厂对振动液压挤压机进行了一些研制，但多为卧式振动挤压机，占地较大且加工对中性随着机床的使用也会受到影响。对中性差将导致轴向成型力增大，成型工件尺寸精度难以保证。而且国内外现今的振动挤压机多为纯液压机，依靠伺服振动缸同时完成模具进给与振动挤压的功能。这种纯液压的挤压机其振动进给由电磁阀完成，控制精度较低且存在一定的延迟。由于液压机采用统一泵站进行液压供给，这使得液压缸轴向进给的速度对振动控制产生影响，存在振动不能单独控制的缺点。Cold extrusion molding is a precision plastic volume forming technology. Cold extrusion refers to putting the metal blank into the mold or the clamping mechanism in a cold state, and under the action of strong pressure and a certain speed, the workpiece blank is formed in the mold cavity, so as to obtain the required size and mechanical strength. performance extrusions. Cold extrusion processing is to control the flow of metal through the mold, so as to realize the large transfer of metal volume to form parts. Cold extrusion molding has been widely used in fasteners, machinery, instruments, electrical appliances, light industry, aerospace, shipbuilding, military and other industrial sectors, and has become one of the indispensable and important processing methods in metal plastic volume forming technology. one. However, the traditional direct extrusion technology has high requirements on the mold. Since the blank is subjected to three-dimensional compressive stress in the mold during cold extrusion, the deformation resistance is significantly increased, and the stress on the mold is much greater than that of ordinary stamping dies. The plasticity and impact toughness of the obtained parts become poor, and the residual stress of the parts is large, which leads to the reduction of deformation and corrosion resistance of the parts. Moreover, direct extrusion molding is difficult to control the processing accuracy, and the reject rate is high. In order to overcome various problems in the process of cold extrusion, foreign scholars have proposed a vibration extrusion method. The process method is to superimpose a vibration on top of the normal forward motion. Forming forces are significantly reduced by the vibration process. The vibration extrusion process has the characteristics of high forming efficiency, small forming load and long mold life. In order to realize this kind of processing method, some factories in our country have carried out some research and development on vibrating hydraulic extrusion machines, but most of them are horizontal vibrating extrusion machines, which occupy a large area and the neutrality of processing will also be affected with the use of machine tools. . Poor alignment will lead to increased axial forming force, and it is difficult to guarantee the dimensional accuracy of the formed workpiece. Moreover, most of the current vibrating extrusion machines at home and abroad are pure hydraulic machines, relying on servo vibrating cylinders to simultaneously complete the functions of die feeding and vibrating extrusion. The vibration feed of this purely hydraulic extruder is completed by a solenoid valve, and the control precision is low and there is a certain delay. Since the hydraulic press adopts a unified pump station for hydraulic supply, the axial feed speed of the hydraulic cylinder has an impact on the vibration control, and there is a disadvantage that the vibration cannot be controlled separately.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了克服上述现有技术的缺点，本发明的目的在于提供一种立式机械振动液压挤压机，将轴向进给与振动过程相分离，方便控制；简化了液压缸的结构，降低了液压缸的密封要求；整体结构紧凑，挤压过程更加稳定可靠。In order to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a vertical mechanical vibration hydraulic extrusion machine, which separates the axial feed from the vibration process and facilitates the control; simplifies the structure of the hydraulic cylinder and reduces the hydraulic pressure The sealing requirements of the cylinder; the overall structure is compact, and the extrusion process is more stable and reliable.
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案为：In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:
一种立式机械振动液压挤压机，包括四根立柱4，四根立柱4两端分别与上横梁3和底座13连接，第一液压缸1固定于上横梁3上，第一液压缸1的第一活塞杆2端部与第一滑块6的上部连接，第一滑块6的侧面与第一滑轨9配合，第一滑轨9固定于立柱固定套5上，立柱4安装于立柱固定套5内，第二液压缸7固定在第一滑块6的下部，模具8连接在第二液压缸7的下部，振动机构12固定于底座13内部，并与工作台11的底部连接，夹紧机构10安装于工作台11上部，工作台11侧面连接有第二滑块38，第二滑块38与第二滑轨37配合，第二滑轨37连接在底座13上。A vertical mechanical vibration hydraulic extrusion machine, comprising four columns 4, the two ends of the four columns 4 are respectively connected with the upper beam 3 and the base 13, the first hydraulic cylinder 1 is fixed on the upper beam 3, the first hydraulic cylinder 1 The end of the first piston rod 2 is connected to the upper part of the first slider 6, the side of the first slider 6 is matched with the first slide rail 9, the first slide rail 9 is fixed on the column fixing sleeve 5, and the column 4 is installed on the In the column fixing sleeve 5, the second hydraulic cylinder 7 is fixed on the lower part of the first slider 6, the mold 8 is connected to the lower part of the second hydraulic cylinder 7, and the vibration mechanism 12 is fixed inside the base 13 and connected to the bottom of the workbench 11 , the clamping mechanism 10 is installed on the top of the workbench 11, the side of the workbench 11 is connected with a second slide block 38, the second slide block 38 cooperates with the second slide rail 37, and the second slide rail 37 is connected on the base 13.
所述的振动机构12包括两台伺服电机14，两台伺服电机14分别通过电机固定座15固定于底座13上，伺服电机14的输出轴连接有小带轮21，小带轮21通过皮带16和大带轮19连接，大带轮19安装在曲轴22上，曲轴22安装于振动固定座17上，两个连杆18的一端套在曲轴22上，连杆18的另一端通过销轴20连接在一起，工作台11的下部连接在销轴20上。Described vibration mechanism 12 comprises two servomotors 14, and two servomotors 14 are respectively fixed on the base 13 by motor holder 15, and the output shaft of servomotor 14 is connected with small pulley 21, and small pulley 21 passes belt 16 Connect with the large pulley 19, the large pulley 19 is installed on the crankshaft 22, the crankshaft 22 is installed on the vibration fixed seat 17, one end of the two connecting rods 18 is sleeved on the crankshaft 22, and the other end of the connecting rod 18 passes through the pin shaft 20 Connected together, the lower part of the workbench 11 is connected on the pin shaft 20 .
所述的夹紧机构10包括左右两个第一动楔块25，第一动楔块25的下部和拉紧缸27的拉紧活塞杆26连接，拉紧缸27固定于工作台11上，两个第一动楔块25相对的内斜面分别和两个第二动楔块24的外斜面配合，两个第二动楔块24相对的内凹面连接有四个夹具23，四个夹具23之间夹有工件，两个第二动楔块24连接在两个夹紧滑块29上，两个夹紧滑块29底部连接在夹紧滑轨28上，夹紧滑轨28固定于工作台11上，夹紧滑轨28的中部下面连接有顶块30，顶块30固定于工作台11上。The clamping mechanism 10 includes two left and right first moving wedges 25, the lower part of the first moving wedges 25 is connected with the tensioning piston rod 26 of the tensioning cylinder 27, and the tensioning cylinder 27 is fixed on the workbench 11, The opposite inner slopes of the two first moving wedges 25 are respectively matched with the outer slopes of the two second moving wedges 24, and the opposite inner concave surfaces of the two second moving wedges 24 are connected with four clamps 23, and the four clamps 23 The workpiece is clamped between them, and the two second movable wedges 24 are connected to the two clamping sliders 29, and the bottoms of the two clamping sliders 29 are connected to the clamping slide rail 28, and the clamping slide rail 28 is fixed on the working On the platform 11 , a top block 30 is connected to the lower part of the clamping slide rail 28 , and the top block 30 is fixed on the workbench 11 .
所述的第二液压缸7包括第二活塞杆33，第二活塞杆33通过活塞密封套32、液压缸密封环34密封于第二液压缸套31内部，模具固定圈35固定于液压缸密封环34上，顶杆36与第二活塞杆33螺纹连接，顶杆36用于顶住工件，氮气缸39安装于第二液压缸套31内部的上端，氮气缸39活塞杆下端连接隔膜40。The second hydraulic cylinder 7 includes a second piston rod 33, the second piston rod 33 is sealed inside the second hydraulic cylinder liner 31 through the piston seal sleeve 32 and the hydraulic cylinder seal ring 34, and the mold fixing ring 35 is fixed on the hydraulic cylinder seal. On the ring 34, the push rod 36 is threadedly connected with the second piston rod 33, the push rod 36 is used to withstand the workpiece, the nitrogen cylinder 39 is installed on the upper end of the second hydraulic cylinder liner 31, and the lower end of the nitrogen cylinder 39 piston rod is connected to the diaphragm 40.
所述的第一滑轨9与第一滑块6之间安装光栅尺位移传感器，所采集的信号反馈后用于控制第一液压缸1、第二液压缸7与伺服电机14。A grating scale displacement sensor is installed between the first slide rail 9 and the first slider 6 , and the collected signals are fed back to control the first hydraulic cylinder 1 , the second hydraulic cylinder 7 and the servo motor 14 .
所述的两台伺服电机14同步工作，调节伺服电机转速以控制工作台11的振动频率。The two servo motors 14 work synchronously, and the rotation speed of the servo motors is adjusted to control the vibration frequency of the workbench 11 .
本发明具有以下优点：The present invention has the following advantages:
一、采用两个伺服电机14带动振动机构12实现挤压过程中的振动过程。与液压挤压机相比，这种振动方式将轴向进给与振动过程相分离，方便控制。利用机械结构实现振动使得尺寸控制更加精确，而且不受液压系统的影响。通过改变曲柄结构来更改振动频率与振幅。1. Two servo motors 14 are used to drive the vibration mechanism 12 to realize the vibration process in the extrusion process. Compared with the hydraulic extrusion machine, this vibration method separates the axial feed from the vibration process, which is convenient to control. Using the mechanical structure to achieve vibration makes the dimensional control more precise, and it is not affected by the hydraulic system. Change the vibration frequency and amplitude by changing the crank structure.
二、第二液压缸7安装于滑块6内部，第二液压缸7在工作过程中根据工件材料流动的需要来调节液压压力再进行保压。实现了顶杆36的工作路径与振动机构12的工作路径相配合，以此顶住工件。相比于卧式振动挤压机缩短了机身长度。顶杆36不再经过第一液压缸1，简化了液压缸1的结构，降低了液压缸1的密封要求。2. The second hydraulic cylinder 7 is installed inside the slide block 6. During the working process, the second hydraulic cylinder 7 adjusts the hydraulic pressure according to the flow requirements of the workpiece material and then maintains the pressure. The working path of the ejector rod 36 is matched with the working path of the vibrating mechanism 12 so as to withstand the workpiece. Compared with the horizontal vibrating extrusion machine, the length of the fuselage is shortened. The ejector rod 36 no longer passes through the first hydraulic cylinder 1 , which simplifies the structure of the hydraulic cylinder 1 and reduces the sealing requirements of the hydraulic cylinder 1 .
三、顶杆36前端可根据成型需要设计形状。当工件需要成型内螺纹时，顶杆设计成外螺纹形状，并安装于空心工件内部，挤压过程中材料即可根据顶杆形状进行流动从而成型内螺纹。当工件无需成型内部形状时，顶杆36顶在工件轴端，起到顶住工件并限制工件材料轴向流动的作用。3. The front end of the ejector rod 36 can be shaped according to the molding needs. When the workpiece needs to form an internal thread, the ejector rod is designed in the shape of an external thread and installed inside the hollow workpiece. During the extrusion process, the material can flow according to the shape of the ejector rod to form an internal thread. When the inner shape of the workpiece does not need to be formed, the ejector rod 36 bears on the axial end of the workpiece, which plays a role of supporting the workpiece and restricting the axial flow of the workpiece material.
四、夹紧机构10采用的楔块夹紧方式，夹具23可通过工件尺寸更换，夹紧通过拉紧27拉紧，使得装夹方便牢固。配合安装于底部的顶块30可使得挤压过程更加稳定可靠。4. The wedge clamping method adopted by the clamping mechanism 10, the clamp 23 can be replaced according to the size of the workpiece, and the clamping is tightened by the tension 27, so that the clamping is convenient and firm. Cooperating with the top block 30 installed at the bottom can make the extrusion process more stable and reliable.
五、第二液压缸7上安装有氮气缸39与隔膜40。二者可以用于缓冲第二液压缸7在工作过程中的振动。起到储存能量、消除冲击、渗漏补偿、紧急能源、传递和保持压力等作用。能够实现避免管路元件损坏，延长设备寿命，减少停工损失，稳定液压系统性能，减少能量损失和减少油液发热等多种功能。5. A nitrogen cylinder 39 and a diaphragm 40 are installed on the second hydraulic cylinder 7 . The two can be used to buffer the vibration of the second hydraulic cylinder 7 during the working process. It plays the role of storing energy, eliminating shock, leakage compensation, emergency energy, transmitting and maintaining pressure, etc. It can realize various functions such as avoiding damage to pipeline components, prolonging equipment life, reducing downtime loss, stabilizing hydraulic system performance, reducing energy loss and reducing oil heating.
六、立式机械振动液压挤压机采用立式机身，结构紧凑。机身对中性与卧式挤压机相比显著提高，并且不会出现随着机床的使用而产生机身下沉影响对中性的现象。6. The vertical mechanical vibration hydraulic extrusion machine adopts a vertical body with a compact structure. Compared with the horizontal extrusion machine, the alignment of the fuselage is significantly improved, and there will be no phenomenon that the sinking of the fuselage will affect the alignment with the use of the machine tool.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明整体机身的半剖视图。Fig. 1 is a half sectional view of the overall fuselage of the present invention.
图2是振动机构12的主视图。FIG. 2 is a front view of the vibration mechanism 12 .
图3是振动机构12的俯视图。FIG. 3 is a plan view of the vibration mechanism 12 .
图4是夹紧机构10的剖视图。FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the clamping mechanism 10 .
图5是第二液压缸7的剖视图。FIG. 5 is a sectional view of the second hydraulic cylinder 7 .
图6是第一液压缸1、第二液压缸7和工作台11的工作曲线。FIG. 6 is the working curves of the first hydraulic cylinder 1 , the second hydraulic cylinder 7 and the workbench 11 .
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明做详细描述。The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
参照图1，一种立式机械振动液压挤压机，包括四根立柱4，四根立柱4两端分别与上横梁3和底座13相连，第一液压缸1通过螺栓固定于上横梁3上，第一液压缸1的第一活塞杆2端部与第一滑块6的上部连接，第一滑块6的侧面与第一滑轨9配合，第一滑轨9固定于立柱固定套5上，立柱4安装于立柱固定套5内，第二液压缸7固定在第一滑块6的下部，模具8连接在第二液压缸7的下部，振动机构12固定于底座13内部，并与工作台11的底部连接，工作台11上进行打孔以省掉工作台三分之一的重量，夹紧机构10安装于工作台11上部，工作台11侧面连接有第二滑块38，第二滑块38与第二滑轨37配合，第二滑轨37连接在底座13上。Referring to Fig. 1, a vertical mechanical vibration hydraulic extrusion machine includes four columns 4, the two ends of the four columns 4 are respectively connected with the upper beam 3 and the base 13, and the first hydraulic cylinder 1 is fixed on the upper beam 3 by bolts , the end of the first piston rod 2 of the first hydraulic cylinder 1 is connected to the upper part of the first slider 6, the side of the first slider 6 cooperates with the first slide rail 9, and the first slide rail 9 is fixed to the column fixing sleeve 5 Above, the column 4 is installed in the column fixing sleeve 5, the second hydraulic cylinder 7 is fixed on the lower part of the first slider 6, the mold 8 is connected to the lower part of the second hydraulic cylinder 7, and the vibration mechanism 12 is fixed inside the base 13, and is connected with the The bottom of workbench 11 is connected, and punching is carried out on the workbench 11 to save the weight of workbench 1/3rd, and clamping mechanism 10 is installed on workbench 11 tops, and workbench 11 side is connected with second slide block 38, the second The second sliding block 38 cooperates with the second sliding rail 37 , and the second sliding rail 37 is connected to the base 13 .
参照图2和图3，所述的振动机构12包括两台伺服电机14，两台伺服电机14分别通过电机固定座15固定于底座13上，伺服电机14的输出轴连接有小带轮21，小带轮21通过皮带16和大带轮19连接，大带轮19安装在曲轴22上，曲轴22安装于振动固定座17上，连杆18的一端套在曲轴22上，两个连杆18的另一端通过销轴20连接在一起，工作台11的下部连接在销轴20上。With reference to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, described vibration mechanism 12 comprises two servo motors 14, and two servo motors 14 are respectively fixed on the base 13 by motor holder 15, and the output shaft of servo motor 14 is connected with small pulley 21, Small pulley 21 is connected with large pulley 19 by belt 16, and large pulley 19 is installed on the crankshaft 22, and crankshaft 22 is installed on the vibrating holder 17, and one end of connecting rod 18 is enclosed within on the crankshaft 22, two connecting rods 18 The other ends of the two are connected together by a pin shaft 20, and the bottom of the workbench 11 is connected on the pin shaft 20.
参照图4，所述的夹紧机构10包括左右两个第一动楔块25，第一动楔块25的下部和拉紧缸27的拉紧活塞杆26连接，拉紧缸27固定于工作台11上，两个第一动楔块25相对的内斜面分别和两个第二动楔块24的外斜面配合，两个第二动楔块24相对的内凹面连接有四个夹具23，四个夹具23之间夹有工件，夹具23可根据工件尺寸进行相应更换，两个第二动楔块24连接在两个夹紧滑块29上，两个夹紧滑块29底部连接在夹紧滑轨28上，夹紧滑轨28固定于工作台11上，夹紧滑轨28的中部下面连接有顶块30，顶块30固定于工作台11上。Referring to Fig. 4, the clamping mechanism 10 includes two first movable wedges 25 on the left and right, the lower part of the first movable wedge 25 is connected with the tightening piston rod 26 of the tightening cylinder 27, and the tightening cylinder 27 is fixed on the working On the platform 11, the opposite inner slopes of the two first movable wedges 25 are respectively matched with the outer slopes of the two second movable wedges 24, and the opposite inner concave surfaces of the two second movable wedges 24 are connected with four clamps 23, The workpiece is clamped between the four clamps 23, and the clamps 23 can be replaced according to the size of the workpiece. The two second movable wedges 24 are connected to the two clamping sliders 29, and the bottoms of the two clamping sliders 29 are connected to the clamp. On the clamping slide rail 28 , the clamping slide rail 28 is fixed on the workbench 11 , and the middle part of the clamping slide rail 28 is connected with a top block 30 below, and the top block 30 is fixed on the workbench 11 .
参照图5，所述的第二液压缸7包括第二活塞杆33，第二活塞杆33通过活塞密封套32、液压缸密封环34密封于第二液压缸套31内部，模具固定圈35固定于液压缸密封环34上，顶杆36与第二活塞杆33螺纹连接，顶杆36用于顶住工件，端部也可制作成外螺纹形状用于成型内螺纹工件，氮气缸39安装于第二液压缸套31内部的上端，氮气缸39活塞杆下端连接隔膜40。Referring to Fig. 5, the second hydraulic cylinder 7 includes a second piston rod 33, the second piston rod 33 is sealed inside the second hydraulic cylinder liner 31 through the piston seal sleeve 32 and the hydraulic cylinder seal ring 34, and the mold retaining ring 35 is fixed On the sealing ring 34 of the hydraulic cylinder, the ejector rod 36 is threadedly connected with the second piston rod 33. The ejector rod 36 is used to withstand the workpiece, and the end part can also be made into an external thread shape for forming an internal thread workpiece. The nitrogen cylinder 39 is installed on the The upper end inside the second hydraulic cylinder liner 31 and the lower end of the piston rod of the nitrogen cylinder 39 are connected to the diaphragm 40 .
所述的第一滑轨9与第一滑块6之间安装光栅尺位移传感器，所采集的信号反馈后用于控制第一液压缸1、第二液压缸7与伺服电机14。A grating scale displacement sensor is installed between the first slide rail 9 and the first slider 6 , and the collected signals are fed back to control the first hydraulic cylinder 1 , the second hydraulic cylinder 7 and the servo motor 14 .
所述的两台伺服电机14同步工作，调节伺服电机转速以控制工作台11的振动频率。The two servo motors 14 work synchronously, and the rotation speed of the servo motors is adjusted to control the vibration frequency of the workbench 11 .
本发明的工作原理为：Working principle of the present invention is:
开始工作时，工件由夹紧机构10夹紧定位，第一液压缸1开始工作，第一活塞杆2带动第一滑块6沿着第一滑轨9从上止点进给到工作初始位置，进给过程中由安装于第一滑块6与第一滑轨9之间的光栅尺位移传感器采集位移信号，采集的信号用于控制第一液压缸1的动作；第二液压缸7开始工作，顶杆36在第二活塞杆33的作用下伸出顶住工件；根据工件成型过程中所需的夹紧力进行设置第二液压缸7的液压数值，并在之后的成型过程中进行保压；两台伺服电机14同时开始工作，通过皮带16带动曲轴22与连杆18运动，从而带动工作台11上下移动，实现振动的功能；第一液压缸1同时进行进给，与机械振动机构协同完成振动挤压。When starting to work, the workpiece is clamped and positioned by the clamping mechanism 10, the first hydraulic cylinder 1 starts to work, and the first piston rod 2 drives the first slider 6 to feed from the top dead center to the initial working position along the first slide rail 9 , during the feeding process, the displacement signal is collected by the grating scale displacement sensor installed between the first slider 6 and the first slide rail 9, and the collected signal is used to control the action of the first hydraulic cylinder 1; the second hydraulic cylinder 7 starts work, the ejector rod 36 stretches out to withstand the workpiece under the action of the second piston rod 33; the hydraulic value of the second hydraulic cylinder 7 is set according to the clamping force required during the workpiece forming process, and is carried out in the subsequent forming process. Pressure maintenance; two servo motors 14 start working at the same time, drive the crankshaft 22 and connecting rod 18 to move through the belt 16, thereby driving the worktable 11 to move up and down, and realize the function of vibration; the first hydraulic cylinder 1 simultaneously feeds, and mechanical vibration The mechanism cooperates to complete the vibration extrusion.
成型过程中，第一液压缸1与第二液压缸7以及工作台11三者的振动满足图6所示的工作曲线，参照图6，在t1时间内，第一液压缸1向下进行进给，工作台11在振动机构12的作用下向上运动，第二液压缸7进行保压，第二活塞杆33随着工件与工作台11同步运动，起到顶住工件的作用，模具8对工件进行挤压成型；在t1-t2时间内，第一液压缸1停止进给，工作台11在振动机构12的作用下向下运动，工件与第二活塞杆33也随之向下运动，工件部分脱离模具8，释放部分应力，并为润滑油的进入提供空间，t2时间内构成一个工作周期，实现一次振动，第一液压缸1与第二液压缸7以及工作台11三者之后按此周期内的规律重复运动直至工件加工完成，通过调节伺服电机14转速可调节挤压过程中的频率，通过调节第一液压缸1的液压值来控制进给量。During the molding process, the vibrations of the first hydraulic cylinder 1, the second hydraulic cylinder 7 and the workbench 11 meet the working curve shown in Fig. 6. Referring to Fig. 6, within the time t1, the first hydraulic cylinder 1 moves downward. Here, the workbench 11 moves upward under the action of the vibration mechanism 12, the second hydraulic cylinder 7 maintains the pressure, and the second piston rod 33 moves synchronously with the workpiece and the workbench 11 to play the role of supporting the workpiece. The mold 8 pairs The workpiece is extruded; within the time t1-t2, the first hydraulic cylinder 1 stops feeding, the worktable 11 moves downward under the action of the vibration mechanism 12, and the workpiece and the second piston rod 33 also move downward accordingly. Part of the workpiece is separated from the mold 8, part of the stress is released, and a space is provided for the entry of lubricating oil. A working cycle is formed within t2, and a vibration is realized. The first hydraulic cylinder 1, the second hydraulic cylinder 7 and the workbench 11 are then pressed Regularly repeat the movement in this cycle until the workpiece is processed, the frequency in the extrusion process can be adjusted by adjusting the rotation speed of the servo motor 14, and the feed rate can be controlled by adjusting the hydraulic value of the first hydraulic cylinder 1.
振动挤压结束后，两台伺服电机14首先停止工作，第一液压缸1开始回程，第一活塞杆2带动第一滑块6沿着第一滑轨9返回到工作初始位置。第二液压缸7回程后，第一滑块6在第一液压缸1作用下回到上止点，夹紧机构10松开，工件加工完毕即可取出。After the vibration extrusion is finished, the two servo motors 14 first stop working, the first hydraulic cylinder 1 starts to return, and the first piston rod 2 drives the first slide block 6 to return to the initial working position along the first slide rail 9 . After the second hydraulic cylinder 7 returns, the first slider 6 returns to the top dead center under the action of the first hydraulic cylinder 1, the clamping mechanism 10 is released, and the workpiece can be taken out after processing.
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