CN104524994B - Ultrafiltration membrane and preparing method thereof - Google Patents
Ultrafiltration membrane and preparing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104524994B CN104524994B CN201510017580.XA CN201510017580A CN104524994B CN 104524994 B CN104524994 B CN 104524994B CN 201510017580 A CN201510017580 A CN 201510017580A CN 104524994 B CN104524994 B CN 104524994B
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Abstract
The invention provides an ultrafiltration membrane which comprises a base membrane body and a sulfomethylation polysulfone coating compounded on the base membrane body, wherein the base membrane body is a polysulfone membrane or a polyether sulfone membrane. A preparing method of the ultrafiltration membrane includes the steps that the base membrane body is provided, wherein the base membrane body is the polysulfone membrane or the polyether sulfone membrane; the base membrane body is coated with a solution containing sulfomethylation polysulfone to obtain the ultrafiltration membrane, wherein the solution containing the sulfomethylation polysulfone comprises the sulfomethylation polysulfone, predissolved liquid, dissolved diluent and water, the mass percent of the sulfomethylation polysulfone is 0.5-5%, the mass percent of the predissolved liquid is 3-8%, and the mass percent of the dissolved diluent is 25-50%. The ultrafiltration membrane is good in hydrophilicity, high in anti-pollution capacity and long in service life.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of membrane separation, particularly to a kind of ultrafilter membrane and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Film and membrane separation technique are the present age new and effective isolation technics, be especially true for modern industry for energy-conservation, carry
High efficiency, low-grade raw material recycle and eliminate the needs of environmental pollution.With traditional separation method (as evaporation, extraction
Or ion exchange etc.) compare, membrane separation technique is to operate at normal temperatures, does not have phase transformation, is particularly suitable for heat-sensitive substance
Separation with bioactive substance and concentration, have the advantages that efficiently, energy-conservation, technical process be simple, small investment, pollution are little, because
And membrane separation technique has a wide range of applications at aspects such as chemical industry, electronics, medicine, weaving, environmental improvement, biological engineering, metallurgy
Prospect.
Industrial, different according to membrance separation object size and using method, film can be divided into reverse osmosis membrane, NF membrane, ultrafiltration
Film and micro-filtration membrane.Wherein, ultrafilter membrane is that a kind of aperture specification is consistent, and nominal pore scope is the micropore mistake of 0.001-0.02 micron
Filter membrane.Impose suitable pressure in the side of film, just can sift out the solute molecule less than aperture, be more than 500 roads to separate molecular weight
The granule that Er Dun, particle diameter are more than 10 nanometers.
The membrane material of ultrafilter membrane mainly has polysulfones, polyether sulfone, polyamide, cellulose, Merlon, polrvinyl chloride, modification
Acrylate copolymer, Vingon, polyacrylonitrile etc..Polysulphones hyperfiltration membrane and poly (ether-sulfone) ultrafiltration membrane are to apply two wider classes to surpass
Filter membrane, its heat stability is good, high temperature resistant, and mechanical property is good, more stable to aliphatic hydrocarbon, oils and fatss, alcohols etc..
But polysulphones hyperfiltration membrane and poly (ether-sulfone) ultrafiltration membrane hydrophilic is poor, contamination resistance is low, service life is short.
Content of the invention
Present invention solves the technical problem that being to provide a kind of ultrafilter membrane, good hydrophilic property, contamination resistance is strong.
The invention discloses a kind of ultrafilter membrane, comprising: basement membrane and be compound in epilamellar sulfomethylation polysulfones coating;
Described basement membrane is polysulfone membrane or poly (ether sulfone) film.
The invention also discloses a kind of preparation method of ultrafilter membrane, comprise the following steps:
A () provides basement membrane, described basement membrane is polysulfone membrane or poly (ether sulfone) film;
B () contains the solution of sulfomethylation polysulfones in described coating on base films, obtain ultrafilter membrane;
The described solution containing sulfomethylation polysulfones includes sulfomethylation polysulfones, predissolve liquid, dissolved dilution liquid and water;
The mass fraction of described sulfomethylation polysulfones is 0.5~5%;
The mass fraction of described predissolve liquid is 3~8%;
The mass fraction of described dissolved dilution liquid is 25~50%.
Preferably, described dissolved dilution liquid is monohydric alcohol, polyhydric alcohol or the ether of c2~c8.
Preferably, described predissolve liquid is in n- methyl pyrrolidone, dimethylformamide and dimethyl acetylamide
Plant or multiple.
Preferably, in described step (a), the preparation method of described basement membrane is:
Polysulfones or polyether sulfone and additive are dissolved in organic solvent, obtain casting solution;Described polysulfones or polyether sulfone
Mass fraction be 15~25%;
After described casting solution knifing, carry out coagulating bath in pure water, obtain basement membrane.
Preferably, described additive be Polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, poly(ethylene oxide), Polyethylene Glycol, poly- dimension
One or more of ketone, ether and ethylene glycol.
Preferably, the mass fraction of described polysulfones or polyether sulfone is 18~23%, the mass fraction of additive is 0.5~
2%, the mass fraction of sulfomethylation polysulfones is 0.5~1.5%, and the mass fraction of described predissolve liquid is 4~7%, described molten
The mass fraction of solution diluent is 25~48%.
Preferably, the mass fraction of described polysulfones or polyether sulfone is 23%, and the mass fraction of additive is 2%, sulphur first
The mass fraction of base polysulfones is 1.5%, and the mass fraction of described predissolve liquid is 5%, and the quality of described dissolved dilution liquid is divided
Number is 35~46%.
Preferably, the mass fraction of described polysulfones or polyether sulfone is 21%, and the mass fraction of additive is 1%, sulphur first
The mass fraction of base polysulfones is 1%, and the mass fraction of described predissolve liquid is 5%, the mass fraction of described dissolved dilution liquid
For 30~47%.
Preferably, the mass fraction of described polysulfones or polyether sulfone is 18%, and the mass fraction of additive is 0.5%, sulphur
The mass fraction of polysulfones of methylating is 0.5%, and the mass fraction of described predissolve liquid is 5%, the quality of described dissolved dilution liquid
Fraction is 25~40%.
Compared with prior art, ultrafilter membrane of the present invention, comprising: basement membrane applies with being compound in epilamellar sulfomethylation polysulfones
Layer;Described basement membrane is polysulfone membrane or poly (ether sulfone) film.In the present invention, sulfomethylation polysulfones has excellent hydrophilicity, thus
Largely improve the pure water flux of ultrafilter membrane.And sulfomethylation polysulfones surface carries electric charge, is compound in basement membrane
On the ultrafilter membrane made not only to ion, there is higher rejection, and can be with protection group when filter acid or akaline liquid
Film, therefore contamination resistance are strong, long service life.The present invention is also by the control composition of casting solution and the group of coating solution
Become, obtained above-mentioned there is ultrafilter membrane of good performance.
Specific embodiment
For a further understanding of the present invention, with reference to embodiment, the preferred embodiment of the invention is described, but
It should be appreciated that these descriptions are simply to further illustrate the features and advantages of the present invention, rather than to the claims in the present invention
Limit.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a kind of ultrafilter membrane, comprising: basement membrane applies with being compound in epilamellar sulfomethylation polysulfones
Layer;
Described basement membrane is polysulfone membrane or poly (ether sulfone) film.
In the present invention, described ultrafilter membrane by basement membrane and is compound in epilamellar sulfomethylation polysulfones coating and forms.Described
Basement membrane is polysulfone membrane or poly (ether sulfone) film, and the present invention is not particularly limited for the source of basement membrane, can be commercially available prod, or press
According to method well known to those skilled in the art preparation.Described basement membrane is large pore size ultrafiltration membrane, after compound sulfomethylation polysulfones, increases
Hydrophilic and anti-fouling performance, and aperture reduces, not only increase pure water flux, and there is certain retention to ion
Rate, antifouling property is good, long service life.
The invention also discloses a kind of preparation method of ultrafilter membrane, comprise the following steps:
A () provides basement membrane, described basement membrane is polysulfone membrane or poly (ether sulfone) film;
B () contains the solution of sulfomethylation polysulfones in described coating on base films, obtain ultrafilter membrane;
The described solution containing sulfomethylation polysulfones includes sulfomethylation polysulfones, predissolve liquid, dissolved dilution liquid and water;
The mass fraction of described sulfomethylation polysulfones is 0.5~5%;
The mass fraction of described predissolve liquid is 3~8%;
The mass fraction of described dissolved dilution liquid is 25~50%.
According to the present invention, provide basement membrane first, described basement membrane is polysulfone membrane or poly (ether sulfone) film.Invention is for the source of basement membrane
It is not particularly limited, can be commercially available prod, or according to method well known to those skilled in the art preparation.The system of described basement membrane
Preparation Method, preferably prepares in accordance with the following methods:
Polysulfones or polyether sulfone are dissolved in organic solvent, obtain casting solution;The quality of described polysulfones or polyether sulfone is divided
Number is 15~25%;
After described casting solution knifing, carry out coagulating bath in pure water, obtain basement membrane.
During preparing basement membrane, polysulfones or polyether sulfone and additive are dissolved in organic solvent first, obtain casting film
Liquid.The mass fraction of described polysulfones or polyether sulfone is 15~25%, in certain embodiments for 18~23%.Additive is poly-
One or more of vinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, poly(ethylene oxide), Polyethylene Glycol, polyvidone, ether and ethylene glycol.
The mass fraction of described additive be preferably 0.5~5%, in certain embodiments for 0.5~2%, in certain embodiments for
1%.Described organic solvent is preferably dimethylformamide, dimethyl acetylamide, n- dimethyl pyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide and
One or more of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid lactone (gbl).
After obtaining casting solution, after described casting solution knifing, carry out coagulating bath in pure water, obtain basement membrane.In knifing mistake
Cheng Zhong, from one or more of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester material non-woven fabrics as supporting layer.The thickness of described knifing
Degree is preferably 0.03~0.04 μm, and the speed of described film forming is preferably 10~23m/min.After knifing, film is coagulated in water
Gu bath.The temperature of described coagulating bath is preferably 0~10 DEG C, and ambient humidity is preferably 30~70%..
According to the present invention, after obtaining basement membrane, contain the solution of sulfomethylation polysulfones in described coating on base films, obtain ultrafiltration
Film.The described solution containing sulfomethylation polysulfones be coating liquid, include sulfomethylation polysulfones, predissolve liquid, dissolved dilution liquid with
Water.The mass fraction of described sulfomethylation polysulfones is 0.5~5%, in certain embodiments for 0.5~1.5%, in other
It is 2~4% in embodiment.The effect of described predissolve liquid is predissolve sulfomethylation polysulfones, preferably n- methyl pyrrolidone,
One or more of dimethylformamide and dimethyl acetylamide.The mass fraction of described predissolve liquid is 3~8%, preferably
For 4~7%.The effect of described dissolved dilution liquid is dilution sulfomethylation polysulfones, and described dissolved dilution liquid is preferably c2~c8's
Monohydric alcohol, polyhydric alcohol or ether;It is preferably ethanol, propanol, ethylene glycol, ether, methyl ether, glycerol, amylalcohol or butanediol.Described
The mass fraction of dissolved dilution liquid is 25~50%, preferably 25~48%, in certain embodiments for 35~46%, at some
It is 30~47% in embodiment, be 25~40% in other embodiment.
According to the preparation method of the present invention, by controlling the component of casting solution component and coating liquid, two factor mating reactions,
Obtain that there is ultrafilter membrane of good performance.
Pure water flux to the ultrafilter membrane of the present invention and retention efficiency are tested, and result shows, described ultrafilter membrane pure
Water flux reaches 90l/m2More than h, the rejection to Polyethylene Glycol is 70~95%.
For a further understanding of the present invention, with reference to embodiment, ultrafilter membrane that the present invention provides and preparation method thereof is entered
Row explanation, protection scope of the present invention is not limited by the following examples.
Embodiment 1
230g polyether sulfone (23%), 10g Polyvinylpyrrolidone (1%), 5g Polyethylene Glycol (0.5%) are dissolved in 755gn-
In methyl pyrrolidone, it is stirred well to each component at 80 DEG C and is uniformly dissolved, sealing and standing deaeration, obtain casting solution.
With scraper by evenly laid out for casting solution on the polyester non-woven fabric making backing material, standing 10-25s after put into rapidly
Film forming in coagulating bath, described coagulating bath is pure water, and coagulation bath temperature controls at 2 DEG C, and ambient humidity controls 30%, obtains base
Film.
Basement membrane is immersed the mass fraction of sulphur methyl polysulfones in 1.5%, n- methyl pyrrolidone mass fraction 5%, third
40%, the mass fraction of water, in 53.5% coating liquid, stops 15 seconds triol mass fraction, takes out diaphragm and dries in 80 DEG C
Can get the ultrafiltration diaphragm that molecular weight cut off is 1000.
Made ultrafiltration composite membrane hydrophilicity good initial pure water flux 90l/m in the present embodiment2H, to 1000mg/l
Peg1000 rejection can be to 92%.
Before and after contrast overlay film, diaphragm can find to the adsorbance of bovine serum albumin, by 60.20 μ g/cm before overlay film2It is reduced to
15.13μg/cm2, adsorbance substantially reduces.
Taking-up after 1 month in done ultrafilter membrane respectively chemical reagent listed by immersion table 1 is cleaned with pure water and tests its performance,
The results are shown in Table 1
Table 1 acid and alkali-resistance chemical reagent is tested
Reagent type | hcl | h3po4 | naoh |
Ph value | 1 | 1 | 12 |
Pure water flux | 78l/m2h | 89l/m2h | 89l/m2h |
Rejection | 96% | 94% | 90% |
See that diaphragm anti acid alkali performance is higher from table 1, have wider range of application.
Comparison diaphragm is common polyether sulfone film, and preparation method is:
230g polyether sulfone (23%), 10g Polyvinylpyrrolidone (1%), 5g Polyethylene Glycol (0.5%) are dissolved in 755gn-
In methyl pyrrolidone, it is stirred well to each component at 80 DEG C and is uniformly dissolved, sealing and standing deaeration, obtain casting solution.
With scraper by evenly laid out for casting solution on the polyester non-woven fabric making backing material, standing 10-25s after put into rapidly
Film forming in coagulating bath, described coagulating bath is pure water, and coagulation bath temperature controls at 2 DEG C, and ambient humidity controls 30%, obtains polyethers
Sulfone film.
Embodiment 2
230g polyether sulfone, 20g polyvinyl alcohol, 30g polyvidone are dissolved in 720g dimethylformamide, at 80 DEG C fully
Stir and be uniformly dissolved to each component, sealing and standing deaeration, obtain casting solution.
With scraper by evenly laid out for casting solution on the polyester non-woven fabric making backing material, standing 10-25s after put into rapidly
Film forming in coagulating bath, described coagulating bath is pure water, and coagulation bath temperature controls at 2 DEG C, and ambient humidity controls 30%, obtains base
Film.
Basement membrane is immersed the mass fraction of sulphur methyl polysulfones in 1.5%, n- methyl pyrrolidone mass fraction 5%, second
45%, the mass fraction of water, in 48.5% coating liquid, stops 20 seconds ether mass fraction, and taking out diaphragm in 80 DEG C of drying is
Can get the ultrafiltration diaphragm that molecular weight cut off is 2500.
Made ultrafiltration composite membrane hydrophilicity good initial pure water flux 120l/m in the present embodiment2H, to 1000mg/l
Peg2500 rejection can be to 95%.
Taking-up after 1 month in done ultrafilter membrane respectively chemical reagent listed by immersion table 2 is cleaned with pure water and tests its performance,
The results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 acid and alkali-resistance chemical reagent is tested
Reagent type | hcl | h3po4 | naoh |
Ph value | 1 | 1 | 12 |
Pure water flux | 140l/m2h | 125l/m2h | 103l/m2h |
Rejection | 85 | 93 | 95 |
Embodiment 3
210g polyether sulfone, 10g Polyethylene Glycol are dissolved in 780g dimethylformamide, at 80 DEG C, are stirred well to each group
Divide and be uniformly dissolved, sealing and standing deaeration, obtain casting solution.
With scraper by evenly laid out for casting solution on the polyester non-woven fabric making backing material, standing 10-25s after put into rapidly
Film forming in coagulating bath, described coagulating bath is pure water, and coagulation bath temperature controls at 2 DEG C, and ambient humidity controls 30%, obtains base
Film.
Basement membrane is immersed the mass fraction of sulphur methyl polysulfones 1%, dimethyl acetylamide mass fraction 5%, ethanol matter
35%, the mass fraction of water, in 59% coating liquid, stops 25 seconds amount fraction, takes out diaphragm and can get in 80 DEG C of drying
Molecular weight cut off is 2500 ultrafiltration diaphragm.
Made ultrafiltration composite membrane hydrophilicity good initial pure water flux 140l/m in the present embodiment2H, to 1000mg/l
Peg2500 rejection can be to 90%.
Taking-up after 1 month in done ultrafilter membrane respectively chemical reagent listed by immersion table 3 is cleaned with pure water and tests its performance,
The results are shown in Table 3
Table 3 acid and alkali-resistance chemical reagent is tested
Reagent type | hcl | h3po4 | naoh |
Ph value | 1 | 1 | 12 |
Pure water flux | 174l/m2h | 146l/m2h | 120l/m2h |
Rejection | 81 | 88 | 89 |
Embodiment 4
180g polyether sulfone, 5g ether are dissolved in 815g dimethylformamide, are stirred well to each component at 80 DEG C molten
Solution is uniform, and sealing and standing deaeration obtains casting solution.
With scraper by evenly laid out for casting solution on the polyester non-woven fabric making backing material, standing 10-25s after put into rapidly
Film forming in coagulating bath, described coagulating bath is pure water, and coagulation bath temperature controls at 2 DEG C, and ambient humidity controls 30%, obtains base
Film.
Basement membrane is immersed the mass fraction of sulphur methyl polysulfones in 0.5%, n- methyl pyrrolidone mass fraction 5%, penta
33%, the mass fraction of water, in 61.5% coating liquid, stops 30 seconds alcohol mass fraction, and taking out diaphragm in 80 DEG C of drying is
Can get the ultrafiltration diaphragm that molecular weight cut off is 3500.
Made ultrafiltration composite membrane hydrophilicity good initial pure water flux 170l/m in the present embodiment2H, to 1000mg/l
Peg3500 rejection can be to 95%.
Taking-up after 1 month in done ultrafilter membrane respectively chemical reagent listed by immersion table 4 is cleaned with pure water and tests its performance,
The results are shown in Table 4
Table 4 acid and alkali-resistance chemical reagent is tested
Reagent type | hcl | h3po4 | naoh |
Ph value | 1 | 1 | 12 |
Pure water flux | 209l/m2h | 182l/m2h | 150l/m2h |
Rejection | 86 | 91 | 94 |
The explanation of above example is only intended to help and understands the method for the present invention and its core concept.It should be pointed out that it is right
For those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, the present invention can also be carried out
Some improvement and modification, these improve and modify and also fall in the protection domain of the claims in the present invention.
Described above to the disclosed embodiments, makes professional and technical personnel in the field be capable of or uses the present invention.
Multiple modifications to these embodiments will be apparent from for those skilled in the art, as defined herein
General Principle can be realized without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention in other embodiments.Therefore, the present invention
It is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, and be to fit to and principles disclosed herein and features of novelty phase one
The scope the widest causing.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of ultrafilter membrane, comprising: basement membrane and be compound in epilamellar sulfomethylation polysulfones coating;Described basement membrane be polysulfone membrane or
Poly (ether sulfone) film;Described sulfomethylation polysulfones coating is obtained by the coating of the solution containing sulfomethylation polysulfones;
The described solution containing sulfomethylation polysulfones includes sulfomethylation polysulfones, predissolve liquid, dissolved dilution liquid and water;Described pre-
Lysate is one or more of n- methyl pyrrolidone, dimethylformamide and dimethyl acetylamide;Described dissolved dilution
Liquid is ethanol, propanol, ethylene glycol, ether, methyl ether, glycerol, amylalcohol or butanediol;
The mass fraction of described sulfomethylation polysulfones is 0.5~5%;
The mass fraction of described predissolve liquid is 3~8%;
The mass fraction of described dissolved dilution liquid is 25~50%.
2. a kind of preparation method of ultrafilter membrane, comprises the following steps:
A () provides basement membrane, described basement membrane is polysulfone membrane or poly (ether sulfone) film;
B () contains the solution of sulfomethylation polysulfones in described coating on base films, obtain ultrafilter membrane;
The described solution containing sulfomethylation polysulfones includes sulfomethylation polysulfones, predissolve liquid, dissolved dilution liquid and water;Described pre-
Lysate is one or more of n- methyl pyrrolidone, dimethylformamide and dimethyl acetylamide;Described dissolved dilution
Liquid is ethanol, propanol, ethylene glycol, ether, methyl ether, glycerol, amylalcohol or butanediol;
The mass fraction of described sulfomethylation polysulfones is 0.5~5%;
The mass fraction of described predissolve liquid is 3~8%;
The mass fraction of described dissolved dilution liquid is 25~50%.
3. preparation method according to claim 2 is it is characterised in that in described step (a), the preparation method of described basement membrane
For:
Polysulfones or polyether sulfone and additive are dissolved in organic solvent, obtain casting solution;Described polysulfones or the matter of polyether sulfone
Amount fraction is 15~25%;
After described casting solution knifing, carry out coagulating bath in pure water, obtain basement membrane.
4. preparation method according to claim 3 is it is characterised in that described additive is Polyvinylpyrrolidone, poly- second
One or more of enol, poly(ethylene oxide), Polyethylene Glycol, ether and ethylene glycol.
5. preparation method according to claim 4 is it is characterised in that the mass fraction of described polysulfones or polyether sulfone is 18
~23%, the mass fraction of additive is 0.5~2%, and the mass fraction of sulfomethylation polysulfones is 0.5~1.5%, described is pre-dissolved
The mass fraction of solution liquid is 4~7%, and the mass fraction of described dissolved dilution liquid is 25~48%.
6. preparation method according to claim 5 is it is characterised in that the mass fraction of described polysulfones or polyether sulfone is
23%, the mass fraction of additive is 2%, and the mass fraction of sulfomethylation polysulfones is 1.5%, and the quality of described predissolve liquid is divided
Number is 5%, and the mass fraction of described dissolved dilution liquid is 35~46%.
7. preparation method according to claim 5 is it is characterised in that the mass fraction of described polysulfones or polyether sulfone is
21%, the mass fraction of additive is 1%, and the mass fraction of sulfomethylation polysulfones is 1%, the mass fraction of described predissolve liquid
For 5%, the mass fraction of described dissolved dilution liquid is 30~47%.
8. preparation method according to claim 5 is it is characterised in that the mass fraction of described polysulfones or polyether sulfone is
18%, the mass fraction of additive is 0.5%, and the mass fraction of sulfomethylation polysulfones is 0.5%, the quality of described predissolve liquid
Fraction is 5%, and the mass fraction of described dissolved dilution liquid is 25~40%.
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JP6882267B2 (en) | 2015-09-17 | 2021-06-02 | ビーエイエスエフ・ソシエタス・エウロパエアBasf Se | Method for Producing Membrane Using Lactamide Solvent |
CN106543866A (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2017-03-29 | 苏州科胜仓储物流设备有限公司 | A kind of ultralow pressure waterproof membrane and preparation method thereof |
CN106914155B (en) * | 2017-04-10 | 2019-06-04 | 浙江工业大学 | A kind of method that chloromethyl polysulphone prepares positively charged nanofiltration membranes |
CN116589681B (en) * | 2023-07-17 | 2023-09-12 | 富海(东营)新材料科技有限公司 | Sulfonated polyether sulfone as well as preparation method and application thereof |
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WO2002087735A1 (en) * | 2001-04-18 | 2002-11-07 | Asahi Medical Co., Ltd. | Asymmetric porous films and process for producing the same |
CN102219324A (en) * | 2011-04-07 | 2011-10-19 | 清华大学 | Method for processing acrylonitrile waste water with high concentration by nanofiltration membrane |
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CN102219324A (en) * | 2011-04-07 | 2011-10-19 | 清华大学 | Method for processing acrylonitrile waste water with high concentration by nanofiltration membrane |
CN102512995A (en) * | 2011-12-09 | 2012-06-27 | 浙江工业大学 | Sulfonated polysulfone blended nanometer calcium carbonate composite polysulfone membrane and preparation method thereof |
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