CN104518288B - antenna system with low passive intermodulation (PIM) - Google Patents
antenna system with low passive intermodulation (PIM) Download PDFInfo
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- CN104518288B CN104518288B CN201410472083.4A CN201410472083A CN104518288B CN 104518288 B CN104518288 B CN 104518288B CN 201410472083 A CN201410472083 A CN 201410472083A CN 104518288 B CN104518288 B CN 104518288B
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
- H01Q5/378—Combination of fed elements with parasitic elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
- H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
- H01Q9/0414—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna in a stacked or folded configuration
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
- H01Q9/0421—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with a shorting wall or a shorting pin at one end of the element
Landscapes
- Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
Abstract
This application involves a kind of antenna systems with low passive intermodulation.According to various aspects, the illustrative embodiments of antenna system are disclosed.In the exemplary embodiment, the antenna system consists essentially of ground plane and first antenna and the second antenna.The first isolator is disposed between the first antenna and the second antenna.Second isolator is extended outwardly from the ground connection.The antenna system is configured to be operated with low passive intermodulation.
Description
Technical field
The disclosure relates generally to a kind of antenna system with low PIM or advantageous PIM (passive intermodulation), and the day
Linear system system can also have improved and/or good shielding and bandwidth.
Background technology
This part will provide with the relevant background information of the disclosure, but be not necessarily the prior art.
The example of foundation structure antenna system include ustomer premises access equipment (CPE), satellite navigation system, alarm system, terminal,
Master station and domestic aerial.By fast-developing technology, along with by the size of the size of CPE device or antenna system most
The demand of smallization is to keep small shape, the beamwidth of antenna to have changed into a huge challenge.In addition, having more than one day
The multiaerial system of line has been used for increasing capacity, coverage area and cell throughout.
Equally by fast-developing technology, many devices all have turned into multiple antennas to meet the needs of terminal client.Example
Such as, multiple antennas is used for multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) purposes to increase user capacity, coverage area and cell throughout.
As current market is intended to economic, small and exquisite and compact device, because size and space limit use with each other very close to
Form place multiple same antennas the case where it is much.In addition, for the antenna of ustomer premises access equipment, terminal station, master station,
Or domestic aerial system usually must have small shape, light weight and physical size compact, this makes planar inverted-F antenna
(PIFA) there is special attraction for the application of these types.
Fig. 1 shows conventional plane inverse-F antenna (PIFA).As shown in fig. 1, the basic engineering is by radiating patch elements
12, ground plane 14, short-circuit component 16 and electricity supply element 18 form.The width and length of radiating patch elements 12 determine expectation
Resonant frequency.The width of radiating patch elements 12 and the summation of length, about quarter-wave (λ/4).Radiation patch
Element 12 can be supported on the top of ground plane 14 by dielectric substrate.
Invention content
This part will provide an overall outline of the disclosure, rather than its all range or whole features are completely public
It opens.
According to various aspects, the exemplary embodiment of antenna system example is disclosed.In illustrative embodiment, antenna
System consists essentially of ground plane and the first and second antennas.First isolator be arranged in first and second antenna it
Between.Second isolator is extended outwardly from the ground connection.Antenna system is configured as being operated with low passive modulation.
A kind of antenna system with low passive intermodulation, the antenna system with low passive intermodulation include：Ground plane；
First antenna and the second antenna；The first isolator being arranged between the first antenna and second antenna；And from institute
State outwardly extending second isolator of ground plane；To which the antenna system is configured to be grasped with low passive intermodulation
Make.
The ground plane, the isolator and the first antenna and second antenna are by nonferromagnetic material system
At；And/or the antenna system does not include any ferromagnetic material or ferromagnetic parts.
The antenna system can be relative to from about 698 megahertzs to about 960 megahertz and/or from about 1,710,000,000
The carrier wave (dBc) of hertz to about 2700 megahertzs of frequency is operated with the passive intermodulation less than -150 decibels.
The antenna system of the low passive intermodulation further comprises：First connector and the second connector, described first connects
It connects device and the second connector all has and at least one is electrically connected to the corresponding first antenna or second antenna at least
One central contact portion and the external contacts for being electrically connected to the ground plane；And first electrical insulator and second electrical isolation
Body, first electrical insulator and the second electrical insulator are respectively positioned in first connector and the ground plane and institute
It states between the second connector and the ground plane to reduce between first connector and the second connector and the ground plane
Electrical-contact area, to reduce passive intermodulation；Wherein, the ground plane and first electrical insulator and the second electrical insulator
Including opening therethrough, so that the central contact portion and the outside of first connector and the second connector connect
Contact portion passes through and is electrically connected to the corresponding first antenna and the second antenna and connects in the opposite side of the ground plane
It is connected to the ground plane.
The ground plane includes integrally formed features, and cable braid over braid is soldered to said integrally formed feature
Portion, to said integrally formed features be configured for reducing it is straight between the cable braid over braid and the ground plane
Connect electrical contact surface.
The said integrally formed features of the ground plane include first pair of fin and second pair of fin, described first pair
Fin and second pair of fin are stamped from the ground plane and are bent with acute angle relative to the ground plane.
The ground plane and/or pedestal include integrally formed features, for first isolator to be remained base
Perpendicular to the ground plane on this.
Said integrally formed features include the multiple portions outwardly protruded from the pedestal across opening, wherein described
First isolator to be maintained between the multiple part by multiple portions cooperation by friction.
Said integrally formed features include being stamped from the ground plane and being substantially perpendicular to the ground connection
Face and the first fin and the second fin bent, first isolator include upright with the first opposite side and the second side
Wall type isolator, the upright wall type isolator are positioned relative to first fin and the second fin so that described first
Fin is along first side and second fin of the upright wall type isolator along the upright wall type isolator
The second side, to which first fin and the cooperation of the second fin are with will the upright wall type isolator holding by friction
Between first fin and the second fin.
Second isolator includes that being located substantially at for the ground plane is big between the first antenna and the second antenna
The extension for T shapes is caused, to which the generally t-shaped extension increases the ground plane that can be powered, the ground plane
Improve the isolation in low frequency.
The antenna system with low passive intermodulation further comprises being arranged in the ground plane and the first antenna
And the second dielectric adhesive tape between antenna, it is straight between the first antenna and the second antenna and the ground plane to prevent
Connect electrical contact.
The antenna system with low passive intermodulation further comprises and the corresponding first antenna and the second antenna phase
Adjacent the first parasitic antenna and the second parasitic antenna is to increase bandwidth, wherein first parasitic antenna and the second parasitic antenna are not
It is directly in electrical contact with the first antenna and the second antenna.
The antenna system can at least the first frequency range from about 698 megahertzs to about 960 megahertz with
And it is operated within the scope of the second frequency from about 1710 megahertzs to about 2700 megahertz；Or the antenna system can be
It is operated in frequency range from about 698 megahertzs to about 2700 megahertz.
The further scope of application becomes apparent from the description that this place provides.Description in the general introduction and particular example
It is only to be intended for example and be not intended to be limited to the scope of the present disclosure.
Description of the drawings
View described herein is only used for illustrating selected embodiment and not all possible implementation, and
It is not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.
Fig. 1 shows traditional planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA)；
Fig. 2 is arranged to the multiband antenna system for the low PIM (passive intermodulation) for having according to illustrative embodiment
Exploded perspective view；
Fig. 3 is another exploded perspective view of antenna system shown in Fig. 2, wherein ground plane (and upright wall type isolation
Device and the antenna being connected thereto) it is mounted to pedestal；
Fig. 4 is that antenna system shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 has been assembled on pedestal and/or has been installed in various antenna elements
Plan view after pedestal；
Fig. 5 is the stereogram of antenna system shown in Fig. 4 and also shows the illustrative coaxial cable for being connected to antenna；
Fig. 6 is the partial perspective view of coaxial cable and antenna shown in Fig. 5, and is shown as follows by way of illustration,
Cable bearer can be formed directly from ground plane；
Fig. 7 is another partial perspective view of coaxial cable and antenna shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, and by way of illustration
It shows as follows, the center conductor of coaxial cable can be connected to antenna；
Fig. 8 shows the conventional method for coaxial cable braid over braid to be welded to ground plane；
Fig. 9 shows the exemplary methods for coaxial cable braid over braid to be welded to cable bearer, the cable bearer by
It is integrally formed according to the ground plane of illustrative embodiment；
Figure 10 A and Figure 10 B be respectively according to illustrative embodiment can be together with antenna system shown in Fig. 2 to Fig. 5
The stereogram of illustrative the NF bulk-head connectors and illustrative insulator that use, the wherein insulator contribute near ground plane
Contact area minimize (or at least reduce) and to which PIM problems is minimized (or at least reducing)；
Figure 11 is the cross-sectional view shown by way of illustration, NF bulk-head connectors and insulation shown in wherein Figure 10
Body can be connected to ground plane and the antenna of the antenna system shown in Fig. 2 to Fig. 5；
Figure 12 A, Figure 12 B and Figure 12 C are respectively that the side view of NF bulk-head connectors shown in Figure 11 and end regard portion,
In provide the exemplary dimensions illustrated according only to illustrative embodiment (in terms of millimeter, after coating)；
Figure 13 is the partial perspective view shown by way of illustration, the wherein center conductor of NF bulk-head connectors and four
External conductor/contact site can be connected respectively to the ground plane and antenna of antenna system shown in Fig. 2 to Fig. 5；
Figure 14 is can be with the solid for an exemplary antenna being used together according to the antenna system of illustrative embodiment
Figure, the wherein antenna include the removable portion for solder connector, the additional fin for welding center conductor and small
The fin that type and/or size reduce is so as to minimized (or at least reducing) PIM problems and inconsistent welding；
Figure 15 A, Figure 15 B and Figure 15 C are respectively that can be unified according to the aerial system of illustrative embodiment with Fig. 2 to Fig. 5
Act perspective interior view, exterior perspective view and the partial perspective view of the pedestal used；
Figure 16 A be can be used for shown in Fig. 2 to Fig. 5 according in the antenna system of illustrative embodiment ground plane and post
The stereogram of raw element, wherein ground plane include for the hole of the contact site of NF connectors shown in Figure 10 and in substrate
In directly formed (such as injection molding etc.) PCB support opening, and the gap wherein between parasitic antenna and ground plane
Size and shape can be used for adjust high frequency band and low-frequency band resonance；
Figure 16 B are can be used for shown in Fig. 2 to Fig. 5 according to the ground connection in the antenna system of another illustrative embodiment
The stereogram of the part in face, wherein ground plane include for the hole of the contact site of NF connectors shown in Figure 10 and for by connecing
PCB support direct or that (such as fin etc. of punching type and bending) is integrally formed in ground；
Figure 17 A are installed to the ground plane of pedestal and the stereogram of parasitic antenna, and also by way of illustration in Figure 16 A
It shows, printed circuit board (PCB) or upright wall type isolator can be by passing through the base being open in the ground plane shown in Figure 16 A
The PCB support of seat supports；
Figure 17 B show printed circuit board (PCB) or upright wall type isolator ground plane shown in Figure 16 B
PCB support is come the way of example that supports；
Figure 18 A, Figure 18 B and Figure 18 C are that antenna system shown in Fig. 2 to Fig. 5 is being positioned in by pedestal and day respectively
Vertical view, side view and upward view after in the inner casing that irdome cooperation limits；
Figure 19 A and 19B are that antenna system shown in Fig. 2 to Fig. 5 is being positioned in by pedestal and antenna house cooperation respectively
Face upwarding stereogram after in the inner casing of restriction and top perspective view, and also show the fixation according to illustrative embodiment
N-type female (NF) bulk-head connector configuration example；
Figure 20 includes measuring to be used for shown in Fig. 2 to Fig. 5, in antenna house and with exit shown in Figure 18 B
The voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) (S11, S22) of the prototype of the example antenna system of connector and to the shielding of frequency (S21, with
Decibel be unit) exemplary line graph；
Figure 21 shows that figure orients and relative to former with the antenna for drawing terminal adapter during radiating pattern test
The plane of type；
Figure 22 to Figure 29, which is shown, to be measured for having the example antenna system for drawing terminal adapter shown in Fig. 2 to Fig. 5
Prototype the first and second multiband antennas (being shown with dotted line and solid line) radiating pattern (azimuthal plane, 0 ゜ of Phi
90 ゜ planes of plane and Phi) and in figure 21 shown in frequency respectively about 698 megahertzs (MHz), 824MHz, 894MHz,
Figure orientation when 960MHz, 1785MHz, 1910MHz, 2110MHz and 2700MHz；
Figure 30 and Figure 31 is to measure to be used for shown in Fig. 2 to Fig. 5, with extraction terminal adapter shown in Figure 18 B
The port 1 of the prototype of example antenna system and the PIM of port 2 are (relative to carrier wave (dBc) and frequency (unit MHz), with decibel
For unit) exemplary line graph, wherein this linear show when in low-frequency band (Figure 30) and high frequency band (Figure 31)
Low PIM performances (for example, less than -150dBc etc.)；
Figure 32 include be measured for shown in Fig. 2 to Fig. 5, in antenna house and with fixed shown in Figure 19 A
The voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) (S11, S22) of the prototype of the example antenna system of NF bulk-head connectors and the shielding to frequency
The exemplary line graph of (S21, as unit of decibel)；
Figure 33 to Figure 40 shows that measurement fixes NF wall-penetrating types company for having shown in Fig. 2 to Fig. 5 shown in Figure 19 A
Connect device, frequency be about at respectively 698MHz, 824MHz, 894MHz, 960MHz, 1785MHz, 1910MHz, 2110MHz and
The radiation diagram of the first and second multiband antennas (being shown with solid line and dotted line) of the prototype of example antenna system when 2700MHz
(90 ゜ planes of azimuthal plane, 0 ゜ planes of Phi and Phi)；And
Figure 41 and Figure 42 is to measure be used for shown in Fig. 2 to Fig. 5, have and fix NF wall-penetrating types company shown in Figure 19 A
The port 1 of the prototype of the example antenna system of device and the PIM (unit dBc) of port 2 are met to the illustration of frequency (unit MHz)
Property Line Chart, wherein this it is linear show when in low-frequency band (Figure 41) and high frequency band (Figure 42) low PIM performances (such as
Less than -150dBc, less than -153dBc etc.).
Specific implementation mode
It is more fully described by illustrative embodiments now with reference to attached drawing.
It has been recognised by the inventors that, needing the antenna system of relatively small shape, which has low PIM (passive intermodulation)
(such as can be used as low PIM rated designs etc.), good or improved bandwidth (such as meet 698 megahertzs to 960 megahertzs and
1710 megahertzs to 2700 megahertzs of LTE/4G application bandwidths), good or improved isolation is (such as in low-frequency band etc.
When), and/or more VSWR allowances are provided in production.Therefore, the illustrative embodiment of antenna system disclosed herein
(such as 100 (Fig. 2 to Fig. 5), 200 (Figure 18 A, Figure 18 B, Figure 18 C), 300 (Figure 19A and Figure 19B) etc.) all have low PIM specified
Design or configuration.
In illustrative embodiment, with good or improved bandwidth and by introducing parasitic antenna and uniqueness
Isolator construction and obtain isolation, can by reduce metal to metal electrical contact surface and by bonding area most
Smallization (or at least reduce) realizes the design of low PIM.The design of low PIM also with design flexibility and is accommodated with good
Or improved consistency of performance exit connector type (such as Figure 18 B and Figure 21 etc.) and fixed connection device type (such as
Figure 10 A and Figure 19 A etc.) both ability.Disclosed illustrative embodiment has splendid or increased bandwidth, in not shadow
Improved isolation and improved or low PIM in the case of sound whole bandwidth.
According to many aspects of the disclosure, illustrative embodiment may include one or more (or all) below
Low PIM is realized or achieved the purpose that feature.In an illustrative embodiment, antenna system is it is preferably not included that any iron
Magnetic material or the ferromagnetic parts for including correct coating, otherwise the ferromagnetic parts be likely to become the source of PIM.Instead, it radiates
Element and ground plane (such as antenna 110 in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 and ground plane 112 etc.) all can be by brass or other suitable
Nonferromagnetic material is made.Connector and cable are all preferably PIM rated parts.
The radiating element of ground connection can be according to (in broad terms, electric by introducing dielectric adhesive tape below the radiating element
Media components) and local coupling ground connection is realized to prevent the direct electrical contact between radiating element and ground plane.Such as in Fig. 3
Middle alignment dielectric adhesive tape 113 is to be located between antenna and ground plane.
Area for the contact of connector to be welded to ground plane can be relatively small area.Therefore, Ke Yili
Connector is connected or is grounded to ground plane with the solder contacts of opposite small area.Such as in fig. 13, it is arranged four relatively
The contact 122 of connector 114 (Figure 10 A) is welded to ground plane 112 (Figure 13) by small bonding area.
Dielectric components can be positioned between the upper surface of connector and ground plane to make the upper surface of connector and connect
Directly electrical contact electrical isolation between ground and minimum (or at least reducing).Such as in fig. 2, by circular dielectric or absolutely
Edge body 116 (such as FR-4 fibrous glass etc. of reinforced epoxy laminated material) is aligned to be located in the upper table of connector 114
Between face and ground plane 112.
In addition, the features that ground plane may include integrally-formed (for example, punching press etc.) carry out welding cable braid over braid.It should
Features provide between cable braid band and ground plane (or at least the reducing) minimized directly electrical contact surface conduct
Unique cross sections of integrally-formed features contacts ground plane.Advantageously, this helps to prevent (or at least to drop
It is low) any inconsistency of contact between cable braid band and ground plane.Such as in Fig. 6, Fig. 7 and Fig. 9, cable bearer
124 directly form (such as punching press etc.) by ground plane 112.Fig. 9 shows the cable braid for being welded to punching press cable bearer 124
Band 126.By comparing, Fig. 8 shows the traditional approach that coaxial cable braid over braid is welded to ground plane, can be especially along
There is no the bottoms of the cable braid band of welding to introduce inconsistent contact.In fig.9, it is not present along cable braid band 126
Bottom contact, the cable braid band because punching press and resetting ground plane but it is hollow or opening to manufacture cable branch
Frame 124.
Ground plane and/or pedestal can also include one or more integrally-formed (such as punching press etc.) features to protect
PCB or upright wall types isolator is held to reduce bonding area, such as by eliminating required pad on ground plane, the pad
It can be additionally useful for PCB being attached to ground plane.The bonding area of reduction reduces the PIM occurred due to welding and inconsistent
Property.Such as in Fig. 2, Figure 16 A and Figure 17 A, PCB support 128 is by directly by pedestal 133 (such as plastic base etc.) injection molding
And it is outwardly protruded from the pedestal 133.The multiple components or multiple portions of PCB support 128 pass through the opening in ground plane 112
123 (Figure 16 A).As shown in Figure 17 A, multiple components of PCB support 128 can keep or support PCB or upright wall types every
From device 130 so that only need one or two pad 129 that PCB or isolator 130 are electrically connected to ground face 112.Alternatively,
Figure 16 B and Figure 17 B show an example, wherein ground plane 112 include directly formed by the ground plane 112 (for example, punching press or
Fin 128 of bending etc.) PCB support.The PCB support of ground plane 112 can keep or support PCB or upright wall type isolators
130 so that only need single pad 129 that PCB or isolator 130 are electrically connected to ground face 112.
According to another aspect of the disclosure, illustrative embodiment may include one or more features portion to realize
Or reach good or improved bandwidth.It is neighbouring or add or draw beside radiating element in an illustrative embodiment
Enter parasitic antenna to enhance the bandwidth of low-frequency band and high frequency band while keep good isolation between radiator.Such as scheming
In 4 and Fig. 5, the first and second parasitic antennas 132 are respectively positioned in 110 side of the first and second antennas or neighbouring position,
Without occurring directly to be in electrical contact with it.
According to another aspect of the disclosure, illustrative embodiment may include one or more features portion to realize and
Reach good or improved isolation.In an illustrative embodiment, isolation is added between two radiating elements
Device by increasing the electric current of ground plane so that improve isolation when low-frequency band.Such as in Figure 5, T shapes isolator 134 is from connecing
The electric current of ground plane is extended outwardly and increased in ground 112.Improved isolation makes more antennas radiating element be positioned in
In same space volume or make whole smaller antenna module be used for identical quantity radiating element of antenna (such as
Final use etc. when limited space or compact needs).
Fig. 2 to Fig. 5 shows the illustration of antenna system or antenna module 100 using the one or more aspects of the disclosure
Property embodiment.As disclosed herein, antenna system 100 is configured as so as to lower PIM and good bandwidth
And isolation.
Antenna system 100 includes two antennas 110 being separated from each other on ground plane 112.In this example, antenna
110 is being identical to one another and relatively close symmetrically placed each other on ground plane 112.In alternative embodiments, may be used
Asymmetricly to place antenna 110, can be dissimilar or different, and/or configured different from antenna 110.It is logical
The mode illustrated is crossed, another illustrative embodiment may include one or more antennas (for example, PIFA etc.), such as exist
As disclosed in PCT International Patent Application WO 2012/112022, all the contents of the application are herein incorporated by reference.
As shown in Figure 3, insulating adhesive tape 113 (in broad terms, dielectric components) is used in the bottom surface of antenna 110
Between ground plane 112, to prevent the direct electrical contact between antenna 110 and ground plane 112.Therefore, it is grounded in this example
Radiating element be to be grounded based on adjacent coupled.
Antenna 110 can be attached to pedestal 133 via machanical fastener etc., such as antenna 110 and insulating adhesive tape 113 wrap
It includes through opening for receiving machanical fastener.In addition, dielectric holder 136 can position or be inserted into pedestal 133 and antenna
Between the upper surface of 110 radiating patch elements 138.The holder 136 is configured to physically or mechanically supports have enough
Structural intergrity antenna 110 upper radiating patch elements 138.Alternative embodiment can be configured to difference, not have such as
Have holder or with it is different, be used to support radiating patch elements and/or the feelings of device for antenna to be connected to pedestal
Under condition.
With continued reference to Fig. 2 to Fig. 5, the first and second parasitic antennas 132 are respectively positioned in neighbouring first and second antennas
110 position is mounted on its side so that parasitic antenna 132 is not in electrical contact directly with antenna 110 or ground plane 112.
In this example, the first and second parasitic antennas 132 are identical and arrive pedestal 133 in connection (such as mechanical fastening etc.)
Relative to placing symmetrically to each other when (such as substrate etc.).Parasitic antenna 132 is introduced to enhance for low-frequency band and high frequency band two
The beamwidth of antenna of person ensure that good isolation between antenna 110 simultaneously.Similarly, the size and shape in gap 149 can be with
It is adjusted to be the slight adjustment on high frequency band and low-frequency band (Figure 16 A) offer resonance.
Antenna system 100 includes the first and second isolators 130 and 134.Size, shape and the position of isolator 130,134
(such as optimization etc.) can be determined to improve isolation and/or to increase bandwidth relative to antenna 110 and ground plane 112 by setting.
As shown in Figure 5, the second isolator 134 is essentially T-shaped and extends outwardly from ground plane 112 and is connect to increase
The electric current on ground.Isolator 134 is located substantially between antenna 110 so that is improved low by increasing the electric current of ground plane
Isolation when frequency band.In this example, isolator 134 is single-piece or the part for ground plane 112, has been formed
(such as punching press etc.) is with the T-shape coplanar with ground plane 112.Alternative embodiment may include the isolation of non-T shapes
Device and/or non-integration part that is individual, being connected to ground plane.
As shown in Fig. 5 and Figure 17 A to 17B, the first isolator 130 includes upright wall type isolator.The upright wall type every
From the free edge that device 130 may be configured such that upper part above ground plane 112 with the radiating patch elements of antenna 110
The height of 138 upper surface is identical.Alternative embodiment may include the isolator between antenna 110, match
It is set to and is different (such as non-rectangle, non-perpendicular to ground plane, higher or shorter etc.) with shown isolator.
Upright wall type isolator 130 is held in place by the global feature of pedestal 133 and/or ground plane 112, this is for example
Bonding area is reduced for the demand of pad on ground plane by eliminating, which can be additionally used for PCB being attached
To ground plane 112.The bonding area of reduction reduces the PIM that may occur due to welding and inconsistency.Such as Fig. 2,
In Figure 16 A and Figure 17 A, PCB retainers 128 are directly by pedestal 133 (such as plastic base etc.) injection molding and outside from it
Protrusion.Multiple components of PCB support 128 or the multiple portions of PCB support pass through the opening 123 in ground plane 112.Such as figure
Shown in 17A, multiple components of PCB support 128 can keep or support PCB or upright wall type isolator 130 so that only need
The PCB or isolator 130 are electrically connected to ground face 112 by single or two pads 129.
Alternatively, Figure 16 B and Figure 17 B show another illustrative embodiment, and wherein ground plane 112 includes by connecing
Ground 112 directly forms the PCB support of (such as fin 128 etc. of punching press and bending).The PCB support of the ground plane 112 can be with
Keep or support PCB or upright wall types isolator 130 so that only need single pad 129 that the PCB or isolator 130 are electrically connected
It is connected to ground plane 112.As illustrated in figure 16b, ground plane 112 includes the fin 128 of the first and second punching presses and bending, their bases
In sheet with respect to or with the fin 128 of third punching press and bending it is opposite.Fin 128 is substantially perpendicular to ground plane 112.Punching press and
Upright wall type isolator 130 can be kept or be supported in place by the fin 128 of bending so that only need single pad 129 (Figure 17 B)
Isolator 130 is electrically connected to ground face 112.For example, upright wall type isolator 130 has opposite the first side and second
Side.The upright wall type isolator 130 is positioned relative to fin 128 so that at least one fin is isolated along the upright wall type
First side of device 130 and the fin of at least one opposite side along the upright wall type isolator 130 the second side so that these
The cooperation of fin 128 is to keep upright wall type isolator 130 between them by friction.The isolator mounting device is for example logical
Cross elimination and bonding area advantageously reduced to the demand of pad on ground plane 112, the pad can be additionally used for by every
It is attached to ground plane 112 from device 130.The bonding area of reduction reduces the PIM that may occur due to welding and inconsistency.
Upright wall type isolator 130 substantially perpendicular to ground plane 112 and is vertical relative to the ground plane 112.
In the embodiment specifically illustrated at this, antenna 110 is equally spaced with upright wall type isolator 130.Antenna 110 is to enclose
It is limited in the opposite sides that symmetry axis is symmetrically arranged at upright wall type isolator 130 or by upright wall type isolator 130
Fixed so that each antenna 110 is substantially the mirror image of other antennas.
During operation, upright wall type isolator 130 improves isolation.Frequency when isolator 130 works is first
It is determined by the height of the length sum of 130 horizontal segment of isolator.Horizontal segment here shown in it is substantially flat in embodiment
Row is in ground plane 112.
As shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 6, Fig. 7 and Fig. 9, ground plane 112 includes integrally-formed (such as the fin of punching press and bending
124 etc.) feature 124 is for welding cable braid over braid 126.Which feature provides cable braid band 126 and ground plane 112 it
Between the electrical contact surface of (or at least reduce) that minimizes using as the unique transversal of integrally-formed features
Face contacts ground plane 112.Advantageously, this helps to prevent and (at least reducing) any cable braid band 126 and ground plane
The inconsistency in contact between 112.In this illustrative embodiment, ground plane 112 includes first pair and second pair
The fin 124 of punching press and bending, they are relative to ground plane 112 with sharp bend (such as 30 degree etc.).By example, Mei Geyi
Piece 124 all can be relative to ground plane 112 at 30 degree of angles so that between each pair of fin in first pair and second pair of fin 124
About at 60 degree of angles.Fig. 9 shows the welding point 125 and cable braid for the entire cable bearer 124 for being welded to ground plane 112
Band 126.In fig.9, the contact of the bottom 127 along cable braid band 126 is not present, the cable braid band is because of punching press and again
Positioning both ground plane materiel material but it is hollow or opening, to manufacture cable bearer 124.By comparing, Fig. 8 is shown for welding
The conventional method that coaxial cable braid over braid 126 arrives ground plane is connect, it in this way can be especially along the bottom 127 of cable braid band 126
Inconsistent contact is introduced, wherein there is no welding between cable braid band 126 and ground plane.
With reference to Fig. 6, Fig. 7, Figure 11, Figure 13 and Figure 14, the center conductor 131 of coaxial cable 137, which can connect, (such as to be welded
Deng) to the center conductor or contact 120 of antenna 110 and connector 114.It looks, connector 114 can be positioned to from below
So that hole (Figure 11 and Figure 13) of the center contact 120 of connector in the fin 140 of antenna 110.It is seen from above, together
The center conductor 131 of shaft cable 137 can be mounted on the wing in a manner of physical electrical contact or close to the center conductor 120 of connector
On piece 140, and weld together later.
In order to realize welding purpose, such as in figs. 13 and 14 shown in, the part 142 of antenna 110 can be removed (such as
Excision etc.).Antenna 110 further includes fin 144, is smaller and/or is reduced in size and (or is at least subtracted with minimum
It is small) the PIM problems and nonuniformity that may occur due to welding.
Antenna system 100 is additionally configured to weld the external contacts 122 of connector 114 with relatively small area
It is connected to ground plane 112.As shown in figure 13, there are four relatively small bonding areas for welding the contact 122 of connector 114 for tool
To ground plane 112 (Figure 10 A).As shown in Figure 16, ground plane 112 include opening 117 so that connector center contact 120
It is extended there through with four external contacts 122.Smaller bonding area also contributes to provide the design of low PIM.
Figure 10 to Figure 12 C shows an illustrative embodiment of connector 114, can be with antenna system 100
It is used together.As shown, connector 114 includes central contact or pin 120 and four external contacts or pin 122.Even
It further includes nut 146, stop washer 148 and O-ring 150 to connect device 114.
Advantageously, connector 114 is configured to have smaller welding pin to reduce bonding area, to reduce
PIM.The base material of connector shell is nonferromagnetic material, such as three metal alloys or Albaloy.These pins or contact
It is made of nonferromagnetic material, such as copper beryllium alloy.By using nonferromagnetic material, antenna system will have more preferable or lower
PIM performances.
In a special example, connector body/shell coating is the brass for having Albaloy surface.Contact
120,122 are the copper beryllium alloys for having gold surface.O-ring 150 is silicon rubber.Stop washer 148 and nut 146 are that have
The brass on Albaloy/copper surface.In this special example, connector 114 is also with 50 ohm of impedance, range 0
To the operation temperature of the maximum ゜ of VSWR and -55 C Zhi+125 ゜ C of 1.2 times of frequency, the overfrequency range of 6GHz.Special material,
Size and technical data just to exemplary purpose rather than the purpose for limitation.Alternative embodiment may include connecting
Device is connect, is configured as different, such as is made from a variety of materials, different sizes, different technical data etc..
As shown in Figure 2, dielectric components or insulator 116 be positioned in the upper surface of connector 114 and ground plane 112 it
Between (or at least subtract to make direct electrical contact between the upper surface of connector and ground plane 112 insulate and minimize
It is small).In this illustrative embodiment, insulator 116 is circular and by FR-4 fibrous glass reinforced epoxy resin
Laminated material is made.As shown in Figure 10 B, insulator 116 includes opening 118 so that outside the center contact 120 of connector and four
Portion's contact 122 extends there through to be electrically connected (such as welding etc.) to antenna 110 and ground plane 112.Alternative implementation
Mode may include different configuration of insulator, such as not rounded and/or be made from a different material.
The configuration of ground plane 112 can depend on, and be at least partially dependent on the final use for being intended for antenna system 100
On the way.Therefore, the special shape of ground plane 112, size and material (such as brass, other nonferromagnetic materials etc.) can change or
It is customized to different operability, functionality and/or physics needs.However consider 110 relatively small lower surface of antenna,
Ground plane 112 is configured as being sufficiently large to become the ground plane to play one's part to the full for antenna system 100.
In the embodiment shown in Figure 16, ground plane 112 has trapezoidal part and circular part.Ground plane
112 can be sized or trim to be matched to relatively small antenna house pedestal (such as pedestal 233, Figure 19 A in Figure 18 C
In pedestal 333 etc.) on and adapt to antenna house or shell (such as the antenna house 235 in Figure 18 A, the antenna house in Figure 19 A
335 etc.).Alternative embodiment may include having other shapes of different configuration of ground plane, other shapes such as Figure 11
Shown in shape, non-trapezoidal, non-rectangle, generally rectangle, generally trapezoidal etc..
Using ground plane, it can increase or maximize length to increase bandwidth.As described above, however, the ruler of ground plane 112
It is very little can be sufficiently small so that it can be limited in relatively small antenna shade assembly.For example, illustrative embodiment can
There is about 219 millimeters or smaller to be installed in include the ground plane 112 for being configured (such as determining shape and size)
It (is shown in Figure 18 C) on the circular antenna cover pedestal 233 of diameter.
Smaller ground plane may not have the current length for being sufficiently used for some terminal uses.As shown in FIG. 4, it connects
Ground 112 includes T-type extension or isolator 134.The isolator is isolated by increasing the current length of ground plane 112 and improving
Property and play improve bandwidth purpose.
Referring to Fig.1 4, the driving radiant section of antenna 110 include radiating patch elements 138 (or it is more broadly for, upper radiometer
Face or planar radiator).Radiating patch elements 138 include being used to form multi-frequency (such as from 698 megahertzs to 960 megahertz
And the frequency etc. from 1710 megahertzs to 2700 megahertz) and for the modulating frequency in high band slot 139.Slot
139 may be configured such that, antenna 110 improves return loss level in high-frequency or high band for higher repairing.
For the selection of small shape repairing, slot may not need improvement high band in other embodiments.In the shown illustration
Property embodiment in, slot 139 be substantially rectangle (in addition to the part 142 of removal) and divide radiating patch elements 138
So as to by antenna 110 be configured to resonance or can be at least first frequency range and different from (such as non-overlapping, not phase
It is handing over, higher etc.) operation in the second frequency of first frequency range.For example, the first frequency may range from from about
698 megahertzs to about 960 megahertzs, while the second frequency range can be from about 1710 megahertzs to about 2,700,000,000
Hertz.Alternatively, for example antenna 110 can be operated across from about 698MHz to the single broadband of about 2700MHz.However
Without departing from the scope of this disclosure, slot 139 is configurable to different frequency ranges and/or is suitble to any other
Shape, such as straight line, curve, wave, meander line, rhizoma nelumbinis line and/or non-linear shape etc..Slot 139 is in spoke
It penetrates in surface mount elements 138 and removes the part of conductive material.For example, radiating patch elements 138 can be initially formed with slot 139, or
Person's slot 139 can be by removing conductive material from the formation of radiating patch elements 138, such as etching, cutting, punching press etc..
In another other embodiment, slot 139 can be formed by non-conductive or dielectric material, such as pass through printing
Etc. modes be added on radiating patch elements 138.
Radiating patch elements 138 are spaced apart with the lower surface 141 of antenna 110 and are arranged above it.It is only logical
Citing is crossed, radiating patch elements 138 may include top surface, about 20 millimeters of the position above the bottom of lower surface.
This size and all other size provided at this is all only for exemplary purpose, because other embodiment can be with
For different sizes.
In this example, radiating patch elements 138 and lower surface 141 be substantially parallel to each other and be also plane or it is flat
Smooth.Alternative embodiment may include different configuration, such as non-planar, non-flat forms formula and/or non-parallel radiation element
Part and lower surface.
Antenna 110 includes feed element 143 (Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 7).Fin 140 (Fig. 7) is along the feed element 143
Bottom provides or is operable as feed point.The center conductor 131 of coaxial cable 137 and the center contact 120 of connector 141 can
To be electrically connected to each other (such as welding) and be electrically connected to fin 114 for being fed to antenna 110.
In operation, the feed point of antenna 110 can be received by aerial radiation surface mount elements 138 from coaxial cable 137
Signal to be irradiated, these signals can be by coaxial cables 137 from receptions such as transceivers.On the contrary, coaxial cable 137 can be with
Signal is received from the feed point of antenna 110, these signals are received by radiating patch elements 138.Alternative embodiment can be with
Including other feeding means or in the other device fed to antenna 110 of coaxial cable (transmission line etc.).
With reference to Fig. 3, feed element 143 is electrically connected between radiating patch elements 138 and lower surface 141 and extends herein.
Because feed element 143 can be defined or regard as antenna 110 between radiating patch elements 138 and lower surface 141
The side integrally shown, so feed element 143 can be wider.In this illustrative embodiment, 143 quilt of feed element
It is electrically connected between the edge of radiating patch elements 138 and lower surface 141 and extends herein.In other embodiments, however,
Feed element may be electrically connected to the lower surface of radiating patch elements and/or antenna on the position spaced inward with edge.
Also as shown in figure 3, feed element 143 include along the opposed side portions of the feed element 143 taper or to
The features 145 being inside tapered.The purpose of impedance matching is configurable to the feed element 143 in tapered feature portion 145
And widen the beamwidth of antenna so that antenna 110 can be operated at least two frequency ranges.
In the illustrated embodiment, tapered feature portion 145 includes the lateral edge portions of feed element 143, gradually
Or the angularly inwardly centre of the feed element 143.Unlike, the lateral edge portions 145 of feed element 143 along
These marginal portions on the direction from radiating patch elements 138 downstream towards lower surface 141 gradually or angularly
Inwardly toward each other.Therefore, the upper part of feed element 143 that is neighbouring and being connected to radiating patch elements 138 is because of tapered feature
Portion or inwardly angled side edge portions 145 and reduce width.In alternative embodiments, feed element 143 can
To include only one or not include tapered feature portion.
The lower surface 141 of antenna 110 may be considered as ground plane.However according to special final use, lower surface
141 size can be relatively small and be not enough to provide fully effective ground plane.In such an embodiment, under
Surface 141 is primarily useful for antenna 110 being mechanically attached to pedestal 133, which is connected to sufficiently large connect in turn
Ground.
Antenna 110 further includes the first and second short-circuit parts 160,162.The first and second short-circuit part 160,162 is electrically connected
To extending between radiating patch elements 138 and lower surface 141 and herein.In this illustrative embodiment, first and
Two short-circuit parts 160,162 by along radiating patch elements 138 edge and lower surface 141 be electrically connected.In other embodiment
In, however, the first and/or second short-circuit part 160,162 can be electrically connected to radiation patch on the inward position being spaced apart with edge
Piece element 138 and/or lower surface 141.In addition, the first and second short-circuit parts 160,162 may also contribute to radiating patch elements
138 are mechanically supported on the top of the lower surface 141 of antenna 110.
First short-circuit part 160 is configurable or forms the operation in order to provide base antenna or function.For example, the first short-circuit part
160 can configure or be formed so that the smaller radiating patch elements 138 of use, be, for example, less than the paster antenna of a half-wavelength.Pass through
Radiating patch elements 138, can be sized such that by citing, and the summation of length and width is about required resonance frequency
The a quarter wavelength length (1/4 λ) of rate.
Second short-circuit part 162 it is configurable or formed so as to first, low-frequency range or bandwidth (such as from 698 megahertzs to
960 megahertzs of frequency etc.) when improve or improve antenna 110 bandwidth.Therefore, the second short-circuit part 162 can make by opening up
Wide bandwidth uses smaller patch.Therefore the illustrative antenna 110 includes double short-circuit (via elements 160,162) and has
The radiating element 138 of slot 139 is to excite multiple frequencies while improve the bandwidth of antenna 110.
In this illustrative embodiment, the first short-circuit part 160 is substantially flat or plane formula, rectangular
And perpendicular to upper radiating patch elements 138 and lower surface 141.Alternative embodiment may include different configuration of first
Short-circuit part, such as non-flat forms formula short circuit part and/or short-circuit part are not orthogonal to radiating patch elements 138 and/or lower surface 141.
Equally in this illustrative embodiment, the second short-circuit part 162 is configured such that entire length is more than spoke
Penetrate the spacing or gap that surface mount elements 138 are separated with lower surface 141.In this example, the second short-circuit part 162 has non-planar
Or non-flat forms formula configuration.As shown in Figure 14, the second short-circuit part 162 includes flat or plane formula first or lower part
164.First part 164 is neighbouring and perpendicular to the lower surface of antenna 110 141.Second short-circuit part 162 further includes neighbouring and connects
To the second or upper part 166 of radiating patch elements 138.The second part 166 and first part 164 are non-coplanar and phase
The first part 164 is outwardly protruded or extended, therefore is provided with three-dimensional, non-flat forms formula or non-planar configuration
Second short-circuit part 162.
By way of example, second part 166 may include bending part, building trapezoidal portions, the part configured with staged
Etc..In alternative embodiments, of different shapes first can be arranged between radiating patch elements and the lower surface of antenna
And/or the second short-circuit part.Such as when viewed from the side, the second short-circuit part 162 can have flat configuration.Second short-circuit part can
With perpendicular to the upper and lower surface of antenna 110, wherein when in terms of front or the back side, which can have
Have tortuous or nonlinear configuration so that its length than between the upper and lower surface of antenna spacing distance or gap it is long.The
Two short-circuit parts can be not orthogonal to the upper and lower surface of antenna, and wherein the second short-circuit part 162 has than above and below antenna
The length to be grown of spacing distance or gap between surface.First and second short-circuit parts 160,162 should not be limited only to shown in attached drawing
Specific shape.
Fig. 3 shows that the capacitive load part 170 of antenna 110, configuration or formation (such as be bent or fold back) are
It is used for widening to provide at second, high-frequency range or high bandwidth (such as frequency etc. from 1710 megahertzs to 2700 megahertz)
The capacitive load of the bandwidth of antenna 110.As shown in FIG. 3, which extends internally and substantially from feed element 143
On be disposed between radiating patch elements 138 and the lower surface 141 of antenna 110.Alternative embodiment can be configured as with
It is different shown in Fig. 3 (for example, in no capacitive load or back bending part etc.).
As shown in Figure 14, the embodiment of the antenna 110 shown includes being located on two anti-both sides of the second short-circuit part 162
Capacitive load part or stitch 172.By these elements 172 configure or be formed to generate for by antenna 110 be tuned to one
The capacitive load of a or multiple frequencies.For example, element 172 can be configured for by antenna 110 be tuned to first or low-frequency range
Or low bandwidth (such as frequency etc. from 698 megahertzs to 960 megahertz) and be tuned to second or high frequency or high bandwidth (such as
Frequency etc. from 1710 megahertzs to 2700 megahertz).Alternative embodiment, which is configurable to be different, (such as not to be had
When capacitive load or stitch etc.).
In illustrative embodiment, antenna 110 can be passed through by single-piece conduction nonferromagnetic material (such as brass etc.)
Punching press (such as via single punching press or continuous punching technology etc.) and bending, folding or other formation stamping material parts hereafter
Mode and be formed as one formula or monomer-type.Antenna 110 can not include any dielectric (such as plastics) substrate, in following table
The top of the ground plane of 141 top of face or antenna 110 mechanically supports or hangs upper radiating patch elements 138.It replaces
, it can mechanically support by the short-circuit part of antenna the upper radiating patch elements of antenna 110 in the top of lower surface 141
138.Therefore, antenna 110 can be considered to be between radiating patch elements 138 and lower surface 141 have inflation substrate or
The air gap, this to have saved cost because eliminating dielectric substrate.Alternative embodiment may include in ground plane or day
The lower surface of line and/or one or more non-Unitaries form but are attached respectively to the component of antenna or the top branch of element
The dielectric substrate of radiating patch elements in support.
The material of wide scope can be used for the component of antenna system disclosed herein.By way of example, it antenna, isolator and connects
Ground can all be made of brass or nonferromagnetic material.In this example, it can be preferably non-any ferromagnetic material or ferromagnetic section
Part, and may be the source of other PIM.It can be according to the adaptability of the material for welding, hardness and at original selection spy
Fixed nonferromagnetic material.
Figure 18 A to Figure 18 C show the illustrative embodiment 200 for including antenna system 100 (Fig. 2 to Fig. 5).Antenna house
235 are positioned in the top of antenna system 200 and are connected to pedestal 233.In this example, pedestal 233 has about 219 millimeters
Diameter (for example, 218.7+/- 1 millimeters etc.).Entire antenna house and base assembly (Figure 18 B) have about 43.5 millimeters whole
Body height (for example, 43.5+/- 1 millimeters etc.).It is equally the threaded portion outwardly protruded from pedestal 233 shown in Figure 18 B.
Only as an example, threaded portion can with about 50.8 millimeters and 1 " -8 thread size.Also show from threaded portion to
The exit formula connector of outer extension.It can be by the way that pedestal 233 be located on the side of support surface and nut will be installed
246 and stop washer or liner 248 (for example, backing plates etc.) installation and be tightened on the threaded portion on the opposite side of support surface
To install antenna system 200.In the illustrative embodiments for breaking rubber locking liner into two with one's hands, rubber locking liner can be removed
And when antenna system 200 is installed to ceiling tile without using rubber locking liner.The illustrative size provided in attached drawing
With all other size given here is merely illustrative is used, therefore size can be set as different by alternative embodiment.
Figure 19A and Figure 19B shows the illustrative embodiment 300 for also including antenna system 100 (Fig. 2 to Fig. 5), wherein
Antenna house 335 is installed in the top of antenna system 300 and is coupled to pedestal 333.However the illustrative embodiment 300 takes
Include fixed NF bulk-head connectors for exit formula connector shown in Figure 18 B.
Figure 20 to Figure 29 provides the measurement analysis result of the test model 200 shown in Figure 18 A, Figure 18 B and Figure 18 C.
The test model 200 includes antenna system 100 (Fig. 2 to Fig. 5), is installed in antenna house and is configured to exit formula
Connector.These merely illustrative are used of analysis result and be not intended to limit.
More specifically, Figure 20 include for original antenna system 200 and measure voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) (S11,
S22) and isolation (S21 is as unit of decibel) is to the exemplary line graph of frequency.Substantially, Figure 20 is shown using good
Voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) and operate original antenna system 200 using relatively good isolation between two antennas 110
Process.
Figure 22 to Figure 29 shows the first and second multifrequencies to the original antenna system 200 with exit formula connector
The radiation diagram (90 ゜ planes of azimuthal plane, 0 ゜ planes of PHi and PHi) measured with antenna 110 is (with dotted line and solid
It is shown) and in figure 21 shown in, frequency respectively about 698 megahertzs (MHz), 824MHz, 894MHz, 960MHz,
Figure when 1785MHz, 1910MHz, 2110MHz and 2700MHz is orientated.In general, Figure 22 to Figure 29 is shown quite
In the radiation diagram (small profile antenna radiation diagram) and 200 good efficiency of antenna system of omnidirectional.Therefore, antenna system 200 has
Have big bandwidth, this be allowed for include the wireless communication device of FDD and TDD LTE frequencies or frequency range multioperation frequency range.This
Outside, the antenna system 200 of the illustrative embodiment have as conventional PIFA antenna (for example, PIFA10 shown in Fig. 1) that
The vertical direction of sample or the polarization of horizontal direction.
Figure 30 and Figure 31 is passive intermodulation (PIM) to the original antenna system 200 with exit formula connector (Figure 18 B)
Port 1 and 2 measure frequency exemplary line graph.As shown, antenna system 200 is in low-frequency band (Figure 30) and high frequency band
(Figure 31) all has lower PIM performances (such as less than -150dBc etc.).Such as antenna system 200 can preferably have-
The low PIM of 153dBc or in low-frequency band and the lower PIM of high frequency band.
It is with first and second days to the original antenna system 200 (Figure 18 B) with exit formula connector below
The performance that line 110 (Fig. 2 to Fig. 5) measures gained summarizes the Tables 1 and 2s of data.As shown in the tables, there is exit formula
The original antenna system 200 of connector has good efficiency by entire frequency band, better at low-frequency band.
Table 1 (has the first antenna for drawing terminal adapter)
Table 2 (has the second antenna for drawing terminal adapter)
Figure 32 to Figure 42, which is provided, measures test model shown in Figure 19A and Figure 19B 300 obtained analysis
As a result.Test model 300 includes antenna system 100 (Fig. 2 to Fig. 5), is installed in antenna house and through walls configured with NF
Formula connector.These analysis results are merely illustrative to be used, it is not intended that limitation.
More specifically, Figure 32 includes the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) that gained is measured to artificial antenna system 300
The exemplary line graph of (S11, S22) and isolation (S21 is as unit of decibel) to frequency.Usually, Figure 32 is shown
With good voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) and between two antennas 110, relatively good isolation carrys out operation simulation antenna system
300 process.
Figure 33 to Figure 40 is shown to the artificial antenna system 300 with fixed NF bulk-head connectors (Figure 19 B)
First and second multiband aerials 110 respectively about 698 megahertzs (MHz), 824MHz, 894MHz, 960MHz, 1785MHz,
Measured under the frequency of 1910MHz, 2110MHz and 2700MHz radiation diagram (azimuthal plane, 0 ゜ planes of PHi and
90 ゜ planes of PHi) (shown in solid line and dotted line).The figure that some row tests are shown in FIG. 21 is orientated.Usually, scheme
33 to Figure 40 show the radiating pattern (small profile antenna radiation diagram) and 300 good effect of antenna system for being equivalent to omnidirectional
Rate.Therefore, antenna system 300 have big bandwidth, this be allowed for include FDD and TDD LTE frequencies or frequency band channel radio
The multioperation frequency band of T unit.In addition, the antenna system 300 of the illustrative embodiment have as conventional PIFA antenna (for example,
Traditional PI FA10 shown in FIG. 1) as vertical direction or horizontal direction polarization.
Figure 41 and Figure 42 is the port 1 to the artificial antenna system 300 with fixed NF bulk-head connectors (Figure 19 B)
Exemplary line graph of the passive intermodulation (PIM) measured with 2 to frequency.As shown, antenna system 300 is at low-frequency band (Figure 41)
All there is lower PIM performances (such as less than -150dBc etc.) with high frequency band (Figure 42).Such as antenna system 300 can be preferred
The low PIM with -153dBc or lower PIM in low-frequency band and high frequency band.
It is with the first He to the artificial antenna system 300 (Figure 19 B) with fixed NF bulk-head connectors below
The performance that second antenna 110 (Fig. 2 to Fig. 5) measures gained summarizes the table 3 and table 4 of data.As shown in the tables, have solid
The artificial antenna system 300 of fixed NF bulk-head connectors has good effect by entire frequency band, in low-frequency band timeliness
Fruit is more preferably.
Table 3 (first antenna with fixed NF bulk-head connectors)
Table 4 (the second antenna with fixed NF bulk-head connectors)
The illustrative embodiment of antenna system disclosed herein allows the multioperation frequency band more than wireless communication device.It is logical
Citing is crossed, antenna system disclosed herein can be configured as operable or such as 3GPP (third generation partner program)
Defined by cover FDD (frequency division duplex) and TDD (time division duplex) LTE (long term evolution) frequency range (lower section table 5).Pass through background skill
Art, different frequency bands be used to carry out sending and receiving operation by FDD technologies, that is, it is not mutual to send and receive data-signal
Interference.By comparing, TDD technologies distribute different time threads in same frequency band for uplink and downgoing line.
Table 5
| Frequency band | Uplink MHz | Downgoing line MHz | |
| 1 | 1920-1980 | 2110-2170 | FDD |
| 2 | 1850-1910 | 1930-1990 | FDD |
| 3 | 1710-1785 | 1805-1880 | FDD |
| 4 | 1710-1755 | 2110-2155 | FDD |
| 5 | 824-849 | 869-894 | FDD |
| 6 | 830-840 | 875-885 | FDD |
| 7 | 2500-2570 | 2620-2690 | FDD |
| 8 | 880-915 | 925-960 | FDD |
| 9 | 1749-1784 | 1844-1879 | FDD |
| 10 | 1710-1770 | 2110-2170 | FDD |
| 11 | 1427-1452 | 1475-1500 | FDD |
| 12 | 698-716 | 728-746 | FDD |
| 13 | 777-787 | 746-756 | FDD |
| 14 | 788-798 | 758-768 | FDD |
| 17 | 704-716 | 734-746 | FDD |
| 18 | 815-830 | 860-875 | FDD |
| 19 | 830-845 | 875-890 | FDD |
| 20 | 832-862 | 791-821 | FDD |
| 21 | 1448-1463 | 1496-1511 | FDD |
| 33 | 1900-1920 | 1900-1920 | TDD |
| 34 | 2010-2025 | 2010-2025 | TDD |
| 35 | 1850-1910 | 1850-1910 | TDD |
| 36 | 1930-1990 | 1930-1990 | TDD |
| 37 | 1910-1930 | 1910-1930 | TDD |
| 38 | 2570-2620 | 2570-2620 | TDD |
| 39 | 1880-1920 | 1880-1920 | TDD |
| 40 | 2300-2400 | 2300-2400 | TDD |
In illustrative embodiment, including the antenna system of one or more multiband can be (such as with double short
Road part and changed from PIFA antennas shown in FIG. 1, there is the modification PIFA etc. of double short-circuit parts) be operable to cover it is all with
On the frequency range with good voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) listed and with relatively good efficiency.Alternative embodiment can
With including can operate it is at least all of above fixed or than all of above fixed more frequencies and/or
Person can operate the antenna system of the frequency different from above-mentioned fixed frequency.
The illustrative embodiment of antenna system (such as 100,200,300 etc.) disclosed herein is suitable for widely answering
With field, such as more than one antenna will be used, such as LTE/4G applications and/or infrastructure antenna system (such as client
Equipment (CPE), satellite navigation system, alarm system, terminal, center and domestic aerial etc.).Antenna system (such as 100,
200,300 etc.) be configurable to be used as omnidirectional's mimo antenna, although be not limited in terms of the disclosure omnidirectional and/or
Mimo antenna.Antenna system (such as 100,200,300 etc.) disclosed herein can be carried out in the electronic device, such as machine
To machine, vehicle, building unit etc..In the case, built-in aerial component will usually be built into electronic equipment casing
And it is covered with.Such as another example, antenna system can be instead accommodated in radome fairing, which can be with
With lower shape.In the latter case, built-in aerial component will be accommodated in radome fairing and be covered by the radome fairing.Cause
This, antenna system disclosed herein should not necessarily be limited by any one special terminal use.
Illustrative embodiments are provided as：The displosure will be detailed and range be fully conveyed to that of this field
A little technical staff.Many details are listed, the embodiment of such as specific component, device and method is thoroughly to understand this Shen
Embodiment please.For those skilled in the art it should be understood that：Without detail；Illustrative embodiments
Many different forms can be embodied in；And illustrative embodiments should not be interpreted as to limitation scope of the present application.
In several illustrative embodiments, known processes, known apparatus structure and known technology are not described in detail.In addition, only for
The purpose offer illustrated can be not intended to limit the application by the advantage and improvement that one or more embodiments of the application are realized
Range because illustrative embodiments disclosed herein can provide all or not provide above-mentioned advantage and improvement completely and still fall
Enter in scope of the present application.
Specific size, specific material and/or concrete shape disclosed herein are substantially embodiment, are not intended to limit the application
Range.The special value of given parameters disclosed herein and the range of special value are not excluded in one or more to exist
Useful other numerical value and numberical range in the embodiment of the displosure.Furthermore, it is contemplated that：Design parameter described herein is appointed
Two special values can limit the numberical range suitable for given parameters endpoint (such as the first numerical value of given parameters and second number
The disclosure of value can be interpreted to：Any value between first numerical value and second value can also be used for given parameters).For example, such as
Fruit parameter X is illustrated as herein with numerical value A and is illustrated as with numerical value Z, then being contemplated that：Parameter X can have
From about A to the numberical range of about Z.Similar, it can be envisaged that：Two or more numberical ranges of parameter disclosure (no matter
These ranges whether intussusception, overlapping or difference) combination of all possible numberical range is included, it may be required that the numerical value
The endpoint that disclosed range is applied in combination of range.For example, if parameter X be illustrated as herein have 1 to 10 or 2 to 9,
Or 3 to 8 numerical value in range, then it is likewise contemplated that：It includes 1 to 9 that parameter X, which can have, 1 to 8,1 to 3,1 to 2,2 to 10,
2 to 8,2 to 3,3 to 10 and 3 to 9 other numberical ranges.
Term as used herein is merely to describe detailed illustrative embodiments, it is not intended to be limited.Such as exist
What this was used, singulative " one " can also be intended to include plural form with " this/that ", explicitly indicate that unless the context otherwise.Art
Language "comprising", " comprising " and " having " are inclusives, and thus specifically illustrate the feature, entirety, step, operation,
The presence of element and/or component, but be not excluded for one or more of the other feature, entirety, step, operation, component, assembly unit and/or
The presence of a combination thereof is additional.Be not meant to by method described here the step of, process and operation be built into and necessarily require it
According to it is described or shown in detailed sequence execute, unless the detailed sequence is specifically identified as executing sequence.It should also be understood that
Additional or alternative step can be used.
When element or layer be referred to as " --- on ", " being bonded to ", " being connected to " or " being attached to " another element or when layer,
Element or layer may directly exist ----go up, engage, connect or be attached to other elements or layer, or there may be intermediary element or
Layer.In contrast, when element is referred to as " directly exist --- on ", " being spliced directly to ", " being connected directly to " or " being attached directly to "
When another element or layer, intermediary element or layer may be not present.It should explain in an identical manner for describing relationship between element
Other words (such as " between --- between " and " directly exist --- ", " adjoining " are relative to " abutting directly against " etc.).As herein
It is used, term " and/or " include any of associated one or more institutes list or all combinations.
Term " about " is used to indicate when numerical value：Result of calculation or measurement result is allowed slightly to owe accurately (to connect in terms of numerical value
Nearly exact value；It is approximate or reasonably close to numerical value；Almost).For some reason, if in addition provided by " about " not smart
Exactness is not understood in the art with this usual meaning, then " about " as used herein expression can be by measuring or using these ginsengs
The change at least that several conventional methods generates.For example, term " substantially ", " about " and " basic " can be used for referring to herein
(for example, +/- 30 ', 0 plane of angle is into being made as +/- 0.5,1 plane is into being made as +/- 0.25,2 plane systems within the scope of fabrication tolerance
It is +/- 0.13 etc.).Whether it is changed by term " about ", claim all includes equivalent amount.
Although term first, second, third, etc. can be used for describing Various Components, component, region, layer and/or portion herein
Point, but these component, assembly units, region, layer and/or part should not be limited by these terms.These terms can be only used for distinguishing
One component, assembly unit, region, layer or part and other regions, layer or partial difference.When using such as " first ", " the herein
Two " and other many terms etc term when do not imply that order or sequence, unless context explicitly indicates that.Therefore, with
First element, component, region, layer or the part of lower discussion can be referred to second element, component, region, layer arc portion point without de-
Teaching from illustrative embodiments.
Such as spatially phase of " inside " " outside " " down below " " in lower section ", " lower part " " above " " top " or the like
The term of pass can be used for herein convenient for description to describe an elements or features shown in attached drawing and another elements or features
Relationship.Spatially relevant term can also be intended to be included in the difference with device or operation in addition to the orientation described in including attached drawing
Orientation.For example, if the device in attached drawing is operated, it is described as be at other elements or features lower sections or beneath element
Then it can be oriented in above other elements or features.Therefore, embodiment term may include " in lower section " " above " and " under
The orientation of side " two.Device can be otherwise oriented and (be rotated by 90 ° or rotate at other orientations), be used herein to be interpreted accordingly
Spatially relevant description.
In order to the purpose for illustrating and describing provide embodiment in preceding description.It is not intended limit or limits this Shen
Please.The discrete component of specific implementation mode, the expected or purposes or feature are not restricted to this specific embodiment party substantially
Formula, even if but be not explicitly shown or described out, be tradable in appropriate circumstances and can be used in selected implementation
In mode.Also same embodiment can be changed in many ways.These changes are not regarded as a departure from the application, and own
These modifications ought to include within the scope of application.
Cross reference to related applications
This application claims in September in 2013 submit within 17th application No. is the Malaysia of No.PI2013701673
The equity and priority of application.The complete disclosure of above-mentioned application will be incorporated herein by reference.
Claims (14)
1. a kind of antenna system with low passive intermodulation, the antenna system with low passive intermodulation include：
Ground plane；
First antenna and the second antenna；
The first isolator being arranged between the first antenna and second antenna；
From outwardly extending second isolator of the ground plane；
First connector and the second connector, first connector and the second connector all have and are soldered to and are thus electrically connected
It is connected at least one central contact portion of the corresponding first antenna or second antenna and is soldered to and thus electricity
It is connected at least one external contacts of the ground plane；And
First electrical insulator and the second electrical insulator, first electrical insulator and the second electrical insulator are respectively positioned described
Between the upper surface of first connector and the ground plane and the upper surface and the ground plane of second connector, so that
The upper surface of first connector and the upper surface of the second connector are electrically insulated with the electrical-contact area between the ground plane
And reduce, to reduce passive intermodulation；
Wherein, the ground plane and first electrical insulator and the second electrical insulator include opening therethrough, so that institute
At least one central contact portion and at least one external contacts for stating the first connector and the second connector pass through
And it is soldered to and is electrically connected to the corresponding first antenna and the second antenna and in the opposite of the ground plane
Side is connected to the ground plane, the upper surface of first connector and the upper surface of the second connector and the ground plane it
Between there is no directly electrical contact；
To which the antenna system is configured to the bonding area of electrical contact surface and reduction with the metal to metal reduced
So as to be operated with low passive intermodulation.
2. the antenna system according to claim 1 with low passive intermodulation, wherein the ground plane, the isolator
And the first antenna and second antenna are made of nonferromagnetic material.
3. the antenna system according to claim 1 with low passive intermodulation, wherein the antenna system does not include any
Ferromagnetic material or ferromagnetic parts.
4. the antenna system according to any one of claim 1 to 3 with low passive intermodulation, wherein the aerial system
System can be relative to frequency from about 698 megahertzs to about 960 megahertz and/or from about 1710 megahertzs to about 2700
Megahertz carrier wave (dBc) operated with the passive intermodulation less than -150 decibels.
5. the antenna system according to any one of claim 1 to 3 with low passive intermodulation, wherein：
First connector and the second connector include the first bulk-head connector and the second bulk-head connector, and described first
Bulk-head connector and the second bulk-head connector all have at least one central contact portion and four external contacts, in described
Heart contact site is made of nonferromagnetic material and is soldered to and is electrically connected to the corresponding first antenna or described the
Two antennas, the external contacts are made of nonferromagnetic material and are soldered to and are electrically connected to the ground plane；
First electrical insulator and the second electrical insulator are respectively positioned in the upper of corresponding first bulk-head connector
Between surface and the upper surface and the ground plane of the ground plane and corresponding second bulk-head connector, so that institute
State the electrical contact between the upper surface of the first bulk-head connector and the upper surface of the second bulk-head connector and the ground plane
Area is electrically insulated and reduces, to reduce passive intermodulation；And
The ground plane and first electrical insulator and the second electrical insulator include opening therethrough, so that described first
The central contact portion and four external contacts of bulk-head connector and the second bulk-head connector pass through and by
It welds and is electrically connected to the corresponding first antenna and the second antenna and be connected in the opposite side of the ground plane
The ground plane, in the upper surface of first bulk-head connector and the upper surface of the second bulk-head connector and the ground connection
There is no be directly in electrical contact between face.
6. the antenna system according to any one of claim 1 to 3 with low passive intermodulation, wherein described second every
From the generally t-shaped extension being located substantially between the first antenna and the second antenna that device includes the ground plane,
Described in the second isolator be the integral part of the ground plane and coplanar with the ground plane, to described generally t-shaped
Extension increase the electric current of the ground plane, this improves the isolation in low frequency.
7. the antenna system according to any one of claim 1 to 3 with low passive intermodulation should have low passive intermodulation
Antenna system further comprise the dielectric adhesive tape being arranged between the ground plane and the first antenna and the second antenna,
To prevent the direct electrical contact between the first antenna and the second antenna and the ground plane, the thus ground connection of radiating element
It is to be grounded based on local coupling.
8. the antenna system according to any one of claim 1 to 3 with low passive intermodulation should have low passive intermodulation
Antenna system further comprise that first parasitic antenna adjacent with the corresponding first antenna and the second antenna and second is posted
Raw element to increase bandwidth, wherein first parasitic antenna and the second parasitic antenna not with the first antenna and the second antenna
Directly it is in electrical contact.
9. the antenna system according to any one of claim 1 to 3 with low passive intermodulation, wherein the aerial system
System can at least from about 698 megahertzs to about 960 megahertz first frequency range and from about 1710 megahertzs
It is operated within the scope of to about 2700 megahertzs of second frequencies；Or
The antenna system can operate in the frequency range from about 698 megahertzs to about 2700 megahertz.
10. the antenna system according to any one of claim 1 to 3 with low passive intermodulation,
Wherein, the ground plane includes integrally formed fin, and cable braid over braid is soldered to said integrally formed fin, from
And the direct electricity that said integrally formed fin is configured for reducing between the cable braid over braid and the ground plane connects
Surface is touched, wherein said integrally formed fin includes a pair of of fin, the pair of fin is stamped simultaneously from the ground plane
And it is bent with acute angle relative to the ground plane.
11. the antenna system according to any one of claim 1 to 3 with low passive intermodulation,
Wherein, the ground plane includes integrally formed features, and cable braid over braid is soldered to said integrally formed feature
Portion, to said integrally formed features be configured for reducing it is straight between the cable braid over braid and the ground plane
Connect electrical contact surface；And
Wherein, the said integrally formed features of the ground plane include first pair of fin and second pair of fin, described first
It is stamped from the ground plane to fin and second pair of fin and is bent with acute angle relative to the ground plane.
12. the antenna system according to any one of claim 1 to 3 with low passive intermodulation,
Wherein, pedestal and/or the ground plane include integrally formed features, for first isolator to be remained base
Perpendicular to the ground plane on this.
13. the antenna system according to any one of claim 1 to 3 with low passive intermodulation,
Wherein, pedestal and/or the ground plane include integrally formed features, for first isolator to be remained base
Perpendicular to the ground plane on this；And
Wherein, said integrally formed features include opening in the ground plane outwardly protruded from the pedestal it is more
A part, wherein first isolator to be maintained between the multiple part by the multiple partial cooperative by friction.
14. the antenna system according to any one of claim 1 to 3 with low passive intermodulation,
Wherein, pedestal and/or the ground plane include integrally formed features, for first isolator to be remained base
Perpendicular to the ground plane on this；And
Wherein, said integrally formed features include being stamped from the ground plane and being substantially perpendicular to the ground connection
Face and the first fin and the second fin bent, first isolator include upright with the first opposite side and the second side
Wall type isolator, the upright wall type isolator are positioned relative to first fin and the second fin so that described first
Fin is along first side and second fin of the upright wall type isolator along the upright wall type isolator
The second side, to which first fin and the cooperation of the second fin are with will the upright wall type isolator holding by friction
Between first fin and the second fin.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| MYPI2013701673 | 2013-09-17 | ||
| MYPI2013701673 | 2013-09-17 | ||
| USPCT/US2014/050301 | 2014-08-08 | ||
| PCT/US2014/050301 WO2015041768A1 (en) | 2013-09-17 | 2014-08-08 | Antenna systems with low passive intermodulation (pim) |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104518288A CN104518288A (en) | 2015-04-15 |
| CN104518288B true CN104518288B (en) | 2018-09-07 |
Family
ID=52689252
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201420532174.8U Expired - Lifetime CN204243211U (en) | 2013-09-17 | 2014-09-16 | There is the antenna system of low passive intermodulation |
| CN201410472083.4A Active CN104518288B (en) | 2013-09-17 | 2014-09-16 | antenna system with low passive intermodulation (PIM) |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201420532174.8U Expired - Lifetime CN204243211U (en) | 2013-09-17 | 2014-09-16 | There is the antenna system of low passive intermodulation |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (2) | CN204243211U (en) |
| TW (2) | TWI538303B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2015041768A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2015041768A1 (en) * | 2013-09-17 | 2015-03-26 | Laird Technologies, Inc. | Antenna systems with low passive intermodulation (pim) |
| US10312583B2 (en) | 2013-09-17 | 2019-06-04 | Laird Technologies, Inc. | Antenna systems with low passive intermodulation (PIM) |
| WO2016018547A1 (en) | 2014-08-01 | 2016-02-04 | Laird Technologies, Inc. | Antenna systems with low passive intermodulation (pim) |
| CN105071025B (en) * | 2015-06-24 | 2019-07-26 | 中国铁塔股份有限公司山西省分公司 | A kind of dual chamber interior suction top wideband omnidirectional mimo antenna |
| US9680215B2 (en) * | 2015-07-21 | 2017-06-13 | Laird Technologies, Inc. | Omnidirectional broadband antennas including capacitively grounded cable brackets |
| CN106058491B (en) * | 2016-08-11 | 2019-06-04 | 江苏吴通物联科技有限公司 | 4G integrally declines multi-antenna arrangement of standing |
| TWI636620B (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2018-09-21 | 國家中山科學研究院 | Antenna feed structure |
| US9893759B1 (en) | 2017-04-25 | 2018-02-13 | Sprint Communications Company L.P. | Wireless relay antenna isolation |
| CN107681246B (en) * | 2017-08-15 | 2019-08-09 | 西安空间无线电技术研究所 | A kind of transmit-receive sharing feed lock pin passive intermodulation screening plant |
| CN108107345A (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2018-06-01 | 广州兴森快捷电路科技有限公司 | Passive cross modulation test device |
| EP3588674B1 (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2021-10-06 | Advanced Automotive Antennas, S.L.U. | Dual broadband antenna system for vehicles |
| CN111224239A (en) * | 2018-11-26 | 2020-06-02 | 华为技术有限公司 | Signal transmission equipment, system and method |
| EP3723459A1 (en) * | 2019-04-10 | 2020-10-14 | AT & S Austria Technologie & Systemtechnik Aktiengesellschaft | Component carrier with high passive intermodulation (pim) performance |
| CN212542673U (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2021-02-12 | 3M创新有限公司 | Wireless communication system |
| CN110777478B (en) * | 2019-10-21 | 2021-06-11 | 西安空间无线电技术研究所 | Preparation method of low-passive intermodulation metal mesh wire woven in tubular shape by using dielectric wires |
| CN112804039B (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2022-10-25 | 联想(北京)有限公司 | Carrier aggregation radio frequency system, control method and electronic equipment |
| CN113504418B (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2022-10-25 | 西安交通大学 | Conductive material broadband passive intermodulation characterization method based on elliptical monopole patch antenna |
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- 2014-09-15 TW TW103216317U patent/TWM504361U/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2014-09-16 CN CN201420532174.8U patent/CN204243211U/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2014-09-16 CN CN201410472083.4A patent/CN104518288B/en active Active
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| CN1390374A (en) * | 1999-08-26 | 2003-01-08 | Arc无线解法公司 | Radio frequency connector for reducing passive inter-modulation effects |
| CN103004018A (en) * | 2010-07-19 | 2013-03-27 | 莱尔德技术股份有限公司 | Multiple-antenna systems with enhanced isolation and directivity |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2015041768A1 (en) | 2015-03-26 |
| CN204243211U (en) | 2015-04-01 |
| TW201517385A (en) | 2015-05-01 |
| CN104518288A (en) | 2015-04-15 |
| TWM504361U (en) | 2015-07-01 |
| TWI538303B (en) | 2016-06-11 |
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