CN104515988B - A kind of safety monitoring slope method for early warning based on ground synthetic aperture radar - Google Patents

A kind of safety monitoring slope method for early warning based on ground synthetic aperture radar Download PDF

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CN104515988B
CN104515988B CN201410784028.9A CN201410784028A CN104515988B CN 104515988 B CN104515988 B CN 104515988B CN 201410784028 A CN201410784028 A CN 201410784028A CN 104515988 B CN104515988 B CN 104515988B
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deformation
data
image
side slope
dimensional
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CN104515988A (en
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王彦平
王云海
马海涛
谭维贤
张兴凯
洪文
于正兴
杨晓琳
岳康
谢旭阳
梅国栋
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China Academy of Safety Science and Technology CASST
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/89Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
    • G01S13/90Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging using synthetic aperture techniques, e.g. synthetic aperture radar [SAR] techniques
    • G01S13/9021SAR image post-processing techniques
    • G01S13/9023SAR image post-processing techniques combined with interferometric techniques
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/885Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for ground probing
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/003Transmission of data between radar, sonar or lidar systems and remote stations
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/41Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Image Processing (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of safety monitoring slope method for early warning based on ground synthetic aperture radar, this method carries out the radar data of continuous ocean weather station observation by obtaining ground synthetic aperture radar side slope region, and the operations such as imaging, differential interferometry processing, deformation data extraction are carried out to the radar data of acquisition, and carry out Slope Sliding prediction and automatic early-warning.This method can to a wide range of side slope region carry out round-the-clock, round-the-clock, remote, non-contact, high accuracy, fixed point continuous monitoring, and speak automatically, light, electric signal early warning.

Description

A kind of safety monitoring slope method for early warning based on ground synthetic aperture radar
Technical field
The present invention relates to Slope Sliding Deformation Prediction technology, more particularly to a kind of side slope based on ground synthetic aperture radar Safety monitoring method for early warning.
Background technology
China is currently under the large-scaled construction period, occurs in each construction field such as mining, water conservancy, traffic and building The road slope of substantial amounts of slope project, such as mine slope, dam dam abutment slope, Reservoir Bank side slope, railway and highway, These side slopes have that scale is big, quantity is more, environment and the characteristics of complex geologic conditions.Only there is opencut in field of mining, China About 70,000, mountain, Tailings Dam 1.2 ten thousand, refuse dump 100,000, quantity is very huge.And with the sustainable development of national economy, state Family excavates in mining engineering activity to the continuous demand of the energy and power and the side slope quantity of landfill can be more and more, height Will be increasing.Due to China's complex geologic conditions, mining industry technical equipment falls behind, along with design and construction method is improper, even The disasters such as a lot of open-pit slope landslides, Tailings Dam dam break, dump mud rock flow occur for year, cause great casualties and property Loss.
In order to find side slope hidden danger, harm is eliminated, effectively economically takes management measure, it is therefore necessary to various side slopes It is monitored.Side slope deformation is monitored, and is scientific management side slope and the foundation of correct processing potential problems, slope monitoring can To provide reliable monitoring materials to identify the mechanism of the deformation of instable slope and Latent destruction and its coverage, to formulate Take precautions against natural calamities, hazard mitigation measure.Monitoring of Slope Deformation has considerable economic benefit and important social benefit.
The main contents of slope monitoring can be divided into four major classes, i.e. surface deformation monitoring, thing according to required monitoring parameters Reason monitors with chemical fields monitoring, groundwater monitoring and risk factor.
Wherein, the monitoring method of earth's surface deformation mainly has following several:Geodesic method (theodolite, spirit level, ranging Instrument, total powerstation etc.);Up short method (theodolite etc. is taken the photograph in land);GPS methods (GPS);Joint measurement method (slide measure, joint measurement Instrument, displacement meter etc.);
And mainly the side slope by the way of the artificial measurement of the level carries out safety monitoring in China, this method measures the used time Length, precision are low, can not be monitored for dangerous slopes region;Few mine using the technologies such as total powerstation, GPS to artificially it is selected from The method side slope that scatterplot carries out contact type measurement carries out safety monitoring, and this method can not comprehensively, quickly reflect monitored mesh Target global displacement, real-time accurate measurements early warning can not be accomplished to a wide range of side slope region.At present, existing part of the foundation synthesis hole Footpath radar can realize the micro- change acquisition of information of high-precision landform to observation area, but due to the shape in not yet monitored side slope region Become speed and acceleration estimation value, and monitoring decision rule and forecast model, side slope change or micro- change region can not be realized Early warning.In general, the safety monitoring slope means in China are limited, full there is an urgent need to develop new high precision monitor technology The demand of the foot situation side slope safety monitoring of national security production at present.
The content of the invention
, can be with it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of safety monitoring slope method for early warning based on ground synthetic aperture radar Round-the-clock, round-the-clock, remote, non-contact, high accuracy, fixed point continuous monitoring are carried out to a wide range of side slope region, and is done automatically Speak, light, electric signal early warning.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of safety monitoring slope method for early warning based on ground synthetic aperture radar, this method include:
The original radar data in the monitored side slope region that ground synthetic aperture radar is periodically sent is obtained, wherein, just The original radar data of secondary transmission is designated as s0, the original radar data that n-th observation cycle is sent is designated as sn
To original radar data s0With snTwo-dimensional imaging processing is carried out respectively, is obtained plural radar image, is designated as g respectively0 (x, y) and gn(x, y), with g0(x, y) is master image, gn(x, y) is sub-picture, successively carry out image registration, interference pattern generation, Phase unwrapping, atmospheric phase correction and deformation map conversion, obtain reflecting monitored side slope region n-th of observation cycle relative to The deformation map d at first observation momentn(x,y);
To deformation map dn(x, y) carries out geocoding, obtains three-dimensional deformation data Tn(x, y, z), and according to observing before The three-dimensional deformation data T in cycle1(x,y,z),...,Tn-1The speed of deformation in the monitored side slope region of (x, y, z) renewal and acceleration Spend estimate, then by decision rule set in advance and forecast model, to the position of the side slope hidden danger that is likely to occur, the time and Variation tendency carry out sound, light, electric signal early warning.
Further, it is described with g0(x, y) is master image, gn(x, y) is sub-picture, carries out registration, interference pattern life successively Into, phase unwrapping, atmospheric phase correction and deformation map conversion, obtain reflecting monitored side slope region in n-th of observation cycle phase For the deformation map d at first observation momentn(x, y) includes:
With g0(x, y) is master image, gn(x, y) is sub-picture, carries out image registration, obtains the image pair after registration;
Phase value is taken after the major-minor image conjugate of the image pair is multiplied, obtains including the interference pattern I of differential phasen (x,y);
To interference pattern In(x, y) successively carry out interferometric phase solution twine with atmospheric phase correct, to remove in interference pattern The phase perturbation that phase ambiguity and electromagnetic transmission medium introduce, obtains interferometric phase image
According to interferometric phase imageWith deformational displacement d relation, by interferometric phase imageIt is converted into shape Variable displacement figure dn(x,y);Wherein,
Further, described couple of deformation map dn(x, y) carries out geocoding, obtains three-dimensional deformation data Tn(x, y, z), And according to the three-dimensional deformation data T of observation cycle before1(x,y,z),...,Tn-1The monitored side slope region of (x, y, z) renewal Speed of deformation and acceleration estimation value, then by decision rule set in advance and forecast model, it is hidden to the side slope that is likely to occur The position of trouble, time and variation tendency carry out sound, light, electric signal early warning include:
By three-dimensional deformation data Tn(x, y, z) and observation cycle before three-dimensional deformation data T1(x,y,z),...,Tn-1 (x, y, z) is combined, and is estimated and is updated the speed of deformation v (x, y, z) in side slope region, acceleration magnitude a (x, y, z);
Three-dimensional deformation data, speed of deformation, acceleration magnitude integrate commenting with risk assessment criterion f set in advance Valency, obtain risk assessment factor f (Tn, v, a), compared with threshold value C set in advance, as risk assessment factor f (Tn,v,a) During > C, it is judged to hidden danger be present, it is pre- to the position, time and variation tendency carry out sound, light, the electric signal that are likely to occur side slope hidden danger It is alert.
Further, the two-dimensional imaging processing includes:
Original radar data is carried out using range Doppler algorithm, Chirp-Scaling algorithms or range migration algorithm Two-dimensional imaging processing.
Further, described image registration includes:Image registration is carried out using correlation coefficient process or coherence factor method.
Further, described couple of deformation map dn(x, y) carries out geocoding, obtains three-dimensional deformation data Tn(x, y, z) is wrapped Include:
By deformation map dnOn the three dimensional topographic data that (x, y) resampling is got to auxiliary topography measuring devices, or by On the history three dimensional topographic data for monitoring side slope region, so as to obtain the three-dimensional deformation data T in monitored side slope regionn(x,y, z)。
As seen from the above technical solution provided by the invention, ground synthetic aperture radar carries out a data acquisition only Several seconds are needed to a few minutes, therefore is supervised based on the safety monitoring slope early warning observation cycle of ground synthetic aperture radar relative to tradition Survey technology is very short, it is possible to achieve to the fixed point continuous monitoring of deformation region;Meanwhile ground synthetic aperture radar can obtain it is very high Spatial resolution and measurement accuracy, realize the high-resolution imaging to target area, the side based on ground synthetic aperture radar The measurement accuracy of slope safety monitoring early warning is also superior to traditional monitoring technology, up to submillimeter level;In addition, it is based on ground synthetic aperture The safety monitoring slope method for early warning of radar uses non-contacting metering system, and monitored danger can be obtained in specific range The large area deformation data in region.
Brief description of the drawings
In order to illustrate the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, required use in being described below to embodiment Accompanying drawing be briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, for this For the those of ordinary skill in field, on the premise of not paying creative work, other can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings Accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is a kind of safety monitoring slope method for early warning based on ground synthetic aperture radar provided in an embodiment of the present invention Flow chart;
Fig. 2 is a kind of safety monitoring slope method for early warning based on ground synthetic aperture radar provided in an embodiment of the present invention Schematic diagram.
Embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out clear, complete Ground describes, it is clear that described embodiment is only part of the embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiments.Based on this The embodiment of invention, the every other implementation that those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained under the premise of creative work is not made Example, belongs to protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 is a kind of safety monitoring slope method for early warning based on ground synthetic aperture radar provided in an embodiment of the present invention Flow chart, as shown in figure 1, this method mainly includes:
Step 11, the original radar data for obtaining the monitored side slope region that ground synthetic aperture radar is periodically sent, Wherein, the original radar data sent for the first time is designated as s0, the original radar data that n-th observation cycle is sent is designated as sn, wherein, n Represent observation cycle, and n >=1.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the static placement of ground synthetic aperture radar, its transmit/receive antenna beam is monitored Side slope region, control parameter and enabled instruction in certain reception remote monitoring center, primary radar data acquisition is carried out, just The initial data of secondary collection is designated as s0, and it is uploaded to remote monitoring center.
Ground synthetic aperture radar is with observation cycle △ T repeating above said collection processes, i.e., the interval per elapsed time △ T, Ground synthetic aperture radar just carries out primary radar data acquisition, and the number that will be collected under the control of remote monitoring center According to snRemote control center is uploaded to, until remote monitoring center sends termination data acquisition instructions, wherein snRepresent n-th of sight The data gathered were surveyed after the cycle.
Step 12, to original radar data s0With snTwo-dimensional imaging processing is carried out respectively, obtains plural radar image, respectively It is designated as g0(x, y) and gn(x, y), wherein, x and y represent that observed object is horizontal and vertical with respect to ground synthetic aperture radar respectively Distance, with g0(x, y) is master image, gn(x, y) is sub-picture, successively carry out image registration, interference pattern generation, phase unwrapping, greatly Gas phase bit correction and deformation map conversion, obtain reflecting monitored side slope region when n-th of observation cycle is relative to first observation The deformation map d at quartern(x,y)。
In the embodiment of the present invention, range Doppler algorithm, Chirp-Scaling algorithms or range migration algorithm can be utilized Two-dimensional imaging processing is carried out to original radar data, obtains plural radar image, specific data processing method may be referred to document Hong Wen, Hu Donghui etc. are translated,《Synthetic aperture radar image-forming --- algorithm is with realizing》, Electronic Industry Press, in October, 2007, north Capital.
Specifically, its handling process is as follows:
1) with g0(x, y) is master image, gn(x, y) is sub-picture, carries out image registration, obtains the image pair after registration;Its In, image registration can be carried out using correlation coefficient process or coherence factor method.
2) phase value is taken after the major-minor image conjugate of the image pair is multiplied, obtains including the interference pattern I of differential phasen (x,y)。
3) to interference pattern In(x, y) successively carry out interferometric phase solution twine with atmospheric phase correct, to remove in interference pattern Phase ambiguity and electromagnetic transmission medium introduce phase perturbation, obtain interferometric phase image
4) according to interferometric phase imageWith deformational displacement d relation, by interferometric phase imageIt is converted into shape Variable displacement figure dn(x, y) wherein,λ represents the operating wave of ground synthetic aperture radar It is long.
Step 13, to deformation map dn(x, y) carries out geocoding, obtains three-dimensional deformation data Tn(x, y, z), wherein, z Elevation of the observed object with respect to ground synthetic aperture radar is represented, and according to the three-dimensional deformation data T of observation cycle before1(x, y,z),...,Tn-1The speed of deformation and acceleration estimation value in the monitored side slope region of (x, y, z) renewal, then by presetting Decision rule and forecast model, to the position of the side slope hidden danger that is likely to occur, time and variation tendency carry out sound, light, telecommunications Number early warning.
Specifically, by three-dimensional deformation data Tn(x, y, z) and observation cycle before three-dimensional deformation data T1(x,y, z),...,Tn-1(x, y, z) is combined, and is estimated and is updated the speed of deformation v (x, y, z) in side slope region, acceleration magnitude a (x, y, z);
Three-dimensional deformation data, speed of deformation, acceleration magnitude integrate commenting with risk assessment criterion f set in advance Valency, obtain risk assessment factor f (Tn, v, a),
Compared with threshold value C set in advance, as risk assessment factor f (Tn, v, a) during > C, it is judged to hidden danger be present, Position, time and variation tendency carry out sound, light, electric signal early warning to being likely to occur side slope hidden danger;If hidden danger is not present, after The continuous above-mentioned steps 11- steps 13 that perform are monitored.
Wherein, described couple of deformation map dn(x, y) carries out geocoding, obtains three-dimensional deformation data Tn(x, y, z) includes:
By deformation map dnOn the three dimensional topographic data that (x, y) resampling is got to auxiliary topography measuring devices, or by On the history three dimensional topographic data for monitoring side slope region, so as to obtain the three-dimensional deformation data T in monitored side slope regionn(x,y, z)。
The schematic diagram of a scenario of the present invention program is as shown in Fig. 2 the static placement of ground synthetic aperture radar, its transmitting/reception The monitored side slope region of antenna beam irradiation, radar data is then wirelessly sent to remote monitoring center, by long-range Surveillance center performs the scheme described in above-mentioned steps 11- steps 13, realizes the round-the-clock, round-the-clock, remote in a wide range of side slope region Distance, non-contact, high accuracy, fixed point continuous monitoring, and speak automatically, light, electric signal early warning;Meanwhile remote monitoring center Control instruction can also be sent and terminate data acquisition.
The such scheme of the embodiment of the present invention compared with the prior art for mainly have the following advantages:
(1) ground synthetic aperture radar, which carries out a data acquisition, only needs several seconds to a few minutes, therefore is synthesized based on ground The safety monitoring slope early warning observation cycle △ T-phase of aperture radar is very short for traditional monitoring technology, it is possible to achieve to deformation area The fixed point continuous monitoring in domain;
(2) ground synthetic aperture radar can obtain very high spatial resolution and measurement accuracy, realize to target area High-resolution imaging, the measurement accuracy of the safety monitoring slope early warning based on ground synthetic aperture radar is also superior to traditional monitoring Technology, up to submillimeter level;
(3) the safety monitoring slope method for early warning based on ground synthetic aperture radar of the invention uses non-contacting measurement Mode, the large area deformation data of monitored danger zone can be obtained in safe distance;
(4) present invention can combine the speed of deformation and acceleration estimation value in monitored side slope region, and monitoring judgement Criterion and forecast model, realize the continuous early warning observation to observation area.
Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can be understood that above-described embodiment can To be realized by software, the mode of necessary general hardware platform can also be added by software to realize.Based on such understanding, The technical scheme of above-described embodiment can be embodied in the form of software product, the software product can be stored in one it is non-easily In the property lost storage medium (can be CD-ROM, USB flash disk, mobile hard disk etc.), including some instructions are causing a computer to set Standby (can be personal computer, server, or network equipment etc.) performs the method described in each embodiment of the present invention.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention be not limited thereto, Any one skilled in the art is in the technical scope of present disclosure, the change or replacement that can readily occur in, It should all be included within the scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be with the protection model of claims Enclose and be defined.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of safety monitoring slope method for early warning based on ground synthetic aperture radar, it is characterised in that this method includes:
The original radar data in the monitored side slope region that ground synthetic aperture radar is periodically sent is obtained, wherein, first hair The original radar data sent is designated as s0, the original radar data that n-th observation cycle is sent is designated as sn
To original radar data s0With snTwo-dimensional imaging processing is carried out respectively, is obtained plural radar image, is designated as g respectively0(x,y) With gn(x, y), with g0(x, y) is master image, gn(x, y) is sub-picture, carries out image registration, interference pattern generation, phase solution successively Twine, atmospheric phase correction and deformation map conversion, obtain reflecting that monitored side slope region is seen in n-th of observation cycle relative to first Survey the deformation map d at momentn(x,y);Specially:By g0(x, y) and gn(x, y) carries out image registration, obtains the image after registration It is right;Phase value is taken after the major-minor image conjugate of the image pair is multiplied, obtains including the interference pattern I of differential phasen(x,y); To interference pattern In(x, y) successively carry out interferometric phase solution twine with atmospheric phase correct, to remove the phase ambiguity in interference pattern The phase perturbation introduced with electromagnetic transmission medium, obtains interferometric phase imageAccording to interferometric phase imageWith Deformational displacement d relation, by interferometric phase imageIt is converted into deformational displacement figure dn(x,y);Wherein,
To deformation map dn(x, y) carries out geocoding, obtains three-dimensional deformation data Tn(x, y, z), and according to observation cycle before Three-dimensional deformation data T1(x,y,z),...,Tn-1The speed of deformation in the monitored side slope region of (x, y, z) renewal is estimated with acceleration Evaluation, then by decision rule set in advance and forecast model, to position, time and the change of the side slope hidden danger being likely to occur Trend carry out sound, light, electric signal early warning, it includes:
By three-dimensional deformation data Tn(x, y, z) and observation cycle before three-dimensional deformation data T1(x,y,z),...,Tn-1(x,y, Z) combine, estimate and update the speed of deformation v (x, y, z) in side slope region, acceleration magnitude a (x, y, z);
Overall merit is carried out with risk assessment criterion f set in advance to three-dimensional deformation data, speed of deformation, acceleration magnitude, obtained To risk assessment factor f (Tn, v, a), compared with threshold value C set in advance, as risk assessment factor f (Tn, v, a) > C When, it is judged to hidden danger be present, position, time and variation tendency carry out sound, light, electric signal early warning to being likely to occur side slope hidden danger.
2. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that the two-dimensional imaging processing includes:
Two dimension is carried out to original radar data using range Doppler algorithm, Chirp-Scaling algorithms or range migration algorithm Imaging.
3. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that described image registration includes:
Image registration is carried out using correlation coefficient process or coherence factor method.
4. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that described couple of deformation map dn(x, y) carries out geocoding, obtains To three-dimensional deformation data Tn(x, y, z) includes:
By deformation map dnOn the three dimensional topographic data that (x, y) resampling is got to auxiliary topography measuring devices, or monitored side On the history three dimensional topographic data in slope region, so as to obtain the three-dimensional deformation data T in monitored side slope regionn(x,y,z)。
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