CN104508297A

CN104508297A - Efficient systems and methods for construction and operation of mobile wind power platforms

Info

Publication number: CN104508297A
Application number: CN201380029881.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: R.M.弗雷达
Original assignee: SQUARED WIND Inc V
Current assignee: SQUARED WIND Inc V; V Squared Wind Inc
Priority date: 2012-06-07
Filing date: 2013-06-07
Publication date: 2015-04-08
Also published as: CA2875333A1; WO2013185057A1; IN2014KN02720A; EP2859227A1; EP2859227A4

Abstract

In embodiments of the present invention improved capabilities are described for a mobile wind power support structure, comprising a superstructure with mobile platform support structures, and a plurality of deployable rotating wind power structures, wherein the plurality of deployable rotating wind power structures are positioned in the superstructure through a wind orientation facility.

Description

For the mobile structure of wind-force platform and the effective system of operation and method

Related application

This application claims the preference of following provisional application, its full content is incorporated to for reference herein: the U.S. Patent application No. 61/656,816 that on June 7th, 2012 submits to.

Technical field

The present invention relates to transformation of energy, and in some preferred embodiment, relate to the transformation of energy from fluid flowing (such as wind) to other kind of energy (such as electric energy).

Background technique

Usually the large-scale unusual horizontal axis turbine of use realizes the transformation of energy from fluid flowing (such as wind) to electric energy in the past.The energy conversion efficiency of this structure can be restricted.The alternative energy of such as wind energy by gradually more for resisting the cost of energy day by day increased of mineral fuel, therefore maximizing the energy efficiency relevant to these alternative energies and becoming more important.

The reproducible large complicated fixed installation system typically of any meaningful level of power of current generation, such as geothermal Power Station, solar battery array, larger wind turbines, the dam comprising large-scale water turbine etc.For this type systematic, site parameter is often unmodifiable, because enough intervals are found in the position of be difficult to can not to raise an objection being very suitable for produce power (such as aesthetic reasons).Site location, approval and setting up cost often account for a large portion of produce power cost.In this type of large scale system, installation cost also typically accounts for a large portion of energy ultimate cost.In wind power system, initial cost typically comprises and obtains place approval (it is often opposed due to aesthetic reasons), Farm Planning, structure Large Foundation Pit, cost of transportation, the cost of assembling large-scale complicated system (comprising requisite hoist and similar Large expensive equipment) and elevator mechanism.Exist and become the modification method of electric energy and the needs of system for by energy from fluid flow transition, especially in the field of portable wind-power platform.

Summary of the invention

In an embodiment of the present invention, describe the improvement ability for mobile wind-force supporting structure, this moves wind-force supporting structure and comprises the superstructure and multiple deployable rotating wind structure with mobile platform supporting structure, and wherein said multiple deployable rotating wind structure is positioned in this superstructure by wind orientation equipment.

In an embodiment, system can comprise the collapsible Wind resource change module of multiple interconnection, and at least one in the plurality of Wind resource change module comprises nozzle inlet, and it is caught the air stream that incides on the entrance of this nozzle inlet and makes it accelerate to nozzle trunnion; Rotor, it is located in this nozzle trunnion and rotates energy to receive this air stream from this nozzle inlet air circulation to be changed into; Be connected to the generator of this rotor, it can convert the rotation of this rotor to electric energy; And diffuser, it is from trunnion admission of air stream and be directed to the outlet of this diffuser, and wherein the diameter of nozzle entrance and diffuser exit is greater than the diameter of trunnion; Collapsible supporting structure; And load bearing equipment, it is connected to this collapsible supporting structure and with the collapsible Wind resource change module allowing the collapsible Wind resource change module that interconnects to support multiple interconnection towards the mode of empty flow rotation.This system also can comprise the energy storage device storing the electric energy produced by generator.System can comprise the interface for being electrically connected on another power plant, electrical network and energy operative installations etc.System can be provided in portable tool box, this portable tool box comprises such as, for allowing and the ABAP Adapter of another device electrical interface by system power supply and another device, weapon, sensing system, medical apparatus, robot device, system of defense, photographic camera, chargeable military equipment etc.Wind resource change module can comprise the braided material promoting collapsing property.Collapsible supporting structure can be inflatable.Collapsible interconnect support structures can make the collapsible Wind resource change module interconnects of multiple interconnection, and such as wherein collapsible interconnect support structures is inflatable.Leveling system can be provided to carry out the collapsible Wind resource change module of the multiple interconnection of leveling.The collapsible part of Wind resource change module can be diffuser, nozzle inlet etc.The ratio of diffuser length and nozzle inlet length can be greater than 5:1.The ratio of the area of the entrance of nozzle inlet and the area of trunnion can be greater than 2:1.Each in the collapsible Wind resource change module of multiple interconnection can comprise the aerodynamic feature of the throughput increasing keen draft, and wherein said aerodynamic feature can be such as nozzle inlet, trunnion, diffuser etc. are used for the eddy current of the vortex movement of giving on air stream to form aerodynamic shape.This aerodynamic feature can be epitrochanterian leaf characteristic.Heating element in Wind resource change module can air in heated air flow to form pressure reduction to increase the throughput of air by Wind resource change module.

In an embodiment, method for launching portable wind energy plant can comprise the collapsible Wind resource change module array providing interconnection be installed on by load bearing equipment in collapsible supporting structure, wherein each Wind resource change module comprises nozzle inlet, and it is caught the air stream that incides on the entrance of this nozzle inlet and makes it accelerate to nozzle trunnion; Rotor, it is located in this nozzle trunnion and rotates energy to receive this air stream from this nozzle inlet air circulation to be changed into; Be connected to the generator of this rotor, it can convert the rotation of this rotor to electric energy; And diffuser, it is from trunnion admission of air stream and be directed to the outlet of this diffuser, and wherein the diameter of nozzle entrance and diffuser exit is greater than the diameter of trunnion; Collapsible supporting structure; And load bearing equipment, it is connected to this collapsible supporting structure and with the collapsible Wind resource change module allowing the collapsible Wind resource change module that interconnects to support multiple interconnection towards the mode of empty flow rotation; Integrated load bearing equipment is connected to collapsible supporting structure and to allow array to support the collapsible Wind resource change module array of interconnection towards the mode of empty flow rotation; And the collapsible Wind resource change module array of interconnection and collapsible supporting structure can be received in a transport container, and from the deployable one-tenth holonomic system of this cask.

In an embodiment, system can comprise the collapsible Wind resource change module of multiple interconnection; Collapsible supporting structure; And load bearing equipment, it is connected to this collapsible supporting structure and supports the collapsible Wind resource change module of the plurality of interconnection with the collapsible Wind resource change module allowing this type of to interconnect towards the mode of empty flow rotation, wherein Wind resource change module be at least partially constructed by flexible knitting thing and wherein supporting structure be inflatable at least partially.At least one in multiple Wind resource change module can comprise nozzle inlet, and it is caught the air stream that incides on the entrance of this nozzle inlet and makes it accelerate to nozzle trunnion; Rotor, it is located in this nozzle trunnion and rotates energy to receive this air stream from this nozzle inlet air circulation to be changed into; Be connected to the generator of this rotor, it can convert the rotation of this rotor to electric energy; And diffuser, it is from trunnion admission of air stream and be directed to the outlet of this diffuser, and wherein the diameter of nozzle entrance and diffuser exit is greater than the diameter of trunnion.Energy storage device can store the electric energy produced by generator.System can comprise the interface for being electrically connected at least one another power plant (such as electrical network, energy operative installations etc.).System can be provided in portable tool box, this portable tool box comprises such as, for allowing and the ABAP Adapter of another device electrical interface by system power supply and another device, weapon, sensing system, medical apparatus, robot device, system of defense, photographic camera and chargeable military equipment.

From the specific descriptions below preferred embodiment and accompanying drawing, those skilled in the art will be apparent to these and other systems of the present invention, method, target, feature and advantage.The full content of all documents mentioned here is merged in for reference herein.

Accompanying drawing explanation

The following specific descriptions of the present invention and some embodiment thereof are appreciated that with reference to accompanying drawing:

Fig. 1 shows dynamics and obtains equipment.

Fig. 2 shows dynamics and obtains equipment array.

Fig. 3 shows orthogonal expansion outlet, module and array.

Fig. 4 shows link and the component of complex topography.

Fig. 5 shows the example of the constructive elements with variable density and profile.

Fig. 6 shows linearly fan-shaped in planar fashion with profile.

Fig. 7 shows has the equal an array of 85m × 51m of the same area compared with 75m horizontal axis wind turbine.

Fig. 8 shows has the equal an array of 100m × 44m of the same area compared with 75m horizontal axis wind turbine.

Fig. 9 shows side view and the plan view of a series of array.

Figure 10 shows the uneven array with orientation tail.

Figure 11 shows the array with three integrated electricity generators.

Figure 12 shows the example of integrated electricity generator module.

Figure 13 shows the array with storage.

Figure 14 shows the module in triangle superstructure.

Figure 15 shows the parts of nozzle.

Figure 16 shows two nozzles be arranged in series.

Figure 17 shows the side view of Hexagon nozzle.

Figure 18 shows the nozzle with circular trunnion and polygonal outlet.

Figure 19 shows two by nested nozzle.

Figure 20 shows superstructure link.

Figure 21 shows horizontal axis wind turbogenerator and arranges.

Figure 22 shows superstructure and the module installation of hexagonal module.

Figure 23 shows the space frame of square array.

Figure 24 shows the example of nozzle polygonal entry port.

Figure 25 shows the example that direction array medium power transmits.

Figure 26 shows the diagram of initial import momentum vector.

Figure 27 shows the nozzle with butt import and outlet.

Figure 28 shows the nozzle with butt import and 1/r-0 interpolation curvature.

Figure 29 shows the arcuate segment diagram of entrance geometrical construction.

Figure 30 shows multiple-blade structure.

Figure 31 shows 3 vane rotor efficiency charts.

Figure 32 shows annual velocity contour.

The annual distributed power that Figure 33 shows linear speed exports.

Figure 34 shows transfer compared with year distribution during heavy duty.

Figure 35 shows 12 blades in an open position, and its medium velocity is approximate to be within the scope of 1-3m/s.

Figure 36 shows 6 blades in an open position, and its medium velocity is approximate to be within the scope of 3-6m/s.

Figure 37 shows 3 blades in the closed position, and its medium velocity is about 6+m/s.

Figure 38 shows the example of open and close profile.

Figure 39 shows the rotor be made up of the rotatable body with center mass storage.

Figure 40 shows the initial position of heavy structure.

Figure 41 shows the heavy structure being in follow-up location.

Figure 42 shows 3 blade structures in motion.

Figure 43 shows 3 blade structures with quality control passage and center mass storage.

Figure 44 shows the embodiment of form-separating space frame.

Figure 45 shows the embodiment of the structure of form-separating space frame, wherein can add additional member.

Figure 46 shows the embodiment of the octahedra space frame of three-step iteration.

Figure 47 shows the embodiment accelerating array.

Figure 48 shows the embodiment of constructive elements.

Figure 49 shows the embodiment of single " mast " framework.

Figure 50 shows the embodiment of a part for array 5004 and external structure.

Figure 51 A-E shows the outside superstructure with polygonal modification.

Figure 52 shows the structure with basic polygonal and component in polyhedron.

Figure 53 shows the structure with basic polygonal and component in polyhedron, and it uses load-bearing member to install.

Figure 54 shows the nozzle such as axle such as grade with spherical trunnion.

Figure 55 shows nozzle cross sectional facial contour.

Figure 56 shows holes drilled through example.

Figure 57 shows exemplary blade shape.

Figure 58 shows exemplary blade shape.

Figure 59 shows exemplary blade shape.

Figure 60 shows the flow chart that the cost volume in the embodiment of the present invention is optimized.

Figure 61 shows the embodiment of the key element affecting annual output.

Figure 62 shows the embodiment of transfer matrix.

Figure 63 shows the embodiment accelerating matrix.

Figure 64 shows the embodiment of quality efficiency of throughput matrix.

Figure 65 shows the embodiment of nozzle efficiency row matrix.

Figure 66 shows the embodiment of rotor efficiency matrix.

Figure 67 shows the embodiment of the RPM load parameter matrix of generator.

Figure 68 shows the embodiment of nozzle-rotor to matrix.

Figure 69 shows the embodiment of radial velocity machine.

Figure 70 shows by fluid-cooled generator embodiment.

Figure 71 shows wind turbine module optimized algorithm embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 72 shows wind turbine supporting structure embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 73 shows wind turbine nozzle embodiments of the present invention.

Figure 74 shows the wind turbine constructive embodiment of form-separating supporting structure of the present invention interconnection.

Figure 75 shows wind turbine supporting structure embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 76 shows wind turbine embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 77 shows and of the present inventionly launches mobile wind-force platform completely.

Figure 78 shows the deployment step of mobile wind-force platform of the present invention.

Figure 79 shows the deployment step of the structural element of mobile wind-force platform of the present invention.

Although describe the present invention in conjunction with some preferred embodiment, but other embodiments can be readily appreciated by one skilled in the art and be included in this.

All documents of reference here are all incorporated to for reference herein.

Embodiment

The present invention can be made up of n × m modular array, this array has multiple production capacity module (being wind turbine in some preferred embodiment), these module installation are in an array and relative to fluid flow orientation, and wherein multiple modular energy converting unit to be arranged in given array structure optimisedly thus to maximize Energy transmission.

In an embodiment, array orientation towards fluid flowing can be preferably nature or the artificial differential flowing produced, such as, similar flowing in wind, solar chimney, the flowing of differential tunnel and natural situation or artificial situation, and " tail " stream or its adverse current can be produced by motive force, this motive force is tide, rotation, fluid, gas displacement etc. such as.Fig. 1 shows embodiments of the invention, it illustrates the parts of four representative modules 110 in the array 124 with superstructure and electric substructure, it can have Structural Characteristics and orientation equipment successively to comprise injector arrangement 104(), kinetic energy obtains equipment 108(it can comprise rotor, such as, have the rotor of blade and hub), driving arrangement 112(such as transmission driving arrangement), generator 122, structure 102, orientation equipment 114, blade 118, hub 120 etc.In an embodiment, the array 124 be made up of module 110 can be associated with the superstructure of integrated or non-integration and electric substructure, its can with energy process equipment 130 and energy storage device 132 interface.It should be understood that the module 110 that can provide any amount in array 124, optimization array 124 can comprise far more than four modules 110.

As shown in Figure 1, load-bearing member 128, such as ball neck load-bearing member etc. or such as there is the load-bearing member of certain material property, such as Teflon load-bearing member etc., or fluid bearings part, magnetic load-bearing member, integrated carrying part (such as circular cone/ball-joint holder) etc., or there are some combination bearings of all or part of performance of these load-bearing members, supporting module array can be used to, thus such as permission array rotates around vertical axis, allow array relative to fluid flow direction orientation (or oneself is directed, as described in some preferred embodiment).When using magnetic load-bearing member or similar bearing structure, bearing structure can produce additional-energy, and it is for use immediately or for temporary transient storage.Driving arrangement and generator can be associated with the electric substructure comprising conducting medium, this conducting medium such as conducting metal, conductive fluid etc., as magneto-rheological fluid, ferromagnetic fluids, superconductor etc., or gaseous conductor, it can integrate with the superstructure of array or be associated, so that the energy from module can be transferred to external energy processing equipment and optionally be transferred to local or global energy memory device, such as flywheel, pressurized air, gravitation stores (pumping fluid, gas or solid poor to certain altitude), battery, multiple battery etc., and to energy conversion, the manufacturing mechanism of such as electrolysis hydrogen and oxygen, or transport, terminal uses, store, some combinations of equipment etc.In an embodiment, can be used to help directional array to the magnetic property that electricity distributes or transmission system is relevant, such as, in generator amature, (such as use the magnetic property of electric current to encourage the stator comprising transmission equipment).

With reference to figure 2, array 124, such as, those arrays described in composition graphs 1, eachly all comprise multiple module 110, and it can be configured to again multiple array 124, and these arrays 124 are relative to each other set up and are directed relative to fluid flow direction.Fig. 2 shows the one possibility view of four arrays 124 being configured to checker board pattern, and this is a kind of preferred embodiment of a group pattern 124.In an embodiment, array 124 can be configured to a large amount of combination, such as chessboard described herein, and it can use matrix to be allocated to position, bonding part.A kind of selection can be diamond pattern, and it has the spacing range from 1 × 1 chessboard mode of execution to n × m mode of execution, and wherein 1-n can refer to the quantity of the unit forming rhombus.Another selection can be that arc is arranged, and wherein curvature range can from 0 to 1, and pitch structure scope is from 1 to n.Alternately, complete filled matrix can be carried out according to the concrete property of array used in configuration.In addition, array can be usually mounted together in the single substructure in any machine distribution described herein.In an embodiment, the present invention can provide the nozzle array being suitable for being produced electric energy by air flowing.This array can be configured to array and be placed in the arranged in matrix with multiple similar array, such as, be embedded in checker board pattern, diamond pattern, mode of rule, scramble pattern, arc pattern, fill pattern etc.

As shown in Figure 3, n × m modular array 302 can be made up of scalable modular network type superstructure, thus is both transferred to multiple storage unit, power transmission network or its combination at least one module provides support the equipment of further providing for for the dynamic Control of the power from modules, management and collection and by described power-conversion.In an embodiment, the present invention can provide the nozzle array being suitable for being produced electric energy by air flowing, and wherein said array can be supported by scalable modular superstructure.This superstructure can be modular assembly, and it uses such as space frame type, geodetic line style, the shape such as orthogonal.Superstructure can be the integrated type of nozzle arrangements, such as, based on the integrated morphology of pliable pressure, the integrated morphology of rigid element lattice etc.Superstructure element can connect by connected equipment, and this connection device such as welds, gluing, contact fusion welding device, locking framework etc.In an embodiment, can comprise can by field-installed structured component and link for superstructure.Superstructure and element thereof can have complicated local and overall three-dimensional appearance, to maximize load-carrying characteristic, minimum material uses, minimum material weight etc.The structured constructional elements of superstructure can have homogeneous circular profile, polygonal outer shape, oval outer shape, square profiles, triangular outline, n angle star profile etc.The structured constructional elements of superstructure can have variable geometry, such as, have linearly fan-shaped, radial buckling variability, elliptical curvature variability, square variability etc.The component of superstructure can be the variable structure of the solidity of insulation fascicular texture (isotruss) type.The element of superstructure can comprise at least one in polymer, composite material, metal foam, composite foam, alloy etc.

Fig. 4 shows the link of complex topography and the embodiment of component 402.In an embodiment, this can provide the example of complex model pattern, and it is attempted the use of minimizing material and maximizes structural characteristics, and takes the form of surface structure, profile, solidity varistructure etc.

Fig. 5 shows the embodiment of structured constructional elements 502A and 502B.These examples can be the structured constructional elements with variable density and profile.These can represent the subset of possible complex topography component.Such as, can be wound around by silk thread at the component 502A in left side and be made into, and the component 502B on right side can by drawing or molded and shaped fiber reinforced plastic.

Fig. 6 shows the embodiment of linearly fan-shaped (linear scalloping), such as, for wall portion nozzle, structured constructional elements etc.This can provide complicated wall for nozzle, structured constructional elements etc.The diagram of the linear fan-shaped 602A in left side presents scalloped surface orientation, and the diagram of the linear fan-shaped 602B on right side presents fan-shaped in outline drawing mode.

Superstructure can be the self-orientating reason of nozzle form (such as because), and can comprise coming mechanically (described herein) with fixing mode of execution or otherwise controlling the module in array or array relative to the method for the orientation of fluid flow direction or system.The method of mechanical orientation can comprise the flywheel etc. of yaw motor, stored energy, or additive method well known in the art.Alternately, they can be installed in movable platform to seek optimal flow condition.In an embodiment, the present invention can provide that being suitable for is flowed by air produces the nozzle array of electric energy.This array can comprise from oriented nozzle, is configured to have the non_mechanical element using air-flow to carry out oriented nozzle, has independent orientation from oriented nozzle at the different parts place of array from oriented nozzle, etc.Array can comprise the nozzle of the vertical component that can be directed to air-flow.In an embodiment, the present invention can provide the nozzle being suitable for using in wind power turbine machine.Nozzle can be configured to the vertical component being directed to wind.In addition, nozzle can be certainly directed relative to wind direction quilt, such as, when there is hangover (tail) on nozzle.

Superstructure can be supported by multiple method and system according to the character of flowing, the character of this flowing such as float suspension, one/multiple tower, build comprehensive, hawser suspension etc.In addition, array can by making by the material lighter than air embodiments.In an embodiment, the present invention can provide the nozzle array being suitable for being produced electric energy by air flowing, and wherein array can be supported by scalable modular superstructure.Superstructure can be the superstructure of suspension type, and it is by lighter-than-air mechanism supports, etc.In an embodiment, the present invention can be installed on land or ocean, is attached to existing structure, such as building, bridge, tower etc., or is set up separately as application specific architecture.

Superstructure may be implemented as independent Modular support construction, comprises the method for carrying and power distribution.Superstructure element can also be integrated in nozzle arrangements, so that module becomes the element be completely contained.In this case, preferred superstructure can provide the apportion method (columnar method) inserted by integration module in power system.In an embodiment, the present invention can provide the nozzle array being suitable for being produced electric energy by air flowing, and wherein array can be supported by scalable modular superstructure.Superstructure can be variable type, such as variable about bearer properties, structural features etc.The element of superstructure can be homogeneous type about bearer properties, structural features etc.The element of superstructure can be suitable for the minimum cost scheme of local bearing parameter in array changeably.In an embodiment, superstructure can be rigidity, can have overall compliant mechanism thus adapt to dynamic load, can have local compliance mechanism to adapt to dynamic load, etc.

As shown in Figure 7 and Figure 8, Array Embodiments can provide various advantage.First, it can allow module to cover any given region, and can not suffer the poor efficiency that causes because of the length of effective divergent component.Secondly, it is homogeneous that this mode of execution does not need as in horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT).By accommodating n × m modular array with this superstructure, significantly can increase system and can to cover and can from the structuring upper limit of the flow region of its harvest energy or plane.By covering such as rectangular area, if wind is medium, thus compared with lower module, the upper row of array can potentially with remarkable mean velocity produce power faster (because wind be stronger closer to ground place than it at array top).This means that, except the increase except being caused by module, array structure itself can also cause increase.In this regard, if medium is wind, then the structure being highly greater than width will be the production capacity plane usage mode of full blast, and wherein the multiple of power generation increases from baseline along with height value and increases, and wherein height value is less than width value.Such as, Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 all describes HAWT 702, and it has the 75 rice diameter circular scanning areas of approximate 4400 square metres, and has the hub height of 50 meters, and wind speed is 6 m/s.In the figure 7, Array Embodiments 704 has swept area of equal value, and it has 50 meters of wide array regions, wherein comes down 30 meters of and wind speed is 5.4 m/s, above comes 117 meters of and wind speed is 7.6 m/s.In fig. 8, the Array Embodiments 802 with identical below height and wind speed contains same sweep area, but has 44 narrow m width specifically, and has higher upper row, and present high-rise wind speed is 8.1 m/s.In an embodiment, the present invention can provide the nozzle array being suitable for being produced electric energy by air flowing.Array can have at the variable width in different heights place.The degree of depth of array can be less than or equal to the width of array, such as, be more than or equal to the width of array, is array-width more than about 1.25 times, is array-width more than about 2 times, etc.

In this system, acting on structural dynamic pressure can structurally equal distribution, be different from the situation as being gathered in most of horizontal axis machine on propeller root or tower, thus expand the integral sweep area that the every linear feet of machine-wide can cover.In addition, nozzle efficiency can reduce structural dynamic pressure.Based on required nozzle length ratio, structuring load and can expect that Energy transmission determines the module number in given Array Embodiments.

In x, y dimension, such as rectangle/square, triangle, trapezoidal or its combination or some array geometry structure of being inverted (such as inverted trapezoidal or Hexagon) can maximize wind-force plane relative to cost and use.Notice, inhomogenous x, y mode of execution also falls in the scope of the invention.Structure in z dimension can be implemented to homogeneous or heterogeneity plane, has curvature that is equal or variable depth, etc.There is the array that described windward side is equal to or greater than the dimension of this degree of depth can provide improvement performance in area utilizes.In an embodiment, the structure being greater than the degree of depth towards the width of flowing of machine can provide the similar plane as free-standing rotor-support-foundation system to cover.Fig. 9 shows side view and plan view 902A and 902B of a series of array.In addition, superstructure can be individually installed on platform or be in series installed on platform along z dimension.

The module be arranged in superstructure can be made up of nozzle structure, single or multiple energy acquiring device, single or multiple flow enhuancement surface structure etc.The module of superstructure and modular component can be " plug and play " devices, thus allow the maintenance or the renovation that realize pair array parts on-the-spot or non-at-scenely.

The geometrical construction of modularization nozzle can be optimised based on following parameter, the fluid dynamic of namely unique import-trunnion geometrical construction, outlet geometrical construction, volume ratio and correction is theoretical, to maximize plane to use, minimize forward direction and entrance superpressure, use at least one to optimize supporting plate and pull and accelerate major part flowing thus the generation maximizing flowing, etc.Nozzle can also have variable-geometry structure thus adjusts the velocity conditions in nozzle structure relative to environment velocity conditions and contribute to described velocity-stabilization in optimal operating range.Variable inlet geometrical construction and nozzle structure geometrical construction can be implemented as single supporting plate according to the characteristic of module size and/or given fluid or have multiple dependent and independent supporting plate (fascia).In an embodiment, the present invention can provide the nozzle array being suitable for being produced electric energy by air flowing.Array can comprise and has variable-sized nozzle, the nozzle with variable type etc.Such as, variability can about the power generating feature of the shrinkage of nozzle and/or nozzle.Array can comprise the nozzle of butt catenoid shape and be configured as the nozzle of the air flowing contributing to nozzle entrance place.Array can be the array of packages of the nozzle with variable inlet shape, and this shape is Hexagon entry shape, triangle entry shape, square entry shape, Octagon entry shape etc. such as.

Nozzle can also be implemented as single-stage or multi-stage configuration, be included in inside modules outside is accelerated again or pressure fluid flowing so that energy generate in extra use.Homogeneous and non-homogeneous array implement in nozzle geometrical construction and contraction all falls into the scope of the invention.In an embodiment, the present invention can provide the nozzle array being suitable for being produced electric energy by air flowing.This array can to comprise relative to airflow direction by the nozzle of series configuration, is configured to the nozzle of nested series connection, etc.

Module energy conversion can comprise multiple kenetic energy converting device, such as single blade or multiple-blade rotor, or for other equipment of kinetic energy conversion, it is connected in the equipment of the power for generation of useful form, such as generator, transmission device and generator, the power electronic device of multiple generator and useful form, etc., so that control conversion equipment run residing for load parameter and by the power-converting of generation or be adjusted to useful form, so that any terminal uses equipment to use, this terminal uses equipment such as partial electric grid, national grid, storage etc.In an embodiment, conversion can be particularly suitable for the optimization of nozzle structure and modular design and the device of variable characteristic, wherein KE(kinetic energy) conversion and energy generation device can be integrated in the design parameter of embodiment to optimize the use of flowing.

Generate to maximize energy relative to cost when wind speed on a large scale, the rotor of variable-vane quantity can be used as the method that kinetic energy (KE) is changed.When the rotor of variable-vane quantity, the blade design that can use autofolding or be folded mechanically, wherein reduces blade quantity by what the blade of aliquot quantity is put into series connection at front vane.The rotor with varying number blade and different profile can have the performance overview of the given flowing velocity scope of precision-matched.Because ideally optimizing the Power output of the power plant of flow driving, so the rotor making the dish solidity of existence (disc solidity) be adapted to flow can be more efficient than fixing solidity rotor during harvest energy under low speed situations and/or heavy load condition.Variable solidity rotor can have multiple prime number rotor set, and such as 2,3,5 etc.Rotor set can be installed in a series of two-positions slip ring, and wherein when acting on the dynamic force on given group and being excessive, ring can be released and dynamic force on blade can be moved to the operating position on next group blade.In an embodiment, mechanism can be placed in cover, and when the dynamic force closed in vane group with box lunch indicates speed decline, vane group is released to open position.In an embodiment, the present invention can provide the nozzle array being suitable for being produced electric energy by air flowing.In an embodiment, rotor can be formed in wind turbine generation turbo machine and operate, and its rotor is configured to the blade that there is variable number.In an embodiment, the epitrochanterian blade quantity of the nozzle of array can be different from each other between a nozzle and another nozzle.

In addition, describe " inertia " rotor, the spinning momentum of its Leaf can be manipulated to the inertia changing rotor.

In addition, rotor generator relation may be implemented as in HAWT wind turbine, and single or multiple generator directly or by design of gears receives its motive force from central shaft, as fully-integrated mode of execution, as integrated component, etc.

In fully-integrated mode of execution, nozzle itself can form generator, and wherein rotor blade can be manufactured into induction, excitation, permanent magnet rotor, or has magnetic fluid, such as magneto-rheological fluid, and stator is integrated in nozzle model, etc.Alternative embodiments can be that its rotor is attached to and has with the magnetic load-bearing member of trunnion same diameter to produce the mode of execution of power.Another way can be, rotor is attached to the load-bearing member had with trunnion same diameter, its by gears meshing on the outer surface, to drive the multiple generators around trunnion region.

Pressure gradient (PG) intensifier/technology can be used to all modules and superstructure to perform the task of local and overall grad enhancement with respect to the flowing of module and superstructure.PG strengthen can be implemented in the following way, namely utilize thermomechanics and fluid dynamic characteristic to produce the rare region of extra fluid, thus produce strengthen local and overall gradient difference and allow larger percentage flow through given module structure.In addition, the method realizing directed swabbing pressure can also be used to the speed increasing system flow.

Due to the wake flow profile of nozzle, compared with existing generation technology situation in the cards, they can be placed in wind field array and be in a series of more efficient pattern, as described herein.Such as, filled type or binary checker board pattern can maximize cost benefit and land use.In addition, disclosed herein is the method for effective stored energy and integrated building and array.

Fig. 9-22 describes each aspect of the present invention.Fig. 9 describes side view and plan view 902A and 902B of a series of array.Figure 10 shows the heterogeneity array in side view 1002A, plan view 1002B and Front view 1 002C with directed hangover.Figure 11 shows the array 124 with nozzle 104, and this nozzle 104 comprises three integrated electricity generators 1102.Figure 12 shows the example of integrated electricity generator 1102-module 104, and wherein nozzle can comprise PM turbine bucket/rotor and outer stator.Figure 13 shows the array with storage 1300, and it comprises pressurized container 1302, fluid turbine 1304, fluid vessel 1308, vortex tube 1310, flow cavity 1312 and turbocompressor 1314.Figure 14 shows the module in triangle superstructure 104.Figure 15 shows the details of the critical piece of exemplary nozzle 104, and it comprises entrance screen 1502, entrance 1504, rotor 1508, transmission system/generator 1510, supporting element 1512, control and management device 1514, diffuser 1518 and outlet screen 1520.Figure 16 shows two nozzles 104 be arranged in series in 1602.Figure 17 shows the plan view of Hexagon nozzle 1700 and the embodiment of side view.Figure 18 shows the example of the nozzle with circular trunnion and polygonal outlet 1800.In this illustration, the nozzle with circular trunnion can change to 0 curvature in polygonal outlet port from the 1/r Curvature Interpolation of trunnion.In an embodiment, middle slice formula polygonal can be that Reuleaux(strangles Lip river) polygonal.Figure 19 shows the example 1900 of two nozzles 104 be nested in together, is wherein separated shrinkage between two nozzles and will be comparatively nested in comparatively in giant by small nozzle, thus can increase acceleration.Figure 20 shows the Front view 2 002A of superstructure link and the side view 2002B of superstructure link.Figure 21 shows the horizontal axis wind turbogenerator with module protection screen assembling set and arranges 2100.Figure 22 shows superstructure and the module installation 2200 of hexagonal module.

Module can be importance of the present invention, and wherein module can be inserted into the integrated component as plug and play parts in array.Module can be made up of structured component, nozzle supporting plate, rotor, generator, transmission system, power management component etc.Module can the assembled element as being assembled to separately in given superstructure unit.Module can have at least one and automatically lock/and release mechanism be can be attached to both superstructure and adjacent block thereof by described module.This can allow individual module be removed when needed and be replaced, and can not affect running or the structural integrity of array.

In an embodiment, module can have at least one structured component to provide support for main blower surface, and it comprises and to provide support power unit and protect.Structured component can the main carrying of forming array and pressure-containing member.In addition, they can comprise the power management and transmission part that are tied, and described parts are connected in major impetus conductive array.

In an embodiment, inertia rotors can be handled spinning momentum by radius variable weight system thus provide variable rotatory inertia, and wherein rotor blade and hub can be made up of single or multiple grading type chamber.In addition, based on the centripetal motion of radius toward the outside, and can allow by the material movement increased the weight of.This can by being realized by weighting material, and this is controlled so as to be in balance under rotation by weighting material.When fluid, fluid can be allowed to cycle through a series of chamber, thus produces more stable inertial rotation and Energy transmission.This inertia rotors can be implemented by means of counterweight and flexible structure, and this structure example is as spring, memory plastics etc., and wherein flexible structure and counterweight can be inserted in the single inner chamber in rotor blade.Along with rotation and centripetal force increase, counterweight can make flexible structure extend to the tip of rotor and thus be changed over by the inertia of rotor advantageously in the situation that rotor uses.Counterweight or fluid can also be controlled by means of actuator.In an embodiment, extended position can be maintained at during particular case by weighting material, such as, when fluid force declines, when fluid force is steady, under fluid force is in maximum value etc. situation, wherein extended position can be maximum rotational position.In an embodiment, the present invention can provide the nozzle array being suitable for being produced electric energy by air flowing.Rotor can be formed in wind turbine generation turbo machine and operate, its rotor can be configured to the vicissitudinous inertia of tool, such as rotor be included in the blade on spring thus different inertia is provided when different rotation rates, rotor is included in the fluid composition of blade interior thus provides variable inertia etc.

In an embodiment, the nozzle segment of module can be important in power generates.Bleed type for regulate fluid flow can comprise the solid body with single supporting plate, has the solid body of multiple supporting plate, the geometrical construction of fractional open main body, etc.Bottom geometrical construction for nozzle can there are differences feature.Using to optimize plane, conicoid geometrical construction can be utilized, wherein by carrying out blocking at Polygonal Boundary place for radial or radial direction/elliptic function and form the entrance of nozzle.This can allow nozzle to cover polygonal entry zone, and it has variable inlet curvature and has effective momentum simultaneously thus concentrate on round structure and expand into very similar polygonal exit region.The ability covering non-circular (such as square) entrance region can use fluid level more effectively, and secondary geometrical construction can maximize supporting plate separation and minimize superpressure relative to trunnion.In addition, can by secondary or radial structure be applied to the complexity that bottom geometrical construction carrys out extended surface geometrical construction.

Second feature can be the radial function for determining the curvature that constriction zone meets.In prior art, the optimization curvature of radial nozzles can be come from round arcuate segment, and such as, between 1.8 to 2d, wherein d is the diameter of trunnion.Such curvature can cause entry zone place to lose most effective mass.

In an embodiment, according to nozzle contraction level, dissimilar single arc and multi sphere curvature can be used, such as be specifically designed to single arc radial direction or the elliptical curvature of low-shrinkage, the single arc formed for two radial functions of low or medium ratio occurs simultaneously, single arc of the arc ratio determined based on the vector difference by the momentum distribution described in the inventive method part realizes, for compared with the multi sphere of high shrinkage and single main body or multiagent supporting plate, etc.This curvature can also change relative to the angular orientation at boundary polygon and trunnion center according to it.

In an embodiment, can based on the shrinkage of import and the ratio dispersing portion's section state the present invention construct in disperse geometrical construction, this ratio result in the volume ratio function converging volume and disperse volume, and wherein said volume ratio function increases along with shrinkage.Such as, 2 times of contractions can need the volume ratio more than 1:7, and this makes the divergence angle about causing being less than 4 degree when being contracted in the parameter above described.In addition, variable-nozzle can provide the nozzle contraction rate relative to flowing velocity dynamic adjustments thus the speed in module is remained on given rated velocity.This can allow the variable reduction in wind-force source and allow array to export consistently with given rating value.

In an embodiment, array superstructure and array can be provided to install, wherein array superstructure can be made up of power transmission and management and controlling component, modular construction supporting member, array-support structure etc.Power transmission component can be banded in modular construction and support in apportion element, and it extends to bottom from array top and allows modular power system to transmit power when connection and the impedance with minimum number.Superstructure can be concentrated (such as having mast and hanging rod structure), or also can be disperseed (such as having multiple apportion supporting element).

In an embodiment, the present invention can provide and be suitable for generating at wind turbine the nozzle used in turbo machine, and wherein nozzle can comprise networking or distributed-power control and transmit.The dynamic Control power can optimized in multiple nozzle generates and can monitor power in order to reasons such as performance, maintenance, replacings and generates.Dynamic Control dynamically can manage the loading demand of multiple nozzle, such as, when management is the situation such as local, the overall situation.Dynamic Control can carry out Optimal performance by the feedback loop etc. using neuron network, genetic algorithm, fuzzy algorithmic approach, correct based on prediction probability, exports and minimum losses to maximize.Dynamic Control can use personal communication system, route system, distributed communication system etc., controls each element in multiple nozzle.Dynamic Control can utilize digitization electronics, Analogical Electronics, electronic chip, electronic logic door, centralized processing, parallel processing, distributed treatment, by hardwire, wireless etc.Power transmission can be integrated in structural element, in structural element outside etc.Power transmission can comprise the pattern that can minimize impedance loss, such as, have branch-main line network structure (branch-trunk network structure), direct-power generator-trunk line linkage structure etc.Figure 23 shows the space frame of the square array of two kinds of different structure 2302A and 2302B.Figure 24 shows nozzle polygonal 2402A and 2402B with different entry port shape, and it has the structured constructional elements of embedding, and wherein left side view shows the comparatively macrostructure component of embedding, and right side view shows the comparatively minor structure component of embedding.Figure 25 shows the power transmission being in square array and arranges 2502, and it illustrates the power transmission structure that nozzle is in place.This can illustrate the example of modularization mode of execution, and wherein horizontal structure component to be embedded in module and to lock onto afterwards in apportion parts to form space frame.Other embodiments such can comprise clamshell style mode, direct-assembling etc.Figure 25 also show transfer connector, and its main apportion cable 2504 with 35kV connects, 25kV generator cable connects 2508 and link plate 2510.

In an embodiment, superstructure structure can based on concrete Array Embodiments.Array embodiment mode can follow the geometrical construction of any amount based on module geometrical construction, such as Hexagon, rectangle, triangle, trapezoidal etc., and wherein array geometry structure can not based on module geometrical construction.Array row can be installed separately extraly to allow to respond the independent row of wind direction.On each load-bearing member that these row are installed in type described here or similarity piece, or can be installed to row with being centered, the inner shoe of the mill shoe wherein arranged and row can be made up of material described here with reference to the material property of load-bearing member.In this case, often row all can be equipped with mechanical mechanism or the attitude reference device based on flowing.Each array layer all can be implemented as extraly has power management to adapt to the condition at array heights place, thus increase overall output, described output is stablized in change (this change is the function of the speed increased with the height increased) based on dynamic curve and dynamic load, etc.In addition, supporting structure may be implemented as central series or a series of row.When a series of row, multiple machine can be used to place structure and to maximize the Land_use change exported compared to facility.Such as, chessboard or filled matrix configuration can be preferred, and wherein common land Pile Foundation between each array of each infall of electrical network, to optimize the ratio of output and facility cost.

Ground relevant to installation, can provide stored energy.Due to the variability of resource, there is cost-efficient stored energy method so it is desirable to have for wind energy machine.The pressurized air be known in the art or pumped type water level energy storage storage or battery or other equipment for storing may be have the energy that cost-efficient mode produces to store wind-force, and the energy that wherein array produces can be used to pressurized air or be served by water pump rise certain gravity gradient.Can be used to provide power to turbo machine after the energy stored, this turbo machine carrys out produce power based on electrical network demand instead of wind-force change.The subject matter relevant with some storage schemes is the efficiency relevant with cost.In waterpower situation, stored energy need main equipment and can water realize store.For this reason, in space and structure, pressurized air can present more general scheme when less requirement.Such as, pressurized air and vortex tube can be used to the closed-loop flow system producing density based, can from this systematic collection energy, and wherein vortex tube can be used to flow separation be become energy component and non-energy component when input compressed-air.According to compressed-air actuated pressure, it may be sizable that the temperature between the hot and cold output of vortex tube exports, in the magnitude or larger of 100C.As shown in base engine principle, these outputs can be used to closed-loop system to produce heat sink and cold sinking, and wherein can determine flow rate by the temperature difference between heat sink and cold sinking.When the energy comprised in original flowing is still not enough relative to the amount of compression source gas energy used, introduce the amount that convergence/diffused (C/D) nozzle optimized can increase the kinetic energy that transition point place exists in closed-loop flow artificially, and thus increase the amount of the power reclaimed by storing process artificially.

In its most reduced form, storage/recovering device can comprise the method for pressurization preferable medium, the pressurized container of store compressed medium, control flow check is used again to catch by the secondary external pressurized container compressing the heat energy discharged to the method for the flowing of turbo machine, based on the Controlled valve of pressurizing medium in electrical network demand release primary tank, at least one vortex tube, flow cavity, by the equipment that the thermal property of hot-fluid and cold flow guides or is delivered in flow cavity, for increasing multiple embedding nozzles of the kinetic energy ratio in flowing in flow cavity, for the equipment of control and management from the power of two pressure systems, for collecting all final kinetic energy (KE) and by the equipment of transmission of power to electrical network, etc..Baseline KE and heat energy (for drive system) can be caught by using extra turbo machine, this extra turbo machine such as steam turbine or KE turbo machine, described steam turbine obtains vapor pressure and flowing in the air compressing stage from the heat that pressurized container is discharged, and described KE turbo machine catches the energy of fluid flowing for driving closed-loop system.

In an embodiment, the present invention can comprise multiple process and functional parts, such as directional array, for air being accelerated to the nozzle in array element, fluid dynamic energy is converted to the rotor motor of mechanical energy, for being that admissible rate or the load that is used for controlling to be applied to KE conversion equipment are to allow the gearbox that conversion process of energy carries out in optimization range by changes mechanical energy, for mechanical energy being converted to the generator of electric energy, energy accumulator, for by the transformation of energy of generation or the equipment being adjusted to desired form, electric substation and grid interface, fuel cell load, etc..In an embodiment, after generator, stored energy can be carried out with the form of electric energy, or carried out stored energy with the form of mechanical energy before generator, as described herein.Array can be used in DIRECT ENERGY transmission system, such as, for pumps water, milling, pump oil, pressurization, gas pressurized, hydrogen separation, fuel cell load etc.Mechanically, the present invention can comprise multiple parts, such as module itself, the setting of array, array and array, superstructure, load-bearing member etc. by module composition.

In an embodiment, module or array can have the mode making himself orientation relative to fluid flowing.Such as, afterbody can be provided from oriented structure, such as, be placed in the afterbody (it makes module or array spin about wind direction) on rotary support axis, or the structure of nozzle or array can be configured to produce more directional characteristic.Can also have and help other directed structure characteristicss, such as by side coating shape, provide different orientation at varying level, allow varying level or module or array part section independent directed, etc.

In an embodiment, nozzle structure can provide critical elements of the present invention, and such as 2.75 nozzles shunk produce the power increase of 6 to 7.5 times, etc.Can affect mass flowrate by multiple parameter, described parameter such as shrinkage, comprise the highstrung import geometrical construction of shrinkage and diffuser geometrical construction, as become 2.75 from 2, then result is by more responsive for the factor become such as entrance angle; The simple geometry structure in past, quadratic equation can become very complicated, and wherein more complicated geometrical construction and surface layer can be used; Etc..In an embodiment, the shrinkage of 2.75 can be good value, and the relation of wherein shrinkage, curvature, diffuser length, import etc. can be enough to realize larger power to be increased and do not need to rely on complicated geometrical construction.Use the shrinkage of less than 2 times, then about the comparison of swept area used of whole machine and the relation between cost and output, the power increase of realization may be not enough to provide the advantage compared to HAWT system.Variable venturi contraction can be a factor, and it has the ability changing trunnion.Temperature can be a factor, wherein adds hot air at nozzle rear or causes other modes of extra degree of rarefication can produce the fluid of improvement, and is also effective within the storage system.

In an embodiment, the present invention can provide and be suitable for generating at wind turbine the nozzle used in turbo machine, and wherein said nozzle can comprise contraction.Such as, nozzle can comprise the shrinkage (i.e. the ratio of throat pipe diameter and inlet diameter) of about 2, and wherein the length of diffuser is greater than five times of inlet length, and wherein the ratio of diffuser length and inlet length can be approximately 7:1.In an embodiment, shrinkage (i.e. the ratio of throat pipe diameter and inlet diameter) can be greater than 2, and nozzle is used to nozzle array or is used as single-nozzle.In another case, nozzle can comprise the shrinkage (i.e. the ratio of throat pipe diameter and inlet diameter) of about 2.5, and wherein the length of diffuser is greater than five times of inlet length, and wherein the length of diffuser and the ratio of inlet length can be approximately 9:1.In another case, nozzle can comprise the shrinkage (i.e. the ratio of throat pipe diameter and inlet diameter) of about 2.75, and wherein the length of diffuser is greater than five times of inlet length, and the ratio of the length of diffuser and inlet length can be approximately 11:1.In another case, nozzle can comprise the shrinkage (i.e. the ratio of throat pipe diameter and inlet diameter) being greater than about 1.5, and wherein the length of diffuser is greater than five times of inlet length.In an embodiment, nozzle can comprise convergence import and diverging diffuser, and wherein the length of diffuser can be longer than import, such as, be greater than five times of inlet length.In an embodiment, nozzle can be suitable for using in the turbo machine producing power at the environmental movement by air, and wherein nozzle can comprise import and diffuser, and wherein the length of diffuser can be longer than import, such as, be greater than five times of inlet length.

The geometrical construction of nozzle inlet also can be played an important role in the present invention, such as, in the front edge geometrical construction, curvature, length etc. of import, outlet geometrical construction.The curvature of import can be important, such as, when average angle is greater than 45 degree in twice contractibility, then may obtain power loss.Once increase to the shrinkage of 2.5, then can become to import curvature and length more responsive.The length of import can be important, such as, when there is gradient on flowing.If inlet length is significantly beyond trunnion, then loss can be there is.Once inlet length is less than length of throat, then suddenly can find the actual prediction speed at trunnion place.Should notice that if present elastic impact, then momentum can deviate from front edge.It had not both met this place, did not meet classical Boundary Layer Problem yet.The effect that momentum departs from can be greater than desired by the analysis of momentum diffusion layer.And can some exchange of kinetic energy be there are between the wall that import is slowly turned.Can be moved based on the possibility along rare direction molecule the variable of the degree of rarefication and density of observing molecule and momentum.Shrinkage is less, then inlet length must be shorter.In initial sparse gradient situation, if there is the suitable entrance angle allowing momentum to point to towards trunnion, then can there is density in entry zone increases.When there is incorrect import geometrical construction when larger shrinkage, the anchor ring torrent (toroidal bleed-over) on front edge can cause the mass loss to nozzle exterior.

In an embodiment, the present invention can provide and be suitable for generating at wind turbine the nozzle used in turbo machine, such as optimised for front edge geometrical construction, curvature etc.The front edge of nozzle can be optimised based on the reference angle of flow direction, and the momentum vector wherein coming from front edge can the trunnion of substantially nozzle clearing.In an embodiment, import front edge can have the reference angle being no more than 1.1*0.5* θ, wherein tan θ=(0.5 (D _i-D _t)+D _t)/I _l, wherein D _ithe orifice size of inlet, D _tthroat pipe diameter, I _lit is inlet length.In an embodiment, the present invention can provide and be suitable for generating at wind turbine the nozzle used in turbo machine, and wherein nozzle is optimised based on inlet length, front edge shape, diffuser length etc.In this example, for trunnion place area be inlet-duct area and inlet length be throat pipe diameter nozzle for, the maximum incident angle at front edge place can be 47 degree.In an embodiment, when for this group parameter, 2 times of contractions, optimization range can drop between 41 to 37 degree.Import from front edge to trunnion can meet the combination etc. of ellipse, radial arc, the combination of the two, multiple ellipse and radial arc.In an embodiment, nozzle can be optimised with the ratio dispersing length based on inlet length, and wherein inlet length can be equal to or less than the diameter of trunnion.

In an embodiment, initial import momentum vector can be released by figure and illustrate.Figure 26 shows Figure 26 00 of initial import momentum vector, and this vector is relevant with drawing the formula at minimum front edge angle.In the drawings, incident path and incident momentum vector is shown relative to import curvature, incident wall and opposed trunnion wall.

In an embodiment, the design of import geometrical construction can cause the imperfect angle with relatively short diffuser.Can obtain 4 times of power to increase when 45 degree of entrance angles, as long as there is curved section, wherein curved section dissemination is in the power of flowing.Basic asymmetric catenoid (rotation hyperbolic function) can be used.In order to realize array, catenoid (adopt funnel-like/catenoid) can be blocked and uses Hexagon, square, triangle or other polygonals to intercept in artificially.When using Hexagon, larger exterior angle latitude can be there is, but straight corner possibility must be more bending.Surface layer (surfacing) can be a factor, wherein can there is little eddy current (vortex) generator on front edge or on whole nozzle surface, such as square vortex generator, golf ball groove (golf ball dimple) or produce thicker displacement layer but more preferably relate to the arbitrary surfaces in boundary layer.In an embodiment, the present invention can provide and be suitable for generating at wind turbine the nozzle used in eddy current.This nozzle can comprise diffuser, and the cross section of this diffuser can have the side of substantially linear from trunnion to outlet.In an embodiment, the exit angle of diffuser can be less than about 4 degree.Nozzle can have the equipment for producing vortex or cyclonic effect near diffuser exit, and such as near outlet, diffuser comprises leaf lobe to promote this effect.In an embodiment, nozzle can have diffuser, such as, have polygonal outlet shapes, square outlet shape, have symmetric polygonal wall, have by the diffuser of the symmetric polygonal wall of arc butt etc.

In an embodiment, the lower cost materials for nozzle can be a factor, if wherein can effectively pass through, then and self orientation of whole object (effect is similar to the large afterbody on kite).When it come to array and optimization, then do not need the such as material such as carbon fiber, e glass, but can use the lightweight material of very low cost, be particularly used in the top place of superstructure/array, such as polycarbonate (PC) thermal foam etc.Also can use combination that is cheap and expensive material, the mechanical property that wherein fiber combines with closed pore or open celled foam can cause the minimizing of holistic cost.In an embodiment, the present invention can provide the nozzle array of the generating electric energy that is suitable for being flowed by air.Array can comprise nozzle, and described nozzle is made up of polycarbonate (PC) thermal foam, polymer, fiber/resin composite material, synthetic foam, closed cell foam, open celled foam or with gel layer etc.In an embodiment, the present invention can provide and be suitable for generating at wind turbine the nozzle used in turbo machine.Nozzle can comprise at least one in multiple quality generating unit.Described parts can be made by Wrapping formed etc. the technique of rotational moulding, injection moulding, resin infusion forming (scrimp molding), hot-forming, lamination, vacuum mo(u)lding, silk thread.When manufacturing described parts, material used can comprise acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) (ABS), polycarbonate (PC) (PC), polyamide (PA), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), PPO＝ polyphenylene oxide (PPO), polysulfones (PSU), polyether-ketone (PEK), polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK), polyimide, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, PVC＝polyvinyl chloride, polymethylmethacrylate, PETG etc.When manufacturing described parts, material used can comprise at least one as follows: acrylic acid, aromatic copolyamide, Te Weilong (twaron), Kai Er pressgang (Kevlar), special section Nola (technora), nomex, carbon, spy's how Coase (tenax), microfibril, nylon, alkene, polyester, polyethylene, enlightening Nima (dyneema), spectra, cellulose ester, vinylon (tencel), Chai Long (zylon), asbestos, basalt, mineral wool, glass wool, synthetic foam, carbon foam, polyurethane foam, polystyrene foam, metal foam etc.Parts can be designed to strengthen the structural characteristics of nozzle thus make cost of material minimizing, material therefor weight saving, minimize built-up time, minimize cost of transportation etc.

In an embodiment, boring can be a factor, and wherein drill bit can drill through from outside thus increase the flowing from outside ambient air, or boring can be used to realize weather vaning thus boot environment air change whirlpool.In an embodiment, the present invention can provide and be suitable for generating at wind turbine the nozzle used in turbo machine, and wherein nozzle can comprise through hole to contribute to air flowing.

In an embodiment, more complicated import geometrical construction can be a factor, the combination of such as geometrical construction, polygonal shape is used to intercept catenoid, adopt quadratic function and apply it on surface ellipse to produce the good aerodynamic shape of water conservancy diversion (such as shark squama (shark scale), single or multiple lift is fan-shaped, baleen etc.), secondary to be blocked extend on nozzle surface thus make momentum spread leave front edge and produce inlet inflow with less antagonism pattern, a series of linear or orthogonal recessed curvature in convex shape, be applied to fairly large wall, vortex generator in nozzle itself is (such as square, nest groove, eddy current film etc.), guide in wedge shape thus towards trunnion forward and flow, recessed and convex curvature, separation diffuser in the latter half part of trunnion etc.

In an embodiment, the present invention can provide and be suitable for generating at wind turbine the nozzle used in turbo machine.Nozzle can have front edge and the import curvature between front edge and the trunnion of nozzle, and wherein the import curvature of front edge and nozzle can be suitable for the momentum vector converging air particles in entry zone, to promote that the air in nozzle flows.In an embodiment, nozzle can have front edge and inlet surface and the import curvature between front edge and the trunnion of nozzle, wherein the import curvature of front edge and nozzle is optimised based on following feature, namely in nozzle air particles prediction gradient, converge etc. with the prediction of the momentum vector of air particles in the predict energy transmission of the interactional air particles of inlet surface of nozzle, nozzle.Nozzle can have front edge and the inlet length between front edge and the trunnion of nozzle, and wherein the inlet length of nozzle can be less than the diameter of the trunnion of nozzle, such as, be 1/2nd.In an embodiment, inlet length can be less than the diameter of trunnion, in half throat pipe diameter with approximate between throat pipe diameter, etc.The geometrical construction of nozzle can be adjusted according to the calculating for the motion possibility of air molecule in nozzle from close quarters to sparse region.The surface of nozzle can comprise vortex generator.Nozzle can be configured to have certain surface and be shaped to optimize the flowing from front edge, such as, block ellipse based on secondary, be similar to multiple quadratic functions of n iterative fractal, shark squama shape, scallop shape, baleen shape etc.

In an embodiment, nozzle can be series connection, and the nested nozzle at such as trunnion rear, one wherein in trunnion can be in close proximity to theoretical increase level, and the meeting of one, outside is 90% of its theoretical increase level.In an embodiment, nozzle module can by integrated as single-piece, such as, make the blade of the rotor of turbo machine become integrated component.Other forms slightly do not optimized also can be used and are incorporated in array, the wide angle diffuser, two dimensional nozzle, planomural nozzle etc. of such as super Venturi tube.

In an embodiment, the present invention can provide and be suitable for generating at wind turbine the nozzle used in turbo machine.Nozzle can have the import geometrical construction being configured to carry out optimization airflow based on the momentum vector in entry zone, wherein momentum vector can be derived from the interaction with the angle of the front edge of nozzle, nozzle can be configured to produce the momentum vector being directed into nozzle clearing trunnion after the front edge with nozzle interacts, etc.Nozzle can be arranged in series with at least another nozzle.The shrinkage (shrinkage between the inlet diameter of nozzle and the throat pipe diameter of nozzle) that nozzle can be formed to have is such as about 2.75, between 2 to 4, between 2.5 to 3.5, etc.In an embodiment, the ratio that nozzle can comprise throat pipe diameter and inlet diameter be approximately 2 shrinkage and wherein the length of diffuser can be about seven times of inlet length.In an embodiment, the ratio that nozzle can comprise throat pipe diameter and inlet diameter be approximately 2.5 shrinkage and wherein the length of diffuser be about nine times of inlet length.Nozzle can be configured to make the diameter of trunnion to change.In an embodiment, equipment can be provided to improve air temperature in nozzle environment or density to increase the flowing by nozzle, and such as, air near being exported by heated nozzle changes air temperature.

In an embodiment, diffuser geometrical construction can be factor, such as an exit angle, diffuser length, is split into two halves by diffuser, the quartering etc., thus increases diffuser efficiency, diffuser shape, radial whirlpool etc.Such as, when shrinkage increases, best diffuser can become longer and can become longer with comparing of import, and such as, when shrinkage is 2, the best ratio of diffuser length and inlet length can be 1:7, best than can be 1:9 2.5 time, etc.Diffuser shape can be bending, and it is straight for arriving outlet, radial function is transformed into polygonal function, uses long or wide-angle diffuser, uses the nozzle optimized when long diffuser for wind conditions, etc.Radial whirlpool can in diffuser exit region or diffuser rear produce rudimentary whirlpool or larger vortex speed, wherein bending weathercock (vaning) can make gas have outer radial motion when leaving, and this can cause exists additional sparse layer in diffuser inside.In addition, can produce whirlpool by Environmental Conditions air, weathercock together can make for introducing ambient air and strengthening whirlpool with boring, etc.Can utilize other mechanical means of generation degree of rarefication described herein, the reverse rotor being such as attached to main KE transfer rotor together can use with the geometrical construction optimized and Array Embodiments.The method of this increase degree of rarefication can allow to use the unoptimizable geometrical construction may in machine cost parameter with good effect.

In an embodiment, the relation of import geometrical construction and diffuser geometrical construction can be changed based on shrinkage.In order to produce large quality throughput, when increasing shrinkage, import and diffuser geometrical construction become more important.

In an embodiment, rotor parameter can be important in the present invention, the shape of such as blade and surface layer (it can produce eddy current on upper and lower both surfaces of blade).Multiple blade shape can be used, on lower limb, such as use vortex generator (it can be added on the lift of blade), for larger power smaller angle (if but angle vanishing, then lift may not be there is, therefore slightly little numerical value can be good, the such as average angle of 4 degree), (if source direction the unknown of gas, it can be unmanageable to minimize the drag effect acted on vane tip due to boundary layer effect, therefore usefully produce different types of blade shape thus minimize the boundary layer separation above blade), solve the boring of Boundary Layer Problem, make blade cheap as far as possible, etc..Such as, rotor can be two meters long, be formed by thermoplastic, can be hollow, and operates when having aerofoil profile is scanned-reversed on basis.Adjusting pitch degree can be used to the blade efficiency by regulating lower pitching angle to increase during larger speed.

In an embodiment, the present invention can provide the nozzle array of the generating electric energy that is suitable for being flowed by air.Rotor can be formed in wind turbine generation turbo machine and operate, its rotor is included in the eddy current generation equipment of the complex topography on blade, eddy current generation equipment such as on the lower surface of blade, eddy current generation equipment such as on the upper surface of blade, the surface that eddy current generation equipment is included in blade provides nest groove, shark squama pattern etc.Rotor can be formed in wind turbine generation turbo machine and operate, and its rotor can comprise the small angle relative to rotor plane of rotation, such as, be less than the angle of approximate four degree.

In an embodiment, rotor can be variable inertia rotors, if wherein the quality of rotor is centered in around hub, then there is less inertia to start rotor.In an embodiment, the mechanical energy being provided for rotor can be there is and export stable equipment, power is caught and (wherein because weight is placed on edge so can there is larger power during the abatement of wind) can be expanded when the abatement of wind, change the dynamics of rotor between lower-speed state and fast state thus keep it longer, etc.In an embodiment, structure can as the situation when speed of rotation increases by mass transfer to external lateral portion, such as, by attached memory plastics spring, by using rubber elasticity actuator, by using metal spring, by spring-loaded actuating, the actuating of the coil passed therethrough by using electric current, passes through fluid, pass through mechanical actuator, by increasing rotor, by centripetal motion, etc.By utilizing spring, can avoid narrowing during low speed, and this can occur when the abatement of wind.Startup weight can also be used in center, move outside this startup weight afterwards and under inertia, keeping peak power output at a high speed and along with the abatement of wind.In an embodiment, quality on spring can be used to the edge by moving on to rotor outside inertia, such as by flat or circular pipe are placed on rotor center axis, quality is placed on spring, is inserted into, and make it arrive end, at this along with rotor is slack-off, spring is retracted, or spring release weight, etc.

In an embodiment, rotor can utilize variable-vane, such as, has six blades when starting, and enable afterwards actuator or based on pressure switch thus allow some blades to collapse to reduce the total number of the blade worked.Such as, this can be implemented as any prime number multiple, and such as eight are declined to become four and are declined to become two afterwards, or 12 are declined to become after six and drop to three, etc.In this case, a prime number blade can have most of structure, and secondary and three grades there is less structure, such as, by hot-formingly to make, be inserted in hub and increase along with wind speed and collapse.In an embodiment, when can from 12% to 30% when having correct blade quantity to the energy capture at flow rate place, if therefore need the good dynamics curve obtained in scope, then need to obtain correct blade structure and maximize on the four corner of speed.This can convert the remarkable increase of annual output to.Such as, so-called low speed can be the 60-70% of any wind field place maximum (distribution).System now ignores gentle breeze usually, because obtain more power from large wind area.The place of land, most of east coast and near cities (be not directly by the sea) is three grades or level Four place.Whole the southeast is one-level place.In the place that wind-force works (Pyatyi), there is other problems because of the distance problem at distance center, main cities.Therefore, work when being built up in gentle breeze and the system also worked when high wind is very effective.

In an embodiment, for the present invention, the structured configurations of module may be important.Such as, module can be integrated package, and it puts together with the superstructure element be connected in module individually, and is all joined together afterwards.In an embodiment, structure can be Hexagon setting, square setting, triangle arranges and parts are placed in wherein, basic geodetic structure and modular unit are placed in similar setting wherein etc.Superstructure itself may need actuator, and lid can be opened and closed.In an embodiment, row (power transmission row) can be constructed and use module packing space.Each superstructure element of module all can buckle into bus, and this bus buckles into main line (different from providing independent circuit).If realized in a modular way, then parts can be removed and another is placed into, thus provide complete modularization mode of execution, and have the activity deposit (running stock) changing module.In an embodiment, module can be on coaster and it has the mode that it arrives ground separately, or module can be mounted by means of built-in mountion plate.Also pseudo-modularization (Pseudo-modular) mode of execution can be there is, its superstructure by means of manufacturing module individually and insertion element.Parts can by Assembling compared with non-at-scene.Decomposition module member can be made, such as, for clam shell top part and the clam shell outlet member of nozzle, wherein first generator can be placed in superstructure.The hoist of guide rod or the form of guiding can be used to remove parts to change.Can groove be there is in superstructure, such as, front in superstructure and rear, and there is fluting post, so that module is installed on fluting post.Module by making in site, such as, can manufacture in tractor-trailer, can by making in site at this such as nozzle.Once process is automation, then can reduce the possibility of manual errors.

In an embodiment, wild animals and plants protection/antifouling system can be there is, such as, as being used in the screen on the identical bar in superstructure, because may throw into question this bird and bat.In an embodiment, insect can not be major issue, but can there is utilized self-cleaning surface, such as certain plants, as lotus leaf, can not cause being bonded in surface in the viscosity of this intrinsic molecule.Modularization can allow extracted by screen and clean.In an embodiment, the present invention can provide and be suitable for generating at wind turbine the nozzle or nozzle array that use in turbo machine, and wherein nozzle can be suitable for extreme condition, such as earthquake, high wind, ice and snow etc.Applicability for extreme condition can comprise the mechanism allowing nozzle to withstand earthquake, and wherein said mechanism can be fluid ground, gyrostat mechanism, hinge mechanism, frequency damping mechanism etc.Applicability for extreme condition can comprise the mechanism allowing to withstand high wind (as fresh breeze).Applicability for extreme condition can comprise the mechanism allowing the part-structure of nozzle to degenerate.In addition, can comprise for the mechanism of nozzle deicing for the applicability of extreme condition.Nozzle can also be protected by wild animals and plants inhibitor, such as, broadcast sound wave type inhibitor, machinery screen, sense of smell formula inhibitor etc.

In an embodiment, it can be importance of the present invention that nozzle array and array are arranged, and wherein can there is advantage in the structure becoming array.Such as, compared with monomer-type, if effectively ratio is one to ten, then more power may be needed effectively to use space needed for monomer type jet nozzle, and possibly cannot keep stable when some structural element is not and is made up of the aerodynamics material of costliness.In certain embodiments, after turbine outlet, the distance formed needed for flowing is similar to again is the degree of depth of an about array, and therefore needs array to be stacked on rear each other, the checkerboard type of such as Fig. 2 or common mounting type structure.

In an embodiment, module can be constructed in an array thus cover the signal portion in array plane.In an embodiment, the best mode covering this plane can be have to block catenoid geometrical construction.If compared between array and conventional turbo machine, then can start to find out larger difference, such as, array on platform is compared with towering turbo machine.In addition, the region of array can need not to be solid shape or size.Such as, array can start from 30m place and be elevated to 90m, or it can start at lower part.In an embodiment, the present invention can provide the nozzle array being suitable for being produced electric energy by air flowing, and wherein array can be included in the nozzle of the variable type at different heights place.Such as, some nozzles at high height place can be larger than the nozzle at lower height place, and some nozzles at high height place can have less contraction than the nozzle at lower height place, etc.Array must not have round structure, and therefore it can be 115m × 35m, or alternately, it can cover similar swept area when similar different proportion.In an embodiment, more power can be obtained, because there is more large size when larger wind speed.Another advantage is, in the single large-scale blade turbomachine of tradition, can have different wind speed at top and bottom, and this difference can produce non-homogeneous stress load and output under some average case.In the present invention, the comparable bottom line in every provisional capital produces many, and there is not stress load between top and bottom line.Top a line or two row himself can obtain power more more than whole conventional turbine frame.Producing power, floor space and do not needing in customization building, the ability handling array area is a principal element, and the present invention can allow custom design, thus based on the produce power such as dynamic curve, wind distribution.In an embodiment, when using Array Design, can reuse effectively for many different places, the structure of modularization, space frame superstructure.

In an embodiment, array parameter can comprise optimizes the module of quantity, and wherein parameter can comprise the balance etc. of tangential wind load, frost, inertial component, the cost of manufacture rotor, carrying, power output, the area of covering, nozzle depth, height and the degree of depth; The vertical starting point of array beginning; The vertical point of array end; Array-width; Array depth; Modular shape, such as square, rhombus, Hexagon, triangle, rectangle, polygonal assembled package shape, encapsulation polygonal etc.; Array configuration, such as square, rhombus, triangle, trapezoidal, shaping coating (direction that wherein some object bleeds off wind along nozzle bleeds off wind, and the copy having outside nozzle coverage area and/or extend along coating); Module changeable, such as size and dimension is variable; Load-bearing member, such as between array row for independent directed or for the load-bearing member of whole array, magnetic load-bearing member, wind-force load-bearing member, load-bearing member for array row, etc.; Inhomogeneity, such as outside module is less than inner side module or vice versa, the impact on the structural load-bearing member of array, for the impact of distribution, etc.; Load-carrying characteristic, such as management is dispersed throughout the load of array; The ability of series configuration, be such as placed with end-to-end, become grid, based on sub-fraction rate of departure etc.; The turbulent flow mixed on the exterior section of module, such as, have vortex generator, axial flow pipe, as boring, has the rear edge of vortex generator on wing, thus optimize the mixing of wake flow air; The array configuration of combination; Superstructure; The mounting characteristics of single array; The mounting characteristics of wind field, such as size relative to each other; Array is arranged; Etc..In an embodiment, array is laid in wind field structure and can needs multiple design parameter, such as across the minimum optimized dimensions of array, compared with rear array before array quantity and size, wherein array is placed in wind field, and wind field can be near cities, top, hot-zone, close transmission line etc.

In an embodiment, superstructure parameter can be importance of the present invention, such as modularization; Space frame is applied to array superstructure; Be integrated in the shape of given module; Be integrated in dynamic structure; Load-carrying supporting element, such as, need horizontal support piece relative to the length of module, is less than the square load-bearing member of rhombus, etc.; The space frame be shaped, such as, coating on space frame, determining which component needs to be thickened, the placement of horizontal support piece, etc.; As the constructional space framework of conductivity cell; Power is transmitted by superstructure, such as attached/conducting power, the placement of bus, the placement of link, to the demand of primary bus row, it is attached that the module in structure and primary bus arrange, electric wire is routed to neutral bus from each thus be transferred to electrical network a large-scale cable, minimize impedance thus contribute to allowing effective distribution of energy, minimizing complexity and the cost of installation and maintenance, etc.; Tube shape; Superstructure weight distribution; Etc..In an embodiment, the present invention can provide structural array cause air to flow and produce electric energy, and wherein structural array can be that composite space frame-type wind-force generates array superstructure.Space frame can be made up of composite material or alloy material.Space frame can comprise the constructive elements of shape variable, solidity variable component, variable component, fixed component etc.Space frame can also comprise the characteristic improving structural characteristics, materials'use, cost of material, material weight etc.

In an embodiment, electrical system can be importance of the present invention, such as, electricity distribution in superstructure; Dynamic voltage regulation; HIGH PRESSURE TREATMENT; Load regulation; Load management/load analysis, such as, comparatively heavy load on array upper end, analyzes the load on individual machine when turbo machine array, etc.; Load is split; Power/Energy Transfer, such as, for the power adjustment of the power from General Cell, the network type framework of distribution load, supervising the network, neuron network, power distribution station, grid interface etc.In an embodiment, storage system can be importance of the present invention, such as energy is for compressed fluid or gas, wherein energy proceeds to compression system from electrical network, thus carry out operate turbines compressor by energy, when compressing, water container uses heat, by the Swirl tube radiator be blown into by the air compressed on cyclic cavity inner bottom part, minimum wind force form is built in cyclic cavity, turbo machine is placed in structure to produce very effective storage system, thus use nozzle to cause wind-force flow thus change based on heat and density, it contributes to stable output in time, and enter electrical network afterwards, stable output in time, vortex tube is used to produce large pressure reduction, etc..

In an embodiment, the present invention can provide the nozzle array being suitable for being produced electric energy by air flowing, and wherein electrical load management equipment can be provided for the variable electrical load managing and be associated with the different dynamic generating unit of array.Alternately, mechanical load management equipment can be provided for the variable electrical load managing and be associated with the different dynamic generating unit of array.

In an embodiment, the present invention can provide the nozzle array being produced electric energy by air flowing, and wherein array can comprise dynamic Control.Dynamic Control can be networking or non-network.Networking dynamic Control can comprise power transmission, such as power transmission is integrated in structural element, in structural element outside, comprise and utilize at least one in branch-main line network structure and direct-power generator-trunk line linkage structure to minimize the network morphology of impedance loss, etc.Networking dynamic Control can to generate and the power monitoring array in order to objects such as performance, maintenance, replacings generates by the power in optimization array.Networking dynamic Control dynamically can to manage in multiple array at least one loading demand.Networking dynamic Control can use optimization method, such as neuron network, genetic algorithm, fuzzy algorithmic approach, the feedback loop etc. that corrects based on prediction probability, thus maximize export, minimum losses etc.Networking dynamic Control can use personal communication system, route system, distributed communication system etc., controls each network element at least one in multiple array.Networking dynamic Control can utilize digital control, analogue enlargement etc., electronic device, electronic chip, electronic logic etc. can be utilized, utilize centralized or distributed treatment, by hardwire or wireless, comprise at least one in electronic chip and management algorithm, etc.

In an embodiment, the present invention can provide the nozzle array being suitable for being produced electric energy by air flowing, and wherein array can comprise power conversion unit, power management element etc.Power-converting and managent component can be connected to power frequency converting mechanism, power adjustment mechanism etc., so that for the preparation of the power of storage, transmission, use etc., wherein mechanism can be LVDC transducer, HVAC transducer, LVDC frequency converter, HVAC frequency converter etc.In an embodiment, power management can be local, the overall situation etc.Power-converting and power management element can utilize power diode, thyristor, transistor, power MOSFET, IGBT etc.In an embodiment, power-converting and power management element can to operate array with stationary power generation speed, and to operate array with variable power generation speed, this can be realized by electrical equipment, be realized etc. by machinery.

In an embodiment, the present invention can provide and be suitable for generating at wind turbine the nozzle used in turbo machine, and wherein the kinetic energy from wind can be converted at least one in electric energy and mechanical energy by nozzle.In an embodiment, can use switching mechanism to realize conversion, this mechanism comprises at least one in following mechanism, i.e. DC Direct driver rotating machinery, AC Direct driver rotating machinery, flywheel, generator, transmission system/gearbox, synchronous single feedback DC rotating machinery, synchronous single feedback AC rotating machinery, asynchronous single feedback DC machine, asynchronous single feedback AC machine, asynchronous double-fed DC machine, asynchronous double-fed AC machine, induction single feedback DC machine, induction single feedback AC machine, induction double-fed DC machine, induction double-fed AC machine, MHD DC rotating machinery, MHD AC rotating machinery, magnetic levitation DC rotating machinery, magnetic levitation AC rotating machinery, low speed DC rotating machinery, low speed AC rotating machinery, middling speed DC rotating machinery, middling speed AC rotating machinery, high speed DC rotating machinery, high speed AC rotating machinery, speed change DC rotating machinery, speed change AC rotating machinery, fixed speed DC rotating machinery, fixed speed AC rotating machinery, frequency conversion DC rotating machinery, frequency conversion AC rotating machinery, fixed frequency DC rotating machinery, fixed frequency AC rotating machinery, squirrel-cage DC rotating machinery, squirrel-cage AC rotating machinery, permanent magnet DC rotating machinery, permanent magnet AC rotating machinery, self-excitation DC rotating machinery, self-excitation AC rotating machinery, superconductor DC or AC rotating machinery, superconductor AC rotating machinery, 1-n phase DC rotating machinery, 1-n phase AC rotating machinery, centreless DC rotating machinery, centreless AC rotating machinery, vibration machine and the mechanism based on potential energy.Switching mechanism also can be controlled by least one in electricity and machine power control and management equipment.

In an embodiment, the present invention can provide and be suitable for generating in turbo machine at wind turbine the nozzle used, and wherein nozzle can comprise speed and load management devices, and wherein speed management optimizes spinner velocity, relation between power-converting and aerodynamic loss.Speed devices can comprise electricity or mechanical mechanism to carry out working machines with variable or fixed speed.Load management devices can comprise carries out electricity or machine management for the load be applied on rotor or generator.Electronic load management can realize by means of power electronic device.Mechanical load management can realize by means of transmission system or gearbox or gear type, CVT or institute's application type.

In an embodiment, the present invention can provide and be suitable for generating at wind turbine the nozzle used in turbo machine, and wherein nozzle can comprise power-converting managent component.Power-converting managent component can be connected at least one in power frequency converting mechanism, power frequency adjustment mechanism, LVDC-HVAC transducer, LVDC-HVAC frequency converter etc., so as in order to store, transmit and at least one object in using to prepare power.Power management can be local, the overall situation etc.Power management element can utilize power electronic device, such as power diode, thyristor, transistor, power MOSFET, IGBT etc.Power management element can with arrays that operates such as stationary power generation speed, variable power generation speed.In an embodiment, power management can be realized by machinery.

In an embodiment, the detailed aspect of nozzle structure can be important for the present invention, difference wherein between prior art and the present invention can comprise polygonal and block revolution moulding, to produce bottom geometrical construction, front edge (LE) geometrical construction, it is by inlet length, curvature and retrained relative to the LE angle of shrinking/determine, use import and shrinkage parameters thus determine diffuser geometrical construction, etc.

In an embodiment, the present invention can use concrete nozzle geometrical construction thus flowing be accelerated to the theoretical velocity increase of higher degree in contraction situation.Nozzle can meet basic reducing and expansion structure or DeLavel structure and the shrinkage of pool side for accelerating to become a mandarin and divergent portion becomes a mandarin described in " reexpanding ".Nozzle geometrical construction can be theoretical based on molecular hydrodynamics, and it is significantly different from continuity method and is not also similar to numerical method, such as discrete Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) or monte carlo method.The difference of nozzle geometrical construction can comprise basic geometrical construction, relative to the specific geometric configuration of LE characteristic sum volume ratio and surface geometry structure.

In an embodiment, can be used by the method optimizing plane of basic secondary surface geometrical construction, wherein be formed the entrance and exit geometrical construction of nozzle by asymmetric (relative to two axis) hyperboloid of revolution of the plate clipped in orthogonal rule or Reuleaux Polygonal Boundary place.By using asymmetric stretched wire function, or radial/oval or butt is radial/oval and the very similar combination of linear function, obtain hyperboloid of revolution.In the stretched wire moulding of adjustment, following equation and condition can be used to obtain hyperboloid of revolution.For import drafting value, for one group of real number, hyperbolic cosine function y=can be used a* cosh (x/ a), wherein x<0 and ' a ' are by the function determined as required shrinkage and inlet length.For export value, for one group of real number of x>0, use following formula y=( a ⁿ* cosh (x/ a ⁿ))-( a ⁿ- a), wherein for the y value of function, n determine from initial (0, a) trunnion value disperse/increment rate.

In an embodiment, polygonal blocks hyperboloid of revolution and nozzle can be allowed to cover polygonal entry zone and have variable inlet curvature to have effective momentum simultaneously thus concentrate on round structure and expand to and be very similar to polygonal exit region.The ability covering non-circular (such as square) entrance region can use fluid level immediately more effectively.Preferred polygonal or its combination are following polygonals: situation about covering for complete plane while of closely can be encapsulated and provide Minimum Surface Area scheme has regular polygon or have Reuleaux polygonal when by being desirable to the free-flow percentage of fixed structure.Also the free-flow allowing certain percentage can be used to compared with the regular polygon of high order.

About outlet, can by blocking asymmetric catenoid or linear element or by inserting opposing arcuate curvature thus from the l/r of trunnion _tvalue (wherein r _ttrunnion radius) change to 0 of outlet port, be expanded to the size that entrance polygonal blocks wherein, thus form described outlet.In the polygonal situation of Reuleaux, the curvature forming the arcuate segment of side can be used as smaller value.About the situation that regular polygon and Reuleaux polygonal export, geometrical construction is based on revolution profile instead of form revolution profile.In addition, when being preferably a part for Parallel exporting, this can be blocked polygonal prolongation by additional conduct.In this regard, the overall situation (such as whole nozzle compared to the delimited area in nozzle) shrinkage and thus rule block polygonal parameter can by given as follows:

Wherein n is the # of side, s is side length, rshrinkage, and d _tit is required throat pipe diameter.

Final geometrical construction can by following restriction on the parameters, to guarantee the large mass flow by nozzle.Can by actionradius arc method two-dimensionally (its most simple form) determine and use following equation to come the initial angle LE value of given radius or the stretched wire function of shrinking zone curvature by the convergence of i,

Wherein

The vector of θ=obtained by original incident front edge angle

The inlet length of i=from front edge to trunnion

D _i=inlet diameter

D _t=throat pipe diameter.

According to y value and shrinkage, can be that suspensive chain type, radial direction, ellipse or butt are radial, the contraction of truncated oval or its combination/disperse portion's section.

In an embodiment, the present invention can provide and be suitable for generating at wind turbine the nozzle used in turbo machine.Nozzle can be suitable for generating in turbo machine at wind turbine using, wherein the optimization curvature of nozzle inlet can be determined with its minimum form two-dimensionally, such as when radial arc, by obtaining in the convergence at initial angle front edge place, such as, can use the value i of following equation: and , the vector of wherein θ=obtained by original incident front edge angle, the inlet length of i=from front edge to trunnion, d _i=inlet diameter, and d _t=throat pipe diameter.This optimization can be applied to stretched wire, radial direction, ellipse, butt radial direction, truncated oval or similar function two-dimensionally or dimensionally.In addition, nozzle can be suitable for generating in turbo machine at wind turbine using, and wherein the optimization curvature of nozzle inlet can be greater than the twice of throat pipe diameter.

The geometrical construction with i convergency value can be applied to import globally, and it stems from i border maximum value or in some less border i values.Interpolation can also be used to apply partly, wherein the minimum value of cutoff boundary and maximum value can be solved separately and afterwards for weighted interpolation (mating the curvature of maximum-minimum clearance) to determine the local convergence i about change inlet length in Polygonal Boundary.When applied topically, final geometrical construction does not meet the normal revolution profile in above-mentioned transmitting case.Here additional restraint is the diameter that the mean value of i is preferably equal to or less than nozzle trunnion.Additional restraint is the curvature maximizing other geometrical construction parameter mesospores, and can inherently pass through aforementioned equation to optimize.In this regard, θ value can be relaxed by a coefficient, and this coefficient is limited by following relation: , wherein r is shrinkage.Thus, increase with shrinkage, relaxation coefficient approaches minimum value.

Existing " optimization " import curvature (obtaining under an increased pressure) indicates and does not consider shrinkage, and the optimization curvature of radial nozzles is the arcuate segment of the circle coming from 1.8 to 2d, and wherein d is the diameter of trunnion.Further research of the present invention shows that such curvature causes the loss of most of effective mass that entry zone place exists.

About the divergent portion of nozzle, the angle value from trunnion to outlet can be used to determine to disperse length and the volume ratio converging length.Here the angle that constraint is to disperse wall is no more than 5 degree, describes the angle relative to described preferred shrinkage by following equation: , wherein , and c _dbe the accommodation coefficient relative to inlet length, wherein r is shrinkage.Therefore, state disperse geometrical construction based on the shrinkage (i.e. inlet length and the ratio dispersing length) that result in reducing and expansion volume in the present invention, wherein volume ratio increases along with shrinkage.This is specific LE geometrical construction and variable shrinkage rate, combination based on the reducing and expansion volume ratio (making to have the mass flow of large percentage) of import.In addition, by secondary or other labyrinths are applied to the complexity that basic geometrical construction can increase nozzle surface geometrical construction.This can comprise for the small-scale structure of flow enhuancement and for large-scale structure that is structural or flow enhuancement.

Described quadratic function can be delimited to produce n-body structure surface, such as flakey or nest groove, or can be applied to surface globally, as ripple type or scallop type or backward butt scallop type, and delimits by initially blocking polygonal.The ratio of secondary structure and initial point can change and surface can be compound, and wherein multilayer secondary structure is drawn in the basic geometrical construction of front layer.This allows the combination of the various overall situation and local flow enhuancement element to maximize nozzle quality throughput.In addition, described secondary structure can have boring at arbitrary individual layer or have passage mode of execution in the nearly wall feature of flowing.

In an embodiment, the present invention can provide and be suitable for generating at wind turbine the nozzle used in turbo machine.Nozzle can comprise variable wall profile, such as, utilize the wall profile of linear scallop type.Nozzle can comprise complicated wall pattern, and wherein complicated wall pattern can maximize structural characteristics, and minimum material uses, minimum material weight, etc.Complicated wall pattern can have homogeneous circular profile, polygonal outer shape etc.Complicated wall pattern can provide variable geometry, such as, have linear scallop type, roughly radially bend, roughly oval to bend etc.Complicated wall pattern can provide variable density structure, homogeneous, variable etc.In an embodiment, complicated wall pattern can provide the jet element that can change the minimum cost scheme adapting to local bearing parameter in nozzle.Complicated wall pattern can provide the jet element be made up of rigid material, flexible material etc.

In an embodiment, behavior characteristics can be provided.The butt of multiple individual layer secondary and non-butt nozzle manufactured based on above-mentioned parameter.Relative to the ratio of import and trunnion, the scope of nozzle contraction rate is from 2 to 4.When required shrinkage is more than 4, the geometrical construction of individual layer secondary is indeterminable, because i tends to infinity in the constraint of LE vector scheme.Under these circumstances, multilayer and/or multiagent secondary structure are preferred.In two trunnion scope 25cm and 10cm, manufacture nozzle and adjoint geometrical construction parameter stem from said structure describe.

As known in the art, Bernoulli's equation describes the continuous pressure-velocity relationship of the fluid flowing through contraction place, wherein for discuss quality as KE( u) and interior energy ( p) shown in change, shrinkage result in equal rate of acceleration.Therefore the main existing work in nozzle optimization is based on pressure measurement.But, in prior art (Reid etc.), between the experience measurement of volume mass flowing with the pressure efficiency of nozzle, there is substantive difference.This indicates, and about nozzle efficiency, pressure may not be variable the most accurately.The quality throughput of concrete nozzle geometrical construction is most important variable when classifying to efficiency.The mass flow efficiency classification of these nozzles stems from speed and dynamic date.By contrast, speed is caused by power, and power directly depends on quality throughput, and nozzle performance accurately can be judged by its tight consistency.Velocity relationship depends on mass flow equation, , wherein pequal density, like this for given area A ₁and A ₂, then and , and use Mdot and pvalue solves u _t, it is identical for incompressible fluid, , or simply u _ivalue is multiplied with the contraction ratio of trunnion with import, thus when obtaining given contraction utheoretical velocity increase.

Therefore can be apparent to the mass loss of nozzle exterior from tachometric survey based on following description, wherein biggest quality flowing speed is and , the mass loss %=at trunnion place , measured the quality efficiency that can judge nozzle based on actual velocity by this loss.About kinematic analysis, can draw dynamic equation by the combination of KE and mass flow equation, wherein Mdot item is replaced by mass term.Therefore, the theoretical power ratio regulated for difference in areas in import and trunnion place is,

And nozzle quality flowing can be represented as the function of power, , wherein , and given synchro measure nozzle inner side and outer side, .Wherein further, .Therefore, equal in quality loss ratio can be determined as under speed conditions.Such as, there is the nozzle being punctured into 2 generation 2 speed is increased and 4 times of power increases.If the increase of average measurement speed is 1.7, then mass flow efficiency is 0.85 of maximum value by being similar to.About power, this mass flow will cause power to increase approximate 2.5.Otherwise mean velocity increases by 1.85 and means that the value of mass flow is 0.94, thus causes the power multiple of 3.3.

About said structure parameter, in following table, describe the best in quality mobile performance scope of this bleed type:

optimal parameter form for the structural variable of quality throughput and measuring range:

Have been found that and disperse length and function depends on inlet length instead of throat pipe diameter, as in prior art, even if when larger shrinkage, these values are still driven in approaching each other by geometrical construction and curvature limitation.The change of inlet length and diffuser length, instead of the change of throat pipe diameter, cause very little or do not cause performance difference, thus maintaining L _d/ L _iratio, wherein L _i<d _t, and nozzle meets other geometrical construction parameters.At L _d/ L _iwhen constant rate, the change of throat pipe diameter causes very little equally or does not cause performance difference.

Have been found that optimum beam divergence degree be different from before those angles described in the prior.Have been found that the stenosis of optimum range is inversely proportional to shrinkage.Test outside described optimum range and fall sharply to quality throughput.Larger shrinkage nozzle is responsive especially.In addition, have been found that the change of the inlet length exceeding described scope reduces performance in fact, combine if particularly changed with the diffuser length lower than described scope.

There is not substantive mass flow difference having between the butt of same ratio and non-butt nozzle, thus show butt nozzle simply based on the geometry coverage scale of its wind-force plane can be more effective and because of but preferred.In addition, the nozzle of 2.75 has the secondary quadratic-layer be employed between its initial test phase.Notice the performance improvement of catching based on power.In addition, test nozzles in segmented nested configuration, wherein in a first case when less or when there is no a performance degradation when some names are separated test nozzles.Nozzle is nested in each other in a second situation, and less nozzle is placed in the nominal distance place at larger trunnion rear, thus realizes better throughput when larger shrinkage.

As described in epimere, suppose Flow in Nozzle acceleration based on the principle of mass conservation.Bernoulli's equation and Na Weiye-Stokes equation are considered to the governing equation of the fluid flowing under standard pressure and density.This system is commonly called continuous system, and wherein fluid model is based on macroscopic properties.Na Weiye-Stokes equation usually by numerical solution because there is not general solution.Except these methods, also there are the various numerical methods being applied to fluid flowing, scope is from discrete Lattice Boltzmann Method to monte carlo method.But under certain degree, the major part in these solutions adjusts thus matching test data based on to the empirical of notional result.In addition, consider nozzle performance, seldom there is posterior infromation on a large scale.Gibson and Reid provides the most of integrated data in related domain, but in both, research is all limited to the effect of a feature of isolation nozzle, such as, be that two dimension disperses length in Reid.The prerequisite of nearest research is Numerical value or design test.

Numerically modeling, such as Tekriwal, compared with experience pressure data, use pressure variations to carry out the accuracy of evaluation simulation, but it have ignored flow velocity or obtains flow velocity from pressure variations.In addition, basic assumption is wherein mainly based on the work of Gibson and Reid relatively limited in scope.Problematic prior art is that the improvement function of the nozzle that there is divergent section in subsonic speed system provides not satisfied explanation.Similarly, anything is not had to study yet for the actual characteristic flowed along gradient.The such as formula of linear interpolation pressure gradient power (PGF) equation

But it very moderately approaches flowing almost cannot explain mechanism or the characteristic of flowing itself, is no matter the situation of described flowing when being present in initial conditions or when being in stable state.Can also see, the simulation application of pressure and density item is problematic.

This can be called hydrodynamic equations substantially.(under usual pressurized conditions) approximation capability under they are very beneficial for specified conditions, but the laboratory data in usually solving not tight fit survey region, such as, not mating between the test data of theoretical performance and special true representations nozzle.The research almost lacked completely under not pressurized conditions causes cannot complete understanding nozzle function.Usually difference between laboratory data and theory is explained by real gas from the change of perfect gas or friction effect or some slight errors manufacturing.It is more likely that this is the opposition geometrical construction owing to strengthening flow effect, and this free volume ratio that can be otherwise studied by monomer covered up.

Because monomer constitutes the major component of solid body data and prandtl boundary layer is theoretical and ripple draws Hughes to work basis, therefore predict the error rate of nozzle performance obviously indicate realize according to hydrokinetics (FD) equation there are some intrinsic defects in the understanding of flow mechanism.For this reason, existing theory can not provide reliable basis to optimize designs of nozzles and itself.When related domain particularly subsonic speed system time lack laboratory data, this means to use existing theory to strengthen design to be mainly based on the supposition of experience.

Because high efficiency nozzle design is an object of the present invention, it is therefore desirable that research and development flow model, it indicates and can be used for optimizing the different designs approach of nozzle, wherein a kind of explain each mentioned nozzle area interaction and Matching Experiment data.This needs to understand the particular problem under current hypothesis prescribed condition, and research and develop the model of the pattern of flow that nozzle (such as design described herein) on-stream meeting runs into, and therefore more deep description is carried out for the interaction of solid body and described flowing.

The most pressing problem can comprise in this regard, do not consider fluid pattern of flow and suppose that solid body interaction is substantially similar, pressure gradient " power " (PGF) is used to explain Mechanism of fluid flow, assuming that subsonic flow has homogeneous density in continuous system, be associated with the supposition of freely flowing with the otherness in boundary layer, assumed stress can provide describing substantially accurately for fluid behavior, and assumed stress, speed and density are the variablees of difference in fact, etc.

First, there are the two kinds of different conditions causing fluid to flow.One is introduced in fluid system when dislocation volume, thus cause running through system until system realizes the momentum distribution of state of equilibrium again from introducing volume.The second is introduced in fluid system when energy, thus influential system extensively distributes, to produce flowing by the unbalance ratio in distribution and this flowing continues until again arrive state of equilibrium.Different parameters must be had with regard to itself character with flowing (being a type or another type substantially) interactional solid body.Any given flowing can comprise the key element (plane such as flown into against the wind) in all types of flowing, but the main interaction effect in given local system usually can owing to one or another kind of.These two kinds of pattern of flow are best described as wake flow and gradient current.In a first case, the power of introducing orders about flowing, and density orders about flowing in a second situation.

This makes us need to carry out second time adjustment about now thereof model.The both macro and micro character of fluid flowing is described by revising set of variables used.In this regard, the feature of Bernoulli's equation can be the statement of ratio, although and be useful for measurement, not very useful for mechanics.Macroscopic view pressure-velocity relationships is the simple and convenient description for the unidirectional clean momentum of molecular level and the ratio of omnidirectional's momentum, it is that the heat/energy characteristic passing through studied system is determined, wherein unidirectional components is bulk velocity, and omnidirectional is overall " pressure ".When this net flux striding across studied system be not caused by dislocation, then only have a kind of potential source-based on system Middle molecule kinetic energy and molecular density change static exercise.

This can be observed easily usually under n ties up the background of matrix, wherein matrix totally has n the degrees of freedom from state t to state t+1, wherein the possibility in any given path is all equal in fact and random, describedly when walking (such as Brownian movement) when each is totally constrained on shift position.The required sample rate of described matrix is mean molecule spacing, but matrix can be scaled to the average characteristics representing molecular group.If matrix bear sparse-intensive mapping (wherein matrix totally in a of region than region b in intensive), then there is the clean momentum/motion of statistics along intensive to sparse direction, such as, flow.By step constraint variable density when each so that step carrys out the heat energy input in approximate input system when being substantially similar to last, this characterizing method provides and can the precision of detectable short-term steady-flow approach in wind power system.

From this model, can find out that gradient current represents for the statistics of kinetic energy level existed in the change of system Midst density and system, instead of the product of PG " power ".Therefore, for homogeneous density in fluid flowing under subsonic speed system continuous supposition obviously and the machine-processed contradiction of flowing itself.Therefore, the local restriction of intermolecular repulsion and thermal expansion must be followed for the supposition of homogeneous density.

In addition, can find out, the macroscopic properties of speed and pressure is all functions of microscopic characteristics of molecular density, root mean square (RMS) speed peace amount of movement.In this regard, when be conducive to more accurately model can omit these macrovariables.This correction model must studiedly design for use in solid body now.Its first step defines flow mechanism.

Be similar to rest energy to calculate, the maximum potential flowing of energy or speed aspect can be calculated based on instantaneous one-way flow, and such as all molecules are from standard density field flow orientation vacuum, and it is by becoming to equal the average RMS speed of quality by Speed Setting when checking.In this way, the feature of any proportional flowing can be the percentage of the unidirectional speed of RMS.

Because speed can be represented as the function of momentum and quality, therefore the speed of given intermolecular section (intermolecular slice) can be represented as the net transfer of momentum and quality between section, and the mass transfer between section is by densification: sparse difference is determined.When steady-flow, between section, this transfer will be constant, and some is similar to cascading.

In this regard, at any given paired section n _nand n _n+1between exist clean momentum increase.At each section n ₁, n ₂, n ₃n _n, momentum increase will be additional to sparse direction, increase because each section all has clean momentum between sample t and t+1.Therefore, the velocity profile of gradient fields depend on Momentum Transfer and number of sections in the specific intensive sparse distribution of the molecule of studied field and field and.

In this way, the macroscopic properties of speed, such as, to the extensive transfer that set a distance is improved quality, can be represented more particularly through microcosmic momentum field by microfluid condition.

Be incorporated in gradient fields by solid body, this is particular importance.Concrete about nozzle, the speed increase that this means trunnion place is not the function of the conservation of mass for another example in continuous model.Instead, it is derived from the change of the density gradient field caused owing to introducing solid body and is changed the difference of the Momentum Transfer caused by these.

Characteristic in stable state midfield can make the maximum value of the speed of Momentum Transfer can simultaneously in the maximum variance ratio of density gradient, and wherein said variance ratio can be assumed that to be non-linear and can be Parabolic.

When homogeneous constraint is relaxed and overall permanence no longer relies on the conservation of mass, this means relevant with boundary layer substantially.No longer effectively can suppose boundary layer and exist between the condition in freely flowing obviously to be separated because border and free flow point from basic principle be the quality continuity freely flowed.

Usefully nozzle is treated to now the independent field in greater density field.Assuming that the nozzle in gradient current is in equilibrium condition, then the maximum contraction rate of radial inlet nozzle occurs in the front edge place of nozzle entrance.This means that the maximal density change in nozzle field can occur in the region of front edge.Density will increase pro rata relative to local contraction rate, the thermal confinement of field and thus momentum will increase with similar ratio streamwise.

For visible edge interlayer, this has multiple implication.Although some momentum collide and are lost in LE region along with incident molecule and nozzle wall, but follow-up collision can meet the general characteristic of intermolecular elastic impact.Therefore, average (such as directional diffuse reflection) statistically direction of n the molecule of LE is incided when there are some momentum parameters of loss.To reflex in stream from the momentum vector of the molecule of LE region deflection when each collision, and each molecule by continuation based on mean free path and enter molecular collision, until original incident path becomes precision be orthogonal to nozzle wall.Under this model, form boundary layer, it meets fricton-tight and visible edge interlayer condition, but this boundary layer do not comprise as in existing boundary shelf theory the momentum that supposes.

About design optimization, this means that LE vector is very important when transferring a momentum in inside entry zone.In addition, this means shrinkage and depend on LE nozzle function parameter (being drawn by laboratory data) between there is relation.

On the contrary, density increases forming position and there is restriction, makes to increase institute reaction from external field to the clean Momentum Transfer LE region by density, make along with by causing the substantially contrary direction of the flowing of mass loss also to there is possibility Momentum Transfer.Such condition result in less quality and to be entrained in nozzle and to the quality of import outside and the loss of momentum and the Momentum Transfer rate less to inner region to import.

This condition can the most easily by Germicidal efficacy in convergence nozzle.In convergence nozzle, along with shrinkage increases, notice that speed increase diminishes, thus to indicate in import and front have accumulated quality.This can be observed in the smoke visualization converging nozzle, and wherein when shrinkage becomes enough large, the point not having forming position in observable boundary layer is stagnated in flowing substantially.The length shunk also contributes to this effect.Also can see when solid body additionally being shaken under velocity of sound system.

Speed can be observed time when using convergence nozzle usually at less ratio instead of when increasing in theory to increase.Interested in this inspection for convergence section Midst density gradient.Along with LE density conditions increases, produce extra sparse region at LE rear.When exact convergence nozzle, the gradient of the external field density at trunnion place is not enough to make fluid realize enough momentum rates to remove LE density and to allow whole effective masses of inlet to enter nozzle.

In such a situa-tion, momentum field may be Parabolic thus realize maximum rate in entrance, and wherein shrinkage plays the effect balancing potential maximum delivered rate.

It should be noted that this model also for explaining the experimental differences between radial entrance and straight entrance.In radial entrance, maximum contraction rate is localised in relatively little region, and its Midst density increase is localized.On the contrary, straight or funneling entrance has constant shrinkage thus there is constant density by import to trunnion increases.

When the localized density region at LE place, the sparse rate of densification of the gradient fields that diffuser comprises for increasing nozzle.Increase diffuser length for increasing volume ratio when increasing and shrinking, gradient is controlled by this volume ratio, and thus for removing the forward direction density in LE region.Based on shrinkage and thus based on the increase of LE density rate, it is at trunnion place or near trunnion that the length of diffuser determines maximum momentum transmissibility.

If this maximum rate is not in entry zone, then the condition that the density that there is increase is eliminated and can not the restrictive condition causing the flowing contrary with flow field be reached.The speed increased at trunnion place because of but due to the gradient between LE region and outlet and flow into from the initial momentum of external field and combine and cause.In this regard, the speed that occurs from trunnion to outlet for controlling the characteristic of gradient fields and quality and Momentum Transfer of diffuser.

In an embodiment, the fundamental function of mentioned nozzle area under correction model is described.The characteristic in this model description different spray nozzles region and provide the theoretical foundation of the design for explanation region sexual function and large throughput nozzle.When illustrating above-mentioned discussion, Figure 27 describes the nozzle 2700, Figure 28 with clean cut system import and outlet and shows the nozzle 2800 with butt import and 1/r-0 interpolation curvature, and Figure 29 shows segmental arc Figure 29 00 of entrance geometrical construction.

In an embodiment, each side of variable-vane rotor is presented.Describe the rotor of blade quantity variable type, the blade quantity being present in flowing in its rotor changes with flowing velocity.In an embodiment, Figure 30 shows six leaf types and opens structure 3002, it illustrates main hub 3010 and time hub 3012 of primary blades 3004 and time blade 3008 and pressure mechanism.As theoretical known in coiled, the rotor with different leaves quantity and different profile has the performance curve of the given flow rates of precision-matched.Because ideally optimizing by the Power output of the power plant of flow driving, so by more efficient than the rotor of fixing solidity when power collected by the rotor making presented dish solidity be adapted to flow under various speed system.

3-vane rotor efficiency plot 3100 is illustrated in Figure 31.C _prepresent the usable power ratio at the overlay area place of institute that rotor can be changed.This is the direct result of rotational speed, because its rotor loading relating to tip/velocity of blade and run through generator.The power plot of this relation defines known dynamic curve.

Figure 32 shows the Weilbull distribution 3200 of annual speed.Figure 33 is obtained, for annual power: velocity distribution shows 6>3-blade C under combining _pcurve and 3-blade C _pthe comparison 3300 of curve.Along with linear speed increases, tip speed increases, and rotor is based on the air dynamic behaviour of blade and dish solidity and reach the limit of rotational value, thus the rotor making common 6-leaf type in the scope being greater than 6m/s is poor efficiency.

Although this efficiency range height depends on the loading scheme about gearbox/transmission system and electrical load, all adopt optimal design for machinery and electrical load, then for vane group, there is obvious efficiency limitations, among others based on its rotational speed.Strengthen loading scheme, as Figure 34 paint 3400, it rotary air aerodynamic efficiency scope will be moved and can not the negative effect power efficiency of catching, and the program is preferred in the present invention.That is, in 1m/s to 6m/s scope, more KE available in original flowing caught by 6-leaf type rotor.Given a kind of situation, wherein on certain hour segment base plinth, most of given flowing is in lower scope, then the advantage with variable trays solidity is apparent.

Variable solidity rotor can have coaxial mounted multiple prime number rotor set (such as 1,2,3,5 etc.), comprise allow secondary, three grades ... n level rotor set is inserted into the equipment in last group.Such as, for the 3 blade main rotors with three groups, the starting stage can be 12 vane rotors, and it is closed into 6 vane rotors and becomes main group of 3 blades afterwards.

The equipment of closed described main rotor group can comprise dynamic pressure method for driving and/or actuator/mechanical means.Rotor set can have very similar characteristic or have otherness blade structure, quality and air dynamic behaviour in aerodynamics and quality.

In an embodiment, rotor set can be installed in a series of two-positions slip ring, and wherein when the dynamic force on given group is exceeded, ring is released and dynamic force on blade is moved on to the operating position on next group blade.Mechanism is inserted on outer cover, and the dynamic force closed in vane group with box lunch indicates vane group when speed declines and is released to open position.

In such an embodiment, rotor is formed by three groups, wherein main group be structure strengthen scan-reverse thin airfoil type blade, and secondary group and three grades of groups be thin to scan-reverse aerofoil profile.The lower surface of three grades of groups is mated in the bent arc geometrical construction of secondary group, and similar coupling geometrical construction is used to main group and secondary group.Geometrical construction makes the pitching blade between each state not be changed.Each group is all optimized to for larger velocity curve, the usable range of each blade state is expanded to maximal efficiency.

In an embodiment, primary blades group comprises the structural element of Mass Control distribution on rotor when allowing each interim application.Figure 35-38 shows some aspect of aforementioned blade structure, wherein Figure 35 shows 12 blades 3500 of open position, its medium velocity is similar to and is in the scope of 1-3m/s, Figure 36 shows 6 blades 3600 of open position, its medium velocity is similar to and is in the scope of 3-6m/s, Figure 37 shows 3 blades 3700 of operating position, its medium velocity is approximate is 6+m/s, and Figure 38 shows the example of open and close profile 3210, wherein open profile and show primary blades 3802, secondary blades 3204 and three grade blades 3208.

In an embodiment, inertia rotors can provide advantage by the rotational stabilization increased under dynamically changeable condition, and the outside centripetal force wherein rotated is used to by means of radius variable mass distribution system the inertia strengthening rotating main body.The centripetal motion based on the outer radius towards rotating main body can be allowed to carry out mobile material.This can by under centripetal force, it balances controlled any materials and is implemented.Described material can also be controlled by means of actuator.

In an embodiment, inertia rotors can be made up of single or multiple rigidity or semi-rigid bodies, and described main body symmetrically or asymmetrically links around rotation barycenter in continuous or discontinuous mode, wherein there is mass distribution in control one/multiple plane of rotation and thus with to the required equipment that should control the inertia characteristics of described rotation in a beneficial way.

In an embodiment, the present invention can construct rotatable body 302, and as shown in figure 39, it has center mass storage 3904, for controlling equipment 3908 and the outer quality memory 3904 of described quality.Described storage can be single or multiple storage.Initial conditions is that quality is centered at spin axis, and wherein starting to rotate needs little additional energy.When the rotation of main body is accelerated, quality can by quality control mechanism 3908 toward the outside radius 3910 and 3912 move, this mechanism can include but not limited to centripetal accelerator or machinery or other actuators.The additional mass that the exterior section of main body rotates provides more stable rotation when having larger relative inertness.

In an embodiment, the control that can realize for quality in rotor radius by means of variable-quality flexible structure, wherein said structure example counterweight/spring as known in the art or Memorability plastics/foam or other suitable materials, the flexible structure that wherein outer member of structure has a quality larger than inner member is accommodated in encapsulation cavity, and this cavity extends axially through single or multiple solid body.When rotating and centripetal force increases, the maximum required outer radius that weight will make flexible structure extend to rotating main body.As below in detail as described in, these structures can be included in mass distribution control and field generate in the magnetic property applied.

In an embodiment, continuous material is received in the single or multiple cores of rotor assembly, and wherein passage extends axially through the single or multiple main bodys being attached to described center hub.Material can be the arbitrary substance meeting given viscosity, wherein said material by only make under rotational case quality toward the outside radius move by passage and maintain the adjacency by radial passage and center hub simultaneously, when reducing with convenient centripetal force, external mass is withdrawn in center hub by the viscosity (stickiness) of material.As described below, described material can also be included in the magnetic property that mass distribution controls and applies in the generation of field.

In an embodiment, fluid can be allowed to cycle through single or multiple axial passage.Described fluid can be standard density fluid or can be the fluid (such as magneto-rheological fluid) with particular characteristics, and wherein the electromagnetic property of fluid can be used to control the mass distribution under rotational case in solid body.In such rotating main body, magnetic fluid or other magnetic " enhancing " material or structure (as mentioned above those) can to control it by the distribution of main body and can also be used for producing useful electromagnetic field when material or structure arrive its maximum radial position simultaneously by means of electromagnetic field.Implement the present invention like this can realize with the fixation method of field generation or combine with main body that is single or multiple or counterrotating and realize.In addition, mechanical actuator can be considered for the mass distribution controlling material or structure in granularity.

Figure 28-31 shows the embodiment relevant to each side of inertia rotors described herein, wherein Figure 40 shows the initial position 4000 of heavy structure, Figure 41 shows the heavy structure 4100 of follow-up location, Figure 42 shows 3 blade structures 4200 in motion, and Figure 43 shows 3 blade structures 4300 with quality control passage 4302 and center mass storage 4304.

Advantageously reduce cost and the weight of the structural support accelerating array.Also advantageously by method or particular organization minimizing assembly cost wherein.Replacement cost also advantageously by using modular member to reduce the parts having working life.Have only integrated with array portion also advantageously and only play the supporting structure of the structural support function of one or more nozzle.Describe the multiple method for this reason proposed, comprise " form-separating (fractal) " space frame, installation and method for maintaining, support or the method hanging array etc.

In an embodiment, the present invention can provide the structure utilizing form-separating to construct.With reference to Figure 44, describe form-separating space frame, wherein the geometrical construction structure of space frame is repeated to n iteration in the component of space frame.In an embodiment, the iteration of minimal level or n-th iteration can be called as basic component, and the polyhedron forming the basis of n-th iteration component can be called as basic polyhedron.Figure 44 shows basic octahedral plan view and side view.

Form-separating space frame is three-dimensional fractal.Form-separating space frame can service regeulations, Reuleaux, Kepler-Poinsot and similar polyhedral structure, or comprise the moulding (such as holohedral symmetry polyhedron or its combination) of multiple polygonal type, and other similar materials that maybe can be molded or manufacture by composite material, metal are made.Form-separating space frame can comprise all kinds of constructive elements, and it is in tension force or pressure or its combination.They can comprise homogeneous or regular texture, and such as in geodesic curve space frame, basic component can be made up of the truss of triangle or some other polygonal variants, and they can also comprise heterogeneity or irregular structure, such as tension integral structure.The structural variant that can be used in basic component includes but not limited to such as tie up array structure, tension integral structure, diagonal rib frame construction, all types of truss structure etc.

With reference to Figure 45, in order to be formed and stabilizing member structure, some summit can be shared, and additional member can be attached to and just connects some summit (side view below).By and large, polyhedron type can mate the feature of the element supported by space frame.

Be affixed to polyhedron and can be additional to summit place thus the summit place forming largest circumference or be additional in largest circumference under rotational case to the component constructing slender member moulding, it is such as according to required load-carrying characteristic, polyhedral orientation of studying etc.

" form-separating " space frame can be manufactured by multiple method, comprise molded, lamination, silk thread are Wrapping formed, welding, assembling etc.When silk thread is Wrapping formed, space frame polyhedron skeleton can be formed in basic component.Similar and different manufacture or assembling method can be used to the various iteration combinations of space frame.

With reference to Figure 46, accompanying drawing shows the side view of three octahedra space frames of iteration, and wherein space frame member can comprise the edge of polyhedron series, wherein at summit place Existential Space framework connecting piece.In this case, additional member can be affixed to largest circumference place.

The advantage of " form-separating " space frame can comprise have low solidity for structuring and delivered payload capability, thus decreases cost and the weight of considered structure.

In an embodiment, the global structure of space frame can be fractal based on local condition extraly.In this case, initial fractal iteration can in vertical or horizontal dimensions, and based on vertical or flat bed quantity and be suitable for local load-carrying demand, and further iteration also defines the component component at the edge of required iteration level place series polyhedron skeleton.

Advantageously there is a kind of method, can by modularly constructing and maintenance by the method array.There is described herein a kind of structure, it can comprise the erection unit, erection method, the method for placement array component, the method removing array component etc. for supporting and produce array component that can contain platform.

With reference to Figure 47, accompanying drawing shows the embodiment accelerating array, wherein construct array and by means of at least one mountion plate, at least one erection crane, at least one outside or inside method promoting it etc., each parts be installed, comprising space frame 4702, lifting tower 4704, hoist 4708, mountion plate 4710, load-bearing member and platform 4712 and ground 4714.Figure 48 shows the embodiment of drive pulley constructive elements, and Figure 48 A is its plan view and Figure 48 B is its side view.

Load-bearing member (bearing) can be additionally modular.Load-bearing member can have overall n the modular component forming load-bearing member, and wherein each element all has outside or inside sliding element and can be removed independent of other elements and change when losing efficacy or keep in repair.When load-bearing member is seal carrier, modularization can need alignment and locking device to change modular component.When load-bearing member is not sealed, must have partial load can by its mechanism from modular component release to contribute to removing.In load-bearing member, the quantity of module can by minimizing installation and assembling complexity and cost and allow the technological scheme removing individual module and provisional reallocation load in residue module in replacement operation to determine simultaneously.

Disclose the various operating method realizing above-described embodiment, wherein erection unit and relevant device can utilize more than one driving element to be integrated in the elevator mechanism in space frame, more than one driving mechanism to be integrated into elevator mechanism in row at array corner place, to have and be dispersed throughout array by elevator mechanism of integrated multiple driving elements etc.

Construct the alternative of nozzle array with describing modularization or non-modularization.Advantageously minimize and accelerate space frame and the quality both jet element and material therefor or weight in array.Examine and produce array and the method for installing nozzle (suspension, suspension etc. or composite structure) in single space frame.

With reference to Figure 49, a kind of embodiment can be single " masts type " framework, and it has principal space framework 4902, messenger wire or suspention cable 4904, structural suspension rod 4908 etc., wherein flexible nozzle material such as latex, coating fabric and other similar flexible materials.Non-flexible material (such as thin-walled is molded copolymer) can be fixed to trunnion and can limit the outlet of truncated polygonal and/or the polygon vertex of entry port and/or framework in outlet and at least one place that enters the mouth.In an embodiment, they by in-site installation or can be manufactured separately so that modularization is installed.Masts type framework can be made up of the frame-like construction of the component easily obtained (such as HSS or I-beam) or any kind (such as staggered framework, tie up row, diagonal rib framework etc.), or can be made up of above-mentioned form-separating element.Structure can be single and homogeneous in the degree of depth and width, or can right and wrong homogeneous, such as I or H cross section or more complex polygon cross section, comprise various types of beam cross section, and it can be designed to maximization level and vertical load impedance and minimum material uses.Masts type and derrick type structure can also utilize combination tension structure to support for transverse direction and masts type.Tension structure can be simple or can have complicated rigging in vertical or horizontal dimensions as in tension frame.

The example of this complicated rigging can be as described below: tension ropes can be disbursed from the cost and expenses by two peripheries and be supportted and be assembled into diagonal rib Framework Model and lock together at tubercle afterwards.Tubercle can form the attachment point of top-hamper, when nozzle mast insert or non local be in certain preferred support angle relative to tubercle (it comes from the nozzle mast be placed vertically or flatly further) time this top-hamper can local on a same row attached or near.Complicated tension force rigging like this can allow structural optimization payload structure, so as to put on this structure level and vertical force is distributed in more or " concentrating " or " departing from " in the location being designed to absorb combination load density of structure.

It is also desirable that, integrated array is become non-integration or partly integrated array and superstructure with the STRUCTURE DECOMPOSITION of superstructure, wherein superstructure can be fixed on outer periphery at array external, and array can by rotating inner part support structure, and described rotating inner part structure is attached to external structure by the equipment of load-bearing member or similar load-bearing member.Figure 50 shows the embodiment of a part for array 5004 and external structure 5002.Advantageously further STRUCTURE DECOMPOSITION is become fixing inside and outside apportion element, single-nozzle or nozzle row array or row-column nozzle array are fixed in outer array or inner array similarly by means of the equipment of load-bearing member or similar load-bearing member thereon.These load bearing equipments can comprise yaw system and assist the common array segment installed to carry out orientation relative to local flow direction.

Outside superstructure can have many advantages in following, namely reduce and in vertical plane, to enter flow vector change the torque that the superstructure that causes experiences, increase Security, each carriage mechanism exists less load, increase possibility of load isolation etc.Outside superstructure can also be come to maximize the local of superstructure and overall load-carrying characteristic for level and vertical load by producing larger diameter relative to the wind load larger beam depth of generation and relative load-carrying.

As described in Figure 51 A-E, outside superstructure can be circular as in space frame " pipe ", comprises rectangle, polygonal or circular cross section, or can be more complicated on its circumferential cross-sectional.Outside superstructure can comprise individual layer or comprise multilayer outside or on inner periphery on structural periphery.Cross section can be n angle starred polygon or arbitrary n limit rule or irregular polygon structure and it has variable or homogeneous complexity thus provides local and overall load-carrying advantage for structure.Structure itself can be single or multiple rule or irregular polyhedrons, and wherein constraint is that polyhedral inside is homogeneous or rough cylindrical body.This analog that can comprise the rule of all kinds, irregular, anti-prism or prism polyhedron and there is the above-mentioned type cross section.Figure 52 and Figure 53 figure has released the embodiment that basic polygonal member 5202 is shown, this component is configured to have the component in polyhedron 5206 installed with load-bearing member 5204.The basic component connecting the framework on polyhedron summit can be placed with and maximize lifting capacity and the weight and the density that minimize superstructure.Component can be the combination of compression element or tension member.This can comprise geodesic curve modification, tension integral structure modification etc.Except for optimizing except load-carrying, superstructure can also be configured to provide minimal flow impedance to inside configuration.This can comprise component or project organization described in shaping or coating so that the width of component and profile are minimized.Such parametrization provides advantage in local array output and the structural overall wind load of minimizing.

As other iteration of the present invention in the modularization assembling of superstructure and array, when external structure, the characteristic of structure can be designed to allow easily to take out individual module or multiple module from the array structure.As in other iteration, this can by by insert and the installation that forms of removing mechanism, elevator mechanism etc. and maintenance of equipment realize.

Outside superstructure can also be homogeneous or non-homogeneous relative to the size in its vertical plane in its geometrical construction characteristic.In addition, local polyhedron can be optimized for the specific load-carrying characteristic of given level.Such as, ten jiaos of polyhedrons can be best at the At The Height of structure, and 12 jiaos of polyhedrons can be best at the At The Height of structure.Component can be constrained to the multiple levels striding across single polyhedron section or stride across polyhedron section.

Module array in outside superstructure can be installed in superstructure with the form of single file array or multirow array.Row array can be attached to superstructure by means of load-bearing member, roller or rail system or by means of machinery causes rotation or fluid to cause other means of rotation.Row array can by means of rotating machinery be attached to internal structure or external structure or the two.Rotating machinery can be that roller drives and yaw system, track drives and yaw system, spiral arm carrying and yaw system, roller carrying and yaw system, magnetic carrying and yaw system, Teflon slide, and carrying and yaw system and analog or its are combined.Row array can by means of depth direction or level or single or multiple truss in angle direction or its combinations of directions or space frame or by means of depth direction or level or tension ropes in angle direction or its combinations of directions and analog or tensioning and compression element combination mode and be attached to rotating machinery.Row array can be installed in supporting member, on supporting member, below supporting member or above supporting member.These components can in the plane identical with row array or row array plane be outside is attached to rotating machinery to provide extra lifting capacity along direction up or down.

Outside superstructure can construct by means of the various materials described in the above-mentioned iteration of the present invention and manufactures or be made.Except comprising the space frame member of the component being in tensioning and compressive state, peripheral frame can comprise tensioning and compressing member.This can comprise the bracing wire of the column-shaped mechanism attaches of periphery to balanced controls (such as pile foundation).

In an embodiment, the present invention can provide buoyancy device, wherein module can comprise the nozzle formed by flexibility or rigidity material, wherein by interior pressure method and minimum shape skeleton or structural rigidity can be provided by means of material itself or its combination, and wherein can realize the method for interior pressure being provided thus to nozzle " inflation ", nozzle being formed by holding the single or multiple main bodys that can be used in realizing one or more fluid volumes of floating condition by heat energy or pump pressure.Suspension nozzle can be included in this and all nozzle kinds of the present invention above described in iteration, wherein the interior surface of nozzle is in suspended surface, and boundary polygon or analogous shape that is circular or that obtain nozzle geometrical construction by it define another surface, and the volume comprised within it provides buoyancy.Boundary geometrical structure can be extended into be greater than 0 curvature thus provide larger buoyancy for comparatively small nozzle, wherein do not comprise enough volumes in above-mentioned original geometry structure.

The method of inflation or pump pressure can make to provide buoyancy so that all or part of dead load of module is neutralized by buoyancy degree to nozzle.Buoyancy medium can be air or the fluid density that reduced in closed geometry structure by heat input thus provide other fluids of buoyancy, or it can be the fluid (such as hydrogen or helium) with natural less density, or the combination of two kinds of methods.Nozzle can be formed by keeping any materials of density balance between inside and outside fluid, the treated braided material of such as all kinds, the flexible rubber and polyurethane etc. of all kinds, the rigid material of all kinds as polymer or copolymer or synthetic foam or plastic foam, etc.Nozzle body can comprise the heating power control mechanism that the density of nozzle interior can be maintained the single or multiple unidirectional of given level or two way valve mechanism and realize result like this.Nozzle body can comprise various hot input method, such as resistance component and the similar approach by producing heat as electric charge or chemical reaction, or this nozzle body can comprise the gas be included in pressurized container, wherein lighter-than-air gas be used to realize suspend and when closed volume density exceedes given level gas be released.

The weight of any given parts particularly generator is advantageously reduced when suspending module.The power generation part of module can utilize generator to carry out the ratio of minimum weight and power, such as superconducting generator etc.Similarly, the structural member (such as barrier film) of nozzle and maintain shape and the constructive elements supporting inner member can be made up of lightweight material, such as carbon fiber or aramide-fibre etc.Structural material can also be the rigidity of any kind or flexible impregnated foam, wherein uses the structural member to module to provide the gas of direct buoyancy to carry out impregnated foam.These can comprise the structural member be made up of synthetic foam, wherein microsphere or arbitrarily inner space flooded by hydrogen or helium or various stabilizer and polymer or copolymer can be comprised, wherein in foaming process or after foaming process completes by lighter-than-air gas direct impregnation foam.

Suspending module can individually or be attached to tether with array way and thus be attached to anchor mechanism, or can be attached to superstructure.Suspension nozzle array can by means of metal or compound mooring rope or it combines and analog is attached to each other and tie mechanisms, wherein optimizes the ratio of intensity and cost.Metal or compound tether can be used similarly thus suspending module array be attached to described above or the superstructure described in other iteration of the present invention.Hawser can comprise embedding or independent power transmission extraly.Suspension array can also comprise the device of adjustment array height above sea level and orientation to seek best power source formation condition.

With reference to Figure 54, another embodiment can be a kind of nozzle, and wherein the shape of nozzle provides release areas or the passage of mistake density (over-density) condition that produce in nozzle for meeting.Release can take the form of single or multiple eddy current or vortexing mechanism, spherical characteristics, borehole drill construction and analog or its combination.Spherical characteristics can comprise the homogeneous of both macro and micro or non-homogeneous feature, such as: the annular around rotor is inverted semi-ring or multiple ring, and wherein the degree of depth of ring gently or sharp can be formed from the region at trunnion front and rear; The annular semi-ring increased the weight of, wherein the region of maximum depth is at the front of Ring current distribution diameter or rear; Or continuous or discontinuous annular semi-ring, or analog.Figure 55 shows the example of nozzle cross sectional facial contour 5501-5505.Drilled feature can comprise streamwise, with the homogeneous or non-homogeneous boring of angled or spiral structure, the borehole drill construction encapsulated densely or sparsely, homogeneous or the non-homogeneous placement along the direction orthogonal with flowing, be placed in the mechanism in nozzle front and/or rear quadrate part section, circular to arrange or polygonal arranges or arranges at random, etc. or its combination.Figure 56 shows the example of boring pattern 5601-5606.When non-homogeneous boring, the rear portion of boring can be expanded as in diffuser thus auxiliary remove the ingress of boring or around mistake density conditions.This can when there is annular " release " ring in the import of nozzle and exit region, or can when there is not annular ring for from import to outlet, or its combination, this all depends on topographical features (as discontinuous annular feature).As in the foregoing embodiment, these features can be applied to homogeneous or non-homogeneous scallop type nozzle wall pattern.Another embodiment uses homogeneous or non-homogeneous three-dimensional chessboard lattice that is flexible or non-flexible material formation surperficial to strengthen flowing or the structural characteristics of nozzle.

It is also desirable that the most cheap material and/or making or manufacture method can be considered for space frame or the nozzle of Optimizing manufacture.

Another embodiment can be, said nozzle be installed in superstructure n × m array (wherein n is greater than 2) of becoming adjacent or as the present invention above iteration be installed in suspension array.In addition, this can comprise other types nozzle or accelerator, the homogeneous and non-homogeneous nozzle of such as wide angle.This can comprise all kinds of nozzle, is known as diffuser expansion turbo machine or super Venturi tube or embedded nozzle etc.These bleed types can be coupled in superstructure with aforementioned substantially identical mode, such as, to be installed on periphery or intermediate support component or in the tensioning member of such as cotton rope or its combination etc.In addition, when diffuser expansion turbo machine and the non-homogeneous nozzle of other types, can need in entrance front or there is additional components or shape around to reduce on diffuser and effective wind pressure thus on minimizing array.It is desirable to the mechanism that there is the cost reducing wind stress factor or superstructure or anchor mechanism like this under suspension iteration may make the infeasible situation of technology.

Another embodiment can be a kind of array, and wherein said nozzle square blocks or nozzle above described in iteration can be formed rhombus array or diagonal rib framework by rotation 45 degree, and the angle wherein forming rhombus can be homogeneous or non-homogeneous.Rhombus array can have the nozzle that advantage that the line cutting structure similar with geodesic curve space frame support allows square Trimmed sums to increase simultaneously and encapsulate.

In an embodiment, rotor profile can be optimised so that acceleration nozzle trunnion condition.It is desirable that accelerating to utilize in array the nozzle be optimized to for High Rotation Speed or high torque (HT) conversion.Wind turbine rotor can operate under instantaneous dual flow conditions.A kind of flowing can be drive becoming a mandarin of rotor, and another flowing can be the cross flow (during as described its revolving process) flowing through blade.

The rotor used in wind turbine can be based on the aerofoil profiles used in subsonic flight device.Aircraft profile can run into the flowing from multiple vector at wing and momentary operation environment operates in the environment of uniflow type.This can be useful for normal HAWT type machine, and become a mandarin because instantaneous the various vector that may come from because turbulent flow reason causes or become a mandarin and constantly change direction and machine is directed to it.

On the contrary, the rotor in the trunnion of acceleration nozzle can operate but enter flow vector and can be stablized along single path under dual flow conditions.About rotor profile, this can mean that dissimilar profile is all possible, and it will reduce aerodynamic loss and the speed increased when rotor effectively can operate and produce power.This circumferential speed in vane tip is close or particularly like this when entering in low velocity of sound system.

To reduce cross flow and the interactional profile become a mandarin on the upside of blade be necessary to allow to minimize running up when disturbing of flowing having.Major part research is limited to the wind-tunnel flowing in the aerofoil profile being designed to the flow characteristic optimizing various angle of attack place.Assuming that typical aerofoil profiles pitching become to maximize come from become a mandarin import momentum into and be in certain angle of attack place relative to the fluid axially run into, then the boundary layer on the upper surface of profile can be thickened or is split usually.This can become a mandarin and produce substantive the interference between cross flow, make some momentum may deviate from the interaction of blade or when higher RPM reverse to become a mandarin in a part be reflected back, thus reduce it for particular vane and be converted to the efficiency of axial velocity and the overall permanence become a mandarin relative to rotor overall interference by entering amount of flow.

Assuming that exist at the trunnion place of nozzle single enter flow vector, then the profile used in such a case can no longer need as existing all kinds of profile optimised for the various angle of attack.The parameter can optimizing described profile in such a case may be used for reducing the mass flow disturbance on blade upper part, attached top interlayer and boundary layer better, the low portion of blade produces eddy circulating thus resistance, minimize the low portion of blade and the interaction of flowing or handle this interaction etc., or its combination.Therefore, design outline that favourable can be makes interactional the becoming a mandarin with blade be maximized and to become a mandarin and the axis of cross flow interacts and is minimized to handle local flow characteristic, thus the effect on the rotor that also can minimum overall act on each blade path.This can cause rotor profile to be different from very much existing aerofoil profile, this is because they running residing for flox condition (singly enter flow vector and become a mandarin and cross flow environment these two in) be very different.

The blade being optimized for this environment can comprise the one or both in the upper surface and lower surface eddy current or density operating mechanism being in one or both in both macro and micro rank.Blade can be main body or plate profile, and can comprise variable secondary surface geometry structure thus the disturbance reduced in flowing.These mechanisms can be adjusted to optimize the Local Property under specific axial velocity or flox condition changeably along the main body of blade.

Such as, " wide " eddy current (vortex) generating mechanism can be used to reduce on blade bottom side and resist towards the flowing of root of blade, can be wherein the most sharp-pointed and the axial velocity of blade can be less than or close to inflow velocity in the angle reversing embodiment Leaf, thus cause minimizing the axial disturbance that blade upper part reacts on and becomes a mandarin or flow separation itself can be used as bounds control mechanism to become a mandarin.The axially blade movement that increases of speed, blade angle can change so that and there is less acute angle between flowing, nearly 0 degree of the corner connection of existence near most advanced and sophisticated, is in its maximum value in this place's axial velocity.Along with axial velocity increases, the angle formed with axial flow of fluid reduces can be conducive to changing from single " wide " eddy current generating mechanism to dual " narrow " eddy current generating mechanism.These microcosmic and other eddy current generating mechanism of macro-level can be combined, wherein profile geometrical construction for two or more arbitrary boundary conditions by interpolation.Boundary conditions can represent the physical limit value of blade or the section of defining arbitrarily of blade.These mechanisms can use either individually or in combination, wherein can comprise " little " rank generating mechanism for generation of " greatly " rank eddy current generating feature of overall ideal density conditions thus control the local flow characteristic that associates with compared with great institutions.Figure 57 shows the example of this blade shape 5701-5708.Figure 58 shows the example of blade shape, comprises the torsion 5801 with winglet, does not have the torsion 5802 of winglet, narrow by surperficial 5803 with torsion, with the wide surperficial fillet tip 5804 of torsion, with torsion wide surface angled most advanced and sophisticated 5805, and reverse and scan 5806.Figure 59 shows additional blades profile 5901-5917, comprise single large-scale vortex (vortex) 5904, two medium vortexs 5905, single medium vortex generator 5906, interactive vortex mechanism 5913, two compact scroll generators 5914, single large-scale vortex, two medium vortexs and two compact scroll generators 5917.

" wide " vortex generating mechanism optimized can be designed to the overall situation affected on blade and flows and can produce density regions, it is characterized in that vortex or vortex characteristics.The vortex produced at mechanism rear or whirlpool additionally in axial direction can apply the momentum of certain additional degree to blade, because this is preferred for the axial motion direction along blade by the rotation of the vortex of tying down or whirlpool." wide " mechanism can have the variable inner surface of the overall situation or topical application to obtain and/or to strengthen this effect.Blade can have iteration " wide " vortex mechanism along single or multiple surface.One or more " wide " mechanism can also be enhanced by the quality throughput to central volume of mechanisms influence by placing vortex mechanism along relevant surfaces thus strengthen.

The equipment of the interaction on the upper surface reducing blade and the resistance on lower surface can comprise vortex generator, homogeneous or non-homogeneous three-dimensional surface checkerboard type decorative pattern, homogeneous or non-homogeneous flow direction vortex edge or edge checkerboard type decorative pattern etc., or its combination.

Along blade particular pitch angle, scan and windup-degree, tip vortices control etc. or its combination can also be used in conjunction with the said equipment in case optimize rotor running.

It is also desirable that cheap material and/or making or manufacture method can be considered for producing optimizing surface described herein and profile.

In an embodiment, the present invention can provide rotor/load optimized.The method controlling rotor and generator for two-speed can reduce rotor velocity and thus reduce the aerodynamic loss in fluid energy conversion.

In conventional H AWT type wind-force machine, it is desirable to increase generator relative to blade rpm(rpm) rpm in case maximized power generate.This is usually by using transmission system to realize.

In acceleration array, sometimes it is desirable to reduce the rotor velocity that thus rotor velocity caused because speed increases also reduces trunnion place.Have been found that under impedance load used generates optimised condition for power, can close to the less Sonic condition at larger inflow velocity scope place at the circumferential speed of acceleration nozzle rotor.This can propose the limiting factor for the function accelerating array.

By utilizing the electric and mechanical load of power electronic device and/or transmission device form, for reducing aerodynamic loss when drawing energy from flowing and optimizing these two aspects of generator amature speed in order to power-converting, rotor velocity can be stabilized in preferable range.

In an embodiment, Continuously Variable Transmission system can be used to increase epitrochanterian mechanical load the angular velocity of rotor is slowed to circumferential speed being reduced to scope under low velocity of sound system.At lower system place, the mechanical load applied can be reduced or reduces to zero thus maintain the rotor and generator rpm optimized.

In another embodiment, the load applied can be electric.

In another embodiment, the load applied can be optimised combination or electricity with the load of machinery.

In addition, it is desirable to the algorithm by using the connection that minimizes in network morphology or the impedance by connection type, or by the algorithm of the inherent machine conditions in local that uses maximized power to generate, come optimizing power transmission and/or dynamic Control network.These algorithms can comprise combination technique, dynamic programming technique, differentiation method etc.

In an embodiment, the present invention can provide the optimization to cost/output, wherein can produce the minimum COE in technical parameter area for the overall situation of cost volume parameter and certain optimisation method.

The optimization cost of global level and the method for Relationship with Yield can comprise each parts being assigned to by variable and accelerating in array, this is the cost based on parts and subassembly and/or basic material, the output of parts or loss contribution, the structural parameter of parts when parts are relevant to load-carrying, to parts for locally relevant with the interesting qualitative of overall load parameter modular construction parameter, manufacture the cost comprising the parts of subassembly, the assembly cost of parts, the installation cost of parts, the maintenance cost of parts, for the parts contribution of keeping in repair on miscellaneous part, and service life of a machine cost etc.If the initial level of certain optimisation expects, then this analysis also can be applied to each parts and subassembly thereof and basic material and manufacture method.

These analyses can also comprise the parameter of efficiency compared to cost of Floor layer Technology, such as acceleration nozzle geometrical construction.

Afterwards, often organize parts variablees can based on the technology can applied in given component area or method its potential population of parameter of computing.In an embodiment, optimization solution when providing the disaggregation of minimum COE value can be counted as given current available input variable group for following formula,

COE=annual total cost/annual output.

Such as, can be fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) for accelerating the minimum cost material of the supporting and space framework of array, but when the size of the necessary constructive elements of given local load-carrying characteristic, the amount of material used significantly can contribute to the load parameter at each follow-up vertical level place of array, is necessary to use the comparatively macrostructure component that can carry compared with heavy load.This makes again may to use more materials, thus machine static load and the live load of local and the overall situation is added, and increase load-bearing member, the cost of installation, maintenance, the calibration cost of replacing etc., this is the stress due to the increase caused based on increasing load parameter.

Although FRP based on every unit basis may be have most cost-efficient, but more to have cost-efficient can be use the costly material causing the overall situation of array and local structural characteristics less increase, such as carbon fiber composite.On the contrary, if find that the manufacture cost of FRP parts can significantly lower than the manufacture cost of carbon composite component, then in every unit basis and mass-type foundation, FRP can be all certain less cost, and FRP will be shown to be preferably.If but this is the situation for initial cost, then can find the load of the increase needing replacing carrying and yaw motor to cause based on accelerated basis, although it is not preferred by being again seen as to find initially have most cost-efficient FRP can cause significantly contributing to service life of a machine cost.

As another example, the output rate of wind-force machine can be set at certain and draw the upper limit, and this can be defined for again rating value kinetic energy being converted to electric energy generator used.This rating value can be based on usual maximum inflow velocity between 12 to 13m/s.By and large, the velocity distribution within the scope of this can be less, such as, lower than 5%.In this case, if only obtain 5% of annual Power output in the scope between maximum rating and 90% of maximum rating, and the power rating value of extra 10% contributes to weight cost and the rating value exceeding annual power 5% stems from this scope, then use the generator of lower rating value and sacrifice extra power and can be seen as preferably.This can also comprise and cautiously to allow at higher nominal Value Operations special time percentage, if find that the high yield that such operation does not realize relative to this operation significantly contributes to increasing life-span replacement cost to generator determination rating value at reduced levels.

What the additive factor when the Cost optimization/output combination of computing module system can comprise the technology in considering that calculates may improve ratio.What also consider can be the long-term effect of material and parts supply usability and its outstanding effect on cost.

It is desirable to optimize energy of the present invention generation machine based on to optimizing while output and cost.Because may be complicated having the interdependency between the parts of output and cost parameter and the parts strictly driven by cost, therefore the least cost of simple independent analysis and the scheme of maximum production can not produce the balance of optimization between cost and output relative to the ultimate cost of the every unit power produced.More importantly and thus in addition, for some application, it is that optimization method can comprise the additional complexity except the interdependency of cost and output that output or energy density can be determined to be.

Optimize the design that object can show the design of the given machine of privileged site or application or the machine of all categories of application or positional parameter group better.Due to interdependency level, recurrence or partial recursive optimization can produce optimum.Additive method may be used for realizing optimum results, comprises determinacy and Uncertainty Method, genetic method, decomposition method, approximation method, method, differentiation method, matrix method, blur method, random device, empirical method, statistical method etc. based on gradient or its combination.

In the following methods, recurrence determinant matrix representation is used, but Optimal Parameters can be applied to the method for wider scope.

Like this, the displacement of possibility design proposal can be applied, wherein can optimize in matrix in n dimension and identifying this displacement, wherein can be determined the dimension of matrix by the quantity of the Optimal Parameters in consideration.Desired result can be, each matrix value all can represent the weighted cost of every unit power that given design mode of execution produces, and described mode of execution obtains other parameters of all costs, output and influential system.

Such as, optimize i-th of matrix, a j design can obtain all cost parameters of embodiment, the output of embodiment and weight ratio, it is about for given machine application each parameter value based on its significance.This can be because may there is multiple application, wherein energy density or some other parameters be counted as go up in whole or in part more important in the cost of energy of system.This structure can be the optimum adaptation modification in various application.

It is desirable to that there is n and optimize submatrix, wherein each matrix can be assigned to based on its subordinative ranks level, wherein dependency contributes to i-th in main optimization array, a j unit, wherein given matrix value can be specified and be optimized matrix from n-th, the subset of the Optimal Parameters that this optimization matrix analysis is involved.Submatrix can be provided variable in inside, or internally and externally can be provided to the variable from other matrixes.Example can be the input results that modular power optimizes matrix, and it can be provided power generation part variable and only be provided global height, width and the depth characteristic that significantly can contribute to the decision structure optimized in outside in inside.Such matrix can also contribute to other principal matrix variablees, such as cost or weight or LRC.The basis optimizing matrix can be component costs or overall cost model, and it allows to carry out modeling to the various parameters of the given design cost of impact.Such matrix can comprise basis and derive from cost and contribute to calculating any formula and the equation of basis and derivation cost.Optimized project can be drawn by the convergence of submatrix, and wherein matrix constructs for all impact property variablees or by maximum-minimum analysis overall n being tieed up to matrix.Such matrix or base case also can initially for identifying the desirable design parameters or condition that can realize better design optimization.This process can be recurrence.Granularity formula recurrence (Granular recursion) can be used, wherein boundary conditions may be used for the region identifying the optimization matrix mating the condition and range limited, and wherein compare original matrix resolution can use the useful variable of high-resolution and described variable go for identify optimize accurate parameters, if these parameters fall between the step-length of original matrix.Random-walk(random walk) matrix also can be used, wherein once parameter is by accurate characterization, then matrix can be made up of thus test original base situation parameter whether be constrained in potential unoptimizable structure by optimizing change at random, and this is the reason of the basis hypothesis owing to can not obtain all optimization relations.

Each parts of array can contribute to the overall cost of machine in many ways.First can be the basic cost of parts.Secondly can be the derivation cost of parts, it can have the impact of the miscellaneous part cost on machine.Flow chart shown in Figure 60 particularly illustrates the base set of variable and corresponding interdependency, described interdependency can be applied to optimization matrix, comprise: global array parameter 6002, structural systems basic cost 6004, structural load 6008, power system cost 6010, nozzle wind load 6012, structural systems derives from cost 6014, structural systems weight 6018, power system weight 6020, power system derives from cost 6022, kinetic parameter 6024, load-carrying-yaw system basic cost 6028, system throughput 6030, foundation cost 6032, system cost 6034, load-carrying-yaw system 6038, load-carrying-yaw system derives from the cost 6042 of cost 6040 and every unit output.Can find out from flow chart, recurrence ring can be the concrete subtense angle optimizing machine and one after the other or the non-global characteristics one after the other optimizing machine of the overall situation or granularity formula.

About basis and derivation cost and recurrence, basic cost directly can be drawn by the distribution of " type ".Derive from cost can distribute other key elements for system indirectly by " type " and thus the impact of service life of a machine cost be determined.

Such as, basic cost can be had for the selection using concrete copolymer to manufacture nozzle and derive from cost.In nozzle situation, basic cost can be cost of material, manufacture cost and assembly cost.Derive from cost that cost can be the weight relevant with superstructure and substructure, with the cost of the relevant weight of transport and geometrical construction, with manufacture relevant geometrical construction cost, with lost efficacy and thus relevant with LRC environmental degradation cost and installation cost.In this case, relative to copolymer B, copolymer A may present minimum material and manufacture cost.But, compared with copolymer B, copolymer A may increase the weight of weight, LRC, transport and installation cost more.When the basis of copolymer A exceedes the basis of copolymer B with derivation cost and derives from cost, even if copolymer A has less basic cost, but compared with copolymer A, copolymer B is still preferred on cost basis.

Sometimes, basis and the relation derived between cost can be simple or complicated as mentioned above.In addition, can find that the cost approach optimized can change according to the property over time of machine addressing or basic cost.These additional parameters can be included in cost optimization that is that drawn by concrete addressing feature or that drawn by the given basic cost variability measured in preset time.Variable can comprise the value for usability, market stability, supply and demand change etc.In addition, basic cost can comprise supply stability as variable.These values directly can be counted as the variable in component costs or yield model or the coefficient for basic underlying variables.

Represent that an example of the cost of the every unit power directly using matrix ranks to produce can be,

I, j cost=((annual cost of ((cost of the cost+foundation type of the cost+power transmission type of the cost+carrying/yaw system type of the cost+module type of superstructure type)-(adding up to life-span operating cost)) * original capital)+(adding up to annual operating cost))/annual output of the every unit power produced

Wherein, use superstructure representatively property example,

I, j the cost=component cost+link cost+installation cost+LRC cost+cost of transportation+operation of superstructure type and the Life Cost of maintenance

Wherein,

The capable component cost of component cost=n and

N-th row component cost can be determined based on the component cost of every unit weight after the load value of n-th line, the weight of allowing the row material of slenderness ratio, all n-th line components, manufacture and cost of material variability in time.

The capable link cost of link cost=n and

N-th row link cost can be determined based on the link cost of every unit weight after the material weight of the load value of n-th line connection, the connection of all n-th line, manufacture and cost of material variability in time.

The capable cost of labor of installation cost=n and+apparatus cost

LRC cost=(component failure rate * replacement cost (comprising apparatus with artificial))+(Joint failure rate * replacement cost (comprising apparatus with artificial))

The cost of the cost+link transport of cost of transportation=component conveying

Cost (comprising with again applying various process the working life)+cost of labor of operation and maintenance cost=maintenance and repairing.

As visible in this example, the key element of superstructure cost can depend on that other " types " are distributed or overall design parameter.Such as,

The quantity (depending on overall design parameter or structural type optimization) of the load of n-th line component=(static load (depend on from the module " type " of more high row, component " type " and be connected " type " load and the power distributed load from more high row)+environmental loads (depend on global height, the degree of depth and width parameter, superstructure " type " load distribution, module " type " wind-force C_p, local wind speed load parameter, comprise variable height, local earthquake's load parameter and local ice load parameter))/n-th line component.

In addition, the optimization of superstructure cost can depend on the optimization to the component costs of superstructure before being included in higher row column matrix.The labour force of the increase that the weight that installation cost can depend on concrete component/the connect connection complexity on type, the element type of machine cost is installed in impact is relevant with machine certain height and related insurance cost.Component and the cost of connection highly can depend on that the type of the superstructure in consideration and concrete structure type compare the load characteristic of other types.Transport can depend on the conveying arrangement volume relative to component and connection type and expection position volume used.LRC can depend on expection position, component used and connection type, put on component and connection environment types of coatings and according to module or the component of superstructure type and the exposed property of connection.

Often kind relevant and independently optimize the independent matrix that may need in design alternative, and it can provide certain optimisation value to higher row column matrix set of variables.The each ranks optimizing matrix also may need recurrence to assess.

Another example representing the cost of the every unit power produced in principal matrix can be

Produced by the cost of the I, j, a per unit power = ((the cost of the basis of the upper structure type * * * installation cost coefficient coefficient of array geometry structure coefficient of LRC England * * base material transport coefficient coefficient of variability with time * * operation, and maintenance coefficient location coefficient) + (the basis of the module type * installation cost coefficient of * * * base material transport coefficient LRC England coefficient coefficient of variability with time * * operation, and maintenance coefficient location coefficient) + (bearing types on the basis of cost/yaw system * * * installation cost coefficient coefficient of array geometry structure LRC England * * location transport coefficient coefficient) + (the basis of the type of power transmission cost * * * * LRC England coefficient transport installation coefficient coefficient location coefficient) + (ground foundation types of cost * the cost coefficient of array geometry structure * location coefficient)) * of the initial capital annual costs)/(based on annual production * the yield coefficient of array geometry structure)

Wherein use the coefficient of array geometry structure exemplarily,

The coefficient of array geometry structure=(cost based on the wind load of array sizes and bleed type C_p increases or reduce+to increase based on the cost of the static load of array sizes or reduce+increase based on the local ice and snow of array sizes and the cost of earthquake load or reduce)/basic cost.

In addition, each variable used during design factor can also resolve into each independent coefficient.Determinant is optimized matrix and also can be combined use based on the matrix of coefficient.

In an embodiment, it is desirable to the output being optimized given module by the optimization acceleration of module and the integrated functionality of power generation part.In brief, module yield optimizing process can be expressed as mating of rotor air dynamic performance and nozzle air dynamic performance and generator characteristics, so that nozzle accelerates, rotor conversion and generator efficiency are maximized in the scope of operating rate scope and loading condition simultaneously.

Matrix representation (matrix representation) is selected to illustrate optimization method, but optimization expression can be used by those skilled in the art arbitrarily, as long as it allows analyze and optimize useful variable.

Can to stem from the matrix of load and speed inflow condition the test of rotor, nozzle, transmission system and generator characteristics for the output optimization of given modular design and compare.This target can be by coupling rotor design and designs of nozzles and generator designs in the most possible value range or the alternatively efficiency of optimization component group in the most leading value range in the parametrization operating conditions of load and inflow velocity, wherein by changing the output that the load that applies on rotor and generator and/or the velocity ratio between rotor and generator realize optimizing, thus optimize described output.It is desirable to optimization output is defined as year, season or other periodicity accumulated value, in contrast to the momentary value or actual wind-force data group that are drawn by Weibull, the maximum possible annual energy come in the design constraints of determining means generates.Figure 61 shows the key element 5302 affecting annual output, and it comprises base line module yield characteristics 5304, individual module Production adjustment 6108, operating condition 6110, rotor inflow velocity 6112, rotor air dynamic performance 6114, rotor/generator/load performance 6118, generator/PE/ transmission system/load performance 6120, inherent array performance 6122, highly (environment speed) 6124, load system and power transmission losses 6128, wind speed 6130 and grid loss 6132.

Group rotor design and a type can be selected for optimization group.This can be scope in same general blade profile and geometrical construction classification or the rotor selected from different profile and blade geometry structure classes or combination group.Initial rotor design team can also comprise the rotor with odd number blade or the group with the rotor with varying number blade.

This can be the basis being used as to optimize for nozzle or other specified conditions rotor geometrical construction for the parameterized target of converting characteristic.In this regard, target can be have maximum conversion efficiency relative to minimal flow disturbance.Flow disturbance preliminarily can be characterised in that the limited rpm condition that given rotor design realizes at maximum value place.Optimized variable can comprise the torque putting on blade.Rpm and torque value can be determined by the force snesor and tachometer being connected to rotor shaft.Prejudice during optimization has the conversion efficiency of increase and/or has the conversion efficiency of increase when rotor has the peak value conversion value of maximum magnitude when can be usually directed to fair speed scope, or may consider the granularity formula optimization under all inflow condition as the situation of adaptability rotor.

The aerodynamic feature of given rotor design empirically can be confirmed as the rotor conversion coefficient in double operation environment under varying duty and speed, and in nozzle situation, this can be preferably the flowing of the density-driven closely held.The power-converting feature of the rotor before transmission system, axle or generator loss can be expressed as,

the conversion coefficient of available fluid power under=the n-th kind of loading condition and m kind inflow velocity condition

usable power in=the m kind inflow velocity condition current downflow

rotor rpm under=the n-th kind of loading condition and m kind inflow velocity condition

shaft torque under=the n-th kind of loading condition and m kind inflow velocity condition

The transfer matrix example of these values is illustrated in Figure 62.

Converging of the rpm that when preferred rotor conversion can stem from maximum value in matrix, the experience of n-th kind and m kind condition lower rotor part draws and torque characteristic.

Can collect the evidence of flow disturbance extraly by means of the concrete visual observation of given operating conditions current downflow, the characteristic wherein flowed can drawn and disturbance effect in rotor plane throughput can be determined by drawing concrete distribution in time in flowing.

The scope of n the rotor geometrical construction optimized can by the next stage selected for optimizing.

Afterwards, n the scope optimizing rotor geometrical construction can use the group of m nozzle geometrical construction formation to test.As previously mentioned, the converting characteristic that rotor-nozzle is right can by being connected to rotor shaft by force snesor and tachometer and being determined.

Nozzle air dynamic characteristic can be determined empirically by using recording anemometer or concrete visual observation etc.The nozzle sets of test can have single contraction ratio or have multiple contraction ratio.This group can be tested basis extraly and be strengthened or complex geometry structure (as described in iteration as aforementioned in the present invention).Advantageously determine the geometrical construction of the initial and secondary enhancing of basic geometrical construction function thus determine basis and the optimum organization strengthening geometrical construction.

Figure 63 shows the example of the acceleration matrix of 2.75 contraction ratios of 4 kinds of geometrical constructions.

Because the power coming from nozzle depends on quality throughput or mass flow rate, so it is desirable to characterize nozzle in quality efficiency of throughput, as shown in Figure 64.

Test nozzles-rotor pair can be carried out by above-mentioned means.Thus, rotor-nozzle can stem from the nozzle efficiency row matrix quality throughput value of rpm and torque matrix and given geometrical construction under n-th kind and the load of m kind and rotor plane inflow condition to transfer matrix, as shown in Figure 65.

Thus, can produce rotor efficiency and rotor-nozzle to the Delta matrix between efficiency, wherein negative value can indicate nozzle-rotor pair function reduction compared with only rotor, as shown in Figure 66.

Negative value in Delta matrix can indicate n-th and the flow disturbance of m kind condition lower rotor part suppressed the function of nozzle by the quality throughput reduced in nozzle.This can be used to identify and solve the design optimization parameter problem of rotor or nozzle.

This information can be used to identify optimization nozzle-rotor pairing and the range of operation from initial nozzle and rotor set.This information can also be used recursively in given step in case regulate selected rotor and nozzle design thus for nozzle-rotor to realizing maximum output level.The objectives of this recursive procedure can be this n-th and the m arbitrary boundary conditions that rotor are matched iteration Delta matrix compared with the larger conversion under heavy load.Recursive procedure can comprise and partially or completely redesigns rotor or nozzle thus maximize concrete property, relates to and matches negative edge to the maximum value of the power-converting curve of rotor.Also wish, by the recursion step redesigned, will negative edge be changed.

The final negative edge stemming from the Delta matrix of recurrence test and design can indicate the Optimization Balancing between load and inflow velocity and thus indicate the Driving Torque-rpm of the right optimization of nozzle-rotor.

In order to these objects, nozzle-rotor on the feature of load that applies can be the internal driving of module generator and put on the external impedance (load) of generator.In addition, when using transmission system in the module, torque can form a part for the load putting on rotor to the conversion of rpm and reverse situation.When storing, storage means can optimization load parameter by modularization management thus under allowing the charging load putting on module to be adjusted to m kind velocity conditions.

As known in the art, generator has optimization efficiency at the generator amature rpm scope place of design.The optimization rpm of generator is it is desirable to match the right best rpm of nozzle-rotor.If this can be designed in generator itself, then rpm-torque balance can be used to the initial designs optimizing generator.Such as, it may be impossible for nozzle-rotor being closely matched with generator rpm feature to rpm-torque characteristic.In this case, the rpm-load parameter of generator can be mapped in matrix as seen in figure 67.

Can in order to compare object to map the rpm component of nozzle-rotor to matrix, as shown in Figure 68.

Each matrix all can be filtered for local transitions or maximum efficiency.When generator characteristics can not tight fit nozzle-rotor optimize torque: rpm than, it is desirable to comprise variable transmission at modular power assembly.According to the preferred operation method of module, such as fixed speed or variable velocity or its combination, then the torque that can be indicated by maximum value in corresponding matrix: the difference in rpm ratio can be used to determine nozzle-rotor to and generator between torque: the best transition ratio of rpm.

When most of generator, maximal efficiency it is expected to be in design rpm place under no-load condition and when it is close to decrease in efficiency when complete loading environment or off-design rpm.Nozzle-rotor centering, maximal efficiency can be change, because the aerodynamics of rotor, nozzle and the load that applies define the optimization torque of each velocity range in combination: rpm ratio.

In this regard, preferably have modular power assembly, it comprises variable transmission and power electronic device for variable velocity and/or fixing running.In this case, electrical system can make the load being applied to machine by electrical network according to demand be resolved into the individual loads of each row being applied to array.In this case, machine can be allowed with the variable speed operation of the optimization rpm efficiency range up to generator and best rpm within the scope of the load tight fit given speed applied: torque ratio.Once rotor-nozzle is to reaching best rpm scope, then variable transmission may be used for by balancing best rpm: torque ratio and generator optimum range optimize the output of generator.Controlling mechanism for this reason can be, wherein generator optimum condition and rpm: the optimum range between torque optimum condition is optimized through exporting, wherein in loading conditions range for given speed scope, the right column matrix of nozzle-rotor is analyzed, and wherein column matrix is pruned in transformation value and the boundary of optimizing generator efficiency rpm value.These data will be analyzed by nozzle-rotor transfer matrix and a point flow nozzle-rotor rpm matrix simultaneously.To output matrix be switched to after the column matrix of this pruning and be applied to the generator rpm efficiency value of rpm and the loading condition being suitable for each value,

Wherein P_t, RPM_rotor, t_rotor can be limited by the m kind conditioned matrix (identical speed) fixed, and n-th kind of condition (load) can be variable, and C_gen variable can m) value and load (n-th) value limit by the rpm(in himself matrix, so that matrix can by limited load: the Power output in the velocity range at rpm level place and given rpm: the generator efficiency at load level place formed, as follows.

Wherein

In this case, only two values are in border.

Further, by mating corresponding matrix value and calculating the Power output under each condition,

Can find out, the best exports the comparatively small nozzle that can be in when load level is 4 in this case: the situation of rotor conversion, this is the generator performance owing to being within the scope of this.In this case, larger rpm can provide optimized project.In other cases, Optimal performance can be in less rpm scope.The deciding factor of the controller run at variable velocity or stationary state can be maximum output.

Usefully, use variable transmission as load regulation factor afterwards, it allows nozzle: rotor: generator system response specified conditions dynamically optimize output.In this regard, also advantageously there is dual operating systems, the foundation level that wherein variable transmission can be greater than 0 from certain increases load thus dynamically optimization system, as long as the demand in module exceedes foundation load level thus dynamically applied mechanical load can be adjusted to the demand of reduction.Therefore, usefully there is a kind of system, if wherein meet the nozzle of generator optimal conditions: rotor does not produce maximum power from generator to load and exports, then after meeting fixing operating condition, still can be transformed into variable running.This can betide the generator with wide and relatively flat peak efficiencies scope.In an embodiment, the transmission system with dual functions can be employed, thus allow increase from deficient optimization rotor rpm: generator rpm condition and reduce from super optimization rotor rpm and generator rpm controller, and can by rpm: torque controller and variable speed control dynamically manage, and described controller can allow to run under variable velocity state or fixed speed state based on maximum output relative to operating conditions, rotor, transmission system and generator characteristics.

Afterwards, the power produced in arbitrary pattern can be changed by power electronic (PE) parts and regulate thus be transferred to electrical network.Advantageously, have and be accommodated in module or be in the PE at hub place, it is from multiple module collection energy.

Multiple rotor design, designs of nozzles and shrinkage, piece construction and generator designs can be used to realize said process, and it to be integrated in annual energy generation model thus recursively to determine to optimize yield design structure afterwards.Matrix optimizing analytical method can be used to reduce the quantity of the test modification recursively determining the design producing maximum output.Optimal design can also change with the height residing for given module structure operation.

About cost and the output optimization of module, output optimization can be used to calculate the cost of each structure based on general components cost basis, this general components cost basis comprises cost of material, manufacture cost, assembly cost, LRC cost, operation and maintenance cost, attached cost or derives from cost and installation cost, thus determines the design structure causing minimum cost and maximum production combination.Sometimes, in the mode of certain experiential description, embody rule is more paid attention to exporting compared to cost.In these cases, output compared to cost significance between empirical relation can be used as the direction of the concrete combination towards cost and output optimization to the ratio of the result weighting of optimal design.

By optimizing nozzle thus describing method based on to the NONLINEAR CALCULATION of LE and inlet wall momentum vector, and laval nozzle under environment and pressurized conditions intensive-sparse region can be implemented.

When LE and inlet wall momentum vector initial conditions can be similar in two dimensional model, wherein initialization vector path can be modeled by multiple collision scheme, wherein collision can be calculated based on molecular level or certain rough approximation method, until the nonlinear function of tight fit is isolated, then describes the momentum vector path in import and obtain the average path of given group.In addition, non-linear momentum TRANSFER MODEL can be used to draw the original state condition that environment flows and equilibrium condition based on section interaction and variable density, thus the empirical measurement (as used in basic environment) of closely mating in the flowing of density-driven, thus determine the global parameter of the system in research.Additive method also may be used for determining basic environment, such as n-main body simulation, wherein uses molecule variable to instead of macrovariable.Being integrated into by two dimensional model in three dimension system can be necessary so that the specific nozzle embodiment of correct description and flow interaction.This cardinal principle geometrical construction feature that can comprise not only modeling nozzle also comprises and uses the homogeneous or non-homogeneous divided method of secondary to carry out more complicated pattern modeling to nozzle wall.In this model, wake flow and density currents type all can be integrated in model based on the statistics momentum flux formed in variable matrix and impact parameter (can be in fact flexible or stiff).Also can by giving a part (with the interaction between moving of blade or affect by the it) modeling of the cardinal principle Momentum characteristics of flowing, or determine that the effect of the momentum flux of the blade environmentally of import is come specific momentum vector modeling by the interaction of step-length computing time basis upper blade, thus comprise the rotor behavior in system.Momentum flux in system can use the system of the variable density of constant or variable stable state to approach, wherein local and overall Effects of Density system in flow parameter and be act on the constant on the vector stemming from wall pattern and the interactional momentum flux of rotor.This model can also be used for optimizing rotor blade # and profile thus reduce the impact of the momentum vector of antagonism in entry zone.

Present description is used for the machine that radial velocity energy draws, i.e. one angularly horizontal axis-circumferential WAM turbo machine.

With reference to Figure 69, the design of radial velocity machine can be use the property combination of angularly HAWT structure and nozzle arrangements, such as, shown in Figure 69 A and Figure 69 B two positions.Although angularly HAWT may be efficient not as the HAWT in normal configuration, it can be specially adapted to this application type.

The power when advantage of composite structure is the circumferential speed of structure when in motion and is in radial velocity in column array generates.

Such as, the width of blade at the angularly HAWT(of the 50 meters the narrowest some place of described ellipse is when rotated 50m) there is when RPM is 15 the circumferential radial velocity (being commonly called tip speed) of approximate 40m/s.75m then has the circumferential radial velocity of 59m/s.

When column array is attached to outward edge, assuming that the situation of 50m and nozzle ratio are 2.75 and actual acceleration accelerates to 86m/s for 2.2() and be 0.3 at the mean value that the original power that trunnion place is available is changed, this structure then with four column arrays will produce the power of approximate 32 MW, for the 75m mode (being accelerated to 129m/s) with the same terms, this is by the power of generation 110 MW.

Angularly blade can have length variable when rotated thus remain on the clean radial path at circumference place.Stress on variable-length blade can be alleviated by the passage be attached in external array, thus machine complete its circulation time allow blade vertically extend.

In addition, non-homogeneous ratio can be used to realize machine, this is because main blade rotates the ellipse formed.Outer array array can not need to be restricted to described quantity.In an embodiment, the optimization of volume cost can balance the inertia of the radial quality of the cost of the tip speed based on the KE that becomes a mandarin and the quantity based on column array and general structure when angularly changing.

In an embodiment, radial motion can also be realized by the mechanical transmission coming from main rotor and can by electric power transfer being realized to secondary machine.

Now disclose the method for electrical generator/motor heating power recirculation.Generator or motor can be received in the homogeneous or single wall of change of form or the pressurized container of double-walled or n wall, and wherein the outlet of pressurized container can be made up of release channel, fluid turbine portion section that extra power generates, the recirculation circuit etc. that makes medium turn back to pressurized container.

Container can comprise flowing medium, and its medium can be endothermic gas, heat recipient fluid etc. or its combination.When one-wall vessel, generator can be located immediately in container, and fluid is atomized mechanically or by means of heat absorption.When the system of double-walled or n wall, generator can be in a reservoir packed, one or more inwall can by Heat Conduction Material and/or Structure composing, and outer wall can comprise thermal-protective material and/or structure, and fluid can be received in wall and to be atomized by means of machinery or heating power means.

With reference to Figure 70, fluid is intended to cooled electric generator, wherein fluid can have thermal property thus allow to absorb used heat as follows from generator, i.e. excitation also expansion fluid medium, thus increase the interior pressure of container, show and comprise fluid chamber 7002, electrical generator/motor 7004, fluid recirculation passage 7008, fluid collection chamber 7010, outer wall 7012, inwall 7014, thermal turbine 7018 and fluid pump 7020.Fluid can be released by release channel with ideal ratio, and it can comprise the mode producing medium acceleration to turbine equipment, in turbine equipment, be now converted into power with outlet velocity form by the heat energy of media storage.Afterwards, medium can cycle through cooling chamber, and it reduces the temperature of medium further, and medium can be fed back in pressurized container by one-way valve equipment afterwards.

When load balance, this can be useful, because it can allow electrical generator/motor running and catch most of power of the heat energy usually wasted by generator under the condition of closely maximum power theory simultaneously, the load wherein on generator can be mated or the internal driving of unusual match generator.This can also be applied to and produce enough used heat to meet any system of the consumption of subsystem.

With reference to Figure 71, in an embodiment, the present invention can provide the optimization of wind turbine module by coupling rotor air dynamic performance, nozzle air dynamic performance and generator characteristics.The integrated functionality of acceleration and power generation part that wind turbine module optimized algorithm 7104 can be used to by optimizing wind turbine module optimizes the output of wind turbine module 7102, wherein rotor air dynamic performance-nozzle air dynamic performance 7108 can be matched with generator characteristics 7110, to maximize in the operational speed range and loading condition of wind turbine module simultaneously, nozzle accelerates, rotor is changed and generator efficiency.In addition, wind turbine module can be provided with optimised to provide high efficiency nozzle for selected wind condition scope, is provided with optimised to provide high efficiency generator characteristics for selected wind condition scope, etc.The optimization of wind turbine module can to stem from the matrix of load and speed inflow condition in for rotor, nozzle, transmission system and generator characteristics at least both test and compare.The optimization of wind turbine module can by coupling rotor design-designs of nozzles-generator designs, thus for load and inflow velocity in parametrization operating conditions in the most possible value range the efficiency of optimization component group.Can realize optimizing output by changing the load be applied on rotor and generator thus optimize the output of wind turbine module.Can realize optimizing exporting thus optimizing wind turbine module by the velocity ratio changed between rotor and generator and export.The optimization of wind turbine module can realize by multiple rotor design, designs of nozzles, shrinkage, piece construction and generator designs, and is integrated into annual energy generation model afterwards thus recursively determines to optimize the design structure of output.In an embodiment, the present invention can provide wind turbine module optimized device 7100, to be optimized the output of wind turbine module 7102 by the integrated functionality of the acceleration and power generation part of optimizing wind turbine module, wherein rotor air dynamic performance-nozzle air dynamic performance 7108 can be matched with generator characteristics 7110, to maximize in the operational speed range and loading condition of wind turbine module simultaneously, nozzle accelerates, rotor is changed and generator efficiency.In addition, wind turbine module can be provided with optimised to provide high efficiency nozzle for selected wind condition scope, is provided with optimised to provide high efficiency generator characteristics for selected wind condition scope, etc.Wind turbine module optimized device can provide algorithm 7104 to realize optimizing.

With reference to Figure 72, in an embodiment, the present invention can provide the wind turbine structure be made up of fixing peripheral superstructure and rotating inner part array structure.Wind turbine supporting structure 7202 can comprise fixed position superstructure 7204 and multiple rotating wind dynamic structure 7208, and wherein multiple rotating wind dynamic structure is located in the structure of fixed position superstructure by load bearing equipment.Fixed position superstructure can be installed in ground.Rotating wind dynamic structure can be single wind turbine turbine module, a line wind turbine turbine module, a row wind turbine turbine module, wind turbine turbine module array, and it can remove from superstructure, etc.The torque that the superstructure that the change owing to entering flow vector in vertical plane causes of can reducing wind turbine supporting mechanism stands, increases Security, reduces the load on each load bearing mechanism, increase load isolation.Fixed position superstructure can have cross section, such as rectangle, polygonal etc., and wherein polygonal can be n angle regular polygon, n angle irregular polygon.The cross section of shape can be circular.Fixed position superstructure can be polyhedron, such as regular polyhedron, irregular polyhedrons, prism polyhedron, anti-prism polyhedron etc.Fixed position superstructure can have constructional variant, such as geodesic curve modification, stretching integral modification.Constructional variant can be height modification, and its function as height changes the shape of fixed position superstructure.Height modification can be the change of the polygonal n in n angle.

With reference to Figure 73, in an embodiment, the present invention can provide the wind turbine module with neutral buoyancy structure.Wind turbine nozzle 7302 can have integrated floatation device 7304, and wherein floatation device comprises at least one for realizing for wind turbine structure in multiple fluid volumes 7308 of floating condition.Fluid can be helium, hydrogen etc.Fluid can be heated to change buoyancy.Heating can provide buoyancy to nozzle, so that can being neutralized by buoyancy at least partially of the static load of wind turbine structure.Fluid can by pump pressure to change buoyancy.Pump pressure can provide buoyancy to nozzle so that can being neutralized by buoyancy at least partially of the static load of wind turbine structure.Integrated floatation device can integrate with the interior surface of nozzle.In an embodiment, can provide the wind turbine nozzle with integrated floatation device, wherein floatation device comprises the suspension material for realizing floating condition for wind turbine structure.Suspension material can be gas impregnated foam, and wherein gas can be hydrogen, helium etc.In an embodiment, the attached wind turbine nozzle having floatation device can be provided, wherein be comprised the levitation gas for realizing floating condition for wind turbine structure by the floatation device tied, such as, there is hydrogen, helium etc.Attached can be tether attachment.

With reference to Figure 74, in an embodiment, the present invention can provide the wind turbine structure be made up of fractal supporting structure interconnect scheme.Wind turbine supporting structure 7402 can comprise fractal space framework 7404, wherein the geometrical construction structure of space frame can be repeated to n iteration in the component 7408 of space frame, and wherein n-th iteration can be basic component, and the polyhedron forming the basis of n-th iteration component can be basic polyhedron.Fractal space framework can be three-dimensional fractal.Fractal space framework can service regeulations polyhedral structure, Reuleaux polyhedral structure, Kepler-Poinsot polyhedral structure and similar polyhedral structure.Fractal space framework can provide low solidity relative to structure and load capacity, thus reduces the weight of supporting structure.

With reference to Figure 75, in an embodiment, the present invention can provide the wind-driven power system using variable transmission and PE simultaneously to balance load under variable velocity and operation.Wind-driven power system 7502 can be included in the variable transmission 7504 in wind-driven power system, its load that can be at least partly used for increasing on the rotor 7508 of wind-driven power system is to slow down the angular velocity 7510 of high wind conditions lower rotor part thus the performance of optimization wind-driven power system, and wherein transmission system is the speed that rotor provides continuous variable.Variable transmission can be the transmission system of continuous variable.Can by reducing the performance that aerodynamic loss obtains optimization during drawing the process of energy by wind-driven power system from wind-force flowing.The performance of optimization can be obtained by the power-converting increasing wind-driven power system.High wind conditions can be the condition producing large periphery of rotor speed.Periphery of rotor speed can be reduced to lower than the little velocity of sound by increasing epitrochanterian load.Load can be mechanical, electricity or electrical load and mechanical load combination.Can optimizing power transmission network be carried out by using the algorithm changing network condition thus change epitrochanterian load.Network condition can be connection in network morphology, by the impedance of the connection type in network morphology etc.Algorithm can utilize combination technique, dynamic programming technique, differentiation method etc.Optimal performance can be carried out by the torque increased from baseline load dynamic calculation.Variable transmission about increase or can reduce rotor R PM and bidirectional movement.Variable transmission can be gear train assembly, Continuously Variable Transmission system etc.Rotor can be wind rotor, generator amature etc.In an embodiment, wind-driven power system can comprise the rpm of balance wind-driven power system: the variable transmission of torque characteristic and power electronics devices, and wherein variable transmission and power electronics devices can realize variable velocity or fixed speed running based on maximum output algorithm.In an embodiment, wind-driven power system can comprise the balance rpm of wind-driven power system and the variable transmission of torque characteristic and power electronics devices, wherein variable transmission and power electronics devices can realize at least one in variable velocity or fixed speed running based on maximum output algorithm, and wherein maximum output algorithm produces the greatest combined efficiency under condition used and system running state.

With reference to Figure 76, in an embodiment, the present invention can provide wind-driven power system cost-output optimization equipment.Wind-driven power system cost-output optimization algorithm 7602 can generate relative to the energy of wind-driven power system the cost that output 7608 optimizes wind-driven power system 7604 by being used in the arrangement that may design solution identified in n dimension optimization matrix, and wherein the dimension of matrix can be determined by the quantity of the Optimal Parameters in research.In addition, building wind-driven power system can be optimised for the wind condition of selected scope based on cost-output optimization algorithm.The weighted cost of every unit power that the given design mode of execution that each matrix value all can represent capture systems parameter generates.Systematic parameter can be cost parameter, such as basic cost parameter, derivation cost parameter, yield parameters etc.Arrangement can be the recurrence ring in cost-output optimization algorithm, and wherein recurrence ring can optimize multiple subtense angles of wind-driven power system.Wind-driven power system cost-output optimization equipment 7600 can generate relative to the energy of wind-driven power system the cost that output 7608 optimizes wind-driven power system 7604 by being used in the arrangement that may design solution identified in n dimension optimization matrix, and wherein the dimension of matrix can be determined by the quantity of the Optimal Parameters in research.In addition, building wind-driven power system can be optimised for the wind condition of selected scope based on cost-output optimization algorithm 7602.

In an embodiment, the present invention can about a kind of portable or mobile wind-force platform in an array with multiple acceleration nozzle, wherein said nozzle array system is of portable form, need minimum Farm Planning, deployable in interim and/or permanent place, and the energy storage capability reducing resource variability effects can be comprised.In many cases, desirable target is that clean energy is cheap as much as possible and have flexibility, thus overcomes the shortcoming of the large-scale complicated system with high Farm Planning and installation cost.

In an embodiment; mobile or portable wind-power platform can be made up of the array (such as N X M array) of one or more collapsible or not collapsible nozzle, and wherein said nozzle (such as vertically, along length or width levels ground) can collapse for transport, reposition or storage in any or all three dimensions.Nozzle can be manufactured by braided fabric, plastics, metal etc. or its combination.Nozzle can have to be flexible structural element substantially and to be other element of rigidity substantially, and such as, with the basic shape allowing the skeletal frame of element to provide nozzle, the piece of flexible material wherein between key element provides total nozzle shape.Element can be configured to be collapsed in dimension by number of mechanisms or shrink, and such as intussusception, fan-in, exits, winds up/twisting, compression, folding etc.In an embodiment, system can have inner supporting structure; External support structure; Be inflatable, through pressurization and/or be lighter than air; By to harden or resistance to environmentally conscious materials forms; By there is the capable of circulation of low environmental impact or can forming by repair materials; Be designed to be easy to replacement, reparation, recirculation; Etc..Array can carry out switching energy by machinery, fluid (fluid seeding), piezoelectricity etc. the mechanism that sows grass seeds by duster.Energy transportation or storage system can collect the energy from array, such as, comprise networked system, non-network system, centring system, distributed collection system etc.This system can comprise non-twisting Central Transmission cable, and wherein said cable is by separately and load and allow Energy Transfer between cable section and in the coupling mechanism allowing this type of part independently to rotate.

In an embodiment, nozzle can pass through camouflage, such as, for military situation or the aesthetic providing improvement when launching in city or suburban environment.

In an embodiment, mobile wind-force platform can utilize networking or non-network system, neuron network or other learning system etc. management from the energy of array.System can comprise attitude reference device, such as machinery carrying, electronics carrying, carrying of sliding, track carrying or other carrying or attitude reference device as known in the art.

In an embodiment, mobile wind-force platform can comprise supporting structure, such as superstructure, it can be part or whole collapsible superstructure, and this superstructure can collapse to allow portability but can be fixed on appropriate location to support array in any or all three dimensions.System can comprise for being erect or the automatic or manual mechanism of the system that collapses, any combination of such as gear and crank or other similar means, waterpower, pneumatic, electric motor drive etc. or its system.System can comprise solid or part-solid container or contained structure, and it can increase structural integrity or system functionality, and during storage or extreme event, protective system resists machinery or electronics (such as EMP) interference, provides camouflage etc. to system.System can comprise for raising array structure automatically, manually or in addition, the mechanism of the array etc. that collapses and do not collapse.

In an embodiment, mobile wind-force platform can comprise leveling system, such as leveling array in two or more dimensions.This leveling system can such as comprise one or more supporting leg, and it is extending and can be fixed on different length, to make supporting leg to be placed on variable surface, but provides stable plat surface to array.One or more supporting structure system can be provided to support and/or to raise or in addition to provide benefit with local or overall load orientation or minimizing mode to array.Such as, system can comprise supporting leg, its intussusception, (such as tripod, four pin ... n pin), angled, straight, bending etc. or its some combinations for n pin shape, such as straight, have angle and bending combination.Supporting structure system can be made up of solid construction, curtain wall, part solid core design etc.System can be made up of following: collapsible system; Hyperboloid or tension integral structure; Partially or completely discrete group assembling system, be lighter than air system etc.Array can be connected to the structure be pre-existing in by system, such as (but being not limited to) roof, wall, tower etc.Connection can be undertaken by fastener, such as binding mechanism (rope, slide fastener, flexible cord etc.), bolt, screw, bolt etc.Supporting structure can with provide for surface-based mechanism (such as stake or pin) with for being connected to together with the mechanism's (such as anchor) in sand ground, hag etc.

In an embodiment, may exist in the inner or outside structure of array, such as elevator system, resistance system etc., with redirected dynamic pressure power to reduce total or partial load or to apply load in particularly advantageous position, this position can be that (but being not limited to) will change into comparatively centre of gravity from pneumatic state pressure, thus reduces system to the baffle plate of the receptance of harsh weather.

In an embodiment, mobile wind-force platform can connect with single or multiple storage system, such as chemical storage system (such as battery), fuel cell, osmosis system, the basic storage system of fluid (such as pressurized air, storage waterpower), flywheel, piezoelectrics, cogeneration of heat and power fuel (such as hydrogen, hydroxy material (Hydro-Oxy), synthetic gas (SynGas), rock gas, algae bio fuel etc.) or its any combination.In an embodiment, mobile wind-force platform can comprise load balance, storage, load etc. outgoing management system.This system can comprise and is lighter than air elevator mechanism, such as, be integrated in array, form array, support array etc.System also can be provided for other method or the cogeneration of heat and power mechanism of energy generation.

In an embodiment, the storage system that mobile wind-force platform can comprise based on vacuum pressed gradient is used to all or part of at least one discharge from multiple " discharge " room to make the energy from prime mover.Drain chamber can connect with at least one in multiple supply room, such as, lead to barometric pressure, under atmospheric pressure supply, through pressurization etc.The volume connected can have acceleration nozzle, such as those acceleration nozzles described herein.Connection can have the energy transfer mechanism of best located in connecting.Room can separately or with continuous opening ways operation with the frequecy characteristic copying local supply system.

Figure 77-79 provides the image of the embodiment that mobile wind power system 7700 is shown.Figure 77 shows an embodiment of basic element of character configuration, show module array 7701, driftage load-bearing member 7702, mountion plate and platform hoist system 7703, ' standard ' TRICON container 7704, ground leveling and support system 7705, as 7706 in multiple turbo machines of a part for array and the AGM lead-acid battery group 7707 for stored energy.Figure 78 shows an embodiment of the mobile wind power system 7700 launched from container, wherein view 78A shows the system collapsed in container 7704, view 78B shows the expansion of ground leveling and support system 7705, view 78C shows the expansion of the compression array 7701A on mountion plate and platform hoist system 7703, and view 79D shows the array 7701 launched completely.Figure 79 shows to be had for the container of leveling with the elevator mechanism of vertically-lifting array, and wherein view 79A shows the elevator mechanism being stored in internal tank, and view 79B and 79C shows the elevator mechanism of stretching, extension.

In an embodiment, system can be provided in portable tool box, this portable tool box comprises such as, for allowing and the ABAP Adapter of another device electrical interface by system power supply and another device, weapon, sensing system, medical apparatus, robot device, system of defense, photographic camera, chargeable military equipment etc.

In an embodiment, mobile wind-force platform can in conjunction with by being in the feature produced compared with the mobile wind-force platform of low altitude area above ground level compared with non-portable wind-force machine.Such as, can screen cloth being utilized, such as, for making aviary Wildlife enter manipulating nozzles, preventing Wildlife from nesting in not operation nozzle, sleeping etc.; Prevent people from dropping in nozzle by object; For human security (such as contributing to having prevented people from being stretched in manipulating nozzles by limbs); Etc..In another case, can noise absorber be utilized, such as when mobile wind-force platform extremely close to (such as Distance geometry height above sea level) in people work and life place operation etc.In addition, shock-absorption device can be used, such as, when mobile wind-force platform is placed in architectural (on the roof of such as residential architecture).

In an embodiment, support for reducing cost effectively accelerates wind-force machine and directedly to accelerate and the cost of the necessary superstructure of switching mechanism and substructure may be very important.One of cost determinants is the structural strength of opposing needed for extreme wind event.Another larger cost load is the orientation system be generally made up of carrying and yaw system.Stretching, extension or the nozzle arrangements that collapses can alleviate eolian load, are oriented structure into flow path direction as long as can maintain.It in this respect, may need from oriented structure, because can alleviate the needs of the extreme wind regime of consideration nondirectional and reduce yaw system cost simultaneously.In our study, have been found that nozzle array structure as described herein is oriented into flow path direction, as long as array is installed in the front of the geometrical center of array.Only this is the needs can not eliminating yaw system, because the Cable Twist in prevailing transmission cable is a well-known problem of wind turbine, namely needs yaw system.Therefore, the front that may need array to be arranged on geometrical shape center with strengthen machine from directional nature.Also may need to have a component, the center of mass of square or rectangular array can in the front at geometrical shape center substantially whereby.Also may need to alleviate the impact of blast on cost, because it relates to the stress and strain experience of array structure in extreme wind event, thus reduce the weight of structure and strengthen orientation.

In an embodiment, may need that there is the transmission cable not needing to untie.These may be applicable to all types of accelerator, and it utilizes structure acceleration environment wind, comprise nozzle, pipeline, shield or have resistance property or use aerodynamic property to accelerate the obturator of any type of flowing, such as, in embodiment subsequently.

In one embodiment, two cables transmission equipments that the sealing of not twisting or open form load-bearing member are connected by allowing cable to rotate independently of one another, these a two cables i.e. input cable from power supply and one lead to the output cable of power consumption, storage or transmission equipment.In open form situation, load-bearing member or a certain low center of friction element can have conduction property and for electric power is transferred to the next one from a cable.In sealing situation, conductive fluid contained in load-bearing member or medium may be used for electric power to transfer to the next one from a cable.In addition, magnetic load-bearing member or fluid may be used for electric power to transfer to the next one from a cable.This equipment can be avoided the needs untiing transmission cable and thus avoid and make by oneself in wind-force machine or Cable Twist is the cost of solution open system in other application any of potential problems.

In another embodiment, lifting means, wherein wing or other lifting gear a certain or other lifting gear multiple are connected to the single or multiple supporting plates of structure, the lifting/resistance property of wherein said mechanism make from mechanism produce be lifted at structural resistance/wind loads wholly or in part (C_p) and stress/strain power be displaced to structure moment windward with leeward supporting plate.Lifting means can be directed or directed when structure is fixed to prevailing wind direction with structure.As fruit structure is oriented at the appearance under wind-force case of machines, wing can comprise can the vertical and horizontal part of supplementary structure or its any combination in several ways, such as, alleviate the live load on construction element; Holding structure is oriented wind direction; Or by Structure anchor to the support ground at its place or structure.Lifting means can be rigidity or flexibility, such as wing or parafoil etc., and can be uniform in plane and elevation dimension or be variable in plane and elevation dimension, such as delta wing, and those skilled in the art can be optimized in structural deflection cost based on rising to aerofoil profile material.

In another embodiment, for the superstructure of array wind-force machine, wherein superstructure at array external and array along with the circumferential backlash of structure of forward portion rotating center being moved to array, thus allow array from directed.

In another embodiment, have to be installed to and allow at right angle setting oneself and/or mutually support row and allow the superstructure of the central series of all row together or in independent directed pedestal.

In another embodiment, be installed to the superstructure in carrying or orientation equipment, wherein said load-bearing member is installed in the front at geometrical shape center to allow from directed.

In one embodiment, trapezoidal or triangle superstructure or similar polygon structure, it allows the center of mass of superstructure in the front of the geometry barycenter of machine periphery, thus strengthens from directional nature.

In another embodiment, through counterweight with the front allowing the installation of center of mass and load-bearing member to be placed in geometrical shape center.Structure can carry out counterweight additionally by dynamic component, and wherein fluid or solid supported dynamically can be introduced into the forward portion of machine to be put on the cantilevered load of structure by the directivity hydrodynamic pressure counteracting of increase.

In another embodiment, closed or " pectinid " shield, wherein said shield closes to the blast increased on the surface passively or on one's own initiative based on fluid surface.This can open identical mode with fan and has first sheathing leaf (greaved) or have hinge, and can be unidirectional or two-way closed, and wherein when extreme event, structure will close to the width of single greave or " closed fan " structure; Or slotted, wherein lower drag supporting plate will be turned to flowing when extreme event and closing structure under normal operation by partial structurtes.This structure has advantage by asymmetric nozzle (such as border entries region and border exit region are at nozzle not identical geometrically).

Method and system described herein can partly or entirely be realized by machine, and this machine performs the instruction on computer software, program-code and/or processor.The present invention can be implemented as the method on machine, is embodied as the part or to machine relevant of system or equipment as machine, or as performing the computer program realized on one or more machine on a computer-readable medium.Processor can be a part for server, client end, network infrastructure, mobile computing machine platform, stationary computer platform or other computer platforms.Processor can be can the calculating of any kind of execution of program instructions, code, binary command etc. or treatment device.Processor can be or comprise signal processor, digital processing unit, flush bonding processor, microprocessor or any variations such as coprocessor (math co-processor, graphics coprocessor, communication co-processor etc.) and can contribute to performing the analog of program-code or the programming instruction be stored thereon directly or indirectly.In addition, processor can perform multiple program, thread and code.Thread can be performed simultaneously to strengthen the performance of processor and to operate while contributing to application.By means of mode of execution, method described herein, program-code, programming instruction etc. can be implemented in one or more thread.Thread can cause other threads being associatedly assigned with priority with it; Processor can perform these threads based on priority or based on the instruction in program-code with any order.Processor can comprise storage here and other local describe method, code, instruction and program storage.Processor by interface accessing storage medium, its can store here and other local describe method, code and instruction.Relevant to processor for storage means, program, code, programming instruction or can by calculate or the storage medium of instruction of other types that treatment device performs can include but not limited in CD-ROM, DVD, storage, hard disk, flash memory, RAM, ROM, fast cache etc. one or more.

Processor can comprise one or more cores of speed and the performance that can strengthen multiprocessor.In an embodiment, processor can be dual core processor, the multiprocessor of four core processors, other chip level and combine the similar processor of two or more individual cores (so-called chip).

Method and system described herein can be realized by machine to a part or whole part, and this machine performs the computer software on server, client end, fire-wall, gateway, Line concentrator, router or other such calculators and/or the network hardware.Software program can be associated with server, and this server can comprise file server, printer server, name server, Internet server, intranet server and other modification, such as secondary servers, host server, distributed server etc.Server can comprise storage, processor, computer-readable medium, storage medium, port (physics and virtual), communicator and can by one or more in interface of other servers of wired or wireless medium access, client end, machine and device etc.Method, the journey logic bomb of local description with other here can be performed by server.In addition, other devices performed described in the application needed for method can be counted as a part for the architecture relevant to server.

Server can provide interface to other devices, and other devices include but not limited to client end, other servers, printer, database server, printer server, file server, the communication server, distributed server etc.In addition, this connection and/or connection can contribute to by network remote executive routine.In these devices, the networking of some or all can contribute in one or more positions concurrent processor or method and can not depart from the scope of the invention.In addition, any device being attached to server by interface can comprise can storage means, program, code and/or instruction at least one storage medium.Central repository can be provided in the programming instruction that different device performs.In this embodiment, remote repositories can be used as the storage medium of program-code, instruction and program.

Software program can be associated with client end, and this client end can comprise file client end, Printing, domain name client end, Internet client end, Intranet client end and other modification, such as secondary client end, host client, distributed clients etc.Client end can comprise storage, processor, computer-readable medium, storage medium, port (physics and virtual), communicator and can by one or more in interface of other client ends of wired or wireless medium access, server, machine and device etc.Here with other local describe method, journey logic bomb can by client executing.In addition, other devices performed described in the application needed for method can be counted as a part for the architecture relevant to client end.

Client end can provide interface to other devices, and other devices include but not limited to server, other client ends, printer, database server, printer server, file server, the communication server, distributed server etc.In addition, this connection and/or connection can contribute to by network remote executive routine.In these devices, the networking of some or all can contribute in one or more positions concurrent processor or method and can not depart from the scope of the invention.In addition, any device being attached to client end by interface can comprise can storage means, program, application, code and/or instruction at least one storage medium.Central repository can be provided in the programming instruction that different device performs.In this embodiment, remote repositories can be used as the storage medium of program-code, instruction and program.

Method and system described herein can partly or entirely be applied by network infrastructure.Network infrastructure can comprise various element, such as computing device, server, router, Line concentrator, fire-wall, client end, personal computer, communicator, route device and other active and passive device, module and/or parts well known in the art.The calculating be associated with network infrastructure and/or non-computational device can also comprise storage medium except miscellaneous part, such as flash memory, buffer area, storehouse, RAM, ROM etc.The process of local description with other here, method, program-code, instruction can be performed by one or more network infrastructure element.

Here with other local method, program-code and instruction described can be implemented in there is multiple honeycomb cellular network on.Cellular network can be frequency division multiple access (FDMA) network or CDMA (CDMA) network.Cellular network can comprise shifter, cellular station, base station, repeater, antenna, tower etc.Cellular network can be GSM, GPRS, 3G, EVDO, wireless mesh network or other network types.

Here the method described with other places, program-code and instruction can be implemented on shifter or by shifter and realize.Shifter can comprise guider, mobile phone, mobile phone, mobile personal digital assistant, laptop computer, palm PC, net book, pager, E-book reader, music player etc.These devices can also comprise storage medium except miscellaneous part, such as flash memory, buffer area, RAM, ROM and one or more computing device.The computing device be associated with shifter can perform store thereon program-code, method and instruction.Alternately, shifter can be configured to perform instruction ordinatedly with other devices.Shifter can with base station communication, this base station and server interface and be configured to executive routine code.Shifter can communicate on peer-to-peer network, wireless mesh network or other communication networks.Program-code can be stored on the storage medium that is associated with server and the computing device be embedded in by server performs.Base station can comprise computing device and storage medium.Storage device can store the program-code and instruction that are performed by the computing device be associated with base station.

Computer software, program-code and/or instruction can be stored on a machine-readable medium and/or access, and this machine readable media can comprise: machine element, device, recording medium, and it preserves the digital data for calculating one section of duration; Be known as the semiconductor memory of random-access memory (ram); Be generally used for the bulk memory of permanent storage, such as CD, magnetic storage form, as hard disk, tape, magnetic drum, magnetic card, and other types; Processor register, cache memory, volatile memory, nonvolatile storage; Optical storage, such as CD, DVD; Removable media, such as flash memory (as USB rod or key), floppy disk, tape, paper tape, punch card, unit ram disc, compressed drive, removable massive store, off-line equipment etc.; Other computer storages, such as dynamic memory, static memory, read/writable memory device, easily transition storage, read-only, random access, in succession access, position addressable, file addressable, content addressable, the storage being connected to network, storage LAN, bar code, magnetic ink etc.

Method and system described herein can by physics and/or invisible project from a kind of state-transition to another kind of state.Method and system described herein can also will represent physics and/or invisible item destination data from a kind of state-transition to another kind of state.

Here the element describing and illustrate, comprises the flow chart in accompanying drawing and block diagram, has implied the logical boundary between element.But according to software or hardware engineering practice, described element and function can perform medium by computer and be implemented on machine, it has processor, this processor can perform programming instruction stored thereon, as integral type software configuration, as unit software module, or as performing the module of outside routine, code, service etc., or its combination, all such mode of executions can fall in the scope of present disclosure.The example of such machine can include but not limited to PDA Personal Digital Assistant, laptop computer, personal computer, cell phone, other hand-held computing devices, medical equipment, wired or wireless communication device, transducer, chip, calculator, satellite, panel computer, e-book, gadget, electronic equipment, the device with artificial-intelligent, computing device, the network equipment, server, router etc.In addition, the original paper described in flow chart and block diagram or other logical blocks can be implemented in can on the machine of execution of program instructions.Therefore, although above-mentioned accompanying drawing and description describe the functional aspect of open system, but the concrete software design patterns realizing these functional aspects should do not known by inference, unless the context requires clearly stating or otherwise clearly learning from these describe.Similarly, will recognize above-identified and the various steps described out are can be reformed, and the order of step can be adjusted to adapt to the embody rule of technology disclosed herein.All such modification and remodeling are intended to fall in the scope of present disclosure.Like this, for various order of steps drafting and/or describe and should not be understood to need to perform these steps with concrete order, unless embody rule needs so or clearly statement or clearly known from the context.

Above-described method and/or process and step thereof may be implemented as the combination in any of hardware, software or the hardware and software being suitable for embody rule.Hardware can comprise concrete aspect or the parts of general computer and/or dedicated computing device or specific calculation device or specific calculation device.Process can be implemented in one or more microprocessor, microcontroller, embedded microcontroller, programmable digital signal processor or other programmable devices, and it is with inner and/or external storage.Process or instead can also be embedded in specific integrated circuit, programmable gate array, programmable logic array or can be configured to process in other devices of electronic signal or device combination.Also will recognize, one or more process may be implemented as the computer-executable code that can be performed on a machine-readable medium.

Can use the structured programming language of such as C language, the Object-Oriented Programming Language of such as C++ or arbitrarily other senior or low level programming language (comprise assembler language, Hardware description language makes peace database programming language and technology) produce computer-executable code, wherein said language can be stored, compile or explain in case run in a kind of said apparatus and the variation combination of processor, processor architectural framework or different hardware and software combination or can any other machines of execution of program instructions.

Therefore, on the one hand, above-mentioned each method and combination thereof can be realized as computer-executable code, and when running on one or more computing device, this code performs its step.On the other hand, method can be implemented in systems in which, and this system performs its step and can be distributed in device in a large number of ways, or all functions can be integrated in special stand-alone device or in other hardware.On the other hand, the means for realizing the step be associated with said process can comprise above-mentioned any hardware and/or software.All these arrangements and combination are intended to fall in the scope of present disclosure.

Although combined and to have specifically illustrated and the preferred embodiment described discloses the present invention, but be apparent to various remodeling and improvement to those skilled in the art.Therefore, the spirit and scope of the present invention are not limited by above-mentioned example, but the widest implication that should allow with law is understood.

All documents of reference here are all incorporated to for reference herein.

Claims

1. a system, it comprises:

The collapsible Wind resource change module of multiple interconnection, at least one in described multiple Wind resource change module comprises nozzle inlet, and it is caught the air stream on the entrance inciding described nozzle inlet and makes it accelerate to nozzle trunnion; Rotor, it is located in described nozzle trunnion and rotates energy to receive described air stream from described nozzle inlet described air circulation to be changed into; Be connected to the generator of described rotor, it can convert the rotation of described rotor to electric energy; And diffuser, it receives described air stream from described trunnion and is directed to the outlet of described diffuser, and the diameter of wherein said nozzle entrance and described diffuser exit is greater than the diameter of described trunnion;

Collapsible supporting structure; With

Load bearing equipment, it is connected to described collapsible supporting structure and to allow the collapsible Wind resource change module of described interconnection to support the collapsible Wind resource change module of described multiple interconnection towards the mode of described empty flow rotation.

2. the system as claimed in claim 1, it comprises the energy storage device storing the electric energy produced by described generator further.

3. the system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said system comprises the interface of at least one for being electrically connected in another power plant, electrical network and energy operative installations.

4. the system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said Wind resource change module comprises the braided material promoting collapsing property.

5. the system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said collapsible supporting structure is inflatable.

6. the system as claimed in claim 1, it comprises the collapsible interconnect support structures of the collapsible Wind resource change module of the described multiple interconnection of interconnection further, and wherein said collapsible interconnect support structures is inflatable.

7. the system as claimed in claim 1, it comprises the leveling system of the collapsible Wind resource change module of multiple interconnection described in leveling further.

8. the system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said diffuser is the collapsible part of described Wind resource change module.

9. the system as claimed in claim 1, the ratio of wherein said diffuser length and described nozzle inlet length is greater than 5:1.

10. the system as claimed in claim 1, the ratio of the area of the described entrance of wherein said nozzle inlet and the area of described trunnion is greater than 2:1.

11. the system as claimed in claim 1, each in the collapsible Wind resource change module of wherein said multiple interconnection comprises the aerodynamic feature of the throughput strengthening described air stream.

12. systems as claimed in claim 11, wherein said aerodynamic feature is described nozzle inlet, at least one in described trunnion and described diffuser is used for giving the eddy current of described air stream vortex movement forms aerodynamic shape.

13. systems as claimed in claim 11, wherein said aerodynamic feature is described epitrochanterian leaf characteristic.

14. the system as claimed in claim 1, it comprises the heating element in described Wind resource change module further, and it heats air in described air stream to form pressure reduction to increase the throughput of air by described Wind resource change module.

15. 1 kinds for launching the method for portable wind energy plant, it comprises:

There is provided the collapsible Wind resource change module array being installed on the interconnection in collapsible supporting structure by load bearing equipment, wherein

Each Wind resource change module comprises nozzle inlet, and it is caught the air stream on the entrance inciding described nozzle inlet and makes it accelerate to nozzle throat; Rotor, it is located in described nozzle throat and rotates energy to receive described air stream from described nozzle inlet described air circulation to be changed into; Be connected to the generator of described rotor, it can convert the rotation of described rotor to electric energy; And diffuser, it receives described air stream from described trunnion and is directed to the outlet of described diffuser, and the diameter of wherein said nozzle entrance and described diffuser exit is greater than the diameter of described trunnion,

Integrated load bearing equipment is connected to described collapsible supporting structure and to allow described array to support the collapsible Wind resource change module array of described interconnection towards the mode of described empty flow rotation, and

Collapsible Wind resource change module array and the described collapsible supporting structure of described interconnection can be received in a transport container, and from the deployable one-tenth holonomic system of described cask.

16. 1 kinds of systems, it comprises:

The collapsible Wind resource change module of multiple interconnection;

Collapsible supporting structure; With

Load bearing equipment, it is connected to described collapsible supporting structure and to allow the collapsible Wind resource change module of described interconnection to support the collapsible Wind resource change module of described multiple interconnection towards the mode of described empty flow rotation,

Wherein Wind resource change module be at least partially constructed by flexible knitting thing and wherein said supporting structure be inflatable at least partially.

17. systems as claimed in claim 16, at least one in wherein said multiple Wind resource change module comprises nozzle inlet, and it is caught the air stream on the entrance inciding described nozzle inlet and makes it accelerate to nozzle throat; Rotor, it is located in described nozzle throat and rotates energy to receive described air stream from described nozzle inlet described air circulation to be changed into; Be connected to the generator of described rotor, it can convert the rotation of described rotor to electric energy; And diffuser, it receives described air stream from described trunnion and is directed to the outlet of described diffuser, and the diameter of wherein said nozzle entrance and described diffuser exit is greater than the diameter of described trunnion.

18. systems as claimed in claim 16, it comprises the energy storage device storing the electric energy produced by described generator further.

19. systems as claimed in claim 16, wherein said system comprises the interface of at least one for being electrically connected in another power plant, electrical network and energy operative installations.