CN104504968A - Gravity acceleration measuring method - Google Patents
Gravity acceleration measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104504968A CN104504968A CN201510003546.7A CN201510003546A CN104504968A CN 104504968 A CN104504968 A CN 104504968A CN 201510003546 A CN201510003546 A CN 201510003546A CN 104504968 A CN104504968 A CN 104504968A
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- G09B23/08—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics for statics or dynamics
- G09B23/10—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics for statics or dynamics of solid bodies
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V7/00—Measuring gravitational fields or waves; Gravimetric prospecting or detecting
- G01V7/14—Measuring gravitational fields or waves; Gravimetric prospecting or detecting using free-fall time
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of kinetic measurement, particularly to the field of gravity acceleration measurement. The invention is simple in operation and high in precision. Specifically, a gravity acceleration measuring method is characterized by being applied to a multifunctional kinetic study device. The multifunctional kinetic study device comprises a force sensor; the lower surface of a fixing plate is connected with an electromagnet, and the lower end of the electromagnet attracts a round ball; the multifunctional kinetic study device also comprises a connecting rack. The method comprises, firstly, measuring the free falling height of the round ball to be h; secondly, enabling the round ball to fall off, and at the moment, marking the time to be t1; thirdly, changing the tension born by the sensor from b to c, and at the moment, marking the time to be t2; fourthly, performing calculation of t2-t1=t, and computing the numerical value of gravity acceleration through existing formulas.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to for dynamics research field.
Background technology
The category of dynamics research comprises the relation of power, motion, force and motion.Existing apparatus is enough abundant, but, the relation between some parameter in dynamics still can be studied by new device, new method.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of new apparatus and method, for research dynamics provides a kind of new technical scheme, the present invention is such:
Multifunction dynamic research device, comprise: be fixedly installed, for measuring the force snesor of pulling force straight down, it is characterized in that: the probe of force snesor is fixedly connected with fixed head, fixed head is tabular, and fixed head place plane is surface level, fixed head lower surface is fixedly connected with electromagnet, and electromagnet lower end is adsorbed with a ball for falling, ball is made up of soft magnetic material
Also comprise the link that vertical direction is arranged, the upper end of link is fixedly connected with fixed head, and the lower end of link is fixedly connected with shelf, and shelf is tabular, and shelf place plane is surface level.
The quality of ball is 50 grams.
The quality of ball is 20 grams.
Also comprise the connecting rod for bed knife sensor, connecting rod is fixedly connected on vertical rack, and support bottom is fixedly connected with base.
Also comprise a fine rule, fine rule one end lies in fixed head, and the fine rule other end dangles a weight.
Its barycenter of device that all parts in probe below are formed is positioned at: through the vertical straight line of probe.
The barycenter of ball is positioned at: through the vertical straight line of probe.
Also comprise one be positioned at shelf upper surface, for accepting the cylinder of ball, cylinder is removably connected with shelf, be provided with above cylinder and enter the opening of cylinder for ball.
Cylinder inner surface stick a circular tube shaped, thickness dsah-pot that is uniform, that slow down for the ball that causes to fall and break, dsah-pot is made up of resilient material, and the internal diameter of dsah-pot is slightly less than the diameter of ball.
Dsah-pot is made up of sponge.
Described bottom of cylinder be also provided with one be convenient to disclose ball eject hole.
Described link is telescopically formed by connecting by being used for changing fixed head and the upper link of shelf spacing, lower link, upper link is vertically arranged, lower link is also vertically arranged, and upper link upper end is fixedly connected with fixed head, and lower link lower end is fixedly connected with shelf.
Upper link is provided with the high scale for indicating height, and lower link is provided with the lower scale for mark height, and: when ball is adsorbed in magnet, with the initial point of the ball scale that horizontal line is concordant bottom as scale.
Cylinder upper end beginning place is also fixedly connected with a taper cone barrel, taper cone barrel upper end is provided with upper shed that is circular, that enter for ball, taper cone barrel lower end is provided with circular under shed, and the edge of under shed is fixedly connected with the edge of cylinder upper end, and the diameter of upper shed is slightly larger than the diameter of ball.
Upper shed is also provided with the impact sheet slowed down for the ball that causes to fall and break, it is circular for impacting sheet outer ring, the outer ring impacting sheet is fixedly connected with upper shed edge, impact sheet is uniform by thickness, flake, resilient material are made, impact sheet inner ring is provided with the hole in homogeneous radiation shape, being centrally located at of hole: the axis of cylinder.
A side of upper link is provided with the groove of vertical direction, is provided with the tooth bar for driven wheel in groove;
Lower link is provided with a housing, a face of housing be provided with overhanging for gear, with make gear and tooth bar engagement elongated hole, be provided with the side of elongated hole and establish reeded side to fit,
Be provided with one in the housing of lower link for determining the rotating shaft of pinion rotation axis, this rotating shaft place axis is horizontal direction,
Also be provided with the first stretching pulley, the second stretching pulley in the housing of lower link, the first stretching pulley, its shaft axis of the second stretching pulley are horizontal direction, and this shaft axis is vertical with the shaft axis of gear,
Also be provided with: with the driving-belt of the first stretching pulley, the second stretching pulley synchronous axial system,
Gear is rotated by actuator drives first stretching pulley,
Housing is provided with reading opening to make driving-belt face visual, and in visual range: driving-belt place plane is perpendicular, conveyor belt motion direction is vertical direction; And: lower link speed vertically and driving-belt speed vertically etc. is large, oppositely,
Reading opening place plane and elongated hole place plane orthogonal,
Lower link is provided with the lower scale for mark height, and this scale marks in driving-belt, upper link is provided with the high scale for indicating height, and high scale is identical with the scale numerical value that lower scale marks in scale overlapping region, and: when ball is adsorbed in magnet, with the initial point of the ball scale that horizontal line is concordant bottom as scale.
A kind of method measured gravity and accelerate, it is characterized in that: described method is applied to a kind of multifunction dynamic research device, described device, comprise: be fixedly installed, for measuring the force snesor of pulling force straight down, and: the probe of force snesor is fixedly connected with fixed head, fixed head is tabular, and fixed head place plane is surface level, fixed head lower surface is fixedly connected with electromagnet, electromagnet lower end is adsorbed with a ball for falling, ball is made up of soft magnetic material, also comprise the link that vertical direction is arranged, the upper end of link is fixedly connected with fixed head, the lower end of link is fixedly connected with shelf, shelf is tabular, shelf place plane is surface level,
Described method comprises:
The first step, to electromagnet energising, absorption ball, and keep ball static, the height measuring ball freely falling body is h; Force snesor starts to gather the data of pulling force suffered by it, and now pulling force suffered by sensor is a;
Second step, electromagnet power-off, ball falls; Suffered by sensor, pulling force becomes b from a, now engraves as t
1;
3rd step, ball hits shelf, and suffered by sensor, pulling force becomes c from b, now engraves as t
2;
4th step, using h as the height of freely falling body, calculates t
2-t
1=t, with the time of t as freely falling body, utilizes:
Calculate the numerical value of acceleration of gravity.
Device of the present invention, has several functions in dynamics research field, and measuring method of the present invention has the advantage that precision is high, easy to operate.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention one.
Fig. 2 is the partial structurtes schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention one.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention two.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention three.
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention four.
Fig. 6 is the partial structurtes schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention five.
Fig. 7 is the partial structurtes schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention five.
Fig. 8 is the partial structurtes schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention six.
Fig. 9 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention seven.
Figure 10 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention eight.
Figure 11 is the partial structurtes schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention nine.
Figure 12 is the partial structurtes schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention nine.
Figure 13 is the partial structurtes schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention ten.
Figure 14 is the partial structurtes schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention ten.
Figure 15 is the partial structurtes schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention 11.
Figure 16 is the partial structurtes schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention 11.
Figure 17 is the partial structurtes schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention 11.
Figure 18 is the partial structurtes schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention 11.
Figure 19 is the partial structurtes schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention 11.
Figure 20 is the partial structurtes schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention 11.
Figure 21 is the partial structurtes schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention 11.
Figure 22 is the partial structurtes schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention 11.
In figure: 1-force snesor, 11-pops one's head in, 2-electromagnet, 3-ball, 4-link, 41-fixed head, 42-shelf, 51-base, 52-support, 53-connecting rod, 61-fine rule, 62-weight, 7-cylinder, 71-dsah-pot, 72-ejects hole, the upper link of 43-, link under 44-, 431-high scale, scale under 441-, 73-taper cone barrel, 731-upper shed, 732-under shed, 74-impacts sheet, 741-lower sheeting, 81-tooth bar, 82-groove, 91-first stretching pulley, 92-second stretching pulley, 93-gear, 94-elongated hole, 95-driving-belt, 96-reading opening, 97-gearing.
Embodiment
Embodiment one
See accompanying drawing 1, multifunction dynamic research device, comprise: be fixedly installed, for measuring the force snesor 1 of pulling force straight down, it is characterized in that: the probe 11 of force snesor 1 is fixedly connected with fixed head 41, fixed head 41 is in tabular, and fixed head 41 place plane is surface level, fixed head 41 lower surface is fixedly connected with electromagnet 2, electromagnet 2 lower end is adsorbed with a ball 3 for falling, ball 3 is made up of soft magnetic material, also comprise the link 4 that vertical direction is arranged, the upper end of link 4 is fixedly connected with fixed head 41, the lower end of link 4 is fixedly connected with shelf 42, shelf 42 is in tabular, shelf 42 place plane is surface level.The quality of ball 3 can be 50 grams.The quality of ball 3 can be 20 grams.
Force snesor 1 belongs to prior art, force snesor 1 is can the instrument of ergometry, force snesor 1 connects support equipment can collect related data, finally with the form of F-t image performance exert oneself over time, common force snesor 1 there is such function mostly.Force snesor 1 has one to pop one's head in 11, applies pressure or pulling force, the correlation parameter of sensitive element can be caused to change, thus learn how power changes in time to probe 11.Force snesor 1 of the present invention refers to the force snesor 1 describing F-t image.
Soft magnetic material refers to: when external magnetic field exists, and soft magnetic material has magnetic, and after external magnetic field removes, soft magnetic material magnetic disappears.Such as: iron.Various equivalent modifications should be known: allowed remanent magnetism slightly, and the material selecting remanent magnetism few can reduce error.
A kind of method measured gravity and accelerate, it is characterized in that: described method is applied to a kind of multifunction dynamic research device, described device, comprise: be fixedly installed, for measuring the force snesor 1 of pulling force straight down, and: the probe 11 of force snesor 1 is fixedly connected with fixed head 41, fixed head 41 is in tabular, and fixed head 41 place plane is surface level, fixed head 41 lower surface is fixedly connected with electromagnet 2, electromagnet 2 lower end is adsorbed with a ball 3 for falling, ball 3 is made up of soft magnetic material, also comprise the link 4 that vertical direction is arranged, the upper end of link 4 is fixedly connected with fixed head 41, the lower end of link 4 is fixedly connected with shelf 42, shelf 42 is in tabular, shelf 42 place plane is surface level,
Described method comprises:
The first step, is energized to electromagnet 2, absorption ball 3, and keeps ball 3 static, and the height measuring ball 3 freely falling body is h; Force snesor 1 starts to gather the data of pulling force suffered by it, and now pulling force suffered by sensor is a;
Second step, electromagnet 2 power-off, ball 3 falls; Suffered by sensor, pulling force becomes b from a, now engraves as t
1;
3rd step, ball 3 hits shelf 42, and suffered by sensor, pulling force becomes c from b, now engraves as t
2;
4th step, using h as the height of freely falling body, calculates t
2-t
1=t, with the time of t as freely falling body, utilizes:
Calculate the numerical value of acceleration of gravity.
Various equivalent modifications should be known: the support equipment of force snesor 1 be connected together with force snesor 1, and have relevant setting to image data, and can arrange frequency acquisition is collection per second 500 times, or 600 times, or 1000 times.
Introduced obviously by above: link 4 can not stop the falling motion of ball 3.Such as adopt the mode of accompanying drawing 2.
The technical scheme optimized is: electromagnet 2 adopts remote control electromagnet 2, like this, does not just have the outstanding pendant of the electric wire of electromagnet 2, because electric wire hangs pendant, waves the precision that can have influence on experiment.
How bed knife sensor 1? refer to accompanying drawing 3, namely embodiment two:
Also comprise the connecting rod 53 for bed knife sensor 1, connecting rod 53 is fixedly connected on vertical rack 52, and support 52 bottom is fixedly connected with base 51.Also apparent: not have other object support under shelf 42, that is, unsettled under shelf 42, shelf 42 is unsettled in other words.
Embodiment three
See accompanying drawing 4, also comprise a fine rule 61, fine rule 61 one end lies in fixed head 41, and fine rule 61 other end dangles a weight 62.
Fine rule 61 and weight 62 can be used for determining whether vertically, because ball 3 of the present invention will do the movement of falling object, so, assigned address (such as hitting shelf 42) can be hit in order to ensure ball 3 drop point, utilize fine rule 61 and weight 62 to be conducive to determining vertical direction.
Force snesor 1 can the size of correct measurement power, usually will guarantee that power in a certain direction just can Measurement accuracy, such as, for measuring the force snesor 1 of pulling force, applying the pulling force of 10N along probe 11 direction, being shown as 10N, if apply 10N pulling force sideling, the result demonstrated is not just 10N.In order to allow the pulling force of probe 11 accurate acquisition vertical direction, the present invention can optimisation technique scheme like this: its barycenter of device that below probe 11, all parts are formed is positioned at: through the vertical straight line of probe 11.
The technique effect that weight 62 can reach, except determining vertical direction, also has a technique effect: be used for adjusting the position of barycenter, makes that " its barycenter of device that below probe 11, all parts are formed is positioned at: through the vertical straight line of probe 11." how to adjust? change the quality (also can change the suspension point position of fine rule 61) of weight 62, just can change centroid position.
When ball 3 is adsorbed on electromagnet 2, the device that below probe 11, all parts are formed has a barycenter, after ball 3 falls, the device that below probe 11, all parts are formed has another barycenter, so, in order to improve measuring accuracy, the present invention can optimisation technique scheme like this: the barycenter of ball 3 is positioned at: through the vertical straight line of probe 11.Such optimization, can make ball 3 guarantee to the last current state of dropping process before falling: " its barycenter of device that below probe 11, all parts are formed is positioned at: through the vertical straight line of probe 11 always.”
Embodiment four
See accompanying drawing 5, disorderly roll to not allow the ball 3 fallen to such an extent as to lose, can optimize like this: also comprise one be positioned at shelf 42 upper surface, for accepting the cylinder 7 of ball 3, cylinder 7 is removably connected with shelf 42, is provided with the opening entering cylinder 7 for ball 3 above cylinder 7.
Cylinder 7 is removably connected with shelf 42, belong to that various equivalent modifications just can be realized by conventional means, such as: the screw rod being fixedly connected with a vertical direction bottom cylinder 7, shelf 42 is provided with a hole allowing screw rod pass through, and utilizes nut screw connection screw rod cylinder 7 can be fixed on shelf 42.For another example: the hole that what shelf 42 was provided with allow screw rod pass through, its aperture is a bit larger tham screw diameter, can adjust the position of cylinder 7 like this among a small circle.These are all routine techniques means, do not describe in detail.
Cylinder 7 also has an effect: cylinder 7 allows ball 3 only move at vertical direction.Cylinder 7 also has an effect: guarantee that ball 3 and force snesor 1 described device below 11 of popping one's head in forms the entirety that one can be considered system-----because ball 3 can not tumble on the ground.
There is the optimization of embodiment four, not only may be used for measuring acceleration of gravity, the theorem of momentum under inotropic action can also be verified.Theorem of momentum is set up under constant force effect, this easily verifies by experiment, but under inotropic action, theorem of momentum is also set up?-----this be not easy to prove by experiment.Under this device may be used for checking inotropic action, theorem of momentum is still set up.Method has multiple:
A kind of method verifying theorem of momentum under inotropic action, it is characterized in that: described method is applied to a kind of multifunction dynamic research device, described device, comprise: be fixedly installed, for measuring the force snesor 1 of pulling force straight down, and: the probe 11 of force snesor 1 is fixedly connected with fixed head 41, fixed head 41 is in tabular, and fixed head 41 place plane is surface level, fixed head 41 lower surface is fixedly connected with electromagnet 2, electromagnet 2 lower end is adsorbed with a ball 3 for falling, ball 3 is made up of soft magnetic material, also comprise the link 4 that vertical direction is arranged, the upper end of link 4 is fixedly connected with fixed head 41, the lower end of link 4 is fixedly connected with shelf 42, shelf 42 is in tabular, shelf 42 place plane is surface level,
Also comprise one be positioned at shelf 42 upper surface, for accepting the cylinder 7 of ball 3, cylinder 7 is removably connected with shelf 42, be provided with above cylinder 7 and enter the opening of cylinder 7 for ball 3,
Described method comprises:
The first step, is energized to electromagnet 2, absorption ball 3, and keeps ball 3 static, and measuring the height put at ball 3 least significant end to freely falling body process end is difference h; Force snesor 1 starts to gather the data of pulling force suffered by it, and now pulling force suffered by sensor is a;
Second step, electromagnet 2 power-off, ball 3 falls; Suffered by sensor, pulling force becomes b from a, now engraves as t
1;
3rd step, ball 3 is at freely falling body end point, and suffered by sensor, pulling force becomes c from b, now engraves as t
2;
4th step, ball 3 is from t
3moment rises static, and suffered by sensor, pulling force reverts to a;
5th step, searches handbook, and the acceleration of gravity numerical value obtaining test site is g, using h as the height of freely falling body, by formula
calculate the speed v of freely falling body last current state;
6th step, with t
2for the initial time of research process, with t
4(t
4 t
3) be last moment of research process, then, the speed of initial time ball 3 is v, and the speed of end moment ball 3 is 0, and research process is lasted for t
5=t
4-t
2;
7th step, t
5in time, suffered by ball 3, the momentum of gravity is I
g=(a-b) t
5;
8th step, in F-t image, t
5in time, folded by image and time shaft, area is S
1, b is multiplied by t
5for S
2, get S=S
1-S
2;
9th step, t
5in time, suffered by ball 3, the momentum of elastic force is I
n, I
nbe numerically equal to S, in error allowed band:
If:
, then verify: the theorem of momentum under inotropic action is set up.
A kind of method verifying theorem of momentum under inotropic action, it is characterized in that: described method is applied to a kind of multifunction dynamic research device, described device, comprise: be fixedly installed, for measuring the force snesor 1 of pulling force straight down, and: the probe 11 of force snesor 1 is fixedly connected with fixed head 41, fixed head 41 is in tabular, and fixed head 41 place plane is surface level, fixed head 41 lower surface is fixedly connected with electromagnet 2, electromagnet 2 lower end is adsorbed with a ball 3 for falling, ball 3 is made up of soft magnetic material, also comprise the link 4 that vertical direction is arranged, the upper end of link 4 is fixedly connected with fixed head 41, the lower end of link 4 is fixedly connected with shelf 42, shelf 42 is in tabular, shelf 42 place plane is surface level,
Also comprise one be positioned at shelf 42 upper surface, for accepting the cylinder 7 of ball 3, cylinder 7 is removably connected with shelf 42, be provided with above cylinder 7 and enter the opening of cylinder 7 for ball 3,
Described method comprises:
The first step, is energized to electromagnet 2, absorption ball 3, and keeps ball 3 static; Force snesor 1 starts to gather the data of pulling force suffered by it, and now pulling force suffered by sensor is a;
Second step, electromagnet 2 power-off, ball 3 falls; Suffered by sensor, pulling force becomes b from a, now engraves as t
1;
3rd step, ball 3 is at freely falling body end point, and suffered by sensor, pulling force becomes c from b, now engraves as t
2;
4th step, ball 3 is from t
3moment rises static, and suffered by sensor, pulling force reverts to a;
5th step, searches handbook, and the acceleration of gravity numerical value obtaining test site is g, by formula
calculate the speed v of freely falling body last current state;
6th step, with t
2for the initial time of research process, with t
4(t
4 t
3) be last moment of research process, then, the speed of initial time ball 3 is v, and the speed of end moment ball 3 is 0, and research process is lasted for t
5=t
4-t
2;
7th step, t
5in time, suffered by ball 3, the momentum of gravity is I
g=(a-b) t
5;
8th step, in F-t image, t
5in time, folded by image and time shaft, area is S
1, b is multiplied by t
5for S
2, get S=S
1-S
2;
9th step, t
5in time, suffered by ball 3, the momentum of elastic force is I
n, I
nbe numerically equal to S, in error allowed band:
If:
, then verify: the theorem of momentum under inotropic action is set up.
A kind of method verifying theorem of momentum under inotropic action, it is characterized in that: described method is applied to a kind of multifunction dynamic research device, described device, comprise: be fixedly installed, for measuring the force snesor 1 of pulling force straight down, and: the probe 11 of force snesor 1 is fixedly connected with fixed head 41, fixed head 41 is in tabular, and fixed head 41 place plane is surface level, fixed head 41 lower surface is fixedly connected with electromagnet 2, electromagnet 2 lower end is adsorbed with a ball 3 for falling, ball 3 is made up of soft magnetic material, also comprise the link 4 that vertical direction is arranged, the upper end of link 4 is fixedly connected with fixed head 41, the lower end of link 4 is fixedly connected with shelf 42, shelf 42 is in tabular, shelf 42 place plane is surface level,
Also comprise one be positioned at shelf 42 upper surface, for accepting the cylinder 7 of ball 3, cylinder 7 is removably connected with shelf 42, be provided with above cylinder 7 and enter the opening of cylinder 7 for ball 3,
Described method comprises:
The first step, is energized to electromagnet 2, absorption ball 3, and keeps ball 3 static; Force snesor 1 starts to gather the data of pulling force suffered by it, and now pulling force suffered by sensor is a;
Second step, electromagnet 2 power-off, ball 3 falls; Suffered by sensor, pulling force becomes b from a, now engraves as t
1;
3rd step, ball 3 is from t
2moment rises static, and suffered by sensor, pulling force reverts to a;
4th step, with t
1for the initial time of research process, with t
3(t
3 t
2) be last moment of research process, then, the speed of initial time ball 3 is 0, and the speed of end moment ball 3 is also 0, and research process is lasted for t=t
3-t
1;
5th step, in the t time, the momentum getting gravity is I
g=at;
6th step, in F-t image, in the t time, folded by image and time shaft, area is S;
7th step, in the t time, the momentum of elastic force is I
n, I
nbe numerically equal to S, in error allowed band:
If:
, then verify: the theorem of momentum under inotropic action is set up.
It should be noted that: although multiple t appears in said method
2but, various equivalent modifications should know indication t in different experiments method
2implication, can not t described someway
2with the t described in another kind of method
2obscure.That is, those skilled in the art can not propose: " the t described in this instructions
2refer to which moment actually? " such query.Other moment also so explain.
Embodiment five
Embodiment four has its weak point: 1, is difficult to ensure that ball 3 only vertically moves in cylinder 7,2, because ball 3 is just static through the very short time in cylinder 7, so experimental precision is not high.In order to make ball 3 only move along vertical direction in cylinder 7, and extending the action time of ball 3 and cylinder 7, can optimize like this: see accompanying drawing 6.
Cylinder 7 inside surface stick a circular tube shaped, thickness dsah-pot 71 that is uniform, that slow down for the ball 3 that causes to fall and break, dsah-pot 71 is made up of resilient material, and the internal diameter of dsah-pot 71 is slightly less than the diameter of ball 3.Accompanying drawing 7 is used for illustrating: the internal diameter of dsah-pot 71 is slightly less than the diameter of ball 3.Dsah-pot 71 can be made up of sponge.
Such design, can make ball 3 only move along vertical direction, and, extend the action time of ball 3 and cylinder 7.
Does is what meaning " summary " in " internal diameter of dsah-pot 71 is slightly less than the diameter of ball 3 "? under normal circumstances, " summary " word belongs to unclear statement, but, after various equivalent modifications has seen this explanation, clearly can understand the implication of " summary " word: " summary ", in this device, say, allow ball 3 receive the resistance of dsah-pot 71 applying, and dsah-pot 71 can be entered into, if wish that resistance is a little large, time that just allows ball 3 enter, dsah-pot 71 is a little tight, if wish that resistance is a little bit smaller, dsah-pot 71 with regard to pine a bit.Various equivalent modifications should be known, if dsah-pot 71 internal diameter is much smaller than the diameter of ball 3, ball 3 cannot enter dsah-pot 71.In other words: the process that ball 3 enters dsah-pot 71 is squeezed in.
Embodiment six
Ball 3 enters cylinder 7 by entering dsah-pot 71, and how does that take out? also be provided with bottom described cylinder 7 one be convenient to disclose ball 3 eject hole 72, just can address this problem, by a thin bar, disclose.Do not describe in detail.
Embodiment seven
See accompanying drawing 9, described link 4 by being used for changing the upper link 43 of fixed head 41 and shelf 42 spacing, lower link 44 is telescopically formed by connecting, upper link 43 is vertically arranged, lower link 44 is also vertically arranged, upper link 43 upper end is fixedly connected with fixed head 41, and lower link 44 lower end is fixedly connected with shelf 42.
The difference in height of adjustment fixing plate 41 and shelf 42, there is a variety of mode, shelf 42 position is regulated easily to expect, but, why does not the present invention adopt in such a way? reason is: change upper-lower height difference iff the position by changing shelf 42, so, the overall height of link 4 is constant, and this gives packaging, transport makes troubles.
Scalable mode belongs to prior art.Various equivalent modifications should be known, upper link 43 of the present invention, lower link 44 are used for after being also provided with flexible putting in place determining fixed head 41, shelf 42 locking device highly, such as determine after collapsing length, link 43 and lower link 44 is connected, to guarantee that this does not highly change, if height again will be changed with screw rod, screw rod can be pulled down, then, reset a length, again fix.This technology belongs to prior art.
Embodiment eight
See accompanying drawing 10, upper link 43 is provided with the high scale 431 for indicating height, and lower link 44 is provided with the lower scale 441 for mark height, and: when ball 3 is adsorbed in magnet, with the initial point of ball 3 scale that horizontal line is concordant bottom as scale.There is scale, facilitated measuring height.If wonder a certain section of height, can the registration of comprehensively high scale 431 and lower scale 441 learn.
Embodiment nine:
See accompanying drawing 11, cylinder 7 upper end beginning place is also fixedly connected with a taper cone barrel 73, taper cone barrel 73 upper end is provided with upper shed 731 that is circular, that enter for ball 3, taper cone barrel 73 lower end is provided with circular under shed 732, the edge of under shed 732 is fixedly connected with the edge of cylinder 7 upper end, and the diameter of upper shed 731 is slightly larger than the diameter of ball 3.The advantage of such design is: 1, guarantees that ball 3 enters cylinder 7,2 along vertical curve, if ball 3 does not have the axis of " aiming " cylinder 7, ball 3 cannot enter cylinder 7.See accompanying drawing 12, be used for expressing the shape of taper cone barrel 73.
Embodiment ten
See accompanying drawing 13, upper shed 731 is also provided with the impact sheet 74 slowed down for the ball 3 that causes to fall and break, it is circular for impacting sheet 74 outer ring, the outer ring impacting sheet 74 is fixedly connected with upper shed 731 edge, impact sheet 74 is uniform by thickness, flake, resilient material are made, impact sheet 74 inner ring is provided with the hole in homogeneous radiation shape, being centrally located at of hole: the axis of cylinder 7.These radial holes, define multiple lower sheeting 741 being used for applying resistance.Impact sheet 74 to make with thin steel disc, also can make with sheet rubber.
The benefit of such design is: after ball 3 enters dsah-pot 71, and the change in resistance be subject to is enough not large, and (in fact, the resistance that ball 3 is subject in dsah-pot 71 has fluctuation, and even the direction of resistance also can from becoming straight down straight up.) in order to make change in resistance more obvious, one can be arranged and impact sheet 74, the resistance impacting sheet 74 applying is different with the resistance that dsah-pot 71 applies, and the change in resistance that ball 3 is subject to is obvious.
When ball 3 enters and impacts sheet 74, lower sheeting 741 deformation downwards, various equivalent modifications should be known, select suitable impact sheet 74 size, cylinder 7 can be entered to make ball 3, if select the impact sheet 74 that area is too little, it is inner that ball 3 cannot clamp-on taper cone barrel 73, more cannot enter cylinder 7 inner.
Embodiment 11
Embodiment eight has a deficiency: after adjustment height, directly cannot read height from scale, can only: the part reading high scale 431, then the part reading lower scale 441, then, calculate difference in height.This brings inconvenience to reading.If design one: after flexible, the retractor device of scale reading inconvenience, just can address this problem.
Accompanying drawing 15 is exactly such device, and Figure 15 is the structural representation of this device.After this device is flexible, when reading, do not need to calculate upper and lower scale.
A side of upper link 43 is provided with the groove 82 of vertical direction, is provided with the tooth bar 81 for driven wheel 93 in groove 82;
Lower link 44 is provided with a housing, a face of housing be provided with overhanging for gear 93, with the elongated hole 94 making gear 93 and tooth bar 81 engage, the side being provided with elongated hole 94 and the side laminating being provided with groove 82,
Be provided with one in the housing of lower link 44 for determining the rotating shaft of gear 93 pivot center, this rotating shaft place axis is horizontal direction,
Also is provided with first its shaft axis of stretching pulley 91, second stretching pulley 92, first stretching pulley 91, second stretching pulley 92 in the housing of lower link 44 and is horizontal direction, and this shaft axis is vertical with the shaft axis of gear 93,
Also be provided with: with the driving-belt 95 of the first stretching pulley 91, second stretching pulley 92 synchronous axial system,
Gear 93 drives the first stretching pulley 91 to rotate by gearing 97,
Housing is provided with reading opening 96 to make driving-belt 95 face visual, in visual range: driving-belt 95 place plane is perpendicular, and driving-belt 95 direction of motion is vertical direction; And: lower link 44 speed vertically and driving-belt 95 speed vertically etc. is large, oppositely,
Reading opening 96 place plane and elongated hole 94 place plane orthogonal,
Lower link 44 is provided with the lower scale 441 for mark height, and this scale marks in driving-belt 95, upper link 43 is provided with the high scale 431 for indicating height, and high scale 431 is identical with the scale numerical value that lower scale 441 marks in scale overlapping region, and: when ball 3 is adsorbed in magnet, with the initial point of ball 3 scale that horizontal line is concordant bottom as scale.
Figure 16,17 is partial enlarged drawings.Figure 18,19 is constitutional diagrams of upper link 43, lower link 44, and Figure 20 is the partial enlarged drawing of Figure 19.
Explain:
A side of upper link 43 is provided with the groove 82 of vertical direction, and be provided with the tooth bar 81 for driven wheel 93 in groove 82, optimal way is: tooth bar 81 is arranged at the bottom surface of groove 82.
Also be provided with: with the driving-belt 95 of the first stretching pulley 91, second stretching pulley 92 synchronous axial system, so-called synchronous axial system, means non-slip, and that is, there is identical linear velocity in the place that driving-belt 95 contacts with stretching pulley.
Gear 93 drives the first stretching pulley 91 to rotate by gearing 97, explain: 1, in other words allow the first stretching pulley 91 as driving wheel, allow the second stretching pulley 92 as engaged wheel, 2, allow gear 93 rotate, drive stretching pulley, thus driving-belt 95 is moved, this not only belongs to prior art, also belongs to the technical scheme that those of ordinary skill is just known.
Housing is provided with reading opening 96 to make driving-belt 95 face visual, explains: if do not have reading opening 96, housing will shelter from driving-belt 95.Driving-belt 95 can be arranged on enclosure interior, also can spill housing from reading opening 96.A trough also can be set, allow driving-belt 95 be stuck in inside trough and move.In other words: all right: housing arranges and is used for retraining driving-belt 95, making driving-belt 95 keep conplane draw-in groove.
In visual range: driving-belt 95 place plane is perpendicular, and driving-belt 95 direction of motion is vertical direction; Explaining: in not visible scope, driving-belt 95 place plane can not be perpendicular, such as in order to allow driving-belt 95 stagger gear 93, some rotor wheels can be added.So emphasize: " in visual range ".
Lower link 44 speed vertically and driving-belt 95 speed vertically etc. is large, oppositely, explain: lower link 44 up moves x centimetre, and the driving-belt 95 in visual range will down move x centimetre.Although this belongs to functional statement, such design belongs to those skilled in the art does not need creative work just can complete, as long as arrange certain ratio of gear, just can obtain such technique effect.
Lower link 44 is provided with the lower scale 441 for mark height, and this scale marks in driving-belt 95, upper link 43 is provided with the high scale 431 for indicating height, and high scale 431 is identical with the scale numerical value that lower scale 441 marks in scale overlapping region, and: when ball 3 is adsorbed in magnet, with the initial point of ball 3 scale that horizontal line is concordant bottom as scale.Explain: see accompanying drawing 21,22, these two accompanying drawings are two diverse locations of lower link 44, such as, Figure 21, the scale 10 of lower link 44 and the scale 10 of upper link 43 align, and the scale 15 of lower link 44 and the scale 15 of upper link 43 align; After lower link 44 up moves one end distance, driving-belt 95 synchronously down moves, scale is still overlapped: see Figure 22, the scale 10 of lower link 44 and the scale 10 of upper link 43 still align, and the scale 15 of lower link 44 and the scale 15 of upper link 43 still align.So just do not need just directly to obtain altitude reading by calculating.
Various equivalent modifications should be known, upper link 43 of the present invention, lower link 44 is used for determining fixed head 41 after can also being provided with flexible putting in place, the locking device of shelf 42 height, alternatively: upper link 43, lower link 44 is also provided with for locking upper link 43, lower link 44, to make upper link 43, the locking device that lower link 44 forms a fixed connection, such as determine after collapsing length, link 43 and lower link 44 is connected with screw rod, to guarantee that this does not highly change, if height again will be changed, screw rod can be pulled down, then, reset a length, again fix.The device of locking telescopic mounting belongs to routine techniques means, so do not write in scope that this patent will protect, also has screw rod to fix a lot of device like housing, and these screw rods also need not write in the scope that patent will protect.Locking device can be such: upper link 43 offers two strip holes, these separation groove 82 both sides, two strip holes, and these two strip holes are all vertically offered, lower link 44 offer multiple corresponding with strip hole, for the screw hole through screw rod, time fixing, screw rod through screw hole and strip hole, then, use nut screwing clamping.
Various equivalent modifications should be known, and in order to ensure time flexible, always change indentation or elongation along vertical direction, can also arrange chute, preferably dovetail groove, also be provided with the draw runner coordinated with chute.Chute and draw runner are all arrange along vertical direction.This is routine techniques means, does not describe in detail.
Various equivalent modifications should be known, and the driving-belt 95 that driving-belt 95 will adopt tensile deformation smaller is as far as possible made, because scale is labeled in driving-belt 95, if tensile deformation is larger, so, scale will be inaccurate.Can reduce error like this: 1, stretching pulley adopts the stretching pulley of gear type, and driving-belt 95 adopts the driving-belt 95 with perforation, like gear and the chain of common bicycle.Such design, not only ensure that synchronous, tensile deformation can also be made very little.2, before driving-belt 95 marks scale, just consider the elongation effect of driving-belt 95, such as, the scale of 1cm, when mark, marking path is 0.8cm, and when after stretching, the distance between these two scales is 1cm just.
Device described in embodiment four to embodiment 11, all can as the device of theorem of momentum under measurement acceleration of gravity, checking inotropic action.That is, the method of measurement acceleration of gravity of the present invention can any one embodiment device of stating, the method of theorem of momentum under checking inotropic action of the present invention, can adopt embodiment four to the device described in any one embodiment of embodiment 11.
Each embodiment described in this instructions can reasonably combinationally use.The measuring method of measurement acceleration of gravity of the present invention, gained acceleration of gravity relative error between 0.1%---0.2%, the method for theorem of momentum under described checking inotropic action, the difference of the momentum of gravity and the momentum of elastic force, compare the momentum of elastic force, relative error is between 0.1%---0.2%.There is the advantage that precision is high.
Device of the present invention, has several functions in dynamics research field, and measuring method of the present invention has precision high, easy to operate.
Claims (1)
1. the method measured gravity and accelerate, it is characterized in that: described method is applied to a kind of multifunction dynamic research device, described device, comprise: be fixedly installed, for measuring the force snesor of pulling force straight down, and: the probe of force snesor is fixedly connected with fixed head, fixed head is tabular, and fixed head place plane is surface level, fixed head lower surface is fixedly connected with electromagnet, electromagnet lower end is adsorbed with a ball for falling, ball is made up of soft magnetic material, also comprise the link that vertical direction is arranged, the upper end of link is fixedly connected with fixed head, the lower end of link is fixedly connected with shelf, shelf is tabular, shelf place plane is surface level,
Described method comprises:
The first step, to electromagnet energising, absorption ball, and keep ball static, the height measuring ball freely falling body is h; Force snesor starts to gather the data of pulling force suffered by it, and now pulling force suffered by sensor is a;
Second step, electromagnet power-off, ball falls; Suffered by sensor, pulling force becomes b from a, now engraves as t
1;
3rd step, ball hits shelf, and suffered by sensor, pulling force becomes c from b, now engraves as t
2;
4th step, using h as the height of freely falling body, calculates t
2-t
1=t, with the time of t as freely falling body, utilizes:
Calculate the numerical value of acceleration of gravity.
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