CN1045036C - Digital communication system - Google Patents

Digital communication system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1045036C
CN1045036C CN92102955A CN92102955A CN1045036C CN 1045036 C CN1045036 C CN 1045036C CN 92102955 A CN92102955 A CN 92102955A CN 92102955 A CN92102955 A CN 92102955A CN 1045036 C CN1045036 C CN 1045036C
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China
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signal
data
data flow
signaling point
point
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CN92102955A
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CN1066946A (en
Inventor
大嶋光昭
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Panasonic Holdings Corp
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Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00—Television systems
    • H04N7/12—Systems in which the television signal is transmitted via one channel or a plurality of parallel channels, the bandwidth of each channel being less than the bandwidth of the television signal

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Two-Way Televisions, Distribution Of Moving Picture Or The Like (AREA)
  • Television Systems (AREA)
  • Digital Transmission Methods That Use Modulated Carrier Waves (AREA)
  • Transmitters (AREA)

Abstract

At the transmitter side of a signal transmission system, carrier waves are modulated according to an input signal for producing relevant signal points in a signal space diagram. The input signal is divided into two, first and second, data streams. The signal points are divided into signal point groups to which data of the first data stream are assigned. Also, data of the second data stream are assigned to the signal points of each signal point group. A difference in the transmission error rate between the first and second data streams is developed by shifting the signal points to other positions in the space diagram. At the receiver side of a signal transmission, the first and/or second data streams can be reconstructed from a received signal.

Description

Transmitting device
The present invention relates to a kind of transmitting device of using the method transmission of digital signals of modulated carrier.
In recent years, digital transmission unit obtains utilizing in various different field, and the development of digital image transmission technology is particularly surprising.
The transmission means of Digital Television comes into one's own recently, and now, the relaying digital tv transmission device between each broadcasting office only reaches the degree of part practicability.But in the near future, each state all will speed up and carries out terrestrial broadcasting and to the research work of satellite broadcasting.
In order to adapt to high consumption person's requirement, high definition TV (HDTV) broadcasting, pulse code modulation (pcm) music broadcast and provide the broadcasting of information and quality and quantity that fax (FAX) sends or the like broadcast service content all will be necessary further raising from now on, like this, in the frequency band that television broadcasting limits, just must increase amount of information, can the information transmitted transmission quantity in this frequency band according to technology limit increase at that time.The good news is that changing receiving system according to existing technology status can enlarge transinformation.
But from the viewpoint of broadcasting, public character is very important, thus before guaranteeing for a long time to look the existing rights and interests of hearer very important.When new broadcasting service began, existing broadcast receiver or television set must can be enjoyed this service, we can say over now, and the compatibility of the broadcast receiver between the new and old broadcasting service of the present and the future or the interchangeability of television set and broadcasting is most important.
The new transmission standard of Chu Xianing from now on, for example digital television broadcasting standard all requires to make the growth of amount of information can adapt to following social requirement and technological progress, and has interchangeability and compatibility between requirement and the existing receiving equipment.
Discussed the transmission means of television broadcasting above from the expansion of amount of information and compatible viewpoint.
Now the satellite broadcast of a kind of Digital Television that proposes be earlier with the TDM mode of 4 value PSK modulation the ntsc television signal multiplexingization that is compressed to about 6MbpS, again with the TV programme of the TSC-system formula of 4～20 channels of a relay amplifier transmission or the HDTV signal of a channel.In addition, a kind of HDTV terrestrial broadcasting mode of studying is the digital signal of the about 15MbpS of HDTV picture intelligence boil down to of a channel, re-use 16 or the 32QAM modulation system carry out terrestrial broadcasting.
At first, in satellite broadcast, the broadcast mode that proposes is in order merely to broadcast with original transmission means now, when playing the HDTV program of a channel, use the frequency band of the TSC-system formula of several channel strips, so exist the problem of the NTSC program that during the HDTV programming, can not receive several channels of broadcasting, we can say that broadcast receiver, the television set during NTSC and the HDTV broadcasting all do not have interchangeability and compatibility.Can also say the problem of not considering necessary amplification transinformation fully along with the technological progress in future.
Secondly, the HDTV terrestrial broadcasting mode of the original mode of studying at present only sends the original modulation system of HDTV signal with so-called 16QAM or 32QAM with chapter and verse.During existing analog signal broadcast transmission, even within the broadcasting service service range, also all certainly exist behind or low concave region or be subjected to the situation in the bad area of the accepting states such as interference of proximate television platform at building, in such area, existing when broadcasting with analog signal, though the debase of television image, but can picture reproducing, can receive TV programme.But, when broadcasting, just existing in such area with original Digital Television radiation pattern, image can not reappear fully, can not receive the serious problems of TV programme at all.Here the research topic that includes the essence of digital television broadcasting is fatal during digital television broadcasting is popularized, the problem that can not take into account.
The objective of the invention is to address the above problem, broadcasting of TSC-system formula and HDTV broadcasting compatibility are provided in the satellite broadcasting, and the transmitting device that in terrestrial broadcasting, reduces in the broadcast area area that can not received television signal significantly.
To achieve these goals, according to a kind of signal transmitting apparatus of the present invention, comprising:
A modulator, be used to modulate the carrier wave that has input signal, thereby produce modulated signal, a corresponding signaling point in m the signaling point in each symbolic representation that it had and the signal space diagram, wherein m is an integer, described modulator has a receiving mechanism, be used to receive first data flow that contains n value and the input signal of second data flow, m signaling point is divided into n signal point group, n value of first data flow divided a plurality of signaling points of tasking n signal point group and the data branch of second data flow being tasked each n signal point group respectively; With
A sender is for sending modulated signal;
It is characterized in that, described modulator has a shift mechanism, be used for each signaling point of received signal is moved on to other position of signal space diagram, make wantonly two spacings of adjoining between any two immediate signaling points of signal point group become 2d * S, thereby the signaling point of the m in the signal graph can be distinguished each other and come by the first threshold group that signal graph is divided into m district, n in the signal graph signaling point group can be distinguished each other and come by the second threshold group that more cursorily signal space diagram is divided into n district than the first threshold group, wherein 2d is m signaling point two spacings of adjoining between two approach signal points of signal point group when signal space diagram equidistantly disposes, and S is the displacement coefficient greater than 1.
According to this formation, first data set with n Value Data and second data set are imported as input signal, produce the distortion m value QAM mode modulating wave of signaling point with m value on the polar plot by the modulator of emitter, again the signaling point of this m value is divided into n group signal point group, this signal point group is separated into n data of first data set, m/n signaling point in this signal point group or sub signal point group are separated into each data of second data set, are launched transmitting by emitter then.According to circumstances also can send the 3rd data.
According to a kind of signal receiving device of the present invention, the signal of a corresponding signaling point in P signaling point of its each symbolic representation signal space diagram that confession reconstruct is received, P signaling point is divided into n signal point group, each signal point group contains P/n signaling point, the signal of being received contains branch and tasks first data flow of n signal point group and second data flow of dividing P/n signaling point tasking each n signal point group, and described signal receiving device comprises:
A demodulator, thereby draw reconstruct data for the signal that demodulation is received, demodulator has two elements, an element comes for by the second threshold group n signal point group being distinguished from each other, and the value of n signal point group making a distinction of demodulation is to obtain the reconstruct data of first data flow, another element for by the first threshold group distinguishing P/n signaling point of each n signal point group, thereby and the value of P/n the signaling point that makes a distinction in each n signal point group of confession demodulation obtain the reconstruct data of second data flow; With
An output circuit is for the reconstruct data of combination from first and second data flow of demodulator;
It is characterized in that, each signaling point of the signal received is moved on to other position in the signal space diagram, making the spacing between any two any two immediate signaling points that adjoin the signal point group is 2d * S, thereby the n in the signal graph signal point group can be distinguished from each other with the first threshold group and come, n in the signal graph signal point group can be distinguished from each other open with the second threshold group, wherein 2d is the spacing between immediate two signaling points of two signal point groups that adjoin when the signal space diagram intermediate reach disposes of P signaling point, and S is the displacement coefficient greater than 1; And
Demodulator has element to cancel second data flow for the error rate of transfer of data during greater than the predetermined errors rate, continues output first data flow simultaneously, thereby the information that is transmitted by first data flow only is provided.
According to top action step, when the same signal that receives from emitter, with large-scale antenna and and have the receiver of many-valued demodulation ability can demodulation first data set and second data set, and can receive first data set with small size antenna and receiver with a small amount of value demodulation ability.Like this, just can constitute compatible transmission system.At this moment, first data component is fitted on the low-frequency range TV signal of the low frequency component of NTSC or HDTV, and second data component is fitted on the high-frequency range TV signal of the high fdrequency component of HDTV, in this way, can receive the NTSC signal with receiver to same electric wave, and available receiver with many-valued demodulation ability receives the HDTV signal with a small amount of value demodulation ability.Thereby make digital broadcasting become possibility with NTSC and HDTV compatibility.
According to a kind of signal transmission system of the present invention, comprising again:
A signal transmitting apparatus, has a signal input circuit, a modulation circuit, this modulation circuit is for the input signal modulated carrier that comes with the signal input circuit feedback, thereby produce a corresponding modulated signal of signaling point in m signaling point of each symbolic representation signal space diagram, wherein m is an integer, with a transmitting circuit, be used to send modulated signal, wherein modulation circuit has an element for the input signal that receives first data flow and second data flow that contain n value, m signaling point is divided into n signal point group, n value of first data flow divided respectively task n signal point group, and the data branch of second data flow is tasked each signaling point of each n signal point group; With
A signal receiving device, an input circuit, a demodulator and an output circuit are arranged, input circuit is for the modulated signal that receives sender, the signal of P the corresponding signaling point of signaling point in each symbolic representation signal space diagram that demodulator confession demodulation is received, the signal that the output circuit output demodulator comes through demodulation.Wherein demodulator has an element for P signaling point is divided into n signal point group with the second threshold group, and the value of n signal point group of confession demodulation is to obtain the reconstruct data of first data flow, also have an element for P/n the signaling point of distinguishing with the first threshold group in each n the signal point group, and in each n signal point group of confession demodulation the value of a differentiable P/n signaling point to obtain the reconstruct data of second data flow;
It is characterized in that, described modulation circuit has a shift component, for other position that each signaling point of received signal is moved on in the signal space diagram, make the spacing between any two immediate signaling points of any two signal point groups become 2d * S, thereby P/n signaling point in each n the signal point group can be distinguished from each other open in signal space diagram with the first threshold group, n signal point group can be distinguished from each other open in signal space diagram with the second threshold group, wherein 2d is P signaling point two spacings of adjoining between two immediate signaling points of signal point group when the signal space diagram intermediate reach disposes, and S is greater than 1 and the displacement coefficient.
In this transmission system, the NTSC signal is sent as first data set, and the difference signal of HDTV and NTSC is sent as second data set, this just makes NTSC broadcasting and HDTV broadcasting in the satellite broadcasting have compatibility, and can realize the digital broadcasting that the amount of information increase is very big, and in the terrestrial broadcasting business, then have and can enlarge the covering range of receiving, elimination can not receive the remarkable result in the area of broadcasting.
Fig. 1 is the entire system pie graph of first embodiment of the invention transmitting device.
Fig. 2 is the block diagram of the transmitter 1 of the embodiment of the invention 1.
Fig. 3 is the polar plot that transmits of the embodiment of the invention 1.
Fig. 4 is the polar plot that transmits of the embodiment of the invention 1.
Fig. 5 is the signaling point coding assignment figure of the embodiment of the invention 1.
Fig. 6 is the signaling point group coding figure of the embodiment of the invention 1.
Fig. 7 is the code pattern of the signaling point in the signal point group of the embodiment of the invention 1.
Fig. 8 is the signal point group of the embodiment of the invention 1 and the code pattern of signaling point.
Fig. 9 is the threshold status figure of the signal point group that transmits of the embodiment of the invention 1.
Figure 10 is the polar plot of the distortion 16 value QAM of the embodiment of the invention 1.
Figure 11 is the antenna radius r of the embodiment of the invention 1 2With the graph of a relation of transmitting power than n.
Figure 12 is the distortion 64QAM signal point diagram of the embodiment of the invention 1.
Figure 13 is the antenna radius r of the embodiment of the invention 1 3Graph of a relation with transmitting power n.
Figure 14 is the distortion 64QAM ensemble of the embodiment of the invention 1 and the polar plot of sub signal point group.
Figure 15 is the ratio A of the distortion 64QAM of the embodiment of the invention 1 1, A 2Key diagram.
Figure 16 is the antenna radius r of the embodiment of the invention 1 2, r 3Compare n with transmitting power 16, n 64Graph of a relation.
Figure 17 is the block diagram of the digital transmitter of the embodiment of the invention 1.
Figure 18 is the 4PSK modulation signal space diagram of the embodiment of the invention 1.
Figure 19 is the first receiver block diagram of the embodiment of the invention 1.
Figure 20 is the 4PSK modulation signal space diagram of the embodiment of the invention 1.
Figure 21 is the second receiver block diagram of the embodiment of the invention 1.
Figure 22 is the distortion 16QAM signal vector figure of the embodiment of the invention 1.
Figure 23 is the distortion 64QAM signal vector figure of the embodiment of the invention 1.
Figure 24 is the flow chart of the embodiment of the invention 1.
Figure 25 (a) is the 8QAM signal vector figure of the embodiment of the invention 1, (b) is the 16QAM signal vector figure of the embodiment of the invention 1.
Figure 26 is the 3rd a receiver block diagram of the embodiment of the invention 1.
Figure 27 is the figure of the distortion 64QAM signaling point of the embodiment of the invention 1.
Figure 28 is the flow chart of the embodiment of the invention 1.
Figure 29 is the whole pie graph of the transmission system on the embodiment of the invention 3.
Figure 30 is the block diagram of the first picture coding device of the embodiment of the invention 3.
Figure 31 is the block diagram of first image decoder of the embodiment of the invention 3.
Figure 32 is the block diagram of second image decoder of the embodiment of the invention 3.
Figure 33 is the block diagram of the 3rd image decoder of the embodiment of the invention 3.
Figure 34 is the D of the embodiment of the invention 3 1, D 2, D 3The time-multiplexedization key diagram of signal.
Figure 35 is the D of the embodiment of the invention 3 1, D 2, D 3The key diagram of time-multiplexedization of signal.
Figure 36 is the D of the embodiment of the invention 3 1, D 2, D 3The key diagram of time-multiplexedization of signal.
Figure 37 is the entire system pie graph of the transmitting device on the embodiment of the invention 4.
Figure 38 is the polar plot of the distortion 16QAM signaling point on the embodiment of the invention 3.
Figure 39 is the polar plot of the distortion 16QAM signaling point of the embodiment of the invention 3.
Figure 40 is the distortion 64QAM signal vector figure of the embodiment of the invention 3.
Figure 41 is the signal configuration figure on the time shaft of the embodiment of the invention 3.
Figure 42 is the signal configuration figure on the time shaft of TDMA mode of the embodiment of the invention 3.
Figure 43 is the carrier recovery circuit block diagram of the embodiment of the invention 3.
Figure 44 is that the carrier wave of the embodiment of the invention 3 recovers schematic diagram.
Figure 45 is the block diagram of carrier recovery circuit of the counter modulation mode of the embodiment of the invention 3.
Figure 46 is the signaling point allocation plan of the 16QAM signal of the embodiment of the invention 3.
Figure 47 is the signaling point allocation plan of the 64QAM signal of the embodiment of the invention 3.
Figure 48 is the block diagram of carrier recovery circuit of 16 frequency multiplication modes of the embodiment of the invention 3.
Figure 49 is the D of the embodiment of the invention 3 U1, D H1, D U2, D H2, D U3, D H3The time-multiplexedization key diagram of signal.
Figure 50 is the D of the embodiment of the invention 3 U1, D H2, D U2, D H2, D U3, D H3The key diagram of time-multiplexedization of the TDMA mode of signal.
Figure 51 is the D of the embodiment of the invention 3 U1, D H1, D U2, D H2, D U3, D H3The key diagram of time-multiplexedization of the TDMA mode of signal.
Figure 52 is the reception interference region figure of the original mode of the embodiment of the invention 4.
Reception interference region figure when Figure 53 is the hierarchical broadcast mode of the embodiment of the invention 4.
Figure 54 is the reception interference region figure of the original mode of the embodiment of the invention 4.
Reception interference region figure when Figure 55 is the hierarchical broadcast mode of the embodiment of the invention 4.
Figure 56 is the reception interference region figure of 2 platforms of digital radio stations of the embodiment of the invention 4.
Figure 57 is the signaling point allocation plan of the distortion 4ASK signal of the embodiment of the invention 5.
Figure 58 is the signaling point allocation plan of the distortion 4ASK signal of the embodiment of the invention 5.
Figure 59 (a) is the signaling point allocation plan of the distortion 4ASK of the embodiment of the invention 5.
(b) be the signaling point allocation plan of the distortion 4ASK of the embodiment of the invention 5.
Figure 60 is the signaling point allocation plan of the distortion 4ASK signal under the low c/n value situation of the embodiment of the invention 5.
Figure 61 is the transmitter-side block diagram of the embodiment of the invention 5.
Figure 62 (a) is the histogram of the ASK modulation signal of the embodiment of the invention 5.
(b) be the histogram of the ASK modulation signal of the embodiment of the invention 5.
Figure 63 is the receiver block diagram of the embodiment of the invention 5.
Figure 64 is the visual signal transmitter block diagram of the embodiment of the invention 5.
Figure 65 is the whole block diagram of the television receiver of the embodiment of the invention 5.
Figure 66 is other television receiver block diagram of the embodiment of the invention 5.
Figure 67 is the satellite of the embodiment of the invention 5, the block diagram of terrestrial television receiver.
Figure 68 is the signaling point allocation plan of the 8ASK signal of the embodiment of the invention 5.
Figure 69 is other a block diagram of the picture coding device of the embodiment of the invention 5.
Figure 70 is the block diagram of a picture coding device of the split circuit of the embodiment of the invention 5.
Figure 71 is the image decoder block diagram of the embodiment of the invention 5.
Figure 72 is an image decoder block diagram of the synthesizer of the embodiment of the invention 5.
Figure 73 is the time deploy diagram that transmits of the embodiment of the invention 5.
Figure 74 (a) is the block diagram of the image decoder of the embodiment of the invention 5.
(b) be the time deploy diagram that transmits of the embodiment of the invention 5.
Figure 75 is the time deploy diagram that transmits of the embodiment of the invention 5.
Figure 76 is the time deploy diagram that transmits of the embodiment of the invention 5.
Figure 77 is the time deploy diagram that transmits of the embodiment of the invention 5.
Figure 78 is the image decoder block diagram of the embodiment of the invention 5.
Figure 79 is 3 grades of time deploy diagrams that transmit of the embodiment of the invention 5.
Figure 80 is the image decoder block diagram of the embodiment of the invention 5.
Figure 81 is the time deploy diagram that transmits of the embodiment of the invention 5.
Figure 82 is the D of the embodiment of the invention 5 1The image decoder block diagram.
Figure 83 is the frequency-time diagram of the FM signal of the embodiment of the invention 5.
Figure 84 is the block diagram of the magnetic recording/reproducing device of the embodiment of the invention 5.
Figure 85 is the C/N of the embodiment of the invention 2 and the graph of a relation of classification number.
Figure 86 is the transmission range of the embodiment of the invention 2 and the graph of a relation of C/N.
Figure 87 is the transmitter-side block diagram of the embodiment of the invention 2.
Figure 88 is the receiver block diagram of the embodiment of the invention 2.
Figure 89 is the C/N of the embodiment of the invention 2 and the graph of a relation of the error rate.
Figure 90 is that 3 grades of the embodiment of the invention 5 receive interference region figure.
Figure 91 is that 4 grades of the embodiment of the invention 6 receive interference region figure.
Figure 92 is the hierarchical transmission figure of the embodiment of the invention 6.
Figure 93 is the split circuit block diagram of the embodiment of the invention 6.
Figure 94 is the synthetic level block diagram of the embodiment of the invention 6.
Figure 95 is the transmission hierarchy figure of the embodiment of the invention 6.
Figure 96 is the accepting state figure of former mode digital television broadcasting.
Figure 97 is the accepting state figure of the Digital Television hierarchical broadcast of the embodiment of the invention 6.
Figure 98 is the transmission hierarchy figure of the embodiment of the invention 6.
Figure 99 is the polar plot of the 16SRQAM of the embodiment of the invention 3.
Figure 100 is the polar plot of the 32SRQAM of the embodiment of the invention 3.
Figure 101 is the graph of a relation of the C/N-error rate of the embodiment of the invention 3.
Figure 102 is the graph of a relation of the C/N-error rate of the embodiment of the invention 3.
Figure 103 is the displacement n of the embodiment of the invention 3 and the C/N graph of a relation of the necessity in the transmission.
Figure 104 is the displacement n of the embodiment of the invention 3 and the C/N graph of a relation of the necessity in the transmission.
When Figure 105 is the terrestrial broadcasting of the embodiment of the invention 3 from the graph of a relation of the distance and the signal level of transmitting antenna.
Figure 106 is the coverage diagram of the 32SRQAM of the embodiment of the invention 3.
Figure 107 is the coverage diagram of the 32SRQAM of the embodiment of the invention 3.
Embodiment 1
One embodiment of the present of invention are described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 represents the entire system figure of transmitting device of the present invention.Transmitter 1 is by input stage 2, split circuit 3, and modulator 4 and emitting stage 5 are formed.Split circuit 3 is separated into the first data set D to the input signal of a plurality of multiplexingization 1, the second data set D 2With the 3rd data set D 3Modulate by modulator 4.Emitting stage 5 is exported modulation signal, through transmission path 7 this modulation signal is transmitted into artificial satellite 10 by antenna 6.The antenna of artificial satellite 10 receives this signal, is transmitted on the earth by antenna 13 after transponder 12 amplifies again.
The emission electric wave sends to first receiver, 23, the second receivers 33 and the 3rd receiver 43 through transmission path 21,31,41.From input stage 24 input signals, demodulator 25 is demodulation first data set only through antenna 22 for first receiver 23, after this by output stage 26 outputs.At this moment, the ability that does not possess second, third data set of demodulation.
Second receiver 33 through antenna 32 by the signal of input stage 34 input again by demodulator 35 first, second data set demodulation, synthesize a data set by synthesizer 37, then by output stage 36 outputs.
At the 3rd receiver 43, input signal is input to input stage 44 by antenna 42, and demodulator 45 is demodulated to three data sets to first, second, third data set, synthesizes a data group by synthesizer 47, again by output stage 46 outputs.
Three above-mentioned receivers had both made the electric wave of reception from the identical frequency band of same transmitter 1, because the performance difference of their demodulator, the amount of information of reception may be also different.Just because of this, for the different receiver of performance, just can transmit three information that compatibility is arranged that adapt with its performance simultaneously with a frequency band.For example: the situation of transmitting TSC-system formula, HDTV and three kinds of digital television signals of ultrahigh resolution TV of same program, earlier the ultrahigh resolution TV signal is separated into low frequency component, high frequency difference frequency component and hyperfrequency difference component, they are corresponded respectively to first, second and the 3rd data set, like this, just can broadcast simultaneously and have compatible middle definition, high definition and three kinds of digital television signals of ultrahigh resolution with the frequency band of a channel.
In this case, use small size antenna and the little receiver of demodulation amount can receive the ntsc television signal, use the middle value demodulated received machine of medium-sized antenna can receive the HDTV signal, and use can carrying out volume value demodulated received machine and can receiving the ultrahigh resolution TV signal of large-scale antenna.Further specify Fig. 1, the 51st, the digital transmitter of the digital television broadcasting of TSC-system formula, the data that 52 inputs of input stage are identical with first data group, by modulator 54 modulation, send on the satellite 10 through transmission path 57 by emitting stage 55 and antenna 56 again, be sent back on the earth again through transmission path 58.
Signal with first receiver 23 receives from digital transmitter 1 receiving signal demodulation, demodulates the data that are equivalent to first data set by modulator 24.Equally, second receiver 33 and 43 data demodulates with the first data set identical content of the 3rd receiver are come out.In a word, three receivers also can receive the digital broadcasting of digitized general television broadcasting etc.
Various piece below is described.
Fig. 2 is the block diagram of transmitter 1.
Input signal is input to input stage 2, is separated into the first data set signal, the second data set signal and three digital signals of the 3rd data set signal with split circuit 3.
The situation of input image signal for example, the high fdrequency component that the low frequency component of picture intelligence is assigned as the first data set signal, picture intelligence is assigned as the second data set signal, and the hyperfrequency component of picture intelligence is assigned as the 3rd data set signal.Three separated signals are input to the modulation input stage 61 of modulator 4 inside, in modulator 4, two carrier waves of quadrature are carried out amplitude modulation respectively, obtain many-valued QAM signal.Come the signal of automodulation input stage 61 to be sent to first amplitude modulator 62 and second amplitude modulator 63, one that is produced by carrier generator 64 for the carrier wave of Cos (2 π fct) carries out amplitude modulation(PAM) by first amplitude modulator 62, delivers to synthesizer 65 then.After also having a carrier wave to send into pi/2 phase shifter 66 to carry out 90 ° of phase shifts, deliver to second amplitude modulator 63,, synthesize second amplitude-modulated wave at synthesizer 65 through behind the many-valued amplitude modulation(PAM) with the state of Sin (2 π fct), by emitting stage 5 as transmitting output.Because this mode is the same with original execution mode, so omitted detailed description.
Below the first quartile with 16 of Fig. 3 general QAM signal space diagrams illustrates action.The whole signals that produce with modulator 4 can be represented with the resultant vector of 82 two vectors of vector of the vector 81 of two carrier wave ACos2 π fct of quadrature and BSin2 π fct.Front end since the resultant vector at zero point is defined as signaling point, so under the situation of 16 value QAM, by a 1, a 2, a 3, a 4Four amplitudes and b 1, b 2, b 3, b 4The combination of four amplitudes can be set 16 signaling points altogether.There are four signals, the i.e. C of signaling point 83 on the first quartile of Fig. 3 11, signaling point 84 C 12, signaling point 85 C 22C with signaling point 86 21
C 11Be vector o-a 1With vector o-b 1Resultant vector, C so 11=a 1Cos2 π fct-b 1Sin2 π fct=ACos (2 π fct+ α pi/2)
Here o-a on the quadrature coordinate 1Between distance definition be A 1, a 1-a 2Between the distance be A 2, o-b 1Between the distance be B 1, b 1-b 2Between the distance be B 2, all be illustrated on the figure.
Fig. 4 expresses whole polar plots, always has 16 signaling points, like this, according to the information of each point corresponding to 4 bits, is in the time slot at one-period, can carry out the transmission of 4 bit informations.
The example of the general layout when Fig. 5 represents to represent each signaling point with 2 systems.
Certainly, the distance between each signaling point is far away more, the easy more difference in receiver aspect, so, be provided with the distance between each signaling point greatly as far as possible generally speaking.When specified signaling point spacing is provided with nearerly, just difficult in the identification of receiver place point-to-point transmission, the error rate is degenerated.Therefore, generally speaking as shown in Figure 5 uniformly-spaced the configuration be considered to best.So general under the situation of 16QAM, A is got in the configuration of signaling point 1=1/2A 2
Under the situation of transmitter 1 of the present invention, at first data separating is become first data set and second data set, according to circumstances can be separated into the 3rd data set again.And, as shown in Figure 6,16 signaling points or signal point group are separated into four signal point groups, at first 4 data of first data set are assigned to each signal point group.Any is launched in four signaling points of the first signal point group 91 of the first quartile 11 of first data set in other words, from the secondary signal point group 92 of second quadrant 01, the value of optional correspondence second data set is launched in four signaling points of each in the 3rd signal point group 93 of third quadrant 00 and the 4th signal point group 94 of four-quadrant 10.Then under the situation of 16QAM, 4 bits of 2 bits of second data set, 4 data, following second data set of 64QAM situation, 16 data are assigned in 4 signaling points or sub signal point group in each separation signal point group of 91,92,93,94, as shown in Figure 7.Like this, which quadrant has all disposed signaling point.2 Bit datas of first data group preferentially determine the distribution of signaling point 91,92,93,94, and like this, 2 bits of first data set and 2 bits of second data set just can be launched fully independently.And, if the antenna sensitivity of receiver surpasses certain value, even use 4PSK receiver also can demodulation first data set.If antenna has higher sensitivity, with distortion 16QAM receiver of the present invention can demodulation the first and second two data groups.
The example of having represented 2 Bit Allocation in Discrete of 2 bits of first data set and second data set on Fig. 8.
At this moment, the HDTV signal is divided into low frequency component and high fdrequency component, low-frequency image signal is assigned to first data set, and the high-frequency image signal allocation to second data set, receiving system with 4PSK is reappeared the NTSC image that is equivalent to first data set, and reappearing the first and second two data sets with the receiving system of 16QAM or 64QAM, they are added up just can obtain the HDTV image.
Being under equidistant situation between signaling point shown in Figure 9,, between first quartile and the part represented with oblique line, there is a threshold distance from the 4PSK receiver.If threshold distance is set to ADuring To, then only launch 4PSK, AThe amplitude of To still is passable.If but keep AAlso to launch 16QAM in the time of To, just must have 3 AThe amplitude of To that is to say and wants 3 double amplitude values, that is: compare with the situation of emission 4PSK, must have 9 times energy to launch.As if what do not consider, and launch the 4PSK signaling point with the 16QAM pattern, then power utilization is just very low, and it is also very difficult that carrier wave recovers.Under the situation of satellite transmits, utilizable power is limited, and under the prerequisite that the transmitting power of satellite does not increase, the system that this power utilization is low is unpractical.In the future, when Digital Television is gone on the air, giving meter 4PSK receiver will go on the market in a large number, in case after popularizing, because the problem of receiver compatibility takes place, we can say that the sensitivity that improves these receivers again is impossible.So the transmitting power of 4PSK pattern can not reduce, for this reason, during with 16QAM pattern simulation emission 4PSK signaling point, give that in respect of necessity transmitting power is dropped to below the original 16QAM mode, otherwise just can not launch with limited satellite power.
The invention is characterized in the distance of four separation signal point groups 91～94 of Figure 10 is drawn back that this just can reduce the transmitting power of simulation 4PSK type 16QAM modulation.
In order to illustrate the relation of receiving sensitivity and emission power output, return Fig. 1, the receive mode of the digital transmitter 51 and first receiver 23 is described.
At first use digital transmitter 51 and the general transmitting device of first receiver 23.One comprise transfer of data or broadcasting in interior picture transmission.Digital transmitter 51 shown in Figure 17 is 4PSK transmitters, is the transmitter that removes the demodulation function from the many-valued QAM transmitter 1 of Fig. 2 explanation.Input signal is delivered to modulator 54 through input stage 52, input stage 121 by modulator 54 is divided into two signals to input signal, deliver to respectively reference carrier is carried out the 2-2 phase-modulation circuit 123 that the 1-2 phase-modulation circuit 122 of phase modulated and modulation and reference carrier phase differ from 90 ° carrier wave, synthetic by synthesizer 65 again these two phase-modulated waves, send by emitting stage 55 then.
At this moment modulation signal space diagram is illustrated on Figure 18.
Set four signaling points, in order to improve power utilization, general general knowledge is the interval of the distance setting between signaling point for equating.For example: definition signal point 125 is (11), and signaling point 126 is (01), and signaling point 127 is (00), and signaling point 128 is the situation of (10).At this moment, 4PSK receiver 23 just requires the output of digital transmitter 51 will surpass certain amplitude in order to receive sufficient data.Illustrate with Figure 18, if the minimum amplitude that minimum necessity is transmitted is 0-a 1Between distance be decided to be ATo, because first receiver, 23 usefulness 4PSK receive the signal of digital transmitter 51, so, if transmit above the lowest amplitude of emission edge ATo, first receiver 23 just can receive.
First receiver 23 is described below.Signal that is sent by transmitter 1 or the 4PSK signal that sent by digital transmitter 51 receive through the transponder 12 of satellite 10 small size antenna 22 by first receiver 23, and demodulator 24 carries out demodulation to the signals that receive as the 4PSK signal.First receiver 23 was 4PSK or the 2PSK signal that receives digital transmitter 51 originally, and it is designed to signals such as receiving digital television broadcast signal and data transmission.
Figure 19 is the formation block diagram of first receiver, antenna 22 receives the electric wave from satellite 12, after this signal is imported by input stage 24, by carrier recovery circuit 131 and pi/2 phase shifter 132 carrier wave and quadrature carrier are recovered, carry out detection separately by first phase detection circuit 133 and 134 pairs of quadrature components of second phase detection circuit respectively, distinguish recognition time gap individually by timing sampling circuit 135, first data set recovers level 232 two restituted signals being separated by the first identification restore circuit 136 and the second identification restore circuit 137 is demodulated to first data set, then by output stage 26 outputs.
At this polar plot with Figure 20 received signal is described, the 4PSK emission electric wave according to digital transmitter 51 represented with 151 of Figure 20～154 4 signaling point by the signal that first receiver 23 receives, but transmission distortion and noise conditions all is very unfavorable.
Yet, be distributed in a certain definite scope around the signaling point by the received signal points of the influence of the amplitude distortion of noise on the transmission path and transmission system and phase distortion, owing to can not differentiate from getting very near adjacent signaling point, so the error rate increases gradually, when surpassing certain setting range, data just can not be recovered.Can set the distance between adjacent signaling point, even make under the worst condition, also can demodulation within the error rate of setting, this distance definition is 2 ARo.If the signaling point 151 when the critical reception of 4PSK is imported enters into Figure 20's | 0- aR 1| 〉= AR 0, | 0- bR 1| 〉= AR 0Oblique line represent first differentiate district 155, and transmission system can also the reinsertion of carrier, so just can also carry out demodulation, if the minimum of antenna 22 setting radius is r 0, the output that then transmits is as long as surpass certain determined value, and whole system just can receive.With the minimum reception amplitude of 4PSK of setting first receiver 23 AR 0The same, set the amplitude that transmits on Figure 18, this minimum emission amplitude is defined as ATo.Like this, if the radius of antenna 22 surpasses r 0Even, so under the worst condition of acceptance, the signal that first receiver also can demodulation digital transmitter 51.When receiving distortion 16QAM of the present invention, 64QAM, first receiver, 23 reinsertions of carrier are just very difficult.For this reason, shown in Figure 25 (a), 8 signaling points of configuration are sent by transmitter 1 on the position of angle (π/4+n pi/2), use the mode of 4 frequencys multiplication just can the reinsertion of carrier so.In addition, shown in Figure 25 (b), 16 signaling points of configuration on the extended line of the angle of n π/8 adopt the mode reinsertion of carrier of 16 frequencys multiplication in carrier recovery circuit 131, by signal attenuation, just can easily recover to simulate 4PSK type 16QAM modulation signal.At this moment A 1/ (A 1+ A 2)=tg (π/8) if set the signaling point of transmitter 1, just can launch.
Then, return transmitter 1, illustrate with the polar plot of Fig. 9 transmitter 1 16PSK transmit the horizontal direction amplitude of the vector A of signaling point 83 1The minimum emission output of 4PSK greater than the digital transmitter 51 of Figure 18 ATo, like this, but the signal of the signaling point 83,84,85,86 of the first quartile on Fig. 9 just all drops into the receiving area 87 shown in the oblique line, first receiver 23 is when receiving these signals, these four signaling points just fall into Figure 20 the reception polar plot first differentiate the district, so in the signaling point 83,84,85,86 of Fig. 9 which first receiver 23 no matter receive, all be judged to be the signaling point 151 of Figure 20, and demodulating data (11) in the gap at this moment.As shown in Figure 8, these data are exactly (11) of the first separation signal point group 91 of transmitter 1, that is first data set (11).Second and third, four-quadrant situation too, first data set is come out by demodulation.In a word, first receiver 23 becomes first data set, 2 Bit datas in a plurality of data sets of the modulation signal that can only demodulation be sent by the transmitter 1 of 16QAM or 32QAM or 64QAM.At this moment, because the signal of second and third data set all is included in first～the 4th separation signal point group 91, so the signal demodulation of first data set is unaffected.But the recovery to carrier wave is influential, so Corresponding Countermeasures described later must be arranged.
If the hard-core words of output of the transponder of satellite, common 16～64QAM mode of the equidistant mode of original signal point as shown in Figure 9 can realize, but, different with above-mentioned terrestrial transmission, in satellite transmits, when satellite weight increased, cost just increased considerably, so the limit of the output limit of satellite repeater and solar cell power has all limited transmitting power.Unless because technological progress makes the launch cost of rocket reduce, otherwise this state temporarily also will continue.When the transmitting power of communication satellite was about 20W, broadcasting satellite was about 100～200W, therefore, and during the 16QAM transmission 4PSK of the equidistant mode of signaling point of usefulness Fig. 9, because the amplitude 2A of 16QAM 1=A 2So amplitude will reach 3 ATo shows to be exactly 9 times power with wattmeter.In order to make it have compatibility, 9 times power that just must 4PSK.Simultaneously, want to make first receiver of 4PSK also can receive with small size antenna, it is very difficult will reaching such transmitting power on the satellite in the design now.For example the system for 40W must become 360W, and from the angle of economy, this is impossible realize.
At this, imagine under the identical situation of the antenna size of whole receivers, if transmitting power is identical, external group of equidistant signaling point mode (other places kind) efficient still is good.But the system altogether of receiver group of the antenna that imagination varies in size just can constitute new transmission means.
Be exactly to use small size antenna, simply, receiving system receives 4PSK cheaply specifically, recipient's number just increases.Use the high-performance of medium-sized antenna, expensive many-valued demodulate reception system, just can receive 16QAM, corresponding to equipment investment, this HDTV will carry out the high price service business, receives object and only limits to specific recipient, can set up as system.Like this, just can realize that the classification of 4PSK and 16QAM (also 64DMA can be arranged according to condition) sends as long as increase transmitting power.
For example, as shown in Figure 10, signaling point is taken as A at interval 1=A 2, so just can reduce whole emission power output.At this moment the amplitude A (4) for emission 4PSK signal can represent that its size is 2A with vector 95 1 2Square root.Available vector 96 expressions of whole amplitude A (16), its value is (A 1+ A 2) 2+ (B 1+ B 2) 2Square root.
That is: | A (4) | 2=A 1 2+ B 1 2= ATo 2+ ATo 2=2 ATo 2
｜A(16)｜ 2=(A 1+A 2) 2+(B 1+B 2) 2=4 ATo 2
+4 ATo 2=8 ATo 2
｜A(16)｜/｜A(4)｜=2
In a word, 2 double amplitude values in the time of can using emission 4PSK signal, just 4 times emitted energy is launched.Common receiver with equidistant signaling point transmission can not carry out the 16QAM demodulation, sets out A but give 1And A 2Threshold value just can receive with second receiver 33.Under the situation of Figure 10, the beeline of signaling point is A in the first separation signal point group 91 2, distance is 2A between the 4PSK signaling point 1, ratio between two is A 2/ 2A 1, by A 1=A 2Know this beeline be exactly between signaling point distance 1/2, when reaching the identical error rate, 2 times amplitude receiving sensitivity just must be arranged, 4 times power receiving sensitivities.And, will make the radius r of the antenna 32 of second receiver 33 in order to reach 4 times of receiving sensitivities 2It is the radius r of the antenna 22 of first receiver 23 12 times, i.e. r 2=2r 1Just.For example, the antenna diameter of first receiver 23 is 30cm, the antenna of second receiver 33 is directly made 60cm just can realize receiving.If second data set distributed be the high fdrequency component of HDTV, owing to the demodulation of second data set, new broadcasting service service such as HDTV is play at same channel just becomes possibility.Because the service content multiplication, the recipient can the receiving unit broadcast service after the investment of balance antenna and receiver.Therefore, second receiver 33 also can be with expensive.At this,, use the A of Figure 10 in order to determine to receive the lowest transmit power of 4PSK pattern 1And A 2Ratio decide distortion 16APSK that the transmitting power of 4PSK is compared n 16Antenna radius r with second receiver 33 2
For carrying out optimal design, now once calculate, the { (A of the minimum necessary emitted energy of 4PSK 1+ A 2)/A 1} 2Doubly be defined as n 16, because the distance between the signaling point when receiving with distortion 16QAM is A 2, the distance between the signaling point when receiving with 4PSK is 2A 1, ratio between two is A 2/ 2A 1So the reception antenna radius is got and is made r 2The time, there is relation as shown in figure 11.The multiplying power n of curve 101 expression emitted energies 16Radius r with the antenna 32 of second receiver 33 2Relation.
Under the situation of the 16QAM that launches equidistant signaling point, as previously mentioned, must be unpractical so put 102 with 9 times emitted energy.Can clearly be seen that from the curve of Figure 11, even n 16Increase to more than 5 times the antenna radius r of second receiver 33 2So little also is not all right.
Under the satellite broadcasting situation, transmitting power is restricted, and can not surpass certain value, so wish n 16Below 5 times, this zone is the zone of representing with oblique line 103 on Figure 11.In this zone, for example put 104, transmitting power is 4 times, the antenna radius r of second receiver 33 2It is 2 times.In addition, the emitted energy of point 105 is 2 times, r 2Be approximately 5 times.These points are all within usage range.
n 16The little value A than 5 1And A 2Be expressed as:
n 16=((A 1+A 2)/A 1) 2≤5
A 2?≤1.23A 1
Known that by Figure 10 the distance between the separation signal point group is 2A (4), maximum amplitude is 2A (16), and A (4) and A (16)-A (4) is proportional to A 1And A 2Therefore also can be expressed as:
{A(16)} 2≤5{A(4)} 2
Below expression is with being out of shape the example that 64APSK modulates.The 3rd receiver 43 can demodulation 64QAM.
The polar plot of Figure 12 is the separation signal point group of the polar plot of Figure 10 is increased to 16 values from 4 values a situation, in the first separation signal point group 91 of Figure 12, by signaling point 170 beginnings 4 * 4=16 signaling point uniformly-spaced distributed, at this moment, for general, must set emission amplitude A with 4PSK 1〉= ATo.r 3Be defined as the antenna radius of the 3rd receiver 43, n 64Be defined as the emission output signal, can obtain the value of r3 equally, that is:
r 3 2={6 2/(n-1)}r 1 2
Figure 13 represents the radius r of 64QAM 3Curve chart with the relation of exporting multiple n.
; with the such configuration of Figure 12, when receiving by second receiver 33,2 bits that can only demodulation 4PSK; in order to make these three receiver compatibilities of first, second, third receiver, just wish to have on second receiver 33 function of demodulation from the 16QAM of distortion 64QAM modulating wave.
As shown in figure 14, carry out 3 grades of signaling point combinations and just can make three receiver compatibilities.First quartile only is described, sets forth the situation that the first separation signal point group 91 distributes 2 bits (11) of first data set.
2 bits (11) of second data set are assigned to the first secondary separation signal point group 181.(01), (00) and (10) is assigned to second, third and fourth officer separation signal point group 182,183 and 184 respectively.This is identical with Fig. 7.
Describe the signaling point configuration of the 3rd data set in detail with the polar plot of the first quartile of Figure 15, for example: signaling point 201,205,209,213 as (11), signaling point 202,206,210,214 conducts (01); Signaling point 203,207,211,215 is as (00); Signaling point 204,208,212,216 is as (10).Can be 2 Bit datas of the 3rd data set separately as first data, second data are transmitted, and 3 grade of 2 Bit data transmitted separately.
As feature of the present invention is not the data of only transmitting 6 bits, does not just transmit the data of the different transmission quantities of 2 bits, 4 bits, 6 bits with the receiver of three varying level performances yet, and can make between three hierarchical transmission and have compatibility.
Be here illustrated as and make three grades of transmission have the collocation method of compatible necessary signaling point.
As shown in figure 15, at first, in order to receive the data of first data set with first receiver 23, the front was chatted, make A 1〉= ATo.
Secondly, must guarantee the distance between signaling point, make the signaling point of second data set, can distinguish as the signaling point 182,183,184 of the secondary separation signal point group of the signaling point 91 of Figure 10 and Figure 15.
Figure 15 represents that distance is only at a distance of being 2/3A between signaling point 2Situation, in this case, distance just becomes A between the signaling point of the signaling point 201,202 of the inside of the first secondary separation signal point group 181 2/ 6.Necessary received energy when calculating 43 receptions of the 3rd receiver defines r this moment 3Be the radius of antenna 32, necessary emitted energy is the n of 4PSK emitted energy 64Doubly, so:
r 2 9=(12r 1) 2/(n-1)
This curve chart represents with the curve 221 of Figure 16, for example: the situation of point 222,223, if reach 6 times emitted energy of 4PSK emitted energy, will be with 8 sesquialters antenna directly.In addition, 9 times emitted energy will could first, second and third data set of demodulation with 6 times antenna.At this moment, since the signaling point of second data set between the distance near 2/3A 2, r 2Value be:
r 2 2=(3r 1) 2/ (n-1) like this, shown in curve 223 like that, the antenna 32 of second receiver 33 just is necessary to do greatly slightly.
In this way, in current satellites transmits power also very little period, can transmit first data set and second data set.After in the future satellites transmits power increases considerably, do not harm the reception data of first receiver 23 and second receiver 33, and need not to transform and just can transmit the 3rd data set.Like this, compatible and expansionary two aspects all obtain very big effect.
For accepting state is described, at first narrate since second receiver.Setting aforementioned first receiver 23 can be r with original radius 1The 4PSK modulation signal of small size antenna demodulation digital transmitter 51 and first data set of transmitter 1, to this, with second receiver 33 can perfect restitution transmitter 1 16 signaling points shown in Figure 10,2 bit signals of the 16QAM of second data set just.With first data combination together altogether can demodulation 4 bit signals.At this moment, A 1, A 2Ratio different different because of transmitter.The demodulation controlled stage 231 of this data setting, and threshold value delivered to demodulator circuit, so just can carry out the AM demodulation at Figure 21.
The second receiver block diagram of the block diagram of first receiver 23 of Figure 19 and Figure 21 is roughly the same, and difference is that antenna 32 has the bigger radius r of ratio antenna 22 2So it can the shorter signal of judgment signal dot spacing.Demodulator 35 inside have demodulation controlled stage 231, first data set to recover level 232 and second data set recovery level 233, first an identification restore circuit 136 and have the AM demodulation function of demodulation distortion 16QAM.In this case, each carrier wave all maintains 4 values and zero level ± each 2 value threshold value, and under situation of the present invention, for demodulation 16QAM signal, the transmitting power difference of transmitter, the threshold value of the signal vector figure of Figure 22 are also different, therefore, and TH 16As the threshold value of benchmark, as shown in Figure 22:
TH 16=(A 1+A 2/2)/(A 1+A 2)
This A 1, A 2Perhaps TH 16And the m of a many-valued modulation demodulating information is included in first data set and launched by transmitter 1, in addition, after demodulation controlled stage 231 is carried out statistical disposition to received signal, also produces the method for obtaining demodulating information.
When if this demodulating information is not known, the demodulation of second data set is difficulty just, and the flow chart with Figure 24 illustrates below.
Even do not obtain demodulating information, the demodulation of the 4PSK demodulation of step 313 and first data set of step 301 also can be carried out.And, in step 302, recover level 232 demodulating informations that obtain by first data set and deliver to demodulation controlled stage 231, if the m value of step 303 is 4 or 2, demodulation controlled stage so 231 is just carried out demodulation to the 4PSK or the 2PSK of step 313.If for not, and the m value of step 304 is 8 or 16 o'clock, then changes step 305 over to, if 305 not, step changes 310 over to, at step 305 calculating TH 8And TH 16In step 306, demodulation controlled stage 231 is the threshold value TH of AM demodulation 16Deliver to the first identification restore circuit 136 and the second identification restore circuit 137, in step 307,315 are out of shape the recovery of separating mediation second data set of 16QAM.In the step 308 verification error rate,, return step 313 again and carry out the 4PSK demodulation if the error rate is bad.
In this case, the signaling point 83,85 of Figure 22 is on Cos (the ω t+n pi/2) angle, and signaling point 84,86 is not on this angle, deliver to carrier recovery circuit 131 so the carrier wave of second data set is transmitted information from second data set recovery level 233 of Figure 21, and the timing signal of signaling point 84,86 is not taken a sample to carrier wave.
Suppose that second data set can not demodulation, transmitter 1 sends the carrier wave timing signal discontinuously according to first data set, even can not demodulation second data set with this signal, and only demodulates first data set, and signaling point 83,85 also is clearly.So, the information that carrier wave sends is delivered to carrier recovery circuit 131, carrier wave just can recover.
It below is the situation of transmitter 1 emission distortion 64QAM signal shown in Figure 23, get back to the flow chart of Figure 24, judge that in step 304 the m value is not 16, and check the m value whether less than 64 in step 310, when step 311 was not equidistant signaling point mode, step just went to 312.Obtain between the signaling point of distortion during 64QAM apart from TH at this 64
TH 64=(A 1+A 2/2)/(A 1+A 2)
This value and TH 16Identical, but the distance between signaling point diminishes.
Set between the signaling point in the first secondary separation signal point group 181 apart from being A 3, the distance of the first secondary separation signal point group 181 and the second secondary separation signal point group 182 is (A 2-2A 3), become (A after the standardization 2-2A 3)/(A 1+ A 2), it is defined as d 64If d 64Be lower than the discriminating power T of second receiver 33 2, just can not judge.At this moment judge by step 313, if d 64Beyond the scope that allows, just enter the 4PSK pattern of step 313, with the interior step 305 that just enters, carry out the 16QAM demodulation of step 307 in determination range.Judge under the big situation of the error rate in step 308, change the 4PSK pattern of step 313 over to.
At this moment, if the distortion 8QAM signal of the signaling point of transmitter 1 emission shown in Figure 25 (a), all signaling point just all is on the angle of Cos (2 π f+n π/4), and owing to all same-phase decay of carrier wave, recovers so can carry out carrier wave simply with 4 frequency multiplier circuits.Like this, not only use 2 Bit datas that the 4PSK receiver can demodulation first data set, can also recover 1 Bit data of second data set, can recover 3 bits altogether by second receiver 33.
The 3rd receiver 43 below is described, Figure 26 is the block diagram of the 3rd receiver 43, and is identical substantially with second receiver 33 of Figure 21, and difference is to have increased the 3rd data set restore circuit 234, and the recognition capability of 8 values is arranged in the identification restore circuit.Because the radius r of antenna 42 3Compare r 2Greatly, thus can the restituted signal dot spacing from nearer signal, as 32QAM and 64QAM etc.So for demodulation 64QAM, the first identification restore circuit 136 just must be differentiated 8 varying levels at tested signal wave.At this moment there are 7 threshold levels.Because one of them is " 0 ", so in a quadrant 3 threshold values are arranged.
Shown in the signal space diagram of Figure 27,3 threshold values are arranged in first quartile.
As shown in figure 27, three of existence standardized threshold values are TH1 64, TH2 64And TH3 64Be expressed as:
TH1 64=(A 1+A 3/2)/(A 1+A 2)
TH2 64=(A 1+A 2/2)/(A 1+A 2)
TH3 64=(A 1+A 2-A 2/2)/(A 1+A 2)
According to this threshold value, the received signal behind the phase detection is carried out the AM demodulation, the same with first, second data set of Figure 21 explanation, the data of demodulation the 3rd data set.According to differentiation, take out 4 values as the 3rd data set of Figure 23 to 4 signaling points 201,202,203,204 of the first secondary separation signal group 181, i.e. 2 bits, like this, and just can demodulation 6 bits, just be out of shape 64QAM.
At this moment demodulation controlled stage 231 is according to the demodulating information in first data set that is included in first data set recovery level 232, because m, A 1, A 2And A 3All be known, but with regard to calculated threshold TH1 64, TH2 64And TH3 64, deliver to the first identification restore circuit 136 and the second identification restore circuit 137 then, positively to be out of shape the 64QAM demodulation.At this moment demodulating information is owing to encrypting, so have only those users that are allowed to ability demodulation 64QAM.Figure 28 represents the flow chart of the demodulation controlled stage 231 of 64 value QAM, the existing difference that the 16QAM flow chart of it and Figure 24 only is described.From the step 304 of Figure 28 to step 320, if m=32, so just at step 322 demodulation 32QAM, if not m=32 differentiates m=64 in step 321?, in step 323, if A 3Below set point, just can not recover, thereby step forwards 305 to, all the other are identical with Figure 24 flow process, are out of shape the 16QAM demodulation.Return step 323, if A 3More than set point, in step 324 calculated threshold, in step 325 three threshold values are delivered to first, second identification restore circuit, step 326 is recovered distortion 64QAM, step 327 is recovered first, second and third data, if the error rate is big, forwards step 305 demodulation 16QAM in step 328 to, if the error rate is little, just proceed the 64QAM demodulation.
Below narrate the important carrier wave reset mode in the demodulation, one of feature of the present invention is that first data set of distortion 16QAM and distortion 64QAM can be recovered by the 4PSK receiver.At this moment,, can not carry out normal demodulation, take place, all must take some countermeasures aspect the transmitter and receiver two for preventing this problem as if being difficult with the common 4PSK receiver reinsertion of carrier.
As method of the present invention dual mode is arranged, first kind of mode is the method for launching the signaling point on (2n-1) π/4 angles according to certain rule discontinuously.The second way is roughly to dispose whole signaling points to carry out method for transmitting on the angle of n π/8.
First method is to be in signaling point on 4 angle π/4 shown in Figure 38,3 π/4,5 π/4,7 π/4 in emission, as when sending the signal of signaling point 83,85, set the gap 452,453,454 and 455 lock in time of being interrupted emission according to certain rule, represent them with oblique line among the time slot group 451 in the time diagram that transmits of Figure 38.And must in this time, launch a signaling point in 8 signaling points on the above-mentioned angle, with other time slot emission arbitrary signal point.The above-mentioned rule that this time slot is provided is configured on the data sync timing information level 499 shown in Figure 41, by transmitter 1 emission.
At this moment the content that transmits further elaborates with Figure 41, comprises lock in time gap 452,453,454,455 time slot group this moment and 451 constitutes a unit data group 491, Dn.
In this signal, because lock in time, the gap disposed discontinuously according to the synchronous timing information rule, so, if know this configuration rule, the information in the lock in time gap is taken a sample, just can easily carry out the carrier wave recovery.
The beginning of the structure of data set 492 partly has a synchronization zone 493 of representing with S, it only constitutes in the gap in the lock in time that oblique line is represented, according to such formation, because it is many that above-mentioned carrier wave recovers the sample intelligence of usefulness, meet sb. at the airport and to carry out the effect that carrier wave recovers really soon so also have 4PSK.
In this synchronization zone 493, include and use S 1, S 2, S 3The sync section 496,497,498 of expression is also holding the unique code word and the aforesaid demodulating information of usefulness synchronously in this part, also have one and use I TThe Phase synchronization signal configuration information part 499 of expression wherein accommodates information such as the configuration space information in phase synchronization time gap and configuration rule information.
Because the signaling point in phase synchronization time gap only keeps specific phase place,, can recover the configuration information I of Phase synchronization part really so promptly use the 4PSK receiver also can the reinsertion of carrier TContent, therefore, obtaining really can the reinsertion of carrier after this information.
There is demodulating information part 501 back of the synchronization zone 493 of Figure 41, comprises the relevant demodulating information of threshold voltage of separating timing necessity with the many-valued QAM signal of distortion.Because this information is important for the demodulation of many-valued QAM, so in a single day demodulating information 502 enters into the 502 this synchronization zones, synchronization zone of Figure 41, it is just more certain to obtain demodulating information.
Figure 42 is the signal configuration figure when sending pulse group shape value with the TDMA mode.
And Figure 41 difference is that an isolation time 521 is set between data set 492, Dn and other data set, do not transmitting during this period, beginning at data set 492 partly is provided with for synchronous sync section 522 in addition, in this time, only launch the signaling point of aforesaid (2n-1) π/4 phase places, therefore, promptly use the demodulator of 4PSK also can the reinsertion of carrier.Like this, also can be synchronously and the reinsertion of carrier with the TDMA mode.
Describe the carrier wave reset mode of first receiver 23 of Figure 19 below in detail with Figure 43 and Figure 44.Among Figure 43, the received signal of input enters input circuit 24, is sent to output circuit 542 outputs by one of restituted signal after synchro detection circuit 541 detections, recovers first data set.At sampling timing control circuit 543, recover the phase synchronousing part assigned confidence breath portion 499 of Figure 41, after the signal of distinguishing (2n-1) π/4 Phase synchronization part was come in which mark time, launch interrupted Phase synchronization control signal 561 shown in Figure 44, restituted signal is delivered to frequency multiplier circuit 545, delivers to carrier wave again and recover control circuit 544 after 4 frequencys multiplication.In the signal 562 of Figure 44, include real phase information signal 563 and other signal, shown in the oblique line in timing diagram 564, be included in wherein discontinuously from the phase synchronization time gap 452 of (2n-1) π/4 phase signal points.Carrier wave recovers 564 samplings of control circuit 544 usefulness Phase synchronization control signals, obtains phase-samplomh signal 565, to this signal take a sample synchronous after, obtain the phase signal 566 of defined.This signal is delivered to through loop filter 546 VCD547, the reinsertion of carrier is delivered to synchro detection circuit 541 again.Like this, the phase signal of (2n-1) π/4 shown in Figure 39 oblique line is sampled, based on this signal, with the mode of the 4 frequencys multiplication reinsertion of carrier correctly.At this moment,, and unique code word is input to the sync section 496 of Figure 41, can be specific goes out the absolute phase of carrier wave though recover a plurality of phase places.
When the 64QAM signal was out of shape in emission as shown in Figure 40, transmitter only sent phase synchronization time gap 452,452b etc. at the signaling point in the Phase synchronization district 471 shown in the oblique line that is roughly (2n-1) π/4 phase places.Therefore.Though can not the reinsertion of carrier with common 4PSK receiver owing to be equipped with carrier recovery circuit of the present invention, promptly use first receiver of 4PSK also have can the reinsertion of carrier effect.
More than be to use the Coase tower to think the situation of the carrier recovery circuit of mode, the following describes and in the demodulation mode carrier recovery circuit, use situation of the present invention.
Figure 45 represents demodulation mode carrier recovery circuit of the present invention, and synchro detection circuit 541 recovers restituted signal to the received signal from input circuit 24.On the one hand, the input signal that is postponed by first delay circuit 591 places 4 phase-modulators 592, is demodulated into carrier signal by above-mentioned restituted signal.Can be sent to phase comparator 593 by the above-mentioned carrier signal that carrier wave recovers control circuit 544.On the other hand, from VThe reinsertion of carrier of CO547 is postponed by second delay circuit 594, carries out bit comparison mutually with aforesaid demodulation carrier signal on phase comparator 593, and phase signal offers via loop filter 546 VCO547.Recover and the synchronous carrier wave of reception carrier.At this moment, the same with the Coase tower think of shape carrier recovery circuit of Figure 43, by the phase information sampling of signaling point in the zone shown in 543 pairs of oblique lines of sampling timing control circuit, so even 16QAM mode or 64QAM mode, also can the reinsertion of carrier with the 4PSK modulator of first receiver 23.
Mode with the 16 frequency multiplication mode reinsertions of carrier is described below.The transmitter 1 of Fig. 2 is configured in distortion 16QAM signaling point shown in Figure 46 on the phase place of n π/8, and modulates and launch.First receiver, 23 1 sides of Figure 19, use Coase tower think of type carrier recovery circuit with 16 frequency multiplier circuits 661 shown in Figure 48, then can the reinsertion of carrier.16 frequency multiplier circuits 661 have been decayed the signaling point of the n π of Figure 46/8 phase places at first quartile, so can use loop filter 546 Hes VThe CO547 reinsertion of carrier.Code word only is configured in the retaining zone, just can from 16 phase places, takes out absolute phase.
The following describes the formation of 16 frequency multiplier circuits.With from restituted signal, obtaining and signal, difference signal with circuit 662, difference circuit 663, in multiplier 664, multiply each other again, obtain Cos2 θ, and obtain Sin2 θ at multiplier 665, they are calculated Sin4 θ with multiplier 666.
Equally, by Sin2 θ and Cos2 θ, with and circuit 667, difference circuit 668 and multiplier 670 obtain Sin8 θ, and with calculating Cos8 θ with circuit 671, difference circuit 672 and multiplier, and, calculate Sin16 θ with multiplier 674, just can 16 frequencys multiplication.
The good result that is had according to above-mentioned 16 frequency multiplication modes is need not be to the take a sample carrier wave of whole signaling points of the distortion 16QAM signal that the signaling point that just can recover to have done Figure 46 disposes of signal specific point.
In addition, though also can recover to carry out the carrier wave of the distortion 64QAM signal of Figure 47 configuration, owing to always have several signals to leave, so the error rate has just increased during demodulation from retaining zone 471.
The countermeasure of two kinds of methods as this problem arranged, and a kind of method is not launch the signal of the signaling point that departs from the synchronization zone, though reduced amount of information, has effect simple in structure.Also having a kind of method is that gap lock in time is set as shown in Figure 38, lock in time in time slot 451 n π/8 phase places shown in the emission oblique line during the gap signaling points such as locking phase district 471,471a, since can accurate synchronization during this, so phase error has just diminished.
As mentioned above, with 16 frequency multiplication modes, 4PSK receiver simple in structure just can recover the good result of the carrier wave of distortion 16QAM and distortion 64QAM signal.In addition, and then be set during the gap lock in time, the effect that the phase accuracy in the time of can obtaining distortion 64QAM carrier wave is recovered improves.
As described above in detail, use transmitting device of the present invention, in a frequency band, can transmit a plurality of data simultaneously with hierarchy.
In this case, be characterized in, set three kinds of rank receivers with different sensitivity and demodulation ability for a transmitter, can the demodulation data volume suitable with the receiver investment.Buy the first receiver user cheaply of small size antenna and low definition, can demodulation recover first data set, buy the user of the second expensive receiver of medium-sized antenna, intermediate resolution, can demodulation recover first, second data set, in addition, the user who buys the 3rd quite expensive receiver of large-scale antenna, high definition can demodulation recover first, second and third total data group.
If first receiver is made digital satellite broadcasting receiver, concerning most of ordinary consumer, the low price receiver that reception can be born still can be realized.Because second receiver must be thrown on the large-scale antenna of necessity with height cost at the very start, be not that whole consumers can both hold and can stand, so just concerning the people that want to enjoy HDTV, even cost higher also be significant.Before satellites transmits power increased, the 3rd receiver must use more large-scale industry antenna, as home-use be unpractical, so begin only to be applicable to the industry purposes.For example: satellite transmission ultrahigh resolution HDTV signal is transferred to the cinema of various places, can be cinema's video electronicization.At this moment, the operation cost of cinema and TV theater just can be cheap.
As mentioned above the present invention is applied to the situation of television transmission, can provide the video service of three kinds of image qualities with a frequency band, yet they still is compatible.The example of having represented 4PSK, distortion 8QAM, distortion 16QAM, distortion 64QAM in an embodiment, however 32QAM and 256QAM also can realize.In addition, 8PSK and 16PSK, 32PSK also can implement.In an embodiment, though satellite transmits as example, terrestrial transmission and wire transmission equally also all can realize.
Embodiment 2
Embodiment 2 is the difference according to error correcting capability, and the physical hierarchy that illustrates among the embodiment 1 is further carried out logical separation, has increased logical hierarchy.Under the situation of embodiment 1, the electrical signal levels of channels at different levels, just the physics demodulation ability has nothing in common with each other, and is corresponding, then is that logic recovery capabilities such as error correcting capability have nothing in common with each other in embodiment 2, specifically D for example 1Data separating in the level channel becomes D 1-1And D 2-2, one of this mask data, for example D 1-1The error correcting capability of data is higher than D 1-2The error correcting capability of data, because error correcting capability has difference, D when demodulation recovers 1-1And D 1-2Demodulation ability after makeing mistakes is just different, like this, and under the low situation of the C/N that transmits, even at D 1-2Under the irreclaimable signal level, D 1-1Also be within the error rate scope of setting, so can recover original signal out, this can be described as logical hierarchy.
In a word, after the data of separation modulation classification channel, use the distance between error correcting codes such as error correcting code and accumulation sign indicating number to vary in size, according to the size increase logical hierarchy of error correcting capability, just making more, the transmission of subfractionation can realize.
In the time of in this way, D 1Channel increases D 1-1, D 1-2Two subchannels, channel D 2Increase D 2-1, D 2-2Two subchannels.
This is illustrated classification channel D with the C/N of input signal and Figure 87 of classification channel number 1-1Available minimum input signal recovers.The CN value is taken as d, during CN=d, D 1-1Be reduced, but D 1-2, D 2-1, D 2-2All can not recover, when CN=c is above, D 1-2Can recover, during CN=b, increase a D 2-1, add D during CN=a 2-2Like this, along with the increase of CN value, the classification sum that can recover also increases, otherwise with the reducing of CN value, the classification sum that can recover also reduces.Can illustrate with the transmission range of Figure 86 and the figure of the CN value that may recover.Usually shown in Figure 86 solid line 861, along with the increase of transmission range, the C/N value of received signal just descends.The distance from the transmitting antenna of CN=a with Figure 85 explanation is La, and the CN=b place is Lb, and the CN=c place is Lc, and the CN=d place is Ld, and the CN=e place is Le.As Figure 85 explanation, than recovering D from the nearer area of transmitting antenna distance L d 1-1Channel, this D 1-1Possible range of receiving represent with oblique line district 862.On scheming, can be clear that, can recover D 1-1The zone of channel is maximum.Can recover D from transmitting antenna distance L c with the zone in the interior scope 863 equally 1-2Channel is because zone 862 is also contained in distance L c with in the interior scope, so also can recover D 1-1Channel.Can recover D in zone 864 equally 2-1Channel can recover D in the zone 865 2-2Channel.Like this,, reduce transmission channel step by step, can carry out hierarchical transmission with CN value variation.To be separated into hierarchy to data structure, just can obtain along with the C/N variation, to reduce the effect of the hierarchical transmission of data volume gradually by Delamination Transmission of the present invention as analogue transmission.
Concrete formation is described below, the embodiment of 2 level physical classifications, 2 grades of logic classifications is described at this.Figure 87 is that the transmitter-side block diagram of Fig. 2 of transmitter-side block diagram and embodiment explanation is basic identical, has omitted detailed description at this.Its difference is to have increased the error correcting code encoder, abbreviates the ECC encoder in the following description as.Split circuit 3 has four outputs, and promptly 1-1,1-2,2-1,2-2 are separated into 4 signal D to input signal 1-1, D 1-2, D 2-1, D 2-2, export by output.D wherein 1-1, D 1-2Signal is input to an ECC encoder 871a, delivers to main encoder 872a and secondary ECC encoder 873a then respectively, the encoding process of carrying out error correction.
Wherein main ECC encoder 872a has stronger error correcting capability than secondary ECC encoder 873a, so, as with the CN-classification channel mapping explanation of Figure 85, separating timing, D 1-1The C/N value of channel compares D 1-2The C/N value of channel is low, D 1-1Can recover to be lower than the standard error code check.D 1-1Become the C/N value and compare D 1-2Low strong logical hierarchy is through the signal D of error correction 1-1And D 1-2In synthesizer 874a, synthesize signal D 1, be input to modulator 4 again.On the other hand, signal D 2-1And D 2-2Main encoder 872b and secondary ECC encoder 873b by the 2nd ECC encoder 871b carries out the error correction coding processing respectively, synthesizes signal D by synthesizer 874b 2, being input in the modulator 4, main ECC encoder 872b is than the error correcting capability height of secondary ECC encoder 873b.At this moment, modulator 4 is from signal D 1, D 2Make classification type modulation signal, again by emitting stage 5 emissions.The emitting stage 1 of Figure 87 at first is to have D according to the modulation that embodiment 1 has illustrated as mentioned above 1, D 2The two-stage physical hierarchy.The front is described.Secondly, the difference according to error correcting capability has D again 1-1, D 1-2Or D 2-1, D 2-22 grades of logical hierarchy.
The following describes the accepting state of this signal.Figure 88 is the receiver block diagram, receives the basic comprising of second receiver 33 that Figure 87 transmitter transmits and roughly the same with the formation of second receiver 33 of the embodiment 1 of Figure 21 explanation.Difference is to have increased ECC decoder 876a, 876b, and at this moment, though represented the example of QAM modulation, ASK or PSK, FSK modulation also are fine.
On Figure 88, the signal of reception reverts to signal D by demodulator 35 1, D 2, be separated into D respectively by separator 3a, 3b again 1-1, D 1-2, D 2-1, D 2-24 signals are input to an ECC decoder 876a and the 2nd ECC decoder 876b to them respectively.On an ECC decoder 876a, signal D 1-1By delivering to synthetic level 37 after the main ECC decoder 877a error correction, on the other hand, signal D 1-2By delivering to synthetic level 37 after the secondary ECC decoder 878a error correction.Equally, at the 2nd ECC decoder 876b, signal D 2-1At main ECC decoder 877b, signal D 2-2After secondary ECC decoder 878b error correction, deliver to synthetic level 37.Signal D through correction process 1-1, D 1-2, D 2-1, D 2-2On synthetic level 37, synthesize a signal, then by output stage 36 outputs.
At this moment, shown in Figure 85, owing to the formation according to logical hierarchy, D 1-1Compare D 1-2, D 2-1Compare D 2-2The error correcting capability height, so, even under the lower situation of the C/N of input signal value, also can reach the error rate of defined, thereby can recover original signal.
Specifically describe the method that produces the error correcting capability difference between main ECC decoder 877a, 877b and secondary ECC decoder 878a, the 878b that makes below.In secondary ECC decoder, when adopting the coded system of standard code distance of Li De-solomon code and BCN sign indicating number, because what adopt in the two main ECC decoders is that both of Li De-solomon code and Li De-solomon code accumulate the error correcting code of sign indicating number and long codes mode apart from big coded system, so just produce the difference of error correcting capability, thereby realized logical hierarchy.The method of various intensity code distances all is well-known, and has just omitted about other mode, basically, no matter which kind of mode is all applicable to the present invention.
Here, with the C/N of Figure 89 and the graph of a relation explanation logical hierarchy of the error rate after the error correction.Among Figure 89, straight line 881 expression D 1-1The C/N of channel and bit error rate relation, straight line 882 expression D 1-2The C/N of channel and the relation between the error rate after the error correction.
The C/N value of input signal is more little, and the error rates of data after the error correction is just big more, and when being lower than certain C/N value, the error rate after the error correction is with regard in the benchmark error rate Eth when system design not, and former data just can not normally be recovered.So, when slowly improving the C/N value among Figure 89, as D 1-1Shown in the straight line 881 of signal, C/N can not demodulation D when the e value is following 1Channel.During e≤C/N＜b, D 1Channel can demodulation, but D 1-1The error rate of channel rises Eth, so can not normally recover former data.
When C/N=d, because D 1-1Error correcting capability be higher than D 1-2Error correcting capability, the error rate after the error correction, shown in a 885d, below Eth, can restore data.On the other hand, because D 1-2Error correcting capability compare D 1-1The error correcting capability height not what, the error rate after the error correction compares D 1-1Just what do not hang down yet,, therefore, still can not recover D so the error rate after the error correction makes Eth rise again 1-2So, just can only recover D in this case 1-1
Improve C/N again, when C/N=c, because shown in a 885c, D 1-2The error rate after the error correction has reached Eth, so can recover.At this moment, D 2-1, D 2-2D just 2The demodulation of channel also is under the untrue state, with the raising of C/N, and when C/N=b ＇, D 2Channel just really can demodulation.
C/N further rises, when C/N=b, and shown in a 885b, D 2-1The error rate reduce to Eth, reach D 2-1The degree that can recover.At this moment, because D 2-2The error rate greater than Eth, so D 2-2Can not recover.To the some 885a of C/N=a, D 2-2The error rate reduce to Eth, D 2-2Channel could recover.
Like this, the difference with error correcting capability is divided into 2 level physical classification D 1And D 2Channel is further reallocated into 2 grades of logic classifications, thereby can reach the laser propagation effect of 4 grades of classifications altogether.
High-level data missing in this case, data structure constituted hierarchical structure, even can also recover the part of original signal.Transmit and combination according to classification of the present invention, can reach variation, reduce the hierarchical transmission effect of data volume gradually as analogue transmission along with C/N.Particularly in recent years, image compression technology is in develop rapidly, the image compression data are made hierarchy, again in conjunction with hierarchical transmission, then the image frame quality in the transmission of same place will be higher than analogue transmission far away, simultaneously, corresponding with the classification received signal of analogue transmission, the scope that the incoming level that image quality is low can receive is bigger.Like this, keep high-quality image with Digital Transmission on the one hand, can reach the effect that original digital image transmits not available hierarchical transmission again simultaneously.
Embodiment 3
Followingly the 3rd embodiment of the present invention is described with reference to accompanying drawing.
Figure 29 is the overall diagram of embodiment 3.Embodiment 3 expresses the example that uses transmitting device of the present invention in the digital TV broadcasting system, the input picture 402 of ultrahigh resolution, import the input stage 403 of first image encoder 401, be separated into first data set and second data set and the 3rd data set by split circuit 404, export by compressor circuit 405 compressions.
Other input picture 406,407,408 is compressed by identical second image encoder 409 that constitutes with first image encoder and 410,411 respectively and exports.
In these four groups of data, four groups of signals of first data set carry out multiplexingization in the TDM mode with the time by first multiplexer 413 of multiplexer 412, send into transmitter 1 as first data set.
It is multiplexing that the ensemble of second data set all or part of undertaken by multiplexer 414, sends into transmitter 1 as second data set.Equally, it is multiplexing that the ensemble of the 3rd data set all or part of undertaken by multiplexer 415, sends into transmitter 1 as the 3rd data set.
Receive them and utilize transmitter 1 to carry out embodiment 1 described modulation by 4 pairs of three data sets of modulator, send into transponder 12 in the satellite 10 by emitting stage 5 by antenna 6 and transmission path 7, deliver in three kinds of receivers such as first receiver, 23 grades by this transponder 12.
Utilize first receiver 23, by transmission path 21 by radius r 1 Minor diameter antenna 22 receive, recover in the level 232 at first data set, only recover first data set in the received signal, recover the image output 425 and 426 of low definitions such as NTSC signal or wideband NTSC signal by first image decoder 421, and make its output.
Utilize second receiver 33, by radius r 2The intermediate diameters antenna receive, and recover level 232 and second data set by first data set and recover level 233 recovery first data set and second data sets, recover the image output 427 or the image output 425,426 of high definition such as HDTV signal and make its output by second image decoder 422.
Utilize receiver 43, by radius r 3The major diameter antenna receive, and recover level 232, second data set recovery level the 233 and the 3rd data set recovery level 234 by first data set and recover first data set, second data set and the 3rd data set, output supplies ultrahigh resolution images such as the ultrahigh resolution HDTV output 428 of usefulness such as video-unit and cinema.Can output image output 425,426,427.General digital TV broadcasting, under situation about receiving by first receiver by digital transmitter 51 broadcasting, low distinct image outputs 426 such as output NTSC.
Then, according to the block diagram of first image encoder 401 of Figure 30, describe its formation in detail.The picture signal of ultrahigh resolution is imported into input stage 403, and sends in the split circuit 404.Utilize split circuit 404, be separated into four signals in the subband coding mode.Be separated into horizontal low-frequency component and horizontal radio-frequency component by horizontal low pass filters 451 such as QMF and horizontal high pass filter 452.Divide each composition equally sampling rate with subsample level 453,454, afterwards, horizontal low-frequency component is separated into each horizontal low frequency vertical low frequency signal by vertical low pass filters 455 and perpendicular high pass filter 456 and (simply becomes HL VThe L signal) and horizontal low frequency vertical high-frequency signal (abbreviate as HL VThe H signal), reduces sampling rate, send into compression stage 405 with subsample level 457,458.
Horizontal radio-frequency component is separated into the vertical low frequency signal of horizontal high frequency by vertical low pass filters 459 and perpendicular high pass filter 460 (to be called for short HH VThe L signal) (abbreviates as with the vertical low frequency signal of horizontal high frequency HH VThe H signal), reduce sampling rate with subsample level 461,462, and send into compression stage 405.
In compression stage 405, with 471 pairs of first compression stages HL VThe L signal carries out optimal compressions such as DCT, is exported as first data set by first output stage 472.
HL VThe H signal is compressed by second compression stage 473 and sends into second output stage 464. HH VThe L signal is compressed by the 3rd compression stage 463 and sends into second output stage 464. HH VThe H signal by split circuit 465 be divided into high-definition image signal ( HH VH1) and the ultrahigh resolution picture signal ( HH VH2), HH VH1 sends into second output stage 464, HH VH2 sends into the 3rd output stage 468.
With Figure 31 first image decoder 421 is described below.First image decoder 421 comprises: from first data set of first receiver, 23 outputs is D 1Be input to input stage 501 and by going scramble level 502 to remove scramble, then by expansion level 503 expand become above-mentioned HL VThe L signal is then by picture ratio change circuit 504 and output stage 505 change picture ratios and with image 506, striped picture image 507, the full frame image 508 of wideband TV or side slat (the サ ィ De パ ネ Le) picture image 509 of wideband TV of NTSC signal output NTSC signal.
In this case, select non-interlace or these two kinds of scan line patterns of interlacing scan.Scan line under the situation of NTSC be 525 the row and by double scanning can obtain 1050 the row.When the ordinary numbers TV broadcasting that receives from the 4PSK of digital transmitter 51, by first receiver 23 and 421 demodulation of first image decoder, recover the TV image.Block diagram with second image decoder of Figure 32 illustrates second image decoder below.At first, from the D of second receiver 33 1Signal is imported first input stage 521, is expanded by the first expansion level 522, finishes two times of sampling rates by crossing sampling stage 523, is recovered by vertical low pass filters 524 HL VThe L signal.D 2Signal is imported second input stage 530, be separated into three signals by split circuit 531, expand by the second expansion level the 532, the 3rd expansion level the 533 and the 4th expansion level 534 respectively and go scramble, finish two times of sampling rates by crossing sampling stage 535,536,537, send by perpendicular high pass filter 538, vertical low pass filters 539, perpendicular high pass filter 540. HL VThe L1 signal and HL VThe L signal carries out add operation by adder 525, passes through sampling stage 541 and horizontal low pass filter 542 and becomes horizontal low-frequency image signal, sends into adder 543. HH VThe H signal and HH VThe H1 signal carries out add operation by adder 526, pass through sampling stage 544 and horizontal high pass filter 545 and became horizontal high frequency imaging signal, become high-definition image signal HD signals such as HDTV through adder 543, with image outputs 547 such as output stage 546 output HDTV.Export the NTSC signal thus.
Figure 33 is the block diagram of the 3rd image decoder, D 1Signal is from 521 inputs of first input stage, D 2Signal is from the input of second input stage 530, by high frequency imaging decoder 527 with above-mentioned program recovery HD signal.D 2Signal is from the input of the 3rd input stage 551, by hyper band image decoder 552, through expansion, recover to go scramble and synthetic HH VThe H2 signal.This signal is synthesized by synthesizer 553 and HD signal and becomes ultrahigh resolution TV signal, S-HD signal, from output stage 554 output ultrahigh resolution picture signals 555.
Below by the explanation of reference Figure 29 concrete multiplexing method about multiplexer 401 is described.Figure 34 is data arrangement figure, depict during the T on time shaft at the first data set D 1, the second data set D 2, the 3rd data set D 3In 6 NTSC channel L being arranged 1, L 2, L 3, L 4, L 5, L 6With 6 HDTV channel M 1～M 6And 6 S-HDTV frequency H 1～H 6Figure 34 at first is D during T 1In the signal in TDM mode etc. with the time-multiplexed L that disposes 1To L 6At D 1Zone 601 in transmit first channel HL VThe L signal.Then, at D 2In the zone 602 of signal with the corresponding time zone of first channel in transmit the HDTV of first channel and the difference information of NTSC, promptly above-mentioned HL VThe H signal and HH VThe L signal reaches HH VThe H1 signal.Then, at D 3Transmit the super HDTV difference information H of first channel in the zone 603 of signal 1, promptly Figure 30 is described HH VH-2H1.
The following describes the situation of the TV platform of selecting first channel.At first, the common reception user with system of small size antenna and first receiver 23 and first image decoder 421 obtains the NTSC of Figure 31 or the TV signal of wideband NTSC.Then, the specific reception user with the medium-sized antenna and second receiver 33 and second image decoder 422 obtains when selective channel 1 by the first data set D 1The zone 601 and the second data set D 2The NTSC program of the synthetic channel 1 that forms of signal in zone 602 and the HDTV signal of same program content.
Have large-scale antenna and can carry out the 3rd receiver 43 of many-valued demodulation and the cinema of the 3rd image decoder 423 etc. and partly receive the user and obtain by D 1Zone 601 and D 2Zone 602 and D 3The NTSC of the channel 1 that is synthesized into of the signal in zone 603 and the super definition HDTV signal of the image quality used of the power supply movie theatre of same program content.Remaining channel of from 2 to 3 recovers with the same manner.
Figure 35 is that another kind of zone constitutes.At first, first channel bank of NTSC is listed in L 1In.This L 1Be in D 1601 positions, zone in the very first time zone of signal include the information S that removes scramble information and embodiment 1 described demodulating information that comprises between NTSC at forefront 11Then, first channel of HDTV accommodates divided L 1And M 1M 1Be the difference information of HDTV and NTSC, be included in D 2Zone 602 and zone 611 among both.At this moment, adopt the NTSC compressed signal of 6Mbps and be contained in L 1In, M 1Frequency band be two times 12Mbps.L 1And M 1Merging then, the frequency band of 18Mbps can recover from second receiver 33 and second image decoder 423 in demodulation.On the one hand, can realize the HDTV compressed signal with the frequency band of about 15Mbps of the compression method that uses existing scheme.Thereby, can broadcast HDTV and NTSC signal with the arrangement of Figure 35 simultaneously with channel 1.At this moment, can not carry out the recovery of HDTV with channel 2.S 21Be HDTV go scramble information.Then, super HDTV signal is divided into L 1And M 1And H 1Broadcast.The difference information of super HDTV uses D 3Zone 603,612,613, NTSC is set at 6Mbps, in this case, transmission amounts to 36Mbps, through after the high compression, the scan line that can transmit the picture quality that the power supply movie theatre uses is about the super HDTV signals of 2000 row.
The Pareto diagram of Figure 36 is expressed and is used D 3Transmission occupies the situation of the super HDTV signal of 6 time zones.The NTSC compressed signal being set under the situation of 6Mbps, can transmit 9 times 54Mbps.Thus, super HDTV that can the high quality image.
The situation on one of the level of utilizing the electromagnetism glass that transmits or vertically polarized wave plane more than has been described.Below by usage level and two vertical polarized wave planes, make frequency efficiency reach 2 times, contrast describes below.
Figure 49 expresses the horizontal polarized wave signal of first data set DV 1With the vertically polarized wave signal DH 1And second data set is corresponding DV 2With DH 3, the 3rd data set DV 3With DH 3The signal Pareto diagram.In this case, low frequency TV signal packet such as NTSC is contained in the vertically polarized wave signal of first data set DV 1In, high frequency TV signal packet is contained in the horizontal polarized wave signal of first data set DH 1In.Thereby, only there is first receiver 23 of perpendicular polarization wave antenna can recover low frequency signals such as NTSC.And on the other hand, first receiver 23 with vertical, horizontal both direction polarized wave antenna can obtain for example L 1And M 1HDTV signal after signal is synthetic.That is, under the situation of using first receiver 23, according to the ability of antenna, some users can recover NTSC, and other user can recover NTSC and HDTV, can obtain the effect of dual mode compatibility thus.
Under the TDMA mode situation of using in Figure 50, portion 731 and card (カ-De) portion 741 are arranged on the forefront of each data pulse 721 synchronously.And, at the forefront of frame synchronizing information portion 720 is set.In this case, each time stage group distributes a channel respectively.For example, can transmit NTSC, the HDTV of the identical program of first channel, super HDTV with very first time section 750.Each time period 750～750e is fully independently.Thereby, when using certain period of time to broadcast, can obtain with other phase effect of the broadcasting of NTSC, HDTV, super HDTV independently in the TDMA mode in specific broadcasting station.And, have the recipient under the situation of formation of first receiver 23 of usage level polarized wave antenna, can recover the NTSCTV signal, and if have the polarization wave antenna, just can recover HDTV.Can recover the super HDTV of low definition through second receiver 33.Can recover super HDTV signal fully through the 3rd receiver 43.The compatible broadcast system that has has as described above just constructed.In this case, with the such arrangement of Figure 50, be provided with the TDMA mode with pulsed, it is time-multiplexed to carry out the such continuous signal of Figure 49.Then, if the signal shown in process Figure 51 is arranged the HDTV signal that can recover high definition.
As mentioned above, can obtain having the so significant effect of digital TV broadcasting of the compatibility of ultrahigh resolution type HDTV, HDTV and these three kinds of signals of NTSC-TV by embodiment 3.Be transferred under the situations such as cinema, can obtaining the new effect of video reproduction electronization.
Thus, be called distortion QAM together with SRQAM, the concrete error rate is described according to the present invention.
At first, calculate the error rate of 16SRQAM.Figure 99 is the vectogram of the signaling point of 16SBQAM.At first quartile, under the situation of 16QAM, each signaling point of 16 of signaling point 83a, 83b, 84a, 85,83a etc. be uniformly-spaced at interval, be 2 δ entirely.
The signaling point 83a of 16QAM is apart from δ to L axle, the Q axle of axes of coordinates.Thus, under the situation of 16QAM, n is defined as shift value, signaling point 83a skew is that the signaling point 83 of n δ position moves to the distance of the parameter that disseats.In this case, n is
0＜n＜3
Other signaling point 84a, 86a is offset and moves to the position of signaling point 84,86.
The error rate of first data set is Pe 1
Figure C92102955.100511
Figure C92102955.100512
The error rate of second data set is Pe 2 Pe 2 - 16 = 1 2 erfc ( 3 - n 2 δ 2 σ ) = 1 4 erfc ( 3 - n 2 9 + n 2 ρ )
Next calculates the error rate of 36SRQAM or 32SRQAM.Figure 100 is the signal vector figure of 36SRQAM.Distance is defined as 2 δ between first quartile is the signaling point of 36QAM.
The signaling point 83a of 36QAM is δ to the distance of axes of coordinates.This signaling point 83a has become the offset of 36SRQAM and signaling point 83, and becoming apart from the distance of axes of coordinates is n δ.Each signaling point all is offset and becomes signaling point 83,84,85,86,97,98,99,100,101.The signal point group 90 that is made of 9 signaling points is not regarded as a signaling point, receive, only recovering the first data set D by distortion 4PSK receiver 1The error rate under the situation is Pe 1, 9 signaling points in the discernible signal point group 90 recover the second data set D respectively 2The error rate under the situation is Pe 2: Pe 1 - 32 = 1 6 erfc ( nδ 2 σ )
= 8 1 erfc ( n ρ 9 + n 2 )
Pe 2 - 32 = 2 3 erfc ( 5 - n 2 2 δ ρ ) = 2 3 erfc ( 3 ρ 40 × 5 - n n 2 + 2 n + 25 )
In this case, C/N～error rate figure of Figure 101 expresses an example of the relation of the C/N that calculates error code rate pe and transmission system.The error rate of the 32QAM of the existing mode that curve 900 expressions are used to contrast.The straight line of 10-1.5 powers of the straight line 905 expression error rates.At the shift amount n of SRQAM of the present invention is 1.5 o'clock, ground floor D 1The error rate be curve 901a, though the error rate relative 10 -1.5The C/N value of 32QAM of curve 900 reduce 5dB, D 1Still having can be with the effect of same error rate recovery.
Second layer D when then, representing n=1.5 with curve 902a 2The error rate.The error rate with shown in 10 -1.5The 32QAM of curve 900 compare and C/N do not improved 2.5dB, then just can not be with same error rate recovery.Curve 901b, the D when 902b represents n=2.0 1, D 2Curve 902c represents D 2Conclusion is got up, and the error rate is 22n=1.5,2.0,2.5 o'clock for the value of 10-1.5 powers, compares each D with 32QAM 1Improve 5,8 respectively, 10dB, D 2Become bad 2.5dB.
With the graph of a relation of the shift amount n of Figure 103 and C/N be illustrated in obtain when changing shift amount n under the 32SRQAM situation decide the error rate and the first essential data set D 1With the second data set D 2The C/N value.With reference to Figure 103 as seen, if n is more than 0.8, then make the i.e. first data set D of layer transmission 1With the second data set D 2Transmission produce essential C/N value difference, then can find out the effect that the present invention produces.Thereby, just under the n under the 32SRQAM situation＞0.85 condition, produce effect.
The error rate under the 16SRQAM situation has the C/N of Figure 102 and the graph of a relation of the error rate.Among Figure 102, the error rate of curve 900 expression 16QAM.Curve 901a, 901b, 901c represent the first data set D respectively 1In n=1.2,1.5,1.8 o'clock the error rate.Curve 902a, 902b, 902c represent the second data set D respectively 2In n=1.2,1.5,1.8 o'clock the error rate.
The shift amount n of Figure 104 and the graph of a relation of C/N are expressed under 16SRQAM the specific bit error rate that obtains when changing shift amount n and the first essential data set D 1With the second data set D 2The C/N value.By Figure 104 as seen, if n under the 16SRQAM＞0.9, layer transmission of the present invention just becomes possibility.Just formed from n＞0.9 with the upper strata transmission.
Be illustrated in the concrete digital TV terrestrial broadcasting example that is suitable for SRQAM situation of the present invention below, the graph of a relation of distance and signal level between transmitting antenna when Figure 105 represents terrestrial broadcasting and reception antenna.Reception antenna signal level when curve 911 expression height of transmitting antenna are 1250 feet.For the digital TV broadcasting mode of studying now, the error rate that requires of desired transmission system is assumed to 10-1.5 powers.Zone 912 expression noise levels, point 910 is illustrated in the receiving pole point of accumulation of the 32QAM mode of existing mode on the place that becomes C/N=15dB.Place to this L=60 mile can receive digital HDTV broadcasting.Yet, exist deterioration to make rapid decline of C/N make the reception of HDTV become impossible problem because of condition of acceptances such as weathers.Because the influence of landform and building estimates to have at least the 10dB degree change, the reason that exactly can not all places in 60 mile radius can receive.In this case, different with simulation, can not images when being entirely numeral.Therefore, the service area of existing digital TV broadcasting mode is insecure.
On the other hand, under the situation of 32SRQAM of the present invention, can be with ground floor D as described above 1Transmit the middle definition TV composition of NTSC etc., only transmit the radio-frequency component of HDTV with second layer D2.As for Figure 105, the service area of ground floor expands 70 miles places as 910a to, and the second layer retreats into 55 miles places as 910b.The service area figure of the 32SRQAM of Figure 106 expresses the area difference of service area in this case.Figure 106 more specifically is illustrated than Figure 53.In Figure 106, zone 708,703a, 703b, 712 represent the service area of the 32QAM of each existing mode, ground floor D respectively 1Service area, second layer D 2Service area, the service area of adjacent simulation table.
That is, can use 32QAM setting 60 miles service areas everywhere of existing mode.Yet,, make that near the accepting state reception limit place is very unstable because the condition of actual weather and landform changes.
And use 32SRQAM of the present invention, by means of using ground floor D 1Transmit the medium and low frequency TV composition of NTSC grade, use second layer D 2Transmit the high frequency TV composition of HDTV, just can produce 5 miles of the service area reduced radius of the such high definition grade of image pattern 106, and the effect of the service area radius of middle low definition grade expansion more than 10 miles.
Thus, the purpose of first invention is: for not receiving the area with existing mode to the regional existing of condition of acceptance difference, by being suitable for SRQAM mode of the present invention, in the defined service area, can launch the middle low definition grade TV broadcasting that can receive at least with most of receiver.Thus, has reduced significantly in the area that can not receive in the area that can not receive the area and be subjected to disturbing from adjacent simulation table of building shade and pocket, is increased and receive number of users simultaneously.
Second purpose of the present invention is: because in existing mode, the reception user who has only possessed expensive HDTV receiver and television set could receive, then have only part to receive the user in service area and could rating listen to.And the present invention is for the reception user of the TV television set of the existing type with existing NTSC or PAL or SECAM mode, only need just can receive the digital HDTV broadcast program in the NTSC mode by setting up digital receiver, this is the effect that is obtained by the present invention.Therefore, receiving the user just can rating listen to financial burden still less.Simultaneously, increased owing to receive user's sum, then the TV unit of broadcasting has obtained more viewer on the one hand, thereby just more stable to the operation of TV cause, thereby produces above-mentioned such social effect.
The 3rd purpose is: the existing mode of reception area area ratio 36% under the situation of n=2.5 of middle low definition grade has enlarged along with expansion then receives the user and has increased.Increased the business income of this part TV public institution owing to the expansion of service area and the increase that receives number of users.Therefore, reduce the risk of digital broadcasting cause, just can look to popularizing early digital TV broadcasting.
Shown in the service area figure of the 32SRQAM of Figure 107, like that, under the situation of n=1.8, can obtain same effect.By changing shift value n, each broadcasting station changes n according to the peculiar condition in regions such as distribution situation and the situation of HDTV television set and NTSCTV television set, by the D of SRQAM 1And D 2 Effective service area 703a and 703b be set at optimal condition, just can make to receive the user and obtain satisfying the biglyyest, and make the broadcasting station obtain the reception user of maximum quantity.
In this case, n＞1.0 o'clock can obtain effect as described above.
Thus, n becomes under the situation of 32SRQAM:
1＜n＜5
Equally, n becomes under the situation of 16SRQAM:
1＜n＜3
At this moment, carry out the such displacement of Figure 99, Figure 100,, can obtain effect of the present invention for terrestrial broadcasting if be more than 1.0 to 16SRQAM, 32SRQAM, 64SRQAM n then for the SRQAM mode that obtains first and second layers.
Embodiment 4
The 4th embodiment of the present invention is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Figure 37 is the overall system view of embodiment 4.Because embodiment 4 is used for terrestrial broadcasting to embodiment 3 described transmitting devices, so have roughly the same formation, work.With the difference of embodiment 3 described contents (Figure 29) be: the antenna 6a of emission usefulness becomes terrestrial transmission and becomes the terrestrial transmission antenna with the 21a of antenna separately, 31a, the 41a of antenna and each receiver.Then the repetitive description thereof will be omitted because other the course of work is identical.Different with satellite broadcasting, the distance when terrestrial broadcasting between transmitting antenna 6a and the receiver just becomes important.To remote receiver, the electromagnetic wave of arrival dies down, and can not also just can not rating listen to program all by demodulation with the many-valued QAM signal that existing transmitter is only modulated.
And under the situation of using transmitting device of the present invention, to such remote of Figure 37, first receiver 23 with antenna 22a receives distortion 64QAM modulation signal or distortion 16QAM modulation signal and recovers the D1 signal of appearance with first data set of 4PSK pattern demodulation, thereby obtains the TV signal of NTSC.Therefore, still can rating uppick TV program although electromagnetic wave is very weak.
Secondly, for middle distance, with second receiver 33 with antenna 32a because the electromagnetic wave that arrives is enough strong, then can demodulation from second data set and first data set of distortion 16 or 64QAM signal, thereby obtain the HDTV signal.Can come rating to listen to identical TV program with HDTV thus.
And, for closely,, then have first, second and third data set of the 3rd receiver 43 demodulation D of hypersensitivity antenna 42a because electromagnetic wave has enough intensity concerning the demodulation of distortion 64QAM signal 1, D 2, D 3Thereby, obtain the HDTV signal of ultrahigh resolution.Just can listen to identical TV program with the super HDTV rating of large-scale picture and identical image quality.
Frequency permutation method in this case by using Figure 34, Figure 35, Figure 36 diagram and replace time-multiplexed arrangement with frequency permutation and illustrated.Under the situation of 1 to the 6 channel allocation frequency such, at D with Figure 34 1Arrange the L of NTSC in first channel in the signal 1, at D 2The M of first channel of signal 1The middle HDTV difference information of arranging is at D 3The H of first channel of signal 1In arrange ultrahigh resolution HDTV difference information, thus, can be with same Channel Transmission NTSC and HDTV ultrahigh resolution HDTV.If allow to use the D of other such channel of image pattern 35, Figure 36 2Signal and D 3Signal then can be broadcasted the more HDTV and the ultrahigh resolution HDTV of high image quality.
Use the D of a channel or other channel 2, D 3The signal area is also broadcasted and just can be obtained the effect that three kinds of digital TV terrestrial broadcastings of compatible property are arranged as described above.In the present invention, if the TV program of the identical content in the same channel is middle definition, its effect is to receive in wider zone.
Suggestion uses 16QAM as the HDTV broadcasting of the 6MHz frequency of DTB Digital Terrestrial Broadcasting etc.And because these modes do not have compatibility with NTSC, broadcasting mode when having same program with other Channel Transmission of NTSC just becomes its precondition.Can predict, under the situation of 16QAM, the service area that can transmit narrows down.By in terrestrial broadcasting, using the present invention, necessity of other channel just is not set, owing to can listen to middle definition rating in distant receiver, its effect is to enlarge the broadcasting service area.
Reception interference region figure when Figure 52 represents to have the HDTV DTB Digital Terrestrial Broadcasting of recommending occupation mode now, but but show from the receiving area that can receive HDTV 702 of the digital radio stations 701 that uses the HDTV that has the way of recommendation now and the receiving area 712 of adjacent simulation table 711.At the coincidence part 713 that both overlap, the Electromagnetic Interference owing to analog broadcasting platform 711 can not stably receive HDTV at least.
Reception interference region figure when Figure 53 represents to use the stratotype broadcast mode by the present invention.In the present invention and existing mode during with same transmitting power because power utilization is low, but but the high definition receiving area 703 of HDTV narrow down to a certain extent than the receiving area 702 of above-mentioned existing mode.But but and exist than the low definition receiving areas 704 such as digital NTSC of wide region more, the receiving area 702 of existing mode.Constitute by two above-mentioned zones.The Electromagnetic Interference of 701 pairs of simulation table 711 of digital radio stations at this moment has and existing mode par shown in Figure 22.
In this case, the existing interference by 711 pairs of digital radio stations 701 of analog broadcasting platform of the present invention is existed in three zones.One is first interference region 705 that can not receive HDTV and NTSC.The secondth, with the same second interference region 706 that can receive the NTSC that is interfered before the interference, represent with the individual layer oblique line.Therefore,, can receive first data set, although to have reduced the coverage that C/N disturbs narrower owing to the Electromagnetic Interference of simulation table 711 but still can use although the C/N of NTSC is lower.
The 3rd is can receive HDTV before disturbing, and can only receive the 3rd interference region 707 of NTSC after disturbing, and represents with double-deck oblique line.
Compare with existing mode as described above, the receiving area of the HDTV before disturbing narrows down to a certain extent and comprises that the range of receiving of NTSC has all broadened.And,, make can receive the program identical with NTSC in the zone that can not receive HDTV owing to interference by existing mode with HDTV from analog broadcasting platform 711.Thereby, just have significantly reduce can not the program receiving zone effect, in this case, by increasing the transmitting power of broadcasting station to a certain extent, the zone that can receive HDTV becomes with to have mode now identical.And, far zone that can not the whole programs of rating uppick in existing mode and with the area that simulation table coincides, can receive with the NTSCTV grade.
More than represent to use the example of two layers of transmission means, and used three layers of such transmission means of time Pareto diagram of image pattern 78 also to be fine.The image of three kinds of levels by HDTV being separated into HDTV, NTSC, low definition NTSC is also launched, but the receiving area of Figure 53 is expanded into three layers from two layers, outermost layer becomes the zone of expansion, just can be with low definition NTSCTV grade program receiving in first interference region 705 that can not receive fully with two layers of transmission.Represented that more than digital radio stations is subjected to the example that analog broadcasting is disturbed.
Be illustrated in the embodiment that the digital broadcasting under the regulations restrict is not disturbed analog broadcasting below.Use adjacent and same channel in the mode of utilizing space channel that present U.S. etc. is being studied.For this reason, the digital broadcasting of using afterwards should not have interference to existing analog broadcasting.Thus, the launching electrical level of digital broadcasting must decrease when broadcasting under Figure 53 condition.In this case, when the 16QAM of existing mode and 4ASK modulation since among the disturbance state figure shown in Figure 54 with oblique stroke represent can not receiving area 713 bigger, but has then just reduced significantly the receiving area 708 of HDTV.Service area diminishes, and the investor has also reduced because this part reception user has reduced then, therefore, can predict, and is difficult to build economically broadcasting industry with existing mode.
Following Figure 55 represents to use the situation of broadcast mode of the present invention.But but HDTV high definition receiving area 703 has narrowed down to a certain extent than the receiving area 708 of existing mode.Yet, but can obtain than the existing mode NTSC grade definition receiving area 704 of wide region more.The part of representing with the substance oblique line is represented the same program that can not receive with the HDTV level and the zone that can receive with the NTSC level.Be subjected to the interference from analog broadcasting platform 711 in first interference region 705 therein, then HDTV and NTSC both can not receive.
Under above-mentioned same electromagnetic intensity of wave situation, but the receiving area of HDTV grade is narrowed down to a certain extent, but then, can increase with the zone of NTSCTV grade reception same program with stratotype broadcasting of the present invention.Therefore, the effect that can obtain making the service area of broadcasting station to increase.Just have and the effect of program is provided for the more user of reception.Just can be more economical and stably build the broadcasting industry of HDTV/NTSCTV.In stage of being increased of occupation rate of digital broadcasting transmitter in future, then since the regulation that analog broadcasting is disturbed just will relax and can strengthen electromagnetic intensity.At that time, the service area of HDTV has just been become heavy, in this case, by the interval between the signaling point of adjusting first data set and second data set, but but just can adjust receiving area and digital NTSC receiving area by the digital HDTV/NTSC shown in Figure 55.In this case, in above-mentioned first data set, just can stably receive by launching this interval information.
Disturbance regime figure when Figure 56 represents to be replaced by digital broadcasting in the future.In this case, different with Figure 52 adjacent stations just become the digital radio stations 701a that carries out digital broadcasting.Owing to can increase transmitting power, but but high definition receiving areas 703 such as HDTV just can be expanded and analog TV is broadcasted identical receiving area 702 to.
And, but owing in the competition zone 714 of two sides' receiving area, all disturbed mutually, then just can not recover the HDTV grade, but can be received in the digital radio stations program on the reception antenna directionality direction with the grade of NTSCTV with general direction-sense antenna.And use under the situation of unusual high directionality antenna, just can receive the program of broadcasting station with the HDTV grade.But but low definition receiving area 704 is bigger than standard receiving area 702 changes of analog TV broadcasting, but in the competition zone 715,716 of the low definition receiving area of adjacent broadcasting station 704a, can be with the program that waits the broadcasting station of level restoration on the antenna directivity direction of NTSCTV.
So, formally popularize period in the digital broadcasting in future, then regulations restrict is just more relaxed, and just can access the HDTV broadcasting of wide service area with stratotype broadcasting of the present invention.At that time, by adopting stratotype broadcast mode of the present invention, not only guarantee to have HDTV range of receiving with existing mode same degree wide region, and owing in zone, a distant place that can not receive and competition zone, can just can be reduced the effect of service area shortcoming part significantly with NTSCTV grade program receiving with existing mode.
Embodiment 5
Embodiment 5 is that the present invention is used Modulation and Amplitude Modulation is embodiment in the ASK mode time.Figure 57 represents the signaling point Pareto diagram of the 4 value ASK signals of embodiment 5, has 4 signaling points 721,722,723,724.2 Bit datas in the time of can in one-period, transmitting 4 values.Signaling point 721,722,723,724 can corresponding to as 00,01,10,11.
In order to carry out the stratotype transmission with the present invention, shown in Figure 58, be signaling point 721,722 that the first signal point group 725 is handled as a group, it is secondary signal point group 726 that signaling point 723,724 is defined as another group.And the interval between two signal point groups is wideer than the interval of signaling point uniformly-spaced.Be the L that is spaced apart between the signaling point 721,722, then the interval of signaling point 723,724 is preferably identical L, the interval L of signaling point 722 and signaling point 723 0Be set at greater than L.That is: be set at L 0＞L.
This is the feature of stratotype transmission system of the present invention.But the design by system is preferably by condition with set instantaneous or become L=L enduringly 0
And 2 such signal point groups of Figure 59 (a) can be corresponding to the first data set D 11 Bit data.For example, if the first signal point group 725 is defined as 0, secondary signal point group 726 is defined as 1, and then 1 bit signal of first data set can be defined.The second data set D 21 bit signal corresponding to two ensembles in each ensemble.For example, if the such signaling point 721,723 of Figure 59 (b) as D 2=0, and signaling point 722,724 as D 2=1, just can define the second data set D 2Data.At this moment just become 2 bit/symbol.
By arranging above-mentioned signaling point, can realize stratotype transmission of the present invention with the ASK mode.The stratotype transmission system is that the C/N value can not become when enough high and is existing uniformly-spaced signaling point mode in signal to noise ratio.Yet, when C/N is low, not recovering under the condition of total data, though the application of the invention can not recover the second data set D with existing mode 2, but can recover the first data set D 1For this is illustrated that Figure 60 expresses the state of C/N variation.Promptly the signaling point that recovers with receiver is because noise and transmission distortion etc. and be dispersed into the Gaussian Profile state in decentralized signal is put the wide region of regional 721a, 722a, 723a, 724a.In this case, the differentiation of signaling point 721 and signaling point 722, signaling point 723 and signaling point 724 just becomes difficult.That is the second data set D, 2The error rate become very high.Yet, can find out clearly that from figure the differentiation between the group of signaling point 721,722 and the group of signaling point 723,724 is easy.That is, can distinguish the first signal point group 725 and secondary signal point group 726, for this reason, the first data set D 1Can recover with the low error rate.
So, just can launch the data set D that receives two layers 1And D 2Thus, just can obtain having the stratotype transmission of such effect: under the kilter and zone of the C/N of transmission system, the first data set D 1With the second data set D 2The both can recover and can only recover the first data set D under the badness of C/N and zone 1
Figure 61 is the block diagram of transmitter 741, and input stage 742 is made of the first data set input stage 743 and the second data set input stage 744.In multiplier 746, will be carried out amplitude modulation(PAM) from the input signal after the signal processing of input stage 742 from the carrier wave of carrier generator 64, and carry out frequency band limits and become the ASK signal of VSB signal etc. and from output stage 748 outputs by filter 747 by handling level 745.
Describe below by the output waveform after the filter.Figure 62 (a) is the histogram of ASK modulation signal.As shown in the figure, the carrier wave both sides are side frequency bands.This signal as band pass filter Figure 62 (b) of filter 747 transmit 749, keep a little carrier wave composition and remove the side frequency band of a side.All VSB signals can be with about f 0/ 2 band transmission (if f 0Be modulation band), thereby frequency efficiency is good as can be known.The ASK signal of Figure 60 can be equivalent to the amount of information of 4 bit/symbol of 16QAM to be the same frequency band transmission of original 2 bit/symbol with using the VSB mode.
Represent receiver 751 with the block diagram of Figure 63 below, wherein, by the signal process input stage 752 of ground-plane antenna 32a reception, and the signal with the variable oscillator 754 that comes free channel selection to change mixes in blender 753, is for conversion into low intermediate frequency.Detection in wave detector 755 is then become by LPF756 and to be baseband signal, recovers the first data set D by identification restorer 757 1With the second data set D 2, from the first data set output stage 758 and 759 outputs of the second data set output stage.
The following describes the situation of using this transmitter and receiver and transmitting the TV signal.Figure 64 is the block diagram of visual signal transmitter 774.High definition TV signals such as HDTV signal, are separated into by separation of images circuit 404 such as ditlexers from input stage 403 inputs of first image encoder 401 HL VL, HL VH, HH VL, HH VHigh frequency TV signal and low frequency TV signals such as H.Because this content is illustrated with Figure 30 in embodiment 3, has omitted detailed description here.TV signal after the separation uses the methods such as DPCMDCT variable length code that are used with MPEG etc. to encode in compression stage 405.Movable compensation is processed in input stage 403.4 view data after the compression become the first data set D by synthesizer 771 processing 1With the second data set D 22 data sets.At this moment, HL VThe L signal, be that the low-frequency image signal packet is contained in first data set, be imported into first data set input stage 743 of transmitter 741 and the amplitude-modulated signal in the second data set input group 744 and be received, become the ASK signal of VSB etc., launch from ground-plane antenna.
Figure 65 is the whole block diagrams of TV receiver of this digital TV broadcasting.The input stage 752 of the receiver 751 in the broadcast singal input TV receiver 781 that is received by ground-plane antenna 32a, the arbitrary channel signal seen wanted by user-selected of detection demodulation stae 760 demodulate reception recovers the first data set D 1With the second data set D 2, and from the first data set output stage 758 and 759 outputs of the second data set output stage.Owing to describing in detail is omitting of repetition.D 1, D 2The signal input separates level 776.By separator 777 D 1Signal Separation becomes HL VL compression composition is input in first input stage 521.Another part is by synthesizer 778 same D 2Signal is synthetic and be input in second input stage 531, in second image decoder, enters first input stage 521 HL VThe L compressed signal is become by 523 expansions of the first expansion level HL VThe L signal is also sent into the synthetic level 548 of image and picture ratio change circuit 779.Former TV signal under the HDTV RST, HL VThe L signal becomes wide NTSC signal, and original signal becomes the more low-grade low definition TV signal of the NTSC more such than MPEGI under the NTSC RST.
In specification, owing to be the original image signal sets HDTV signal, HL VThe L signal just becomes the TV signal of wide NTSC.If the TV aspect ratio of the picture is 16: 9, export as image output 426 by the former state output stage 780 of 16: 9 picture ratios.If the TV aspect ratio of the picture is 4: 3, changed to character case (レ -ボ ッ Network ス) form or side slat (the サ ィ De バ ネ Le) form of 4: 3 aspect ratio of the picture from 16: 9 by picture ratio change circuit 779, and export 425 by output stage 780 as image and export.
On the other hand, from the second data set D of the second data set output stage 759 3, the signal with separator 777 in the synthesizer 778 that separates level 776 is synthetic, is input in second input stage 531 of second image decoder, is separated into by split circuit 531 HL VL, HH VL, HH VThe compressed signal of H is also sent into respectively in the second expansion level the 535, the 3rd expansion level the 536, the 4th expansion level 537, becomes former through expansion HL VH, HH VL, HH VThe H signal. HL VThe L signal adds in these signals, and is input to and synthesize in the synthetic level 548 of image and becomes a HDTV signal, exports from output stage 546 again, exports as the picture signal 427 of HDTV by output stage 780.
In this output stage 780, detect the error rate that level 782 detects second data set of the second data set output stage 759 with the error rate, output automatically under the high situation of the error rate HL VThe picture signal of the low definition of L signal.
As described above, the emission of stratotype broadcasting, receiving becomes possibility.When transmission conditions are good, for example near the broadcasting of TV transmitting antenna, because first data set and second data set can both recover, then can be with HDTV grade program receiving.And for the broadcasting far away of high emission antenna distance, first data set can recover, from this VL HThe TV signal of L signal output low definition.Thus, can obtain in broader area, can receiving the effect of same program with HDTV grade or NTSCTV grade.
And the block diagram of the TV receiver of image pattern 66 is such, has only reduced the function of receiver 751 with 768 of the first data set output stages, because receiver does not need to handle second data set and HDTV signal, its structure can be simplified significantly.Image decoder preferably uses described first image decoder 421 by Figure 31.Can obtain the image of NTSCTV grade in this case.Because needn't be with HDTV grade program receiving then, it is very cheap that the cost of receiver becomes.The possibility of extensively popularizing is just arranged thus.Owing to do not need to change a lot of receiving systems, but by adding the effect that transducer just can obtain receiving digital broadcast with existing TV display with this system.
By the such formation of Figure 67, the receiver with terrestrial broadcast receiver function of the satellite broadcast receiver of demodulation psk signal and demodulation ASK signal can constitute simply.In this case, the psk signal that is received by satellite antenna 32 mixes with the signal from oscillator 787 in blender 786, and be transformed into low frequency and be input in the input stage 34 of TV receiver 781, and in the described blender 753 of input Figure 63.Be transformed into PSK or the QAM signal that satellite TV broadcasts the low frequency of specific channel and be demodulated to data set D by demodulation stae 35 1, D 2, recover as picture signal by second image decoder 422 by separating level 788, by output stage 780 outputs.On the other hand, be input in the input stage 752 with DTB Digital Terrestrial Broadcasting and the analog broadcasting that antenna 32a receives by ground, with by with the described identical process of Figure 63, select by 753 pairs of specific channels of blender, detection becomes and only is the baseband signal of low frequency.Demodulation is imported in broadcasting to analog satellite TV in blender 753.Under the situation of digital broadcasting, by identification restorer 757 restore data group D 1And D 2, recover picture signal and output by second image decoder 422.And when the analog TV broadcasting that receives ground and satellite, by image demodulation stae 788 carry out the AM demodulation and analog tv signal export by output stage 78 θ.As adopt the formation of Figure 67, and then concerning satellite broadcasting and terrestrial broadcasting, can shared blender 753.And second image decoder 422 can be shared.And, DTB Digital Terrestrial Broadcasting is being used under the situation of ASK signal, because receiving circuits such as just can shared and existing analog broadcasting identical wave detector 755 of AM demodulation and LPF756.Formation as above-mentioned Figure 67, a large amount of shared receiving circuits just have the effect of cutting down circuit.
In an embodiment, 4 value ASK signals are divided into 2 groups, carry out D 1, D 2The stratotype transmission of two layers of each 1 bit.Yet, if use 8 such value ASK signals of Figure 68 just can carry out D 1, D 2, D 3The stratotype transmission of three layers of each 1 bit.In Figure 68, D 3The signaling point of signal is that 2 values of 721a and 721b, 722a and 722b, 723a and 723b, 724a and 724b are 1 bit.D 2Signaling point be signal point group 721 and 722, signal point group 723 and 724 2 the value 1 bit.D 3Just become 2 values, 1 bit of large-signal point group 725 and 726.In this case, 4 signaling points 721,722,723,724 of Figure 57 are separated into 2 times signaling point 721a and 721b, 722a and 722b, 723a and 723b, 724a and 724b respectively, just can carry out three layers stratotype transmission by the distance that separates between each group.
Use this stratotype transmission system of three layers and carry out the transmission of three tomographic images to be illustrated with embodiment 3 and 4, therefore will omit the detailed description of above-mentioned work.
In embodiment 3, the such image encoder of Figure 30 401 has been described, the block diagram of Figure 30 can be replaced by Figure 69.Because whole identical its explanations of then omitting of content.Wherein, image encoder 401 has two separation of images circuit 404,404a such as ditlexer.If they as separating level 794, are then represented with the separation level block diagram of Figure 70.Wherein, just can reduce circuit by in a split circuit, passing through signal with the one-at-a-time operation secondary.To its explanation be: in the period 1, by time shaft compressor circuit 795 its time shafts of compression, and be separated into by split circuit 404 from the picture signal of the HDTV of input stage 403 or super HDTV HH VH-H, HH VL-H, HL VH-H, HL VFour compositions of L-H.At this moment, switch 765,765a, 765b, 765c be in 1 position, HH VH-H, HH VL-H, HL VThree signals of H-H output in the compression stage 405, and HL VThe L-H signal is input to the input 2 of time shaft adjustment circuit 795 from the output 1 of switch 765c, in second round, be i.e. send in the free time of time-division operational processes and carries out separating treatment in the split circuit 404, thereby be divided into HH VH, HH VL, HL VH, HL VFour compositions of L and output.Because switch 765,765a765b, 765c transform to the position of output 2 in second round, then four one-tenth are distributed into compression stage 405.Handle the effect that just can obtain reducing split circuit by the formation of Figure 70 being carried out one-at-a-time operation.
If carry out three layers stratotype image transmission, come receiver side is described with the block diagram of Figure 33 of embodiment 3, then image decoder is necessary.If replacement it then the such block diagram of Figure 71 just necessitate, two distinguishing same structure synthesizers 566 of disposal ability are just arranged.
If adopt the such formation of Figure 72, just can realize with a synthesizer identical with the situation of the split circuit of Figure 70.For Figure 72 is described, by 5 switches 765,765a, 765b, 765c, 765d, at first in timing 1, the input of switch 765,765a, 765b, 765c is transformed to 1.So, expand each that level 522a, the 3rd expands level 522b, the 4th expansion grade 522c from the first expansion level 522, second HL VL, HL VH, HH VL, HH VThe H signal is input to and synthesizer 556 corresponding inputs by switch, becomes a picture signal through synthetic the processing.This picture signal is sent among the switch 765d, is sent in the input 2 of switch 765c by output 1 output again.This picture signal resolves into high-definition image signal with original the same HL VL-H becomes sub-signal.Then in timing 2, switch 765,765a, 765b, 765c transform to input 2.Therefore, this time HH VH-H, HH VL-H, HL VH-H and HL VThe L-H signal is sent into synthesizer 556, obtains a picture signal through synthetic the processing.This picture signal is exported from output stage 554 through the output 2 of switch 765d.
Thus, handle, be reduced to one effect with regard to two synthesizers of handlebar by when the stratotype that receives three layers is broadcasted, carrying out one-at-a-time operation.
So, this method adopts following program: at first input in timing 1 HH VH, HH VL, HL VH, HL VThe L signal, synthetic HL VThe L-H signal.Then, with the timing 2 of 1 different cycles regularly in, HH VH-H, HH VL-H, HL VH-H and above-mentioned HL VThe input of L-H signal obtains final picture signal.Therefore, the timing of the signal of two groups must be staggered.
If with original the same, under the timing order of the mentioned component of institute's input signal or different or situation about repeating,, memory is set in switch 765,765a, 765b, 765c to store in order to separate in time, then must the adjustment time shaft.And by transmitting of transmitter being separated in time the such timing of Figure 73 1 and regularly 2 and launch, receiver side just when not required between the axial adjustment circuit.Thus, the effect with regard to there being the formation that makes receiver to become simple.
The D of the time Pareto diagram of Figure 73 1The first data set D that expression transmits 1, express in the cycle of timing 1 and use D 1Channel Transmission HL VL, HL VH, HH VL, HH VThe H signal is used D in the cycle of timing 2 3Channel Transmission HL VH-H, HH VL-H, HH VThe H-H signal time is arranged.By above-mentioned separate like that in time and transmit transmit the effect that just has the coding circuit that deducts receiver to constitute.
Because the quantity of the expansion level of receiver is a lot.The method of the quantity that reduces them is described below.The time Pareto diagram of the data 810 that Figure 74 (b) expression transmits, 810a, 810b, 810c.In the figure, between above-mentioned data, launch other data 811,811a, 811b, 811c.Like this, as transmitting between the emission data of purpose.Thereby, by second image encoder 422 shown in the block diagram of Figure 74 (a) by first input stage 521 and switch 812 data D 1Level 503 is expanded in input in succession.For example, after data 810 inputs are over, in the cycle of another data 811, carry out divergence process, after data 810 processing are over, then import data 810a.Thus, by the method identical with the situation of synthesizer, just can a shared expansion level 503 by one-at-a-time operation.Like this, just can reduce the sum of expansion level.
Time Pareto diagram when Figure 75 is emission HDTV.For example, if corresponding with the NTSC composition of first channel of broadcast program HL VThe conduct of L signal HL VL (1) is arranged in by the time and uses D 1On the position of the data 821 that the signal thick line is represented.Corresponding to the HDTV supplementary element of first channel HL VH, HH VL, HH VThe H signal is arranged in D 2On the position of the data 821a of signal, 821b, 821c.Like this, owing to other data 822,822a, 822b, the 822c that between the total data of first channel, exist as other TV programme information, then during this period, the divergence process that can expand.Thereby can enough expansion levels handle whole compositions.This mode can be applicable to the situation that expander is handled rapidly.
And, at the such D of Figure 76 1In the signal, array data 821,821a, 821b, 821c also can obtain same effect.Layer as common 4PSK and 4ASK uses interior transmission and is effective when emission receives.
Figure 77 represents that three tomographic images as NTSC and HDTV and high definition HDTV or low definition NTSC and NTSC and HDTV are used two layers stratotype transmission means practically and carries out the time Pareto diagram of layer when broadcasting.For example, under the situation of three tomographic images of launching low definition NTSC and NTSC and HDTV, at D 1In the signal, corresponding to low definition NTSC signal HL VThe L signal is aligned in the data 821.And, as the NTSC separation signal HL VH, HH VL, HH VH respectively becomes sub-signal to be aligned on the position of data 821a, 821b, 821c.As the HDTV separation signal HL VH-H, HH VL-H, HH VThe H-H signal is arranged among data 823,823a, the 823b.
Below, by add the layer transmission of logic by the difference of embodiment 2 described error correction abilities.Specifically be HL VL uses D 1D in the signal 1-1Channel.With embodiment 2 described D 1-2Channel is compared, D 1-1Channel extensively adopts the strong error correction mode of calibration capability.D 1-1Channel and D 1-2Channel is compared, its redundancy height, thereby the error rate after recovering is low, so under than the low condition of the C/N value of other data 821a, 821b, 821c, can recover.Therefore, from antenna area far away or in automobile etc. under the situation of condition of acceptance difference, can be with the level restoration programs such as NTSCTV of low definition.During with the described error rate viewpoint of embodiment 2, at D 1D in the signal 1-1Data 821 in the channel are than being in D 1-2 Other data 821a in the channel, the reception of 821b, 821c are disturbed strong, have any different between the logical layer that is carried out.Embodiment 2 described D 1, D 2Layer, can be described as physical layer, and distinguish by this error correction character spacing, layer structure can be described as the layer structure of logic.
Like this, at D 2In the demodulation of signal, compare D 1The high C/N value of signal reality just necessitates.Thus, under the minimum condition of acceptance of C/N values such as far zone, recover HL VL signal, i.e. low definition NTSC signal.And under the lower condition of acceptance of C/N value, increase recovers HL VH, HH VL, HH VH just can recover the NTSC signal.And, under the high condition of C/N value, increased HLVL again and just recovered HL VH-H, HH VL-H, HH VH-H, thereby just recover the HDTV signal.Like this, can carry out the broadcasting of three layers.By using this mode, but the described receiving area of Figure 53 is expanded three layers to from such two layers of the reception interference region figure shown in Figure 90, but the program receiving area further enlarges.
Figure 78 represents the block diagram of the 3rd image decoder under the time arranging situation of Figure 77.It is by save D from the block diagram of Figure 72 basically 3The formation that adds the block diagram of Figure 74 (a) in the formation of the 3rd input stage 551 of signal constitutes.
For its course of work is described, be: in timing 1, from input stage 521 input D 1Signal is from input stage 530 input D 2Signal.In order to separate in time HL VEach composition such as H is imported expansion level 503 to them successively independently by switch 812.Time Pareto diagram with Figure 77 illustrates this order.At first, first channel HL VL compressed signal input expansion level 503, and carry out divergence process.Then, first channel HL VH, HH VL, HH VH is carried out divergence process, by the specific input end of switch 812a input synthesizer 556, and synthesizes processing, and is synthetic earlier HL VThe L-H signal.This signal is input to the input 2 of switch 765 from the output 1 of switch 765a, imports synthesizer 556 then HL VThe L input.
Then, in timing 2, the D of input shown in the time Pareto diagram of Figure 77 2Signal HL VH-H, HH VL-H, HH VThe H-H signal is expanded by expansion level 503, by switch 812a, each signal is imported the specific input end of synthesizer 556 respectively, synthesize processing, exports the HDTV signal.This HDTV signal is exported the HDTV signals from the output 2 of switch 765a through output stage 521.Launch by arranging, the effect of the quantity of the expansion level that reduces receiver significantly and synthesizer is then just arranged by time of Figure 77 as described above.Moreover, because Figure 77 uses D with the time Pareto diagram 1D 2Two stages of signal are if then use above-mentioned D 3Signal just can increase the TV broadcasting of four layers of high definition HDTV.
Figure 79 is that D has been used in broadcasting 1, D 2, D 3The stratotype airtime Pareto diagram of three tomographic images of three layers of physical layer.As seen from the figure, each composition of same TV channel is not to repeat such arrangement in time.And Figure 80 is the receiver that has increased by the 3rd input stage 521a in by the described receiver of the block diagram of Figure 78.Broadcast by arranging with the time of Figure 79, just having can be to constitute the effect of institute's formation receiver like that simply shown in the block diagram of Figure 80.
The course of work roughly with the time Pareto diagram of Figure 77, the block diagram of Figure 78 is identical, therefore omits its explanation.And, at the such D of the time of Figure 81 Pareto diagram 1In the signal, can carry out time-multiplexed to whole signals.In this case, data 821 are compared with data 821a, 821b, 821c with another data 822 these two data and are had strong error correction ability.Thus, comparing layer with other data and uprise, so just become above-mentionedly, is one deck and logically be two layers layer transmit physically.And, other data of another program channel 2 of insertion between the data of program channel 1.Thus, just serial process can be carried out, the effect identical can be obtained with the time Pareto diagram of Figure 79 at receiver side.
Under the situation of the time of Figure 81 Pareto diagram, owing to become the layer of logic, by data 821, the transmission bit rate of another data 822 drops to 1/2 or 1/3, the error rate when then having reduced this transfer of data, thus the layer that can carry out physics transmits.At this moment, physical layer becomes three layers.
Figure 82 is that the time Pareto diagram of image pattern 81 is such, only transmits data set D 1The block diagram of the image decoder 423 during signal is compared with the image decoder shown in the block diagram of Figure 80, has simpler formation.Because the course of work with identical by the described image decoder of Figure 80, is then economized its explanation.
As above-mentioned,, the effect of the quantity of such expansion level 503 synthesizers 556 of the said block diagram that can reduce Figure 82 is significantly just arranged if emission resembles transmitting the time Pareto diagram of Figure 81.And, owing to four kinds of compositions are separated to import in time, by being that the iconic element of the synthetic level of image 548 internal circuit units of Figure 32 changes connecting relation according to input synthesizer 556, just can be with the shared several assemblies of one-at-a-time operation, and the omission circuit.
By above-mentioned such, just has the effect that constitutes receiver with simple formation.
In embodiment 5, used the ASK modulation and its course of work has been described, but can in by embodiment 1,2,3 described PSK and QAM modulation, use in the several different methods described in the embodiment 5.
And these embodiment can be used for the FSK modulation.
For example, carrying out the such f of Figure 83 1, f 2, f 3, f 4Multivalued FSK when modulation, carry out the such packetizing of signaling point Pareto diagram of Figure 58 of embodiment 5, respectively organize signal point position by separating, can carry out the stratotype transmission.
In Figure 83, frequency f 1, f 2Frequency pool 841 be defined as D 1=0, frequency f 3, f 4Frequency pool be defined as D 1=1.And, f 1, f 3Be defined as D 2=0, f 2, f 4Be defined as D 2,, just can carry out D at=1 o'clock as diagram 1, D 2Each 1 bit amounts to the stratotype transmission of 2 bits.For example, under the high situation of C/N, at t=t 3In, can recover D 1=0, D 2=1, at t=t 4In, can recover D 1=1, D 2=0.And under the low situation of C/N, at t=t 3In can only recover D 1=0, at t=t 4In can only recover D 1=1.So, can carry out the stratotype transmission of FSK.This FSK stratotype transmission means can be used for the stratotype broadcasting of embodiment 3,4,5 described picture signals.
And, in the magnetic recording replay apparatus shown in the block diagram resemble Figure 84, can use embodiments of the invention 5.Embodiment 5 can carry out being reset by the magnetic recording of ASK.
If Figure 84 is described, promptly be, in magnetic recording replay apparatus 851, separate and compress by 401 pairs of picture signals of being imported of image encoder, HL VL becomes the low-frequency image signal that grades to be input in the first data set input stage 743 in the input stage 742, comprising HH VHigh frequency picture signals such as H composition are input in the second data set input stage 744, and are again in the modulating stage 749 in the incoming modem 852, roughly the same to this course of work and the transmitter of Figure 64 of embodiment 5.Modulation signal is recorded on the tape 855 by record reproducing circuit 853 and magnetic head 854.This recording method is out of shape existing digital many-valued record, and can carry out the layer record of physics, just can carry out a layer record by embodiment 1,3 such phase modulated or phase amplitude modulation.Just can carry out a layer record by the multiple track on the tape.Variation by the data transmission rate can be carried out a layer record.And, change the error correction ability, by data being distinguished the layer record that just can carry out logic.
At playback time, by magnetic head 854 and magnetic playback circuitry 853, replay signal is sent in the modulator-demodulator 852 from tape 855.Carry out the course of work roughly the same below with embodiment 1,3,4.Recover the first data set D by demodulation stae 760 1With the second data set D 2, by image decoder 422 output image signals.In this case, owing to carried out layer record, when C/N is high, can recover signal high definition TV signals such as HDTV.On the other hand, when C/N is low, or when recovering with the low magnetic reproducing device of performance, exportable NTSC, TV signal or low definition NTSCTV signal.
In use as described above magnetic reproducing device of the present invention, as far as possible under the high situation of the error rate, still can obtain recovering the effect of same content images with low definition or low image quality at the C/N step-down.
Embodiment 6
Embodiment 6 is used for the present invention to broadcast at four tomographic image layers.By embodiment 2 described four layers of transmission means are combined with four layer data structure, just can obtain four layers of receiving area shown in the reception interference region figure of Figure 91.As shown in the figure, the most inboard is the first receiving area 890a, and its outside is the second receiving area 890b, the 3rd receiving area 890c the 4th receiving area 890d, is described realizing this mode of four layers.
In realizing four layers, have according to four layers of physical layer of modulation and four layers of logical layer distinguishing according to error rate calibration capability, to the former, because the C/N of interlayer difference is big, concerning four layers, big C/N just necessitates, and to the latter, but because demodulation is a prerequisite, the C/N difference of interlayer can be not big, this is real, uses two layers of physical layer and bilaminar logic layer, carries out four layers layer transmission.At first describe below the method for four layers of the high one-tenth of sub image signal.
Figure 93 is the block diagram of split circuit 3, and split circuit 3 is made of separation of images circuit 895 and four compressor circuits.Because the block diagram of the split circuit 404 in the inside basic comprising of split circuit 404a, 404b, 404c and first image encoder 401 of Figure 30 is identical, so omit its explanation.Split circuit 404a etc. separate picture signal becomes low-frequency component HL VL and radio-frequency component HH VH and inter-level HH VL, HL VFour signals of H.In this case, HL VThe definition of L becomes 1/2nd of original image signal.
Like this, the picture signal of being imported is divided equally by separation of images circuit 404a becomes radio-frequency component and low-frequency component.Owing to be divided into level and vertical direction, then export four kinds of compositions.The burble point of high and low frequency is exactly intermediate point in this embodiment.Thus, be under the situation of the vertical 1000 HDTV signals of going at input signal, HL VThe L signal is 1/2nd TV signal with regard to the horizontal definition that becomes vertical 500 lines.
Low-frequency component HL VThe L signal is divided equally into the frequency content of level, vertical direction once more respectively by split circuit 404c.Thus, HL VThe output of L just becomes for example vertical 250 row, horizontal definition becomes 1/4.If it is defined as the LL signal, the LL composition is compressed by compression stage 405a, as D 1-1Signal output.
On the other hand, HL VThree compositions of the radio-frequency component of L synthesize a LH signal by synthesizer 772, are compressed and as D by compression stage 405b 1-2Signal output.In this case, three compression stages preferably are set between split circuit 404c and synthesizer 772.
Radio-frequency component HH VH, HL VH, HH VThree compositions of L become one by synthesizer 772a HH VThe H-H signal.Compressed signal is under the situation of 1000 row vertical, horizontal both, and this signal has the composition of 500 row～1000 row on level, vertical direction.Thereby be separated into four compositions by split circuit 404b.
Be separated into the composition of 500 row～750 row of level, vertical direction thus as HLVL output.It is called the HH signal. HH VH, HL VH, HH VThree compositions of L have the compositions of 750 row～1000 row, are synthesized and are become the HH signal by synthesizer 772b, are compressed at compression stage 405d, as D 2-2Signal output.On the other hand, the HL signal is as D 2-1Signal output.Thus, LL is D 1-1Signal has for example following composition of 0 row～250 row, and LH is D 1-2Signal has the following frequency content of above 500 row of 250 row, and HL is D 2-1Signal has the following composition of above 750 row of 500 row, and HH is D 3-2Signal has the following composition of above 1000 row of 750 row.Therefore, has the effect that can access the stratotype data structure by this split circuit 3.Split circuit 3 parts in split circuit 3 by using this Figure 93 and the transmitter 1 that embodiment 2 described Figure 87 are set just can be carried out four layers stratotype transmission.
So, by stratotype data configuration and stratotype transmission being combined the image transmission under the image quality variation condition in the time of just realizing with the C/N variation.It just has the effect that enlarges effective service area in broadcasting.The receiver that demodulation recovers this signal has the identical formation and the course of work with second receiver of embodiment 2 described Figure 88.Thus, can omit its all course of work.But owing to handle picture signal, the formation of synthetic level 37 is different with data transmission.Describe synthetic level 37 below in detail.
In embodiment 2, as illustrated with the receiver block diagram of Figure 88, the signal that is received is carried out error correction by demodulation, and becomes D 1-1, D 1-2, D 2-1, D 2-2The synthetic level 37 of these four signals and input.
Figure 94 is the block diagram of synthetic level 33.The D that is imported 1-1, D 1-2, D 2-1, D 2-2Signal is expanded in expansion level 523a, 523b, 523c, 523d, becomes described LL, LH, HL, HH signal in the split circuit of Figure 93.In this signal, if the frequency of the level of original image signal, vertical direction as 1, then LL becomes 1/4, LL+LH becomes 1/2, LL+LH+HL becomes 3/4, LL+LH+HL+HH becomes 1 frequency band.The LH signal is separated by separator 531a, and is synthetic with the LL signal in the synthetic level of image 548a, the synthetic level of input picture 548c's HL VThe L terminal.For the example explanation of the synthetic level of image 531a, owing in the image decoder 527 of Figure 32, be illustrated, then with its omission.On the other hand, the HH signal is separated by separator 531b, and among the synthetic level of the input picture 548b.The HL signal synthesizes with the HH signal in the synthetic level of image 548b and becomes HH VThe H-H signal, 531c separates by separator, and is synthetic and become picture signal with the composite signal of LH and LL in the synthetic level of image 548c, from synthetic level 33 outputs.In the output stage 36 of second receiver of Figure 88, become TV signal and output.In this case, if original signal is vertical 1050 row, the HDTV signals of about 1000 row then just can receive the TV signal of four image quality by four condition of acceptances shown in the reception interference figure of Figure 91.
Image quality to the TV signal is elaborated, and Figure 91 and Figure 86 are concentrated becomes 1 width of cloth figure, is the transport layer structural map of Figure 92.As it,, in receiving area 862d, 862c, 862b, 862a, can recover D in succession along with C/N raises 1-1, D 1-2, D 2-1, D 2-2, just increased data volume by adding the layer channel that can recover.
When the layer transmission of picture signal, as the transport layer structural map of Figure 95, recover the layer channel of LL, LH, HL, HH signal along with the C/N rising.Thus, approaching along with to the distance of transmitting antenna, image quality is improved.When L=Ld, recover the LL signal, during L=Lc, recover the LL+LH signal, recover the LL+LH+HL signal during L=Lb, recover the LL+LH+HL+HH signal during L=La.Thus, if the frequency band of original signal is 1, just in each receiving area, obtain the image quality of 1/4,1/2,3/4,1 frequency band respectively.Be under the situation of HDTV of vertical scan line 1000 row at original signal, obtain the TV signals of 250 row, 500 row, 750 row, 1000 row respectively.In such step, the transmission of the stratotype image of image quality difference is possible.Figure 96 is the reception interference figure when having digital HDTV broadcasting now.Indicated as chart, in existing mode, be that Vo is when following at C/N, the recovery of TV signal is impossible fully, thus, and in the inboard of effective service area R, with other zone of competition, usefulness * symbolic representations place such as building shade can not receive.Figure 97 represents to use HDTV layer broadcast reception state diagram of the present invention.Shown in Figure 97, be C/N=a at distance L a place, at the C/N=b of Lb place, be C/N=c at the Lc place, be C/N=d at the Ld place, in this each receiving area, can obtain the image quality of 250 row, 500 row, 750 row, 1000 row respectively.With the interior place that the C/N difference is arranged, then just there is the zone that to recover the HDTV image quality at distance L a.Yet, under this condition, can recover the image of image quality reduction.For example, B place at the building shade, can recover the image quality of 750 row, the image quality of 250 row can be recovered in D place in electric car, can recover the image quality of 750 row in the F place that is subjected to ghost image, the image quality of 250 row can be recovered in D place in automobile, can recover 250 image quality of going with the L place of other zone of competition.As above-mentioned, the layer transmission of the application of the invention, the zone that the mode with existing suggested design of making can not receive recovery becomes to receiving, the effect that just has effective service area of making the TV platform to enlarge significantly.Shown in the layer transmission diagram of Figure 98, by using D 1-1The program D of channel radio and this regional analog broadcasting same program uses D 1-2, D 2-1, D 2-2Frequency is broadcasted other program C, B, A, and broadcasting is guaranteed in radio hookup when making program D in region-wide, provides other three program service while finish the task of radio hookup simultaneously, thereby obtains the effect of Polymeraization.
Because a feature of stratotype transmission means of the present invention is to improve frequency efficiency, then power utilization has suitable decline concerning a part of receiver.Thus, can not be applicable to all transmission systems.For example,, in the meantime, change the machine that can obtain highest frequency utilance and peak power utilance into and be exactly the mode of high economy, there is no need to use the present invention in such occasion for the satellite communication system between the specific reception user.
Yet when satellite broadcast or terrestrial broadcasting mode, the such stratotype transmission means of the present invention is necessary.This is because under the standard of satellite broadcasting, requires to have the stability more than 50 years.During this period, broadcast standard can not change, so along with the transmitting power of technological innovation satellite has improved by leaps and bounds.The future of broadcasting station after decades, receiver rating that can enough present manufacturings is listened to the TV program, just must carry out the broadcasting with interchangeability.If use the present invention just can obtain having now NTSC broadcasting and the interchangeability of HDTV broadcasting and the effect of transinformation autgmentability in future.
The present invention more payes attention to frequency efficiency comparison power utilization, so by having set several receivers that the design receiving sensitivity is set respectively at receiver side according to each transmitting step, so just there is no need to increase the power of transmitter.Thus, can launch fully with the existing little satellite of power.And in the future, under the condition that transmitting power increases, owing to transmit with same standard, just can obtain the autgmentability in future and newly return the interchangeability of receiver.As described above, use in the present invention under the situation of satellite broadcast standard, have significant effect.
When stratotype transmission means of the present invention is used for terrestrial broadcasting,, compare the easier enforcement of the present invention with satellite broadcasting owing to there is no need to consider fully power utilization.The present invention have can reduce significantly in the effective service area that in above-mentioned existing digital HDTV broadcast mode, exists can not the receiving area remarkable result and the compatible effect of above-mentioned NTSC and HDTV receiver or player.Has the effect that the service area is arranged that has enlarged in fact when several program investors' angle is seen.Although the example that uses with the modulation system of 16QAM and 32QAM has been described in an embodiment, self-evident, also be to be suitable for 64QAM or 128QAM or 256QAM etc.And, also can be applicable to the described many-valued PSK of figure or ASK or FSK.

Claims (10)

1. signal transmitting apparatus comprises:
A modulator, be used to modulate the carrier wave that has input signal, thereby produce modulated signal, a corresponding signaling point in m the signaling point in each symbolic representation that it had and the signal space diagram, wherein m is an integer, described modulator has a receiving mechanism, be used to receive first data flow that contains n value and the input signal of second data flow, m signaling point is divided into n signal point group, n value of first data flow divided a plurality of signaling points of tasking n signal point group and the data branch of second data flow being tasked each n signal point group respectively; With
A sender is for sending modulated signal;
It is characterized in that, described modulator has a shift mechanism, be used for each signaling point of received signal is moved on to other position of signal space diagram, make wantonly two spacings of adjoining between any two immediate signaling points of signal point group become 2d * S, thereby the signaling point of the m in the signal graph can be distinguished each other and come by the first threshold group that signal graph is divided into m district, n in the signal graph signaling point group can be distinguished each other and come by the second threshold group that more cursorily signal space diagram is divided into n district than the first threshold group, wherein 2d is m signaling point two spacings of adjoining between two approach signal points of signal point group when signal space diagram equidistantly disposes, and S is the displacement coefficient greater than 1.
2. signal transmitting apparatus as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, first data flow transmits the information that constitutes first television image, second data flow transmits the information that improves first quality of TV image, thereby makes streamed information of first data and the streamed information combination of second data constitute definition second television image higher than first television image.
3. signal transmitting apparatus as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, first data flow transmits the information of TV signal low frequency component, and second data flow transmits the information of TV signal high fdrequency component.
4. signal receiving device, the signal of a corresponding signaling point in P signaling point of its each symbolic representation signal space diagram that confession reconstruct is received, P signaling point is divided into n signal point group, each signal point group contains P/n signaling point, the signal of being received contains branch and tasks first data flow of n signal point group and second data flow of dividing P/n signaling point tasking each n signal point group, and described signal receiving device comprises:
A demodulator, thereby draw reconstruct data for the signal that demodulation is received, demodulator has two elements, an element comes for by the second threshold group n signal point group being distinguished from each other, and the value of n signal point group making a distinction of demodulation is to obtain the reconstruct data of first data flow, another element for by the first threshold group distinguishing P/n signaling point of each n signal point group, thereby and the value of P/n the signaling point that makes a distinction in each n signal point group of confession demodulation obtain the reconstruct data of second data flow; With
An output circuit is for the reconstruct data of combination from first and second data flow of demodulator;
It is characterized in that, each signaling point of the signal received is moved on to other position in the signal space diagram, making the spacing between any two any two immediate signaling points that adjoin the signal point group is 2d * S, thereby the n in the signal graph signal point group can be distinguished from each other with the first threshold group and come, n in the signal graph signal point group can be distinguished from each other open with the second threshold group, wherein 2d is the spacing between immediate two signaling points of two signal point groups that adjoin when the signal space diagram intermediate reach disposes of P signaling point, and S is the displacement coefficient greater than 1; And
Demodulator has element to cancel second data flow for the error rate of transfer of data during greater than the predetermined errors rate, continues output first data flow simultaneously, thereby the information that is transmitted by first data flow only is provided.
5. signal receiving device as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, first data flow transmits the information that constitutes first television image, second data flow transmits the information that improves first quality of TV image, thereby makes streamed information of first data and the streamed information combination of second data constitute definition second television image higher than first television image.
6. signal receiving device as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, first data flow transmits the information of TV signal low frequency component in scheduled frequency range, and second data flow is transmitted in the high-frequency component information of the TV signal that is higher than scheduled frequency range.
7. signal transmission system comprises:
A signal transmitting apparatus, has a signal input circuit, a modulation circuit, this modulation circuit is for the input signal modulated carrier that comes with the signal input circuit feedback, thereby produce a corresponding modulated signal of signaling point in m signaling point of each symbolic representation signal space diagram, wherein m is an integer, with a transmitting circuit, be used to send modulated signal, wherein modulation circuit has an element for the input signal that receives first data flow and second data flow that contain n value, m signaling point is divided into n signal point group, n value of first data flow divided respectively task n signal point group, and the data branch of second data flow is tasked each signaling point of each n signal point group; With
A signal receiving device, an input circuit, a demodulator and an output circuit are arranged, input circuit is for the modulated signal that receives sender, the signal of P the corresponding signaling point of signaling point in each symbolic representation signal space diagram that demodulator confession demodulation is received, the signal that the output circuit output demodulator comes through demodulation.Wherein demodulator has an element for P signaling point is divided into n signal point group with the second threshold group, and the value of n signal point group of confession demodulation is to obtain the reconstruct data of first data flow, also have an element for P/n the signaling point of distinguishing with the first threshold group in each n the signal point group, and in each n signal point group of confession demodulation the value of a differentiable P/n signaling point to obtain the reconstruct data of second data flow;
It is characterized in that, described modulation circuit has a shift component, for other position that each signaling point of received signal is moved on in the signal space diagram, make the spacing between any two immediate signaling points of any two signal point groups become 2d * S, thereby P/n signaling point in each n the signal point group can be distinguished from each other open in signal space diagram with the first threshold group, n signal point group can be distinguished from each other open in signal space diagram with the second threshold group, wherein 2d is P signaling point two spacings of adjoining between two immediate signaling points of signal point group when the signal space diagram intermediate reach disposes, and S is greater than 1 and the displacement coefficient.
8. system as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that, first data flow transmits the information that constitutes first television image, second data flow transmits the information that improves first quality of TV image, thereby makes streamed information of first data and the streamed information combination of second data constitute definition second television image higher than first television image.
9. system as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, first data flow transmits the low frequency component of TV signal, and second data flow transmits the high fdrequency component of TV signal.
10. as the described system of each claim of claim 7 to 9, it is characterized in that, described demodulator has an element, be used for when the error rate of transfer of data is higher than the predetermined errors rate, cancelling second data flow, continue output first data flow simultaneously, thereby the information that is transmitted by first data flow only is provided.
CN92102955A 1991-03-27 1992-03-27 Digital communication system Expired - Lifetime CN1045036C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP6279891 1991-03-27
JP62798/91 1991-03-27
JP9581391 1991-04-25
JP95813/91 1991-04-25
JP15565091 1991-05-29
JP155650/91 1991-05-29
JP18223691 1991-07-23
JP182236/91 1991-07-23

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EP0617531A1 (en) * 1993-03-25 1994-09-28 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Multiresolution transmission system
CN105791896A (en) * 2013-05-09 2016-07-20 蔡留凤 Ultrahigh-definition digital television signal transmitter on mobile vehicle
CN105763888A (en) * 2013-05-09 2016-07-13 蔡留凤 Ultra high definition digital television signal transmitter capable of improving television program resolution
US9553754B1 (en) * 2015-09-10 2017-01-24 Qualcomm Incorporated Post distortion in satellite communications

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EP0031193A1 (en) * 1979-08-31 1981-07-01 Paradyne Corporation Double sideband quadrature carrier modulation system and method of transmitting information using the point constellation of such a system
EP0122805A2 (en) * 1983-04-14 1984-10-24 Codex Corporation Block coded modulation system
EP0311188A2 (en) * 1987-10-06 1989-04-12 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. System for broadcasting HDTV images over standard television frequency channels

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EP0031193A1 (en) * 1979-08-31 1981-07-01 Paradyne Corporation Double sideband quadrature carrier modulation system and method of transmitting information using the point constellation of such a system
EP0122805A2 (en) * 1983-04-14 1984-10-24 Codex Corporation Block coded modulation system
EP0311188A2 (en) * 1987-10-06 1989-04-12 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. System for broadcasting HDTV images over standard television frequency channels

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