CN104502970B - A kind of shale gas reservoir fracturing region choosing method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The embodiment of the present application discloses a kind of shale gas reservoir fracturing region choosing method, belongs to oil and gas exploitation technical field.This method is specifically included：The Rock Elastic Parameters of target area sample point are calculated according to log data；Crossplot analysis is carried out to the Rock Elastic Parameters, the Poisson's ratio base value and fragility base value of shale gas reservoir is obtained；Prestack inversion is carried out to seismic data, the Rock Elastic Parameters data volume of target area is calculated；Layer position is carried out to the elastic parameter data body to explain, the top bottom interface in shale gas region and the top bottom interface of brittle zone are determined according to Poisson's ratio base value and fragility base value；Choose the maximum region of fragility in the common factor of shale gas-bearing formation and brittle layer and be used as fracture zone.The method of the embodiment of the present application can be linked up the seam net that gas bearing shale reservoir forms maximum, be conducive to shale gas farthest to exploit by finding fragility in shale gas reservoir than larger region progress pressure break.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas exploitation, in particular to a shale gas reservoir fracturing area selection method.
Background
Shale gas is an unconventional natural gas resource and is the key point of domestic and foreign research in recent years. At present, a horizontal well and a multi-section fracturing technology are mainly adopted for shale gas development, a gas-containing reservoir is communicated through artificial fractures generated by fracturing, the permeability of the reservoir is improved, and smooth exploitation of shale gas is guaranteed.
In general, a fractured zone of a shale gas reservoir is required to have not only a high gas abundance, but also a high brittleness. Generally, the two can better enable the fracture generated by fracturing to penetrate through a gas-containing reservoir when the two are required to be simultaneously met, and the yield of shale gas is ensured to the maximum extent. However, places with high gas content tend to be relatively less brittle and are not conducive to fracturing. In the prior art, the over-fracturing is usually performed by searching a block with larger brittleness above or below a block with larger gas content. And the brittle blocks above or below are communicated with the blocks with larger gas content through fracturing, so that the permeability of the shale gas reservoir is increased, and the yield is increased.
However, the fracture zones identified by the above prior art have a low gas content, although they have a high brittleness. Moreover, a thick sandstone interlayer or a thick sandstone-mudstone interlayer may exist between the block with high brittleness and the block with high gas content, and the interlayer may not be effectively cracked. In summary, the fracturing area determined in the prior art cannot enable the shale gas reservoir to form the maximum fracture network communication after fracturing, so that shale gas cannot be exploited to the maximum extent.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application aims to provide a shale gas reservoir fracturing area selection method, which is used for fracturing a place with higher brittleness in an area with high gas content, so that the shale gas reservoir is fractured to form the largest fracture network communication, and the shale gas is guaranteed to be exploited to the maximum extent.
In order to solve the technical problem, the method for selecting the fracturing area of the shale gas reservoir provided by the embodiment of the application is realized as follows:
a shale gas reservoir fracturing area selection method comprises a first step, a second step and a third step, wherein,
the first step comprises the following steps:
acquiring logging data of a target area, and calculating rock elasticity parameters of sample points of the target area according to the logging data;
performing intersection analysis on the rock elastic parameters to obtain a Poisson ratio value domain and a brittleness value domain of the shale gas reservoir, selecting a Poisson ratio base value from the Poisson ratio value domain, and selecting a brittleness base value from the brittleness value domain;
the second step comprises the following steps:
acquiring seismic data of a target area, performing prestack inversion on the seismic data, and calculating a rock elastic parameter data volume of the target area;
the third step comprises:
performing horizon interpretation on the rock elastic parameter data body, and respectively determining a top-bottom interface of a shale gas region and a top-bottom interface of a brittle region according to the Poisson ratio basic value and the brittle basic value;
and respectively determining a shale gas layer and a brittle layer according to the top-bottom interface of the shale gas area and the top-bottom interface of the brittle area, and selecting a region with high brittleness in the intersection area of the shale gas layer and the brittle layer as a fracturing area.
According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application, the Poisson ratio base value and the brittleness base value of the shale gas layer are determined according to the logging data of the target area, and the Poisson ratio base value and the brittleness base value are the Poisson ratio base value and the brittleness base value of the shale gas layer at the sample point in the target area. And then, pre-stack inversion is carried out on the seismic data of the target area, and the shale gas reservoir and the brittle layer of the target area in the target area are determined according to the Poisson ratio base value and the brittle base value. And finally, determining a region with high brittleness in the shale gas reservoir, and taking the region as a favorable fracturing region. The area with high brittleness is found in the shale gas reservoir for fracturing, so that the shale gas reservoir can form the largest seam network communication after fracturing, and the shale gas reservoir is beneficial to exploitation to the largest extent.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without any creative effort.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a shale gas reservoir fracturing area selection method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for determining a Poisson's ratio base value and a brittleness base value of a shale gas layer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3a is a cross-plot of rock elasticity parameters according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3b is another cross-plot of rock elasticity parameters according to the embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3c is a well log of an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3d is another log of an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is another cross-plot of rock elasticity parameters in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is another cross-plot of rock elasticity parameters in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The embodiment of the application provides a shale gas reservoir fracturing area selection method.
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solutions in the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
Generally, the selection of the beneficial fracture zone of shale gas first considers the high Total Organic Carbon (TOC) zone in the shale gas reservoir. Normally, the gas content is large in areas with high TOC. Thus, it is generally only possible for areas with high TOC to be considered as fracture areas. Secondly, whether effective pressure opening can be considered after the TOC reaches the index, namely the index of reservoir brittleness. However, in general, TOC is inversely related to brittleness, and places with high TOC tend to be relatively less brittle.
Studies have also shown that: the poisson ratio may indirectly reflect TOC, in general the lower the poisson ratio the better the gas content, indicating a greater TOC.
The method for selecting the fracturing area of the shale gas reservoir provided by the embodiment of the application is shown in fig. 1 and comprises the following steps:
s101: and acquiring the rock elasticity parameters of the sample points in the target area.
The logging data is obtained by acquiring and processing the logging data of the drilled well (sample point) in the target area by a method known in the art. And calculating the rock elasticity parameters of the sample points according to the logging data.
The well logging data comprises longitudinal waves, transverse waves, density and the like.
The rock elastic parameters include longitudinal wave impedance (Z)P) Transverse wave impedance (Z)S) λ ρ, μ ρ, poisson's ratio, brittleness, etc., where λ is the lame coefficient, μ is the shear modulus, and ρ is the density.
In addition, studies have shown that: the larger the Young's modulus, the more brittle the rock. Thus, the brittleness of a rock can be generally characterized by young's modulus.
S102: and acquiring a Poisson ratio base value and a brittleness base value of the layer of the sample point.
The target horizon is generally a shale gas reservoir interval in a stratigraphic sequence.
The brittleness basis is generally a young's modulus basis.
According to the rock elasticity parameters of the sample points in the target area, a method for determining a poisson ratio base value and a brittleness base value of a shale gas interval is specifically as follows as shown in fig. 2:
s1021: and (3) carrying out intersection analysis on other elastic parameters except brittleness in the rock elastic parameters and the Poisson ratio two by two or three.
And (4) making a cross plot of the elastic parameters of the rock except brittleness and the Poisson ratio, and performing cross analysis.
The intersection analysis is generally to intersect two or three kinds of data information in a plane, wherein the abscissa represents one kind of data information, such as elastic parameters such as longitudinal wave impedance, and the ordinate represents another kind of data information, such as elastic parameters such as transverse wave impedance. In some cases, the color scale may represent a third type of data information, such as an elasticity parameter, such as poisson's ratio.
In some embodiments, the cross-plot is shown in FIG. 3a with compressional impedance on the abscissa, shear impedance on the ordinate, and Poisson's ratio on the color scale.
In other embodiments, the cross-plot is shown in FIG. 3b with λ ρ on the abscissa, μ ρ on the ordinate, and Poisson's ratio on the color scale. Where λ ρ is the product of the lame coefficient and the density, and μ ρ is the product of the shear modulus and the density.
S1022: and acquiring a Poisson ratio base value of the shale gas interval.
And projecting the shale gas layer onto an elastic parameter intersection map according to the logging depth of the actually drilled shale gas layer. The cross plot can well distinguish the shale gas layer from surrounding rocks around the shale gas layer, so that the range of the Poisson's ratio of the shale gas layer can be determined. And taking the maximum value of the Poisson ratio in the range as the base Poisson ratio value according to the range of the Poisson ratio of the shale gas layer.
In some embodiments, the log is as shown in FIG. 3 c. The left curve is a corresponding relation curve of longitudinal wave impedance and logging depth, and the right curve is a corresponding relation curve of transverse wave impedance and logging depth. And determining the depth section of the shale gas layer according to the logging information, and determining the longitudinal wave impedance and the transverse wave impedance of the depth section of the shale gas layer according to the logging information. As shown in fig. 3a, a cross plot analysis was performed on the longitudinal wave impedance, the transverse wave impedance, and the poisson's ratio. The shale gas formation is projected onto the cross plot shown in fig. 3a to form a cross display based on the compressional and shear wave impedances of the shale gas formation determined in fig. 3 c. In fig. 3a, the poisson ratio of the shale gas layer and the poisson ratio of the surrounding rock of the shale gas layer are different in color, and the poisson ratio range of the shale gas layer is determined according to the color. The maximum value of the Poisson's ratio in the range is taken as the base Poisson's ratio value. From fig. 3a, it can be determined that the base poisson ratio value of the shale gas layer is 0.22.
In other embodiments, the log is as shown in FIG. 3 d. The left curve is a corresponding relation curve of lambda rho and logging depth, and the right curve is a corresponding relation curve of mu rho and logging depth. And determining the depth section of the shale gas layer according to the logging information, and determining lambda rho and mu rho of the depth section of the shale gas layer according to the logging information. As shown in fig. 3b, a cross plot analysis was performed for λ ρ, μ ρ and poisson's ratio. The shale gas layer is projected onto the cross plot shown in fig. 3b to form a cross display according to λ ρ and μ ρ of the shale gas layer as determined in fig. 3 d. In fig. 3b, the poisson ratio of the shale gas layer and the poisson ratio of the surrounding rock of the shale gas layer are different in color, and the range of the poisson ratio of the shale gas layer is determined according to the color. The maximum value of the Poisson's ratio in the range is taken as the base Poisson's ratio value. From fig. 3b, it can be determined that the base poisson ratio value of the shale gas layer is 0.22.
S1023: and (3) carrying out intersection analysis on the elastic parameters and the brittleness of the rock two by two or three.
And (4) making a cross plot of the elastic parameter and the brittleness of the rock, and performing cross analysis.
In some embodiments, the cross-plot is shown in FIG. 4 with longitudinal wave impedance on the abscissa, elastic modulus (expressed in Young's modulus) on the ordinate, and Poisson's ratio on the scale.
S1024: and acquiring a brittleness value range of the shale gas interval.
And projecting the shale gas layer onto an elastic parameter intersection map according to the logging depth of the actually drilled shale gas layer. The intersection graph can well distinguish the shale gas reservoir from the surrounding rock, so that the brittleness range of the shale layer can be determined.
In some embodiments, the longitudinal wave impedance of the depth section of the shale gas formation is determined from the left-hand curve in FIG. 3 c. As shown in fig. 4, cross plot analysis was performed on the longitudinal wave impedance, elastic modulus, and poisson's ratio. The shale gas formation is projected onto the cross plot shown in fig. 4 to form a cross display based on the longitudinal wave impedance of the shale gas formation as determined in fig. 3 c. According to the ordinate of fig. 4, the brittleness range of the shale gas layer can be determined to be 14-24 GPa.
S1025: and acquiring a brittleness base value of the shale gas interval.
Performing intersection analysis on the Poisson ratio and the brittleness, comprehensively obtaining a Poisson ratio base value and a brittleness value range of the shale gas layer section, selecting a region with relatively high brittleness within the range of the Poisson ratio base value, and taking the minimum value of the brittleness in the region as the brittleness base value of the shale gas layer.
In certain embodiments, the poisson's ratio and brittleness can be plotted in fig. 5, with the elastic modulus on the abscissa and the poisson's ratio on the ordinate. In fig. 5, a region with a poisson ratio less than 0.22 is used as a poisson ratio value region of the shale gas layer, a region with a brittleness value between 14-24GPa is used as a brittleness value region of the shale gas layer, and an intersection region of the poisson ratio value region and the brittleness value region of the shale gas layer is obtained. Analyzing the distribution change of the brittleness in the intersection area, and selecting an area with a relatively high brittleness value from the intersection area, wherein the brittleness value range of the area with the relatively high brittleness value is 20-24Gpa (an oval part in fig. 5), so that 20GPa is used as the brittleness base value of the shale gas layer. When an area with a relatively high brittleness value is selected from the intersection area, the separation condition of the area with the relatively high brittleness value from other areas needs to be considered, and the area with the relatively high brittleness value and a relatively obvious boundary with other areas in the intersection area is used as a selected area.
S103: and acquiring an elastic parameter data body of the target area.
Seismic data are acquired by field acquisition, and gather data (such as common reflection point gather data) are acquired after processing.
And performing prestack elastic parameter inversion on the seismic data, and performing inversion on different elastic parameter data volumes through data volumes of different gathers.
For example, the interval of interest of the target area is analyzed for the range of incidence angles and the gather data is selected for the optimal range of angles, e.g., 5-25 degrees. And then carrying out superposition processing on the angle gather data within an angle range to obtain a superposed section within the angle range, and then carrying out prestack elastic impedance inversion on the superposed section to obtain an inversion elastic parameter data volume of longitudinal wave impedance, transverse wave impedance, density and the like. And substituting the inverted elastic parameter data body into the following formula to finally derive rock elastic parameter data bodies such as a Poisson ratio body, a Young modulus body, a Lame coefficient body and the like. The formula is:
λρ＝(VPρ)2-2(VSρ)2＝ZP 2-2ZS 2
μρ＝(VPρ)2＝ZS 2
wherein,λ is Lame coefficient, μ is shear modulus, ρ is density, E is Young's modulus, VP、VSRespectively longitudinal wave velocity and transverse wave velocity, gamma is the square of the velocity ratio of longitudinal wave to transverse wave, sigma is Poisson's ratio, ZP、ZSλ ρ is the product of the Lame coefficient and density, and μ ρ is the product of the shear modulus and density, for longitudinal and transverse wave impedance.
S104: and acquiring the top-bottom interface of the shale gas area and the brittle area.
And (4) according to the Poisson ratio base value and the brittleness base value of the shale gas layer at the sample point in the step S102, performing horizon interpretation on the Poisson ratio body and the brittle body in the step S103, and finally determining a top-bottom interface of the shale gas region and the brittle region. The method comprises the following specific steps:
and determining a poisson ratio range on the poisson ratio body according to the base value of the poisson ratio. The range is a region on the poisson ratio body smaller than the base poisson ratio value, and the region is generally a shale gas region. And performing horizon interpretation on the Poisson ratio body, and determining a top-bottom interface of the shale gas area. The top-bottom interfaces generally refer to the upper and lower interfaces of the shale gas zone.
And determining the brittleness range on the brittle body according to the brittleness base value. This range is a region of the brittle body having a value greater than the brittle base value, and this region is generally a region in which fracturing can be performed. And carrying out horizon interpretation on the brittle body, and determining a bottom interface of the top of the brittle region. The top-bottom interface generally refers to the upper and lower interfaces of the brittle zone.
S105: and determining the shale gas layer and the brittle layer.
Since the process of the top-bottom interface between the shale gas zone and the brittle zone obtained in step S104 is performed in the time domain, time-depth conversion of seismic data is required, so as to obtain the thickness of the shale gas layer and the thickness of the brittle layer.
The time-depth conversion generally refers to a process of converting seismic data from a time domain to a depth domain depending on the velocity of seismic waves.
S106: and acquiring the Poisson's ratio distribution change of the shale gas layer and the brittleness distribution change of the brittleness layer.
And in the thickness range of the shale gas layer and the thickness range of the brittle layer, slicing along the layer in different time shifts along the Poisson's ratio body of the shale gas layer and the brittle body of the brittle layer respectively to obtain the Poisson's ratio distribution change of the shale gas layer and the brittle distribution change of the brittle layer.
S107: determining a fracture zone of the shale gas reservoir.
And selecting an intersection area of the shale gas layer and the brittle layer, and analyzing the Poisson' S ratio change and the brittle change in the intersection area according to the result of the step S106. And selecting a region with a large brittleness value from the intersection region as a fracturing region.
The shale gas reservoir fracturing area selection method provided by the embodiment of the application. Wherein, step S101 and step S102 are executed in sequence. Step S101 and step S102 may be executed in parallel with step S103 as a whole.
In the prior art, the excessive fracturing of a block with large brittleness is found above or below a block with large gas content, which can correspondingly increase the cost, such as fracturing fluid, slurry and the like. According to the method provided by the embodiment of the application, the area with high brittleness is searched in the shale gas reservoir for fracturing, so that the fracturing cost is reduced.
The method provided by the embodiment of the application can ensure the fracturing modification effect of the reservoir to the maximum extent, ensure that the shale gas reservoir fractures to form the maximum fracture network communication, realize the exploitation of shale gas to the maximum extent, reduce the raw fracturing cost, provide technical preparation for the exploration and development of shale gas in China, and guide the design of the shale gas horizontal well track and the optimization of the fracturing scheme.
While the present application has been described with examples, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that there are numerous variations and permutations of the present application without departing from the spirit of the application, and it is intended that the appended claims encompass such variations and permutations without departing from the spirit of the application.
Claims (8)
1. A shale gas reservoir fracturing area selection method is characterized by comprising a first step, a second step and a third step, wherein,
the first step comprises the following steps:
acquiring logging data of a target area, and calculating rock elasticity parameters of sample points of the target area according to the logging data;
performing intersection analysis on the rock elastic parameters to obtain a Poisson ratio value domain and a brittleness value domain of the shale gas reservoir, selecting a Poisson ratio base value from the Poisson ratio value domain, and selecting a brittleness base value from the brittleness value domain; wherein the Poisson ratio base value is a maximum Poisson ratio value in the Poisson ratio value domain; the brittleness base value is the minimum brittleness value in the brittleness value range;
the second step comprises the following steps:
acquiring seismic data of a target area, performing prestack inversion on the seismic data, and calculating a rock elastic parameter data volume of the target area;
the third step comprises:
performing horizon interpretation on the rock elastic parameter data body, and respectively determining a top-bottom interface of a shale gas region and a top-bottom interface of a brittle region according to the Poisson ratio basic value and the brittle basic value;
and respectively determining a shale gas layer and a brittle layer according to the top-bottom interface of the shale gas area and the top-bottom interface of the brittle area, and selecting a region with high brittleness in the intersection area of the shale gas layer and the brittle layer as a fracturing area.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein steps one and two are performed in parallel.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the rock elasticity parameters include compressional impedance, shear impedance, poisson's ratio, young's modulus, λ ρ, and μ ρ, where λ is the lame coefficient, μ is the shear modulus, and ρ is the density.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the rock elasticity parameter data volume comprises a poisson's ratio data volume and a brittleness data volume.
5. The method according to claim 3, wherein the cross-over analysis of the rock elasticity parameters to obtain a Poisson ratio value range and a brittleness value range of the shale gas reservoir specifically comprises:
performing intersection analysis on longitudinal wave impedance, transverse wave impedance and Poisson ratio, or performing intersection analysis on lambda rho, mu rho and Poisson ratio to obtain a Poisson ratio value range of the shale gas reservoir;
and (4) carrying out intersection analysis on the Young modulus, the longitudinal wave impedance and the Poisson ratio to obtain a brittleness value range of the shale gas reservoir.
6. The method according to claim 3, wherein said selecting a brittleness basis value from a brittleness value range comprises:
and performing intersection analysis on the brittleness and the Poisson ratio to obtain an intersection region of a Poisson ratio value region and a brittleness value region, and selecting a brittleness base value according to the distribution change of the brittleness in the intersection region.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the determining the shale gas layer and the brittle layer according to the top-bottom interface of the shale gas region and the top-bottom interface of the brittle region respectively comprises:
and performing time-depth conversion on the seismic data, determining a shale gas layer according to a top-bottom interface of a shale gas area, and determining a brittle layer according to a top-bottom interface of a brittle area.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the selecting a zone with high brittleness in the intersection area of the shale gas layer and the brittle layer as a fracturing zone specifically comprises:
performing rock stratum section analysis on the brittle layer to obtain the brittleness distribution of the brittle layer;
acquiring an intersection region of the shale gas layer and the brittle layer;
and selecting a region with high brittleness in the intersection region as a fracturing region according to the brittleness distribution of the intersection region.
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