CN104502913A - Method and device for measuring the distance between coal uncovering roadway and coal seam - Google Patents
Method and device for measuring the distance between coal uncovering roadway and coal seam Download PDFInfo
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- CN104502913A CN104502913A CN201410720586.9A CN201410720586A CN104502913A CN 104502913 A CN104502913 A CN 104502913A CN 201410720586 A CN201410720586 A CN 201410720586A CN 104502913 A CN104502913 A CN 104502913A
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention provides a method and a device for measuring the distance between a coal uncovering roadway and a coal seam. The measuring device comprises a seismic source and N sensors which are disposed between the seismic source and the tunneling work surface of the coal uncovering roadway and are in the same line as the seismic source, and the line is parallel to the center axis of the coal uncovering roadway. The distance from the tunneling work surface to the coal seam is acquired by measuring first propagation time when surface waves generated by the seismic source and propagated along the ground plane of the coal uncovering roadway to the tunneling work surface reach the sensors, second propagation time when the sensors receive the surface waves reflected back by the tunneling work surface, third propagation time when transverse waves received by the sensors and reflected back by the coal seam reach the sensors, and the distance between each sensor and the tunneling work surface. By adopting the method and the device provided by the embodiment of the invention, the measurement accuracy and the reliability of measurement results can be improved. As the implementation of the embodiment of the invention is far away from the tunneling work surface of the roadway, normal construction is ensured.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to coal seam distance measurement technique, particularly relate to measuring method and the device of a kind of exposed coal tunnel and coal seam distance.
Background technology
Exposed coal tunnel is the tunnel to solid coal seam driving.Because exposed coal tunnel is generally that exploiting field contacts at first and opens the tunnel in coal seam, for Gas-bearing Coal Seams, if dealt with improperly, the high pressure gas in coal seam is easy to charge into tunnel, thus causes great security incident.In order to ensure the safety of exposed coal process, when tunnel Approaching Coal Seam, the meeting head on of tunnel (driving face in underground engineering construction be called meet head on) is the most important parameters that safety practice is selected with the distance in coal seam.
In order to determine meeting head on and the distance in coal seam of tunnel, usually select in prior art to carry out bore detecting.But in most instances, coal seam and its roof and floor are (in normal sequence of sedimentation, the rock stratum being positioned at the certain distance on coal seam is called seam roof, be positioned at the rock stratum of certain distance under coal seam and be called the base plate in coal seam) boundary in the borehole very difficult have obvious boundary, the value error that bore detecting is determined is very large, cannot meet the requirement of mine safety.What boring measured simultaneously is a point, and the reliability of measurement result is low.
In addition also available seismic wave reflection method determines to meet head on the distance in coal seam in exposed coal tunnel.But up to the present, the method adopted is the seismic event meeting head on to launch and accept coal seam reflection from tunnel, and mainly with seismic event compressional wave as main means, because the energy of seismic event compressional wave is relatively weak, the surface wave interference stronger by energy is larger, and velocity ratio is very fast, cause sensor accuracy of detection not meet the demands, the reliability of measurement result is low.Meanwhile, this existing method must meet head in tunnel to carry out, and impact is constructed normally, and bring inconvenience to production, practical value is low.
Summary of the invention
The embodiment of the present invention provides measuring method and the device of a kind of exposed coal tunnel and coal seam distance, and to overcome, measurement result reliability is low, impact is produced thus the problem causing practicality low.
On the one hand, the embodiment of the present invention provides the measuring method of a kind of exposed coal tunnel and coal seam distance, be applied to a kind of measurement mechanism, described measurement mechanism comprises focus and N number of sensor, described N number of sensor between the meeting head on of described focus and exposed coal tunnel, and is positioned at same straight line with described focus, and described straight line parallel is in the axis in described exposed coal tunnel, wherein N is positive integer, and N is more than or equal to 1; Described method comprises:
Produce ground level along described exposed coal tunnel to described ground roll of meeting head on to propagate by focus, and start timing;
Receive by described N number of sensor the ground roll transmitted from described focus, obtain and produce from described focus N number of first travel-time that described ground roll to described ground roll arrives described N number of sensor respectively; To meet head on described in described N number of sensor receives the ground roll be reflected back, obtain and produce from described focus N number of second travel-time that described ground roll to the described ground roll be reflected back arrives described N number of sensor respectively; Described N number of sensor receives the shear wave that coal seam is reflected back, and obtains and produces from described focus N number of 3rd travel-time that described ground roll to the described shear wave be reflected back arrives described N number of sensor respectively;
According to described N number of first travel-time, described N number of second travel-time, and described N number of sensor and described distance of meeting head on, obtain described velocity of wave propagation;
Described horizontal velocity of wave propagation is obtained according to described velocity of wave propagation;
According to described horizontal velocity of wave propagation, the distance in described coal seam of meeting head on described in described N number of second travel-time and described N number of 3rd travel-time obtain.
On the other hand, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of measurement mechanism, described device comprises focus, processor and N number of sensor, described focus is connected with described processor respectively with described N number of sensor, described focus and described N number of sensor setting are on the ground level in exposed coal tunnel, described N number of sensor is between the meeting head on of described focus and exposed coal tunnel, and be positioned at same straight line with described focus, described straight line parallel is in the axis in described exposed coal tunnel, wherein N is positive integer, and N is more than or equal to 1;
Described focus for generation of the ground level along described exposed coal tunnel to described ground roll of meeting head on to propagate, and timing by described processor;
Described N number of sensor, for receiving the ground roll transmitted from described focus, obtains and produces from described focus N number of first travel-time that described ground roll to described ground roll arrives described N number of sensor respectively; Described N number of sensor also for the ground roll be reflected back of meeting head on described in receiving, obtains and produces from described focus N number of second travel-time that described ground roll to the described ground roll be reflected back arrives described N number of sensor respectively; Described N number of sensor, also for receiving the shear wave that coal seam is reflected back, obtaining and producing from described focus N number of 3rd travel-time that described ground roll to the described shear wave be reflected back arrives described N number of sensor respectively;
Described processor was used for according to described N number of first travel-time, described N number of second travel-time, and described N number of sensor and described distance of meeting head on, obtained described velocity of wave propagation;
Described processor is also for obtaining described horizontal velocity of wave propagation according to described velocity of wave propagation;
Described processor also for according to described horizontal velocity of wave propagation, the distance in described coal seam of meeting head on described in described N number of second travel-time and described N number of 3rd travel-time obtain.
The embodiment of the present invention provides measuring method and the device of a kind of exposed coal tunnel and coal seam distance, utilize the propagation principle of seismic event ground roll and shear wave, produce the ground roll that the ground level along exposed coal tunnel propagates to meeting head on arrive the first travel-time of sensor by measuring focus, sensor receives the second travel-time of the ground roll be reflected back of meeting head on, sensor receives the shear wave that is reflected back of coal seam and arrives the 3rd travel-time of sensor and sensor and described distance of meeting head on, obtain the distance in described coal seam of meeting head on, achieve the accurate measurement of distance in coal seam that exposed coal tunnel met head on to.Compared to existing technologies, because the embodiment of the present invention have employed the stronger ground roll of energy, be therefore not easily disturbed, estimating precision can be improved, improve the reliability of measurement result, simultaneously because the enforcement of the embodiment of the present invention is met head on away from tunnel, thus ensure that construction is normally carried out.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention, below the accompanying drawing used required in describing embodiment is briefly described, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes is some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, under the prerequisite not paying creative work, other accompanying drawing can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
The schematic flow sheet of the measuring method of a kind of exposed coal tunnel that Fig. 1 provides for the embodiment of the present invention and coal seam distance;
The application scenarios schematic diagram of the measuring method of a kind of exposed coal tunnel that Fig. 2 provides for the embodiment of the present invention and coal seam distance;
The schematic flow sheet of the measuring method of a kind of exposed coal tunnel that Fig. 3 provides for the embodiment of the present invention and coal seam distance;
The application scenarios schematic diagram of the measuring method of the another kind of exposed coal tunnel that Fig. 4 provides for the embodiment of the present invention and coal seam distance;
The schematic flow sheet of the measuring method of the another kind of exposed coal tunnel that Fig. 5 provides for the embodiment of the present invention and coal seam distance;
The structural representation of the measurement mechanism of a kind of exposed coal tunnel that Fig. 6 provides for the embodiment of the present invention and coal seam distance.
Embodiment
For making the object of the embodiment of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearly, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described, obviously, described embodiment is the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not making the every other embodiment obtained under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
The embodiment of the present invention provides the measuring method of a kind of exposed coal tunnel and coal seam distance, this measuring method is applied to a kind of measurement mechanism, this measurement mechanism comprises focus and N number of sensor, N number of sensor is between the meeting head on of focus and exposed coal tunnel, and be positioned at same straight line with focus, this straight line parallel is in the axis in exposed coal tunnel, and wherein N is positive integer, and N is more than or equal to 1; As shown in Figure 1, the method comprises:
Step 101, being produced the ground roll that the ground level along exposed coal tunnel propagates to meeting head on by focus, and starting timing.
Step 102, received the ground roll transmitted from focus by N number of sensor, obtain and produce from focus N number of first travel-time that ground roll to ground roll arrives N number of sensor respectively; N number of sensor receives the ground roll meeting head on to be reflected back, and obtains and produces from focus N number of second travel-time that ground roll to the ground roll be reflected back arrives N number of sensor respectively; N number of sensor receives the shear wave that coal seam is reflected back, and obtains and produces from focus N number of 3rd travel-time that ground roll to the shear wave be reflected back arrives N number of sensor respectively.
Step 103, according to N number of first travel-time, N number of second travel-time, and N number of sensor and the distance of meeting head on, obtain face velocity of wave propagation; Horizontal velocity of wave propagation is obtained according to face velocity of wave propagation.
Step 104, according to horizontal velocity of wave propagation, N number of second travel-time and N number of 3rd travel-time obtain the distance in coal seam of meeting head on.
The exposed coal tunnel that the embodiment of the present invention provides and the measuring method of coal seam distance, make use of the propagation characteristic of ground roll and shear wave.Traditional seismic reflection method utilizes the propagation principle of compressional wave to measure, and use compressional wave carry out closely reflect exploration time, because wave energy is extremely strong, the measurement of severe jamming compressional wave.Therefore when traditional seismic reflection method is measured, ground roll is undesired signal, after first must filtering ground roll, just can obtain useful compressional wave signal.And the embodiment of the present invention by measure that focus produces along the second travel-time that ground roll arrives the first travel-time of sensor, the ground roll that returns of meeting head on arrives sensor that the ground level in exposed coal tunnel is propagated to meeting head on and sensor to the distance of meeting head on, obtain face velocity of wave propagation, and then obtain horizontal velocity of wave propagation; The 3rd travel-time of sensor is arrived again, the distance in the coal seam that obtains meeting head on by the shear wave of horizontal velocity of wave propagation, the second travel-time and reflection.The present invention utilizes ground roll in the feature meeting head on to convert to shear wave, utilizes the energy of ground roll as secondary focus, thus makes interference be no longer problem, the precision that the time that improves identifies, and large from the shear wave signal energy of coal seam reflection, be easy to identification, speed is slow, also substantially increases the precision of measurement.Thus achieve the accurate measurement of distance in coal seam that exposed coal tunnel met head on to, meanwhile, because mensuration process is met head on away from tunnel, ensure that construction is normally carried out.
The technical scheme more clearly understood the embodiment of the present invention to enable those skilled in the art and provide, below by specific embodiment, the exposed coal tunnel provide embodiments of the invention and the measuring method of coal seam distance are described in detail, the application scenarios of the method can be as shown in Figure 2, the method is applied to a kind of measurement mechanism, this measurement mechanism comprises a focus and a sensor, this sensor is between the meeting head on of this focus and exposed coal tunnel, and being positioned at same straight line with this focus, this straight line parallel is in the axis in exposed coal tunnel; The method comprises as shown in Figure 3:
Step 201, focus produce the ground roll that the ground level along exposed coal tunnel is propagated to meeting head on, and start timing.
Step 202, sensor receive the ground roll transmitted from focus, obtain and produce first travel-time of ground roll to ground roll arrival sensor from focus; Sensor receives the ground roll meeting head on to be reflected back, and obtains and produces second travel-time of ground roll to the ground roll arrival sensor be reflected back from focus; Sensor receives the shear wave that coal seam is reflected back, and obtains and produces three travel-time of ground roll to the shear wave arrival sensor be reflected back from focus.
Concrete, first, focus can produce by the ground level in hammering exposed coal tunnel the ground roll that the ground level along exposed coal tunnel propagates to meeting head on, and in addition, other possible apparatus and method also can be adopted to generate focus, and the present invention does not limit this.Timing when producing this ground roll from focus, first this ground roll can arrive sensor, thus obtains this first travel-time, is designated as t1.
Secondly, this ground roll can arrive meeting head on of exposed coal tunnel, after ground roll arrives and meets head on, on the one hand, through reflection of meeting head on, produce the ground roll be reflected back, this ground roll be reflected back is propagated along the Horizon macro cell facing in exposed coal tunnel, sensor just can obtain this second travel-time when receiving the ground roll that this is reflected back, and is designated as t2; On the other hand, after ground roll arrives and meets head on, shear wave is produced under the effect of meeting head on, this shear wave is propagated to the rock of surrounding of meeting head on, this shear wave is after encountering coal seam, and through coal seam, reflection produces the shear wave be reflected back, and the shear wave that this is reflected back is propagated along the Horizon macro cell facing in exposed coal tunnel after arriving and meeting head on, sensor just can obtain for the 3rd travel-time when receiving the shear wave that this is reflected back, and was designated as t3.
It is worth mentioning that in addition, in step 201, focus starts timing after producing ground roll, can be performed by focus, such as this focus is provided with clocking capability, or an external timer, after timing, the moment producing ground roll is sent to sensor by the connection between sensor by focus, thus enable sensor after receiving the ground roll of above-mentioned direct arrival, the ground roll returned and the shear wave returned, calculate this first travel-time, the second travel-time, the 3rd travel-time.Or, the sensor with clocking capability can be adopted, timing is started after focus produces ground roll, focus can by sending riming instructions at the beginning with the connection of sensor to sensor, timing by timer, thus enable sensor after receiving the ground roll of above-mentioned direct arrival, the ground roll returned and the shear wave returned, calculate this first travel-time, the second travel-time, the 3rd travel-time.Or, focus and sensor do not arrange and are connected, focus can be connected a processor with sensor simultaneously, timing by processor after focus generation ground roll, sensor can send each due in processor after receiving the ground roll of above-mentioned direct arrival, the ground roll returned and the shear wave returned, and calculates this first travel-time, the second travel-time, the 3rd travel-time by processor.
It should be noted that except the implementation of above-mentioned several timing, also may have other implementation, this several implementation is only exemplary, is not the restriction to the embodiment of the present invention.
Step 203, according to the first travel-time, the second travel-time, and sensor and the distance of meeting head on, obtain face velocity of wave propagation.
Concrete, obtaining face velocity of wave propagation method can specifically comprise:
First, the mistiming in the second travel-time and the first travel-time is obtained.
Secondly, according to 1/2nd durations of this mistiming, and sensor is to the distance of meeting head on, and obtains face velocity of wave propagation.
Such as, face velocity of wave propagation can be obtained according to following speed computing formula:
Wherein, (t
2-t
1) represent mistiming in the second travel-time and the first travel-time, v
1presentation surface velocity of wave propagation, d
1represent sensor and the distance of meeting head on.
Step 204, obtain horizontal velocity of wave propagation according to face velocity of wave propagation.
Concrete, in one implementation, obtaining horizontal velocity of wave propagation according to face velocity of wave propagation can comprise:
According to the relation of face velocity of wave propagation and horizontal velocity of wave propagation, and face velocity of wave propagation, obtain horizontal velocity of wave propagation.
Wherein, the relation of face velocity of wave propagation and horizontal velocity of wave propagation can be expressed as:
v
2＝k·v
1
Wherein, v
1presentation surface velocity of wave propagation, v
2represent horizontal velocity of wave propagation, wherein k can for determining according to tunnel situation, and the span of such as k can be the real number of 0.9-1.
Or, in another kind of implementation, can, according to described velocity of wave propagation, utilize velocity inversion method to obtain described horizontal velocity of wave propagation.
Such as, can, according to face velocity of wave propagation, velocity inversion method be utilized to obtain horizontal velocity of wave propagation; Wherein the method for inversion is method by experiment, builds mathematical model by organizing measurement data to ground roll and horizontal velocity of wave propagation relation more.
In addition, other possible assay method also can be adopted to calculate horizontal velocity of wave propagation, and the present invention does not limit this.
Step 205, according to horizontal velocity of wave propagation, the second travel-time and the 3rd travel-time, obtain the distance in coal seam of meeting head on.
Concrete, the distance obtaining coal seam of meeting head on can specifically comprise:
First, the mistiming in the 3rd travel-time and the second travel-time is obtained.
Secondly, according to 1/2nd durations of this mistiming, and horizontal velocity of wave propagation obtains the distance in coal seam of meeting head on.
Such as, the distance in coal seam of meeting head on can be obtained according to following distance computing formula.
d
2＝v
2*(t
3-t
2)/2
Wherein, d
2represent the distance in coal seam of meeting head on, v
2represent horizontal velocity of wave propagation, t
2represent the second travel-time t
2, t
3represented for the 3rd travel-time, (t
3-t
2) represent mistiming in the 3rd travel-time and the second travel-time.
In embodiments of the present invention, focus and sensor can away from meeting head on, such as focus can be the first predeterminable range with the distance of meeting head on, the distance of sensor and focus can be the second predeterminable range, sensor and the distance of meeting head on can be the 3rd predeterminable range, first predeterminable range equals the second predeterminable range and the 3rd predeterminable range sum, and the second predeterminable range is less than the 3rd predeterminable range; Exemplary, the 3rd predeterminable range can be set as 30 meters, and the second predeterminable range can be set as 2 meters.In addition, 3rd predeterminable range and the second predeterminable range also can be other possible distances, but should not affect roadway construction and the signal that focus produces can reflect from coal seam and be received by sensor and is as the criterion, its concrete value can be determined according to the actual requirements, does not limit herein.
In embodiments of the present invention, sensor can be one dimension sensor, or multidimensional sensor, and when sensor is one dimension sensor, the direction of this sensor is perpendicular to the ground level in exposed coal tunnel.In addition, be worth mentioning, computation process in above-mentioned steps 203 ~ step 205 can be performed by processor, this processor can independent of focus and sensor, also can be integrated on sensor, in addition also may have other forms, not enumerate at this, and above-mentioned several implementation is only exemplary, it is not the restriction to the embodiment of the present invention.
The embodiment of the present invention provides the measuring method of a kind of exposed coal tunnel and coal seam distance, the method utilizes the propagation principle of seismic event ground roll and shear wave, produce the ground roll that the ground level along exposed coal tunnel propagates to meeting head on arrive the first travel-time of sensor by measuring focus, sensor receives the second travel-time of the ground roll be reflected back of meeting head on, sensor receives the shear wave that is reflected back of coal seam and arrives the 3rd travel-time of sensor and sensor and described distance of meeting head on, obtain the distance in described coal seam of meeting head on, achieve the accurate measurement of distance in coal seam that exposed coal tunnel met head on to.Compared to existing technologies, because the embodiment of the present invention have employed the stronger ground roll of energy, be therefore not easily disturbed, estimating precision can be improved, improve the reliability of measurement result, simultaneously because the enforcement of the embodiment of the present invention is met head on away from tunnel, thus ensure that construction is normally carried out.
The embodiment of the present invention also provides the measuring method of another kind of exposed coal tunnel and coal seam distance, be applied to a kind of measurement mechanism, the application scenarios of the method can be as shown in Figure 4, this measurement mechanism comprises a focus and N number of sensor (for 3 sensors in Fig. 4, be labeled as sensor 1, sensor 2 and sensor 3 respectively, and successively away from focus), N number of sensor is between the meeting head on of this focus and exposed coal tunnel, and be positioned at same straight line with this focus, this straight line parallel in the axis in exposed coal tunnel, wherein N be greater than 1 positive integer; The method as shown in Figure 5, comprising:
Step 301, focus produce the ground roll that the ground level along exposed coal tunnel is propagated to meeting head on, and start timing.
Step 302, N number of sensor receive the ground roll transmitted from focus, obtain and produce from focus N number of first travel-time that ground roll to ground roll arrives N number of sensor respectively; N number of sensor receives the ground roll meeting head on to be reflected back, and obtains and produces from focus N number of second travel-time that ground roll to the ground roll be reflected back arrives N number of sensor respectively; N number of sensor receives the shear wave that coal seam is reflected back, and obtains and produces from focus N number of 3rd travel-time that ground roll to the shear wave be reflected back arrives N number of sensor respectively.
Concrete, first, focus can produce by the ground level in hammering exposed coal tunnel the ground roll that the ground level along exposed coal tunnel propagates to meeting head on, and in addition, other possible method and apparatus also can be adopted to generate focus, and the present invention does not limit this.Timing when producing this ground roll from focus, first this ground roll can arrive N number of sensor successively, thus obtains N number of first travel-time, is designated as T
1(i).Wherein i represents i-th sensor, and span is the natural number of 1-N, i.e. T
1i () represents the
ithe first travel-time that individual sensor gets.Can be understood as, this ground roll first arrives sensor 1, then the first travel-time that sensor 1 gets is T
1(1), then this ground roll arrives sensor 2, then the first travel-time that sensor 2 gets is T
1(2), finally this ground roll arrives sensor 3, then the first travel-time that sensor 3 gets is T
1(3), by that analogy.
Secondly, this ground roll can arrive meeting head on of exposed coal tunnel, after ground roll arrives and meets head on, on the one hand, through reflection of meeting head on, produce the ground roll be reflected back, this ground roll be reflected back is propagated along the Horizon macro cell facing in exposed coal tunnel, N number of sensor just can obtain N number of second travel-time when receiving the ground roll that this is reflected back, and is designated as T
2(i); On the other hand, after ground roll arrives and meets head on, shear wave is produced under the effect of meeting head on, this shear wave is propagated to the rock of surrounding of meeting head on, this shear wave is after encountering coal seam, and through coal seam, reflection produces the shear wave be reflected back, and the shear wave that this is reflected back is propagated along the Horizon macro cell facing in exposed coal tunnel after arriving and meeting head on, N number of sensor just can obtain N number of 3rd travel-time when receiving the shear wave that this is reflected back, and is designated as T
3(i).Wherein, T
2i () represents the second travel-time that i-th sensor obtains, T
3i () represents the 3rd travel-time that i-th sensor obtains; Can be understood as, the ground roll be reflected back through meeting head on, arrive sensor 3 at first, sensor 3 obtains the second travel-time T
2(3), then this ground roll be reflected back arrives sensor 2, then the second travel-time that sensor 2 obtains is T
2(2), finally this ground roll arrives sensor 1, then the second travel-time that sensor 1 obtains is T
2(1), by that analogy.The shear wave be reflected back through meeting head on, also arrive sensor 3 at first, situation is identical with the ground roll be reflected back through meeting head on, and therefore repeats no more.
It is worth mentioning that in addition, the timing mode in the present embodiment can adopt the mode identical with a upper embodiment, does not repeat them here.
Step 303, according to N number of first travel-time, N number of second travel-time, and N number of sensor and the distance of meeting head on, obtain N number of velocity of wave propagation.
Concrete, obtaining N number of velocity of wave propagation method can specifically comprise:
First, obtain the second travel-time of each sensor acquisition and the mistiming in the first travel-time respectively, obtain N number of mistiming, be designated as T
2(i)-T
1(i).
Secondly, respectively according to 1/2nd durations of N number of mistiming, and N number of sensor and the distance of meeting head on, obtain N number of velocity of wave propagation.
Such as, N number of velocity of wave propagation can be obtained according to following speed computing formula:
Wherein, V
1i () represents N number of velocity of wave propagation, D
1i () represents N number of sensor and the distance of meeting head on, i represents i-th sensor, and span is the natural number of 1-N.
Step 304, obtain the average velocity of N number of surface wave propagation speed, using this average velocity as this face velocity of wave propagation; Horizontal velocity of wave propagation is obtained according to face velocity of wave propagation.
Step 305, according to horizontal velocity of wave propagation, N number of second travel-time and N number of 3rd travel-time obtain the distance in N number of coal seam of meeting head on; Distance according to this N number of coal seam of meeting head on obtains distance average.
Wherein, the method obtaining horizontal velocity of wave propagation according to face velocity of wave propagation can be identical with a upper embodiment, do not repeat them here.
Concrete, the distance obtaining N number of coal seam of meeting head on can specifically comprise:
First, obtain the 3rd travel-time of each sensor acquisition and the mistiming in the second travel-time respectively, obtain N number of mistiming, be designated as T
3(i)-T
2(i).
Secondly, respectively according to 1/2nd durations of N number of mistiming, and horizontal velocity of wave propagation obtains N number of distance.
Such as, the distance in N number of coal seam of meeting head on can be obtained according to following distance computing formula:
D
2(i)＝V
2*(T
3(i)-T
2(i))/2
Wherein, D
2(i) represent according to i-th sensor data acquisition to the distance in coal seam of meeting head on, V
2represent the horizontal velocity of wave propagation obtained according to the average velocity of N number of surface wave propagation speed; I represents i-th sensor, and span is the natural number of 1-N.
Especially, the step 304 in above-described embodiment and step 305 also can adopt step as described below to replace:
Step 3041, obtain N number of horizontal velocity of wave propagation according to N number of velocity of wave propagation.
Step 3051, according to N number of horizontal velocity of wave propagation, N number of second travel-time and N number of 3rd travel-time obtain the distance in N number of coal seam of meeting head on; Distance according to N number of coal seam of meeting head on obtains distance average.
Wherein, the method obtaining horizontal velocity of wave propagation according to face velocity of wave propagation can be identical with a upper embodiment, do not repeat them here.
Wherein, the concrete method obtaining the distance in N number of coal seam of meeting head on, can be identical with step 305, and difference is only that adopted horizontal velocity of wave propagation is different.Such as, the distance in N number of coal seam of meeting head on can be obtained according to following distance computing formula:
D
2(i)＝V
2(i)*(T
3(i)-T
2(i))/2
Wherein, V
2i () represents according to N number of velocity of wave propagation V
1i N number of horizontal velocity of wave propagation that () gets respectively, i represents i-th sensor, and span is the natural number of 1-N.
In embodiments of the present invention, focus and sensor can away from meeting head on, such as focus is the first predeterminable range with the distance of meeting head on, the distance of N number of sensor and focus can be the second predeterminable range, N number of sensor and the distance of meeting head on can be the 3rd predeterminable range, and wherein, the second predeterminable range is the distance of the nearest sensor of N number of sensor middle distance focus and focus, first predeterminable range equals the second predeterminable range and the 3rd predeterminable range sum, and the second predeterminable range is less than the 3rd predeterminable range; Exemplary, the 3rd predeterminable range can be set as 30 meters, and the second predeterminable range can be set as 2 meters, and the spacing of N number of sensor is equal or not etc., for ease of calculating, the distance between N number of sensor can all not be set as 2 meters.In addition, 3rd predeterminable range and the second predeterminable range also can be other possible distances, but should not affect roadway construction and the signal that focus produces can reflect from coal seam and be received by sensor and is as the criterion, its concrete value can be determined according to the actual requirements, does not limit herein.
In embodiments of the present invention, sensor can be: one dimension sensor, or multidimensional sensor.When sensor is one dimension sensor, the direction of this sensor is perpendicular to the ground level in exposed coal tunnel, and N number of sensor can be one dimension sensor, or is multidimensional sensor, or both combinations.In addition, be worth mentioning, computation process in above-mentioned steps 303 ~ step 305 or step 303 ~ step 3051 can be performed by processor, this processor can independent of focus and sensor, also can be integrated on sensor, in addition also may have other forms, not enumerate at this, and above-mentioned several implementation is only exemplary, it is not the restriction to the embodiment of the present invention.
In the present embodiment by adopting multiple sensor to carry out the method measured, acquiring the distance in multiple coal seam of meeting head on, then averaging, can error be reduced, improve the accuracy of measurement result further.
The embodiment of the present invention also provides a kind of measurement mechanism, as shown in Figure 6, this device can comprise focus 01, N number of sensor 02 and a processor 03, and focus 01 is connected with processor 03 respectively with N number of sensor 02, and focus 01 and N number of sensor 02 are arranged on the ground level in exposed coal tunnel, N number of sensor 02 is between the meeting head on of focus 01 and exposed coal tunnel, and being positioned at same straight line with focus 01, this straight line parallel is in the axis in exposed coal tunnel, and wherein N is positive integer, N is more than or equal to 1, wherein:
The ground roll that focus 01 is propagated to meeting head on for generation of the ground level along exposed coal tunnel, and start timing.
N number of sensor 02, for receiving the ground roll transmitted from focus 01, obtains and produces from focus 01 N number of first travel-time that ground roll to ground roll arrives N number of sensor 02 respectively; Also for receiving the ground roll meeting head on to be reflected back, obtaining and producing from focus 01 N number of second travel-time that ground roll to the ground roll be reflected back arrives N number of sensor 02 respectively; Also for receiving the shear wave that coal seam is reflected back, obtaining and producing from focus 01 N number of 3rd travel-time that ground roll to the shear wave be reflected back arrives N number of sensor 02 respectively.
Processor 03 for according to N number of first travel-time, N number of second travel-time, and N number of sensor 02 and the distance of meeting head on, obtains face velocity of wave propagation;
Processor 03 is also for obtaining horizontal velocity of wave propagation according to face velocity of wave propagation;
Processor 03 also for according to horizontal velocity of wave propagation, the distance in described coal seam of meeting head on described in N number of second travel-time and N number of 3rd travel-time obtain.
Optionally, processor 03 can be specifically for: if N equals 1, obtain the mistiming in the second travel-time and the first travel-time, and according to 1/2nd durations of mistiming, and sensor 02 to described in the distance of meeting head on, obtain face velocity of wave propagation;
If N is greater than 1, obtains the second travel-time of each sensor 02 acquisition and the mistiming in the first travel-time respectively, obtain N number of mistiming;
Respectively according to 1/2nd durations of N number of mistiming, and N number of sensor 02 and described distance of meeting head on, obtain N number of velocity of propagation;
Obtain the average velocity of N number of velocity of propagation, using average velocity as described velocity of wave propagation.
Optionally, processor 03 can also be specifically for:
According to the relation of face velocity of wave propagation and horizontal velocity of wave propagation, and face velocity of wave propagation, obtain horizontal velocity of wave propagation;
Or,
According to face velocity of wave propagation, velocity inversion method is utilized to obtain horizontal velocity of wave propagation.
Optionally, processor 03 can also be specifically for:
If N equals 1, obtain the mistiming in the 3rd travel-time and the second travel-time, and according to 1/2nd durations of mistiming, and the acquisition of horizontal velocity of wave propagation is met head on the distance in coal seam;
If N is greater than 1, obtains the 3rd travel-time of each sensor 02 acquisition and the mistiming in the second travel-time respectively, obtain N number of mistiming;
Respectively according to 1/2nd durations of described N number of mistiming, and described horizontal velocity of wave propagation obtains N number of distance;
Obtain the mean distance of described N number of distance, using the distance of described mean distance as described described coal seam of meeting head on.
In addition, optionally, focus 01 is the first predeterminable range with the distance of meeting head on, and N number of sensor 02 is the second predeterminable range with the distance of focus 01, and N number of sensor 02 is the 3rd predeterminable range with the distance of meeting head on; Wherein, the second predeterminable range is the nearest sensor of N number of sensor 02 middle distance focus 01 02 and the distance of focus 01, and the first predeterminable range equals the second predeterminable range and the 3rd predeterminable range sum, and the second predeterminable range is less than the 3rd predeterminable range;
Wherein, if N is greater than 1, the spacing of N number of sensor 02 is equal or not etc.;
Wherein, N number of sensor 02 comprises: one dimension sensor or multidimensional sensor, and when sensor 02 is one dimension sensor, the direction of sensor 02 is perpendicular to ground level.N number of sensor can be one dimension sensor, or is multidimensional sensor, or both combinations.In addition, be worth mentioning, the computation process in the present embodiment can be performed by processor, and this processor independent of focus and sensor, also can be integrated on sensor, in addition also may have other forms, not enumerate at this.
Except aforesaid way, also can adopt by N number of velocity of wave propagation, obtain N number of horizontal velocity of wave propagation, and then 1/2nd durations of mistiming according to N number of 3rd travel-time and the second travel-time, obtain the method for the mean distance in coal seam of meeting head on.
Wherein, focus 01 can produce by the ground level in hammering exposed coal tunnel the ground roll that the ground level along exposed coal tunnel propagates to meeting head on, and in addition, other possible apparatus and method also can be adopted to generate focus, and the present invention does not limit this.
Focus in the present embodiment and sensor can away from meeting head on, such as focus is the first predeterminable range with the distance of meeting head on, the distance of N number of sensor and focus can be the second predeterminable range, N number of sensor and the distance of meeting head on can be the 3rd predeterminable range, wherein, second predeterminable range is the distance of the nearest sensor of N number of sensor middle distance focus and focus, and the first predeterminable range equals the second predeterminable range and the 3rd predeterminable range sum, and the second predeterminable range is less than the 3rd predeterminable range; Exemplary, the 3rd predeterminable range can be set as 30 meters, and the second predeterminable range can be set as 2 meters, and the spacing of N number of sensor is equal or not etc., for ease of calculating, the distance between N number of sensor can all not be set as 2 meters.In addition, 3rd predeterminable range and the second predeterminable range also can be other possible distances, but should not affect roadway construction and the signal that focus produces can reflect from coal seam and be received by sensor and is as the criterion, its concrete value can be determined according to the actual requirements, does not limit herein.
The present embodiment is used for realizing above-mentioned each embodiment of the method, and in the present embodiment, the workflow of unit and principle of work are see the description in above-mentioned each embodiment of the method, do not repeat them here.
The embodiment of the present invention provides the measurement mechanism of a kind of exposed coal tunnel and coal seam distance, this device comprises focus, processor and N number of sensor, wherein, focus is connected with processor respectively with N number of sensor, and focus and N number of sensor setting are on the ground level in exposed coal tunnel, and N number of sensor is between the meeting head on of focus and exposed coal tunnel, and be positioned at same straight line with focus, this straight line parallel is in the axis in exposed coal tunnel, and wherein N is positive integer, and N is more than or equal to 1.This device is applicable to the measuring method that the embodiment of the present invention provides, and by adopting the ground roll that energy is stronger, is therefore not easily disturbed, estimating precision can be improved, improve the reliability of measurement result, simultaneously because the enforcement of the embodiment of the present invention is met head on away from tunnel, thus ensure that construction is normally carried out.
One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that: all or part of step realizing above-mentioned each embodiment of the method can have been come by the hardware that programmed instruction is relevant.Aforesaid program can be stored in a computer read/write memory medium.This program, when performing, performs the step comprising above-mentioned each embodiment of the method; And aforesaid storage medium comprises: ROM, RAM, magnetic disc or CD etc. various can be program code stored medium.
Last it is noted that above each embodiment is only in order to illustrate technical scheme of the present invention, be not intended to limit; Although with reference to foregoing embodiments to invention has been detailed description, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that: it still can be modified to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or carries out equivalent replacement to wherein some or all of technical characteristic; And these amendments or replacement, do not make the essence of appropriate technical solution depart from the scope of various embodiments of the present invention technical scheme.
Claims (10)
1. the measuring method of an exposed coal tunnel and coal seam distance, it is characterized in that, be applied to a kind of measurement mechanism, described measurement mechanism comprises focus and N number of sensor, described N number of sensor between the meeting head on of described focus and exposed coal tunnel, and is positioned at same straight line with described focus, and described straight line parallel is in the axis in described exposed coal tunnel, wherein N is positive integer, and N is more than or equal to 1; Described method comprises:
Produce ground level along described exposed coal tunnel to described ground roll of meeting head on to propagate by focus, and start timing;
Receive by described N number of sensor the ground roll transmitted from described focus, obtain and produce from described focus N number of first travel-time that described ground roll to described ground roll arrives described N number of sensor respectively; To meet head on described in described N number of sensor receives the ground roll be reflected back, obtain and produce from described focus N number of second travel-time that described ground roll to the described ground roll be reflected back arrives described N number of sensor respectively; Described N number of sensor receives the shear wave that coal seam is reflected back, and obtains and produces from described focus N number of 3rd travel-time that described ground roll to the described shear wave be reflected back arrives described N number of sensor respectively;
According to described N number of first travel-time, described N number of second travel-time, and described N number of sensor and described distance of meeting head on, obtain described velocity of wave propagation;
Described horizontal velocity of wave propagation is obtained according to described velocity of wave propagation;
According to described horizontal velocity of wave propagation, the distance in described coal seam of meeting head on described in described N number of second travel-time and described N number of 3rd travel-time obtain.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, according to described N number of first travel-time, described N number of second travel-time, and described N number of sensor and described distance of meeting head on, obtains described velocity of wave propagation and comprises:
If N equals 1, obtain the mistiming in described second travel-time and described first travel-time, and according to 1/2nd durations of described mistiming, and sensor to described in the distance of meeting head on, obtain described velocity of wave propagation;
If N is greater than 1, obtains the second travel-time of each sensor acquisition and the mistiming in the first travel-time respectively, obtain N number of mistiming;
Respectively according to 1/2nd durations of described N number of mistiming, and described N number of sensor and described distance of meeting head on, obtain N number of velocity of propagation;
Obtain the average velocity of described N number of velocity of propagation, using described average velocity as described velocity of wave propagation.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, describedly obtains described horizontal velocity of wave propagation according to described velocity of wave propagation and comprises:
According to the relation of face velocity of wave propagation and horizontal velocity of wave propagation, and described velocity of wave propagation, obtain described horizontal velocity of wave propagation;
Or,
According to described velocity of wave propagation, velocity inversion method is utilized to obtain described horizontal velocity of wave propagation.
4. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described according to described horizontal velocity of wave propagation, and the distance in described coal seam of meeting head on described in described N number of second travel-time and described N number of 3rd travel-time obtain comprises:
If N equals 1, obtain the mistiming in described 3rd travel-time and described second travel-time, and according to 1/2nd durations of described mistiming, and described horizontal velocity of wave propagation obtain described in meet head on the distance in described coal seam;
If N is greater than 1, obtains the 3rd travel-time of each sensor acquisition and the mistiming in the second travel-time respectively, obtain N number of mistiming;
Respectively according to 1/2nd durations of described N number of mistiming, and described horizontal velocity of wave propagation obtains N number of distance;
Obtain the mean distance of described N number of distance, using the distance of described mean distance as described described coal seam of meeting head on.
5. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described focus and described distance of meeting head on are the first predeterminable range, and the distance of described N number of sensor and described focus is the second predeterminable range, and described N number of sensor and described distance of meeting head on are the 3rd predeterminable range; Wherein, the distance that described second predeterminable range is the nearest sensor of focus described in described N number of sensor middle distance and described focus, described first predeterminable range equals described second predeterminable range and described 3rd predeterminable range sum, and described second predeterminable range is less than described 3rd predeterminable range;
If N is greater than 1, the spacing of described N number of sensor is equal or not etc.;
Wherein, described N number of sensor comprises: one dimension sensor or multidimensional sensor, and when sensor is one dimension sensor, the direction of described sensor is perpendicular to described ground level.
6. a measurement mechanism, it is characterized in that, described device comprises focus, processor and N number of sensor, described focus is connected with described processor respectively with described N number of sensor, and described focus and described N number of sensor setting are on the ground level in exposed coal tunnel, and described N number of sensor is between the meeting head on of described focus and exposed coal tunnel, and be positioned at same straight line with described focus, described straight line parallel is in the axis in described exposed coal tunnel, and wherein N is positive integer, and N is more than or equal to 1;
Described focus to described ground roll of meeting head on to propagate, and starts timing for generation of the ground level along described exposed coal tunnel;
Described N number of sensor, for receiving the ground roll transmitted from described focus, obtains and produces from described focus N number of first travel-time that described ground roll to described ground roll arrives described N number of sensor respectively; Described N number of sensor also for the ground roll be reflected back of meeting head on described in receiving, obtains and produces from described focus N number of second travel-time that described ground roll to the described ground roll be reflected back arrives described N number of sensor respectively; Described N number of sensor, also for receiving the shear wave that coal seam is reflected back, obtaining and producing from described focus N number of 3rd travel-time that described ground roll to the described shear wave be reflected back arrives described N number of sensor respectively;
Described processor was used for according to described N number of first travel-time, described N number of second travel-time, and described N number of sensor and described distance of meeting head on, obtained described velocity of wave propagation;
Described processor is also for obtaining described horizontal velocity of wave propagation according to described velocity of wave propagation;
Described processor also for according to described horizontal velocity of wave propagation, the distance in described coal seam of meeting head on described in described N number of second travel-time and described N number of 3rd travel-time obtain.
7. device according to claim 6, is characterized in that, described processor specifically for:
If N equals 1, obtain the mistiming in described second travel-time and described first travel-time, and according to 1/2nd durations of described mistiming, and sensor to described in the distance of meeting head on, obtain described velocity of wave propagation;
If N is greater than 1, obtains the second travel-time of each sensor acquisition and the mistiming in the first travel-time respectively, obtain N number of mistiming;
Respectively according to 1/2nd durations of described N number of mistiming, and described N number of sensor and described distance of meeting head on, obtain N number of velocity of propagation;
Obtain the average velocity of described N number of velocity of propagation, using described average velocity as described velocity of wave propagation.
8. device according to claim 6, is characterized in that, described processor specifically for:
According to the relation of face velocity of wave propagation and horizontal velocity of wave propagation, and described velocity of wave propagation, obtain described horizontal velocity of wave propagation;
Or,
According to described velocity of wave propagation, velocity inversion method is utilized to obtain described horizontal velocity of wave propagation.
9. device according to claim 6, is characterized in that, described processor specifically for:
If N equals 1, obtain the mistiming in described 3rd travel-time and described second travel-time, and according to 1/2nd durations of described mistiming, and described horizontal velocity of wave propagation obtain described in meet head on the distance in described coal seam;
If N is greater than 1, obtains the 3rd travel-time of each sensor acquisition and the mistiming in the second travel-time respectively, obtain N number of mistiming;
Respectively according to 1/2nd durations of described N number of mistiming, and described horizontal velocity of wave propagation obtains N number of distance;
Obtain the mean distance of described N number of distance, using the distance of described mean distance as described described coal seam of meeting head on.
10. device according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, described focus and described distance of meeting head on are the first predeterminable range, and the distance of described N number of sensor and described focus is the second predeterminable range, and described N number of sensor and described distance of meeting head on are the 3rd predeterminable range; Wherein, the distance that described second predeterminable range is the nearest sensor of focus described in described N number of sensor middle distance and described focus, described first predeterminable range equals described second predeterminable range and described 3rd predeterminable range sum, and described second predeterminable range is less than described 3rd predeterminable range;
If N is greater than 1, the spacing of described N number of sensor is equal or not etc.;
Wherein, described N number of sensor comprises: one dimension sensor or multidimensional sensor, and when sensor is one dimension sensor, the direction of described sensor is perpendicular to described ground level.
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