CN104502625A - Three-dimensional muddy water fluctuating velocity instrument - Google Patents
Three-dimensional muddy water fluctuating velocity instrument Download PDFInfo
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- CN104502625A CN104502625A CN201410681860.6A CN201410681860A CN104502625A CN 104502625 A CN104502625 A CN 104502625A CN 201410681860 A CN201410681860 A CN 201410681860A CN 104502625 A CN104502625 A CN 104502625A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a three-dimensional muddy water fluctuating velocity instrument, which comprises a three-dimensional force-measuring sensor, a waterproof shell and a force-measuring rod, wherein the three-dimensional force-measuring sensor is arranged inside the waterproof shell; and the force-measuring rod passes through the waterproof shell to be connected with the three-dimensional force-measuring sensor. The three-dimensional muddy water fluctuating velocity instrument has the following beneficial effects that a contact-type measurement method is adopted, light or a sound wave does not need to serve as a signal, interference on the measurement signals due to opaque water flow or particle diffuse reflection or other factors can be avoided, and thus the three-dimensional muddy water fluctuating velocity instrument can be applied to measurement on sand-containing water flow with any concentration; the three-dimensional force-measuring sensor uses three groups of mutually-orthogonal cantilever beams for measuring forces respectively, and mutual interference between force components can be avoided; independent and simultaneous measurement on three-dimensional velocity components can be realized; under match between the high-natural frequency force-measuring rod and the three-dimensional force-measuring sensor, the sampling frequency is larger than 200Hz, and three-dimensional fluctuating information of the sand-containing water flow in an open channel can be effectively measured; and the production cost is lower than that of a commercially available ADV, and economic benefits are obvious.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of three-dimensional muddy water fluctuating velocity instrument, especially a kind of instrument can measuring the three-dimensional instantaneous velocity of muddy water, belongs to water conservancy measurement technology field.
Background technology
Current are muddy because of solid phase particles such as silt, pollutant, algae, and muddy water is the most natural state of natural river, and particularly in the river (as the Yellow River) in NORTHWEST CHINA area, flood silt content can up to 100kg/m
3.
Flow velocity portrays the most basic physical quantity of current, since 19th century, along with foundation and the development of experimental fluid mechanics, the fluid-velocity survey instrument developed has the polytypes such as Pitot tube, propeller type current meter, heated filament, acoustic Doppler velocimetry (ADV), Doppler laser velocimeter (LDV), particle image velocimeter (PIV), wherein, Pitot tube and propeller type current meter are only for measuring time average velocity, and Other Instruments can measure instantaneous velocity.
Compared with clear water, the light transmission of muddy water is lower, and be not suitable for the speed instrument that application LDV, PIV etc. need to use up, and heated filament can only be applied to clean current, therefore, ADV is the key instrument measuring the three-dimensional instantaneous velocity of muddy water at present.The principle of work of ADV utilizes transmitting and receiving probe to water body transmitting and receiving ultrasonic signal to be measured respectively, by detecting Doppler shift measurement flow rate of water flow between the two.According to ADV measuring principle, the solid particle in water body to be measured is ultrasonic signal reflection sources, and therefore, the measuring accuracy of ADV can increase along with the increase of granule density; But after sediment concentration exceedes certain limit, the particle that signal is propagated in way strengthens hyperacoustic diffuse reflection effect, reduce the intensity of Received signal strength, ADV measuring accuracy is reduced with the increase of granule density, there are some researches show, in silt content higher than 20kg/m
3silt carrying flow in, use ADV be difficult to record reliable flow speed data.Meanwhile, the ADV separate unit market price, up to 100,000 yuans, needs the application scenario of multiple stage speed instrument costly simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
In order to provide a kind of low price, and in hyper-concentration flow, still effectively can measure the instrument of the three-dimensional instantaneous velocity of current, the present invention adopts following technical scheme: a kind of three-dimensional muddy water fluctuating velocity instrument, comprises three-dimensional force transducer, waterproof case and dynamometer link; Described three-dimensional force transducer is located in described waterproof case; Described dynamometer link is connected with described three-dimensional force transducer through described waterproof case.
Further, described waterproof case comprises first component and second component; The first end of described first component is connected with the first end of described second component; Second end of described first component is provided with measured hole; Second end of described second component is provided with wire hole; Described three-dimensional force transducer is located at the junction of described first component and described second component.
Further, described three-dimensional force transducer comprises hold-down support, the first elastic beam, the second elastic beam and resistance strain gage; The first end of described hold-down support connects the first end of described first elastic beam; Second end of described first elastic beam vertically connects the first end of described second elastic beam; Described resistance strain gage is located in described first elastic beam and described second elastic beam.
Further, described dynamometer link comprises dynamometry ball and connecting link; The first end of described connecting link is connected with described dynamometry ball; Second end of described connecting link is connected with described three-dimensional force transducer.
Further, described hold-down support, the first elastic beam and the second elastic beam are equipped with manhole; Described dynamometer link is inserted in the manhole of described second elastic beam; The first end of described first elastic beam is laterally provided with the first square through hole; Second end of described first elastic beam is longitudinally provided with the second square through hole; The middle part of described second elastic beam is provided with third party's shape through hole; Resistance strain gage is equipped with in described first square through hole, the second square through hole and third party's shape through hole.
Further, described resistance strain gage is at least two, described resistance strain gage full-bridge circuit in series.
Further, signal processing apparatus and signal wire is also comprised in described waterproof case; Described signal processing apparatus first end is connected with the second end of described hold-down support; The first end of described signal wire is connected with the second end of described signal processing apparatus.
Further, described signal processing apparatus comprises the pre-amplification circuit of cascade in turn, gain control circuit, USB interface data acquisition circuit and power circuit; The strain signal that described pre-amplification circuit exports for amplifying described three-dimensional force transducer; Described gain control circuit is for controlling the enlargement factor of described pre-amplification circuit; Described USB interface data acquisition circuit is for gathering the described strain signal after amplification; Described power circuit is used for powering for described gain control circuit, described pre-amplification circuit and described three-dimensional force transducer.
Further, waterproof membrane is provided with between described dynamometer link and described waterproof case.
The present invention has technological merit useful as follows:
(1) adopt contact measurement method, without the need to using light or sound wave as signal, avoid the factors such as the light tight or particle diffuse reflection of current to the interference of measuring-signal, thus can be applicable to the measurement of any concentration silt carrying flow.
(2) three-dimensional force transducer uses three groups of mutually orthogonal semi-girders dynamometry respectively, avoids the mutual interference between force component, and the independent synchronization achieving three-dimensional flow component is measured.
(3) under the cooperation of high natural frequency of vibration dynamometer link and three-dimensional force transducer, the sample frequency of three-dimensional muddy water fluctuating velocity instrument of the present invention is greater than 200Hz, effectively can record the three-dimensional pulsation information of open channel silt carrying flow.
(4) production cost of three-dimensional muddy water fluctuating velocity instrument of the present invention is about 20,000 yuans, significantly lower than commercially available ADV, and remarkable in economical benefits.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is three-dimensional muddy water fluctuating velocity instrument one-piece construction schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is three-dimensional force transducer schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is three-dimensional muddy water fluctuating velocity instrument sectional view of the present invention.
Embodiment
When considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, by referring to detailed description below, more completely can understand the present invention better and easily learn wherein many adjoint advantages, but accompanying drawing described herein is used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, forms a part of the present invention.
For enabling above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, feature and advantage become apparent more, and the present invention is further detailed explanation with embodiment by reference to the accompanying drawings.
Embodiment: as shown in Figure 1 to Figure 3, the present embodiment provides a kind of three-dimensional muddy water fluctuating velocity instrument, comprises three-dimensional force transducer 1, waterproof case 2 and dynamometer link 3; Waterproof case 2 comprises first component 24 and second component 25; The first end of first component 24 is connected with the first end of second component 25; Second end of first component 24 is provided with measured hole 22; Second end of second component 25 is provided with wire hole 23; The overall high 110mm of waterproof case 2, wide 30mm, thick 8mm, vertical pivot xsect is spliced by the square of length of side 8mm and the semicircle of former and later two diameters 8mm, and cable hole 21 is reserved for laying signal wire in vertical pivot upper end; Transverse axis is the cylinder of diameter 8mm, and transverse axis end upstream face is the hemisphere face of diameter 8mm.
Three-dimensional force transducer 1 is located at the junction of first component 24 and second component 25; Three-dimensional force transducer 1 comprises hold-down support 11, first elastic beam 14 and the second elastic beam 16; The first end of hold-down support 11 connects the first end of the first elastic beam 14; Second end of the first elastic beam 14 vertically connects the first end of the second elastic beam 16; Hold-down support 11, first elastic beam 14 and the second elastic beam 16 are equipped with manhole; Laterally be provided with the first square through hole 12 forms semi-girder to the first end of the first elastic beam 14, and be longitudinally provided with the second square through hole 13 forms semi-girder to the second end of the first elastic beam, and the middle part of the second elastic beam 16 is provided with third party's shape through hole 15 and forms semi-girder; In first square through hole 12, second square through hole 13 and third party's shape through hole, 15 are equipped with resistance strain gage; Often organize semi-girder by the two beam compositions be parallel to each other, a resistance strain gage is pasted in the inner side of every root beam, often organizes a pair foil gauge full-bridge circuit in series of beam; When elastic beam is stressed, because three groups of semi-girders are mutually orthogonal, the acting force of correspondence direction only responded to by one group of semi-girder of a direction, and not by the impact of two other direction acting force.The deflection of semi-girder is that voltage exports by resistance strain gage circuit conversion, the change in voltage measuring three circuit respectively realizes three-dimensional strength measurement, as shown in Figure 2 in coordinate system, 15 power responding to x, y, z direction respectively in the second square through hole 13, first square through hole 12 and third party's shape through hole.The wide 18mm of three-dimensional force transducer 1 of the present embodiment, high 30mm, thick 4mm, the size of every root semi-girder is long 8mm, wide 4mm, thick 0.2mm.
Dynamometer link 3 is inserted in the manhole of the second elastic beam 16; Dynamometer link 3 is connected with three-dimensional force transducer 1 through waterproof case 2; Dynamometer link 3 comprises dynamometry ball 31 and connecting link 32; The first end of connecting link 32 is connected with dynamometry ball 31; Second end of connecting link 32 is connected with erection support 16 through measured hole 22, the long 20mm of connecting link, diameter 2mm, dynamometry bulb diameter 5mm.
Waterproof membrane 4 is provided with between connecting link 32 and first component 24, waterproof membrane 4 is fexible film, film two ends respectively with the waterproof case 2 of measured hole 22 surrounding and dynamometer link 3 surface around bonding, bonding complete after glued membrane be in free deformation, both there is water-tight effect, do not affected dynamometer link power transmission again; Waterproof membrane 4 by hot-melting sealed glued membrane at high temperature with waterproof case 2 and dynamometer link 3 is bonding respectively forms.
Also comprise signal processing apparatus 5 in waterproof case 2, signal processing apparatus 5 first end is connected with the second end of hold-down support 11; Signal processing apparatus 5 comprises the pre-amplification circuit 51 of cascade in turn, gain control circuit 52, USB interface data acquisition circuit 53 and power circuit 54; The strain signal that pre-amplification circuit 51 exports for amplifying three-dimensional force transducer 1; Gain control circuit 52 is for controlling the enlargement factor of pre-amplification circuit 51; USB interface data acquisition circuit 53 is for gathering the strain signal after amplification; Power circuit 54 is for powering for gain control circuit 52, pre-amplification circuit 51 and three-dimensional force transducer 1; Also comprise signal wire in waterproof case, signal wire first end is connected with signal processing apparatus 5 second end through wire hole.
The software that tests the speed that the present embodiment adopts is formed by VC++ language compilation, and its effect is the strain signal that reading signal processing module 5 returns, and calculates flow rate of water flow in real time, and show flow speed data, analyze and store by known conversion relation.
The measuring principle of three-dimensional muddy water current meter of the present invention is:
According to fluid mechanics ABC, when spheroid is placed in current, current slow down owing to being obstructed separation, and around the flowing of spheroid surrounding, spheroid is applied resistance by current:
Wherein, D is sphere diameter, and V is flow rate of water flow, C
d=f (DV/ υ) is resistance coefficient, ρ
mfor the density of muddy water, ν is the kinematic viscosity coefficient of water.Formula (1) shows, in density p
mand in the water body determined of viscosity, between flow rate of water flow and resistance, there is one-to-one relationship, and stressed by measuring spheroid three-dimensional in real time, the three-dimensional instantaneous velocity of current can be obtained.
Principle of work:
Before using, in the current of variable concentrations and different in flow rate, carry out calibration experiment respectively, set up the conversion relation of three-dimensional force transducer 1 each road voltage signal and velocity component, and by it stored in the software that tests the speed; During use, three-dimensional muddy water fluctuating velocity instrument is placed in current to be measured, the software that tests the speed reads three road voltage signals in real time by the sample frequency of setting, and tries to achieve the three-dimensional instantaneous velocity of current according to known conversion relation.
The present embodiment has technological merit useful as follows:
(1) adopt contact measurement method, without the need to using light or sound wave as signal, avoid the factors such as the light tight or particle diffuse reflection of current to the interference of measuring-signal, thus can be applicable to the measurement of any concentration silt carrying flow.
(2) three-dimensional force transducer uses three groups of mutually orthogonal semi-girders dynamometry respectively, avoids the mutual interference between force component, and the independent synchronization achieving three-dimensional flow component is measured.
(3) under the cooperation of high natural frequency of vibration dynamometer link and three-dimensional force transducer, the sample frequency of three-dimensional muddy water fluctuating velocity instrument of the present invention is greater than 200Hz, effectively can record the three-dimensional pulsation information of open channel silt carrying flow.
(4) production cost of three-dimensional muddy water fluctuating velocity instrument of the present invention is about 20,000 yuans, significantly lower than commercially available ADV, and remarkable in economical benefits.
Below be only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, described embodiment just understands core concept of the present invention for helping.It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, can also carry out some improvement and modification to the present invention, these improve and modify the protection domain also belonging to the claims in the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a three-dimensional muddy water fluctuating velocity instrument, is characterized in that,
Comprise three-dimensional force transducer, waterproof case and dynamometer link;
Described three-dimensional force transducer is located in described waterproof case;
Described dynamometer link is connected with described three-dimensional force transducer through described waterproof case.
2. three-dimensional muddy water fluctuating velocity instrument according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
Described waterproof case comprises first component and second component;
The first end of described first component is connected with the first end of described second component;
Second end of described first component is provided with measured hole;
Second end of described second component is provided with wire hole;
Described three-dimensional force transducer is located at the junction of described first component and described second component.
3. three-dimensional muddy water fluctuating velocity instrument according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
Described three-dimensional force transducer comprises hold-down support, the first elastic beam, the second elastic beam and resistance strain gage;
The first end of described hold-down support connects the first end of described first elastic beam;
Second end of described first elastic beam vertically connects the first end of described second elastic beam;
Described resistance strain gage is located in described first elastic beam and described second elastic beam.
4. three-dimensional muddy water fluctuating velocity instrument according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
Described dynamometer link comprises dynamometry ball and connecting link;
The first end of described connecting link is connected with described dynamometry ball;
Second end of described connecting link is connected with described three-dimensional force transducer.
5. three-dimensional muddy water fluctuating velocity instrument according to claim 3, is characterized in that,
Described hold-down support, the first elastic beam and the second elastic beam are equipped with manhole;
Described dynamometer link is inserted in the manhole of described second elastic beam;
The first end of described first elastic beam is laterally provided with the first square through hole;
Second end of described first elastic beam is longitudinally provided with the second square through hole;
The middle part of described second elastic beam is provided with third party's shape through hole;
Resistance strain gage is equipped with in described first square through hole, the second square through hole and third party's shape through hole.
6. three-dimensional muddy water fluctuating velocity instrument according to claim 5, is characterized in that,
Described resistance strain gage is at least two, described resistance strain gage full-bridge circuit in series.
7., according to the three-dimensional muddy water fluctuating velocity instrument described in claim 1-6 any one, it is characterized in that,
Signal processing apparatus and signal wire is also comprised in described waterproof case;
Described signal processing apparatus first end is connected with the second end of described hold-down support;
The first end of described signal wire is connected with the second end of described signal processing apparatus.
8. three-dimensional muddy water fluctuating velocity instrument according to claim 7, is characterized in that,
Described signal processing apparatus comprises the pre-amplification circuit of cascade in turn, gain control circuit, USB interface data acquisition circuit and power circuit;
The strain signal that described pre-amplification circuit exports for amplifying described three-dimensional force transducer;
Described gain control circuit is for controlling the enlargement factor of described pre-amplification circuit;
Described USB interface data acquisition circuit is for gathering the described strain signal after amplification;
Described power circuit is used for powering for described gain control circuit, described pre-amplification circuit and described three-dimensional force transducer.
9., according to the three-dimensional muddy water fluctuating velocity instrument described in claim 1-6 any one, it is characterized in that,
Waterproof membrane is provided with between described dynamometer link and described waterproof case.
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| CN201410681860.6A CN104502625A (en) | 2014-11-24 | 2014-11-24 | Three-dimensional muddy water fluctuating velocity instrument |
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| CN201410681860.6A CN104502625A (en) | 2014-11-24 | 2014-11-24 | Three-dimensional muddy water fluctuating velocity instrument |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105631122A (en) * | 2015-12-25 | 2016-06-01 | 鼎奇(天津)主轴科技有限公司 | Thermal-deformation simulation analysis and modeling method of machine tool large piece |
| CN106841663A (en) * | 2015-12-04 | 2017-06-13 | 无锡乐华自动化科技有限公司 | The strain-type pipe flow speed sensor and application method of a kind of vibration plate structure |
| CN107576815A (en) * | 2017-07-19 | 2018-01-12 | 浙江海洋大学 | Sailing boat measuring wind speed device |
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| CN101788566A (en) * | 2010-02-10 | 2010-07-28 | 合肥工业大学 | Three-dimensional flow transducer |
| CN102519628A (en) * | 2011-12-16 | 2012-06-27 | 清华大学 | Coupling measurement device of particle three-dimensional stress and two-dimensional fluid velocity field |
| CN103983397A (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2014-08-13 | 武汉大学 | Three-dimensional sensing measurement system and method based on vector decomposition and synthesis mechanism |
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Patent Citations (5)
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| CN86206085U (en) * | 1986-08-15 | 1987-05-20 | 杭州传感器厂 | Small volume senser with air-pressure automatic compensation |
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| CN102519628A (en) * | 2011-12-16 | 2012-06-27 | 清华大学 | Coupling measurement device of particle three-dimensional stress and two-dimensional fluid velocity field |
| CN103983397A (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2014-08-13 | 武汉大学 | Three-dimensional sensing measurement system and method based on vector decomposition and synthesis mechanism |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106841663A (en) * | 2015-12-04 | 2017-06-13 | 无锡乐华自动化科技有限公司 | The strain-type pipe flow speed sensor and application method of a kind of vibration plate structure |
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| CN107576815A (en) * | 2017-07-19 | 2018-01-12 | 浙江海洋大学 | Sailing boat measuring wind speed device |
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Application publication date: 20150408 |