CN104501626A - Shell and tube heat exchanger - Google Patents
Shell and tube heat exchanger Download PDFInfo
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- CN104501626A CN104501626A CN201410826960.3A CN201410826960A CN104501626A CN 104501626 A CN104501626 A CN 104501626A CN 201410826960 A CN201410826960 A CN 201410826960A CN 104501626 A CN104501626 A CN 104501626A
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- heat exchanger
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- exchanger tube
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Abstract
The invention discloses a shell and tube heat exchanger, relates to the technical field of heat exchange, and aims to solve the technical problem of high formation rate of dead volume in a casing or high occurrence rate of a leakage phenomenon. A spiral passage and heat exchange tubes are arranged in a casing of the heat exchanger, wherein the spiral passage is formed by one baffle plate, or is formed by sequentially connecting at least two baffle plates; one or more leakage reduction cylinders are arranged between tube plates on the two sides of the casing; the leakage reduction cylinders are positioned at the axial positions of the casing, or circumferentially distributed around the axis of the casing. According to the heat exchanger, the formation rate of dead volume in the casing or the occurrence rate of leakage at gaps between the adjacent baffle plates can be reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of heat exchangers, particularly relate to a kind of tubular heat exchanger.
Background technology
Along with fast development that is economic and industry, countries in the world are faced with energy starved problem, so how efficiency utilization has the focus that the energy is various countries people growing interest.Wherein, heat exchanger is a kind of energy-saving equipment realizing heat transmission between material between two or more fluid of different temperatures, is make heat pass to the lower fluid of temperature by higher fluid, is one of capital equipment improving energy utilization rate.At present, application more widely heat exchanger is tubular heat exchanger, and tubular heat exchanger is by being generally made up of parts such as housing, heat-exchanging tube bundle, tube sheet, deflection plate (baffle plate) and bobbin carriages.
When the deflection plate in housing is helical baffles, fluid in housing will flow in helical duct, and the fluid in helical duct relies on centrifugal action, therefore its central area is the low flow velocity district of fluid, when housing inner fluid is for during containing rheid, at low flow velocity, district easily produces dead volume.In addition, when helical duct be by multi-disc deflection plate overlap form time, the lap-joint of adjacent baffle has gap usually, and fluid is helical flow between deflection plate, because flow velocity is low thus occur leakage current phenomenon when the existence in this gap can cause fluid to flow through herein.Near the place at heat exchanger shell center, gap is larger, and the flow velocity of fluid is lower, and the degree of leakage current is then serious.Leakage current can affect the heat transfer between heat exchanger tube pass and shell side, for containing rheid, also can cause the local deposits of solid, and then influence process heat transfer, can block heat exchanger, thoroughly lose heat exchange function time serious.
Summary of the invention
Embodiments of the invention provide a kind of tubular heat exchanger, can solve in housing the technical problem easily producing dead volume or leakage current phenomenon easily occurs.
For achieving the above object, embodiments of the invention adopt following technical scheme:
A kind of tubular heat exchanger, helical duct and heat exchanger tube is provided with in the housing of described heat exchanger, described helical duct is generated by one piece of deflection plate or is formed by connecting in turn by least two pieces of deflection plates, is provided with at least one and subtracts leakage cylinder in described housing between the tube sheet of both sides; Described subtracting is leaked cylinder and is positioned at the axis that the axial location place of described housing or circumference are distributed in described housing.
Further, described in subtract that to leak cylinder be hollow pipe, and described in subtract and leak the end of cylinder and extend out in the bobbin carriage outside described tube sheet.
Further, described deflection plate and described subtracting leak cylinder close contact.
Further, described deflection plate is segmental baffle, and the inclination angle scope of described segmental baffle is 4 ~ 45 °.
Further, the pitch of described helical duct and the ratio range of described housing inner diameter are 0.2 ~ 0.5.
Further, described heat exchanger tube circular array arrangement, and radially layered is arranged.
Further, along described tube sheet radially outward direction, the caliber of described heat exchanger tube increases gradually.
Further, described in heat exchanger tube described in adjacent outward layer and internal layer, the caliber ratio range of heat exchanger tube is 1 ~ 3.
Further, described in the tube pitch of the described heat exchanger tube of the skin be disposed adjacent and internal layer, the ratio range of the tube pitch of heat exchanger tube is 0.8 ~ 5.
Further, in described housing the flow control of shell-side fluid within 0.3 ~ 3m/s scope.
In the tubular heat exchanger that the embodiment of the present invention provides, be provided with helical duct in housing and subtract leakage cylinder, shell-side fluid can be made to flow subtracting in the helical duct leaked outside cylinder, and subtract leak arranging of cylinder can reduce the actual internal area of fluid in low flow velocity district, fluid is flowed along the outer peripheral areas of helical duct, thus reduces the dead volume in housing; When helical duct be formed by connecting by least two pieces of deflection plates time, the incidence of fluid gap location leakage current between adjacent baffle can be reduced.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the perspective view of the tubular heat exchanger described in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is for the tube sheet described in Fig. 1 and subtract the first connection diagram of leaking cylinder;
Fig. 3 is for the tube sheet described in Fig. 1 and subtract the second connection diagram of leaking cylinder;
Fig. 4 for heat exchanger tube described in Fig. 1 be rectangular array formula arrange schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 for heat exchanger tube described in Fig. 1 be annular array type arrange schematic diagram.
Reference numeral:
1, housing, 2, segmental baffle, 3, tube sheet, 4, deflection plate gap, 5, subtract leakage cylinder.
F direction is the flow direction of shell-side fluid;
F ' direction is the flow direction of tube side fluid.
Detailed description of the invention
Following explanatory notes is had in the embodiment of the present invention.
The angle of inclination of deflection plate: after deflection plate rotates along its radius, the angle between its plane and housing axis.
Connected mode that note is swollen: when pipe fitting is punctured in respective aperture, pipe fitting outer wall and this hole inwall have gap, in order to reduce or eliminate this gap, the endoporus adopting expansion gear (expander) this pipe fitting to be positioned at this hole carries out chambering process, makes to become tight fit between this pipe fitting and this hole.Wherein, expansion gear can adopt mechanical type expansion gear (expander) or fluid pressure type expansion gear (expander).
Leakage current phenomenon: produce certain gap between adjacent deflection plate in overlap joint process.Like this, during the flowing of housing inner fluid, a part of fluid flows along preset deflection plate passage systematicness, and some fluid then can enter next region by this gap leakage current, the fluid flow through this near gaps heat exchanger tube is caused to reduce, rate of flow of fluid is slack-off, thus the coefficient of heat transfer of heat exchanger is reduced, and affects heat transfer property, time serious, the direct leakage current of most of fluid will be had to enter next region, and heat exchanger tube both sides fluid heat transfer efficiency will decline greatly, thus lose heat exchange function.Especially, for for rheid, the existence of leakage current phenomenon not only have impact on the heat transfer property of heat exchanger, also easily causes solids particles precipitate at the gap location of deflection plate, blocks heat exchanger time serious.
Rectangular array piping mode: refer to that heat exchanger tube carries out regular distribution in level and vertical direction, all heat exchanger tubes are equal diameter specification, be the arrangement mode of fixed dimension with vertical direction heat exchanger tube center distance in the horizontal direction, arrangement form has: the arrangement modes such as 30 °, 45 °, 60 °, 90 °.
Annular array piping mode: with tube sheet center for the center of circle, heat exchanger tube successively annular spread from inside to outside, can be identical with layer heat exchanger tube specification, and heat exchanger tube tube pitch can be equal; The phasing diversified in specifications of adjacent inside and outside two-layer heat exchanger tube is same, and tube pitch is not necessarily equal.
Slide opening: vial plate is when holing, due to the close together between adjacent apertures, when carrying out actual punch operation, because the precision controlling difficulty of practical operation is larger, easily there is eccentric phenomena, just may occur the situation of punching between adjacent apertures, this situation especially easily occurs in the installation process subtracting and leak cylinder bundle.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the tubular heat exchanger described in the embodiment of the present invention is described in detail.
The present embodiment is a kind of tubular heat exchanger, as shown in Figure 1, helical duct and heat exchanger tube is provided with in the housing 1 of this heat exchanger, helical duct is generated by one piece of deflection plate or is formed by connecting in turn by least two pieces of deflection plates, be provided with at least one between housing 1 both sides tube sheet 3 and subtract leakage cylinder 5, when subtracting that to leak cylinder 5 be 1, cylinder 5 can be leaked be located at subtracting the axial centerline place of tube sheet 3; Cylinder 5 is leaked for time multiple when subtracting, subtract and leak the axis that cylinder 5 circumference (evenly) is distributed in housing 1, such as: one of them can be subtracted the axial centerline place that leakage cylinder 5 is located at tube sheet 3, all the other subtract leakage cylinder 5 circumference centered by the axis of housing 1 and are evenly distributed on this near axis.
In the present embodiment, shell-side fluid flows subtracting in the helical duct leaked outside cylinder 5, subtract arranging of cylinder 5 of leakage and can reduce the actual internal area of shell-side fluid in low flow velocity district, shell-side fluid is flowed along the outer peripheral areas of helical duct, thus reduces the dead volume in housing 1; When helical duct be formed by connecting by least two pieces of deflection plates time, the incidence of fluid gap location leakage current between adjacent baffle can be reduced.In addition, the effect that leakage cylinder 5 can also play support and spacing is subtracted.
In the present embodiment, subtract leakage cylinder 5 be one and arrange with housing coaxial line, but the quantity subtracting leakage cylinder 5 being not limited thereto, can be multiple tube banks subtracting leakage cylinder 5 and form, its position is also not limited thereto, and is preferably located at the central axis near zone of housing 1 in circumference (evenly) distribution.
Concrete, in the present embodiment, subtract and leak cylinder 5 with the connected mode between tube sheet 3 for weld, as shown in Figures 2 and 3, detachable thread connecting mode can also be adopted, or adopt the swollen technique of note to make to subtract and leak cylinder 5 and tube sheet 3 is tight fit.
Subtracting leakage cylinder 5 cross section can be circular, oval or rhombus etc., subtracts leakage cylinder 5 and is preferably round tube.Subtract the external diameter that the external diameter leaking cylinder 5 can be greater than heat exchanger tube, also can be less than the external diameter of heat exchanger tube, the external diameter of heat exchanger tube can certainly be equaled, when both external diameters are equal, can difficulty of processing be reduced.
Wherein, subtract and leak the end of cylinder 5 and can be embedded into inside tube sheet 3 and not penetrate tube sheet 3, as shown in Figure 2, arrange like this and can make to subtract that to leak the impact that cylinder 5 produces the intensity of tube sheet 3 less, without the need to carrying out holes drilled through to tube sheet 3, so the generation of slide opening phenomenon can not be produced, also there is advantage easy for installation.In addition, this kind of structure subtract leak cylinder 5 can be hollow pipe or solid bar structure.
In addition, when subtracting leakage cylinder 5 for hollow pipe, its end also can extend out in the bobbin carriage outside tube sheet 3, as shown in Figure 3, namely subtract and leak cylinder 5 completely through the whole thickness of tube sheet 3, now, subtract the bobbin carriage that the mouth of pipe leaking cylinder 5 is arranged in heat exchanger tube sheet 3 both sides, therefore when subtracting leakage cylinder 5 for hollow tubular structures, the liquid identical with heat exchanger tube can be passed into by subtracting to leak in cylinder 5, heat exchange can be carried out with shell-side fluid, namely subtracting and leak the effect that cylinder 5 has heat exchanger tube, certainly, this subtracts that to leak cylinder 5 also can be heat exchanger tube in heat-exchanging tube bundle.Subtract and leak while cylinder 5 effectively reduces housing 1 inner fluid leakage current, also participated in the heat transfer process of heat exchanger cold and hot fluid directly, killed two birds with one stone.This form is particularly suitable for subtracting leaks the situation that cylinder 5 is single tube.When the fluid subtracted in leakage cylinder 5 and shell-side fluid carry out heat exchange, although reduce the arrangement quantity of heat exchanger tube, indirectly decrease heat exchange area, the exchange capability of heat of whole heat exchanger does not weaken.
In the present embodiment, in the flow process of shell-side fluid, in order to reduce or avoid deflection plate and subtract the generation of the leakage current phenomenon of leaking cylinder 5 junction, by deflection plate and subtract and leak cylinder 5 close contact.
In order to simplify processing and the installation difficulty of deflection plate, deflection plate can be arranged to segmental baffle 2, when selecting segmental baffle 2, every block segmental baffle 2 will carry out helical arrangement layout around subtracting leakage cylinder 5 when overlapping, and according to subtracting the form parameter of leaking cylinder 5, segmental baffle 2 is processed near subtracting the position excision of leaking cylinder 5, make it just be wrapped in and subtract leakage cylinder 5 periphery, realize seamless connection.Subtract subtracting of leakage cylinder 5 composition for many and leak cylinder bundle, segmental baffle 2 can cut according to respective concrete shape and arrangement relation each other, make the segmental baffle after cutting 2 and subtract to leak between cylinder bundle and can realize seamless connection, to effectively reduce part leakage current space, and then reduce the generation of leakage current phenomenon.Described herein, deflection plate does not limit to and segmental baffle, also can select the deflection plate of other shape.
In order to reduce or avoid the generation of leakage current phenomenon further, the inclination angle scope of segmental baffle 2 can be chosen as 4 ~ 45 °, be preferably 15 ~ 45 °, and the ratio range of the pitch of helical duct and housing 1 internal diameter is chosen as 0.2 ~ 0.5.Within the scope of this inclination angle, prioritizing selection high inclination-angle arrangement, when shell-side fluid is flowed in housing 1, the pressure drop of fluid reduces, make that fluid is easier to flow along coasting trajectory, thus the possibility that reduction fluid passes through from adjacent baffle gap 4, the i.e. generation of minimizing leakage current phenomenon, and then minimizing housing 1 includes the dead volume that rheid produces due to leakage current.
In the present embodiment, the arrangement of heat exchanger tube can adopt rectangular array formula, as shown in Figure 4, consists of example with single pitch by four pieces of segmental baffles 2, but the magnitude setting of the segmental baffle in the present invention is not limited thereto, boundary line when "+" shape line is 4 pieces of deflection plate projections.Certainly, this boundary line also can be "×" shape line.Form for the splicing of polylith deflection plate can also have different projected boundary lines, and the present embodiment is for 4 pieces of deflection plates, and as shown in Figure 4, white circle is the projection of heat exchanger tube, and black circles is subtract the projection of leaking cylinder 5.Upper as can be seen from figure, heat exchanger tube all distributes in systematicness in the horizontal direction with on vertical direction, and heat exchanger tube specification is identical; By paracentral region, heat exchanger tube with subtract that to leak cylinder 5 spacing larger.
In addition, in the present embodiment, the arrangement of heat exchanger tube can also adopt annular array type to arrange, as shown in Figure 5, in annular array piping mode, "+" or "×" shape line are 4 pieces of deflection plate projected boundary lines, other form flash boundary lines all right of the form for the splicing of polylith deflection plate, at this for 4 pieces of deflection plates, deflection plate quantity is not limited.White circle is the projection of heat exchanger tube, and black circles is subtract the projection of leaking cylinder 5.The arrangement of heat exchanger tube is centered by housing 1 axis, successively arranging from inside to outside, adopting the heat exchanger tube that diameter is relatively little, along tube sheet 3 radially outward direction near subtracting the place of leaking cylinder 5, heat exchanger tube diameter increases step by step, and the heat exchanger tube specification of each annulate lamella is identical.Obviously, heat exchanger tube in the horizontal direction with vertical direction on all in irregular distribution, but in radial directions then in systematicness arrangement.
As mentioned above, during heat exchanger tube employing annular array type arrangement (as shown in Figure 5), the caliber ratio range of adjacent outward layer heat exchanger tube and internal layer heat exchanger tube is chosen as 1 ~ 3, and the outer heat exchanger tube tube pitch be disposed adjacent and the ratio range of internal layer heat exchanger tube tube pitch are chosen as 0.8 ~ 5.When so arranging, near the place at heat exchanger tube sheet 3 center, although flow velocity is lower, but owing to adopting the heat exchanger tube that diameter is less, heat exchanger tube be arranged to subtracting the spacing-controllable that leaks cylinder 5 less, and less heat exchanger tube more easily causes the turbulence level of low flow velocity fluid, strengthening fluid disturbance, this reduces the incidence of leakage current to a certain extent.Simultaneously, the heat exchanger tube of radial direction is systematicness distribution, make to leak cylinder 5 with more close away from subtracting the local resistance of leaking cylinder 5 near subtracting, fluid is made to flow through the pressure drop of each regional area more steady, balanced, thus make the flowing of fluid in helical duct more regular, to reduce leakage current.In addition, because shell-side fluid flows along helical duct, the arrangement mode that annular array piping mode can make fluid flow through the heat exchanger tube of each channel cross-section is more consistent, cross section is more regular, thus improve the stability of fluid flowing, reduce leakage current amount, reduce the gap between heat exchanger tube tube bank external diameter and housing 1 inwall, reduce the possibility of fluid from this gap leakage current.
Because the flow velocity of shell-side fluid is relevant with the leakage current degree of fluid, be conducive to fluid when rate of flow of fluid is higher to flow along coasting trajectory, but then can increase shell-side pressure drop when the flow velocity of shell-side fluid is too high in housing 1, the leakage current amount of heavy fluid can be added when this pressure drop is larger, therefore this rate of flow of fluid need be controlled in rational scope, in housing 1, reasonably the flow rates of shell-side fluid is chosen as 0.3 ~ 3m/s, is preferably 0.5 ~ 2m/s, effectively to reduce the generation of leakage current phenomenon.
In sum, in the present embodiment, subtract the setting of leaking cylinder 5 and can reduce segmental baffle gap 4, in addition, exchange heat pipe carries out the generation that rational layout etc. can reduce fluid leakage current phenomenon further, reduce the dead volume in housing, thus improve the heat exchange efficiency of shell-side fluid and heat exchanger tube (tube side fluid).
In the description of this description, specific features, structure, material or feature can combine in an appropriate manner in any one or more embodiment or example.
The above; be only the specific embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, is anyly familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; change can be expected easily or replace, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should described be as the criterion with the protection domain of claim.
Claims (10)
1. a tubular heat exchanger, it is characterized in that, be provided with helical duct and heat exchanger tube in the housing of described heat exchanger, described helical duct is generated by one piece of deflection plate or is formed by connecting in turn by least two pieces of deflection plates, is provided with at least one and subtracts leakage cylinder in described housing between the tube sheet of both sides; Described subtracting is leaked cylinder and is positioned at the axis that the axial location place of described housing or circumference are distributed in described housing.
2. tubular heat exchanger according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described in subtract that to leak cylinder be hollow pipe, and described in subtract and leak the end of cylinder and extend out in the bobbin carriage outside described tube sheet.
3. tubular heat exchanger according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described deflection plate and described subtracting leak cylinder close contact.
4. the tubular heat exchanger according to any one of claim 1-3, is characterized in that, described deflection plate is segmental baffle, and the inclination angle scope of described segmental baffle is 4 ~ 45 °.
5. tubular heat exchanger according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the pitch of described helical duct and the ratio range of described housing inner diameter are 0.2 ~ 0.5.
6. tubular heat exchanger according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described heat exchanger tube circular array arrangement, and radially layered is arranged.
7. tubular heat exchanger according to claim 6, is characterized in that, along described tube sheet radially outward direction, the caliber of described heat exchanger tube increases gradually.
8. tubular heat exchanger according to claim 7, is characterized in that, described in heat exchanger tube described in adjacent outward layer and internal layer, the caliber ratio range of heat exchanger tube is 1 ~ 3.
9. the tubular heat exchanger according to any one of claim 6-8, is characterized in that, described in the tube pitch of the described heat exchanger tube of the skin be disposed adjacent and internal layer, the ratio range of the tube pitch of heat exchanger tube is 0.8 ~ 5.
10. tubular heat exchanger according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described housing, the flow control of shell-side fluid is within 0.3 ~ 3m/s scope.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410826960.3A CN104501626B (en) | 2014-12-26 | 2014-12-26 | A kind of tubular heat exchanger |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410826960.3A CN104501626B (en) | 2014-12-26 | 2014-12-26 | A kind of tubular heat exchanger |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN104501626A true CN104501626A (en) | 2015-04-08 |
| CN104501626B CN104501626B (en) | 2017-06-30 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201410826960.3A Active CN104501626B (en) | 2014-12-26 | 2014-12-26 | A kind of tubular heat exchanger |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112539668A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-03-23 | 杭州科百特过滤器材有限公司 | Heat exchanger and manufacturing method thereof |
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| BE665355A (en) * | 1964-06-11 | 1965-10-01 | ||
| CN2754039Y (en) * | 2004-10-20 | 2006-01-25 | 辽宁石油化工大学 | Novel tubulation heat exchanger |
| CN101356358A (en) * | 2005-11-22 | 2009-01-28 | 特高恩莎有限公司 | Three-pass heat exchanger for an EGR system |
| CN201237459Y (en) * | 2008-06-13 | 2009-05-13 | 路辉 | Assembly type continuous spiral baffle plate heat exchanger |
| CN101706227A (en) * | 2009-11-27 | 2010-05-12 | 北京化工大学 | Shell-and-tube heat exchanger with un-notched traverse baffles |
| CN204007233U (en) * | 2014-07-15 | 2014-12-10 | 西安交通大学 | The U-shaped pipe heat exchanger of a kind of continuous helical deflecting plate |
-
2014
- 2014-12-26 CN CN201410826960.3A patent/CN104501626B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE665355A (en) * | 1964-06-11 | 1965-10-01 | ||
| CN2754039Y (en) * | 2004-10-20 | 2006-01-25 | 辽宁石油化工大学 | Novel tubulation heat exchanger |
| CN101356358A (en) * | 2005-11-22 | 2009-01-28 | 特高恩莎有限公司 | Three-pass heat exchanger for an EGR system |
| CN201237459Y (en) * | 2008-06-13 | 2009-05-13 | 路辉 | Assembly type continuous spiral baffle plate heat exchanger |
| CN101706227A (en) * | 2009-11-27 | 2010-05-12 | 北京化工大学 | Shell-and-tube heat exchanger with un-notched traverse baffles |
| CN204007233U (en) * | 2014-07-15 | 2014-12-10 | 西安交通大学 | The U-shaped pipe heat exchanger of a kind of continuous helical deflecting plate |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112539668A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-03-23 | 杭州科百特过滤器材有限公司 | Heat exchanger and manufacturing method thereof |
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| CN104501626B (en) | 2017-06-30 |
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Address after: 065001 New Austrian Science Park D Building, 118 Huaxiang Road, Langfang Development Zone, Hebei Province Patentee after: Xindi Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd. Address before: 065001 Block C, New Austrian Science Park, Xinyuan East Road, Langfang Economic Development Zone, Hebei Province Patentee before: Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd. |
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