CN104501441A - Expansion valve-free low-energy refrigerating/heating machine using water as working medium - Google Patents
Expansion valve-free low-energy refrigerating/heating machine using water as working medium Download PDFInfo
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- CN104501441A CN104501441A CN201410769356.1A CN201410769356A CN104501441A CN 104501441 A CN104501441 A CN 104501441A CN 201410769356 A CN201410769356 A CN 201410769356A CN 104501441 A CN104501441 A CN 104501441A
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- Prior art keywords
- heat exchanger
- water
- working
- expansion valve
- evaporating heat
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
- F25B1/04—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle with compressor of rotary type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
- F25B39/02—Evaporators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2339/00—Details of evaporators; Details of condensers
- F25B2339/02—Details of evaporators
- F25B2339/021—Evaporators in which refrigerant is sprayed on a surface to be cooled
Abstract
The invention relates to an expansion valve-free low-energy refrigerating/heating machine using water as a working medium. The expansion valve-free low-energy refrigerating/heating machine is formed by an evaporation heat exchanger, a condensation heat exchanger and a scroll compressor, wherein the upper part of the evaporation heat exchanger is provided with a first opening end, the first opening end is communicated with the air inlet end of the scroll compressor, and the air outlet end of the scroll compressor is communicated with a second opening end at the upper part of the condensation heat exchanger; a heat dissipation pipe is arranged in the condensation heat exchanger, a condensation chamber is arranged between the heat dissipation pipe and the second opening end, and the condensation chamber is provided with a valve; the bottom parts of the evaporation heat exchanger and the condensation heat exchanger are communicated through an arc-shaped pipe. The expansion valve-free low-energy refrigerating/heating machine disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the structure is simple and reasonable, the installation and the maintenance are convenient, energy and materials can be effectively saved, safe, non-pressure, non-toxic, non-pollution and non-corrosion effects are realized, and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cooling/heating machine, especially a kind of working medium is the low energy consumption cooling/heating machine of water without expansion valve.
Background technology
The air conditioner refrigerating device of evaporator temperature more than 0 DEG C, can reduce the temperature and humidity of air in living space.Evaporation working medium is water, completes the refrigeration machine of process of refrigerastion with the effect of chemical absorbent (heat chemistry compressor reducer), has the Absorption Refrigerator such as sulfuric acid and water, silver bromide He Shui, water and ammonia in early days; Main with lithium bromide and water absorption type refrigeration machine at present, they all utilize the suction-operated of absorbent to evaporant (water) to make evaporant (water) lower the temperature and freeze; Also has steam-sprayed aspiration vacuum evaporation water refrigeration machine.Above-mentioned refrigeration machine is all because of its COP(Energy Efficiency Ratio) index is lower and have the trend be eliminated gradually.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, there is provided a kind of working medium to be the low energy consumption cooling/heating machine of water without expansion valve, there is simple and reasonable, convenient for installation and maintenance, energy-efficient province material, the safety plurality of advantages such as with no pressure, nontoxic, pollution-free, corrosion-free.
According to technical scheme provided by the invention, a kind of working medium is the low energy consumption cooling/heating machine of water without expansion valve, it is characterized in that: be made up of evaporating heat exchanger, condensing heat exchanger and screw compressor, the top of described evaporating heat exchanger is provided with the first openend, first openend is connected with the inlet end of screw compressor, and the outlet side of screw compressor is connected with second openend on condensing heat exchanger top; Be provided with radiating tube in described condensing heat exchanger, be provided with condensation chamber between radiating tube and the second openend, condensation chamber arranges valve; Described evaporating heat exchanger is connected by arc pipe with the bottom of condensing heat exchanger.
In one embodiment of this invention, described evaporating heat exchanger comprises evaporating heat exchanger housing, is provided with endothermic tube in evaporating heat exchanger housing, is provided with vaporization chamber between endothermic tube and the first openend.
In another embodiment of the invention, described evaporating heat exchanger comprises evaporating heat exchanger housing, vaporization chamber is provided with between evaporating heat exchanger housing and the first openend, the bottom of evaporator shell is provided with downcomer, in vaporization chamber, spray thrower is set, spray thrower connects return pipe, arranges one or be arranged in parallel multiple coil heat exchanger between return pipe and downcomer by same journey pipe, downcomer and with journey pipe between circulating pump is set.
Down, the difference in height in the arc pipe two end section center of circle and the center of circle, sagitta point cross section is greater than nock caliber to the nock of described arc pipe.
Working medium of the present invention is water does not have expansion valve to carry out the process of high pressure liquid phase transformation to low pressure vapour phase without the low energy consumption cooling/heating machine of expansion valve, and the main power attenuation of compression refrigerating machine is on the gaseous working medium and expansion valve of High Pressure Difference, therefore refrigeration COP coefficient can be made to reach more than 8, refrigeration or heating efficiency can be increased substantially, very large cold and heat is exchanged for very little energy consumption, obviously energy-efficient; Working medium adopts water to be natural refrigerant, without the need to producing, thus also just do not produce and use environment that cold-producing medium brings contaminated with the earth by serious greenhouse effect problem.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention one.
Fig. 2 is the working state figure of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention two.
Detailed description of the invention
Use water as evaporation/condensation working medium, cooling/heating machine is under normal temperature and vacuum condition, if the decalescence temperature liquid phase of evaporimeter being turned gas phase is set to 15 DEG C (as cold junctions), the isothermal radiation temperature that the gas phase of condenser turns liquid phase is set in 45 DEG C (as hot junctions), makes evaporation saturation vapour pressure and condensation saturation vapour pressure produce 803 mmH by compressor
2during the pressure reduction of O, cooling/heating machine can produce the temperature difference requirement of above-mentioned evaporation/condensation 30 DEG C.Now, the external evaporation endothermic of evaporating heat exchanger of cooling/heating machine, makes surrounding medium temperature reduce, i.e. the temperature and humidity of adjustable air; And condensing heat exchanger is to condensed exterior heat release, surrounding medium temperature is raised, surrounding medium, by diffuses flow heat release, makes the thermal balance that cooling/heating machine reaches new.Evaporating heat exchanger and the bottom of condensing heat exchanger have arc pipe to be communicated with.Working-medium water liquid level, because of the effect of pressure difference power, makes the working-medium water liquid level in evaporating heat exchanger raise because pressure is lower; And the working-medium water liquid level in condensing heat exchanger reduces because pressure is higher.Thus, namely both working-medium water liquid levels produce certain liquid level difference.When the swabbing action that the working-medium water liquid level in evaporating heat exchanger continues by gravity and compressor, make evaporation saturation vapour pressure obtain the condition of evaporation endothermic and freeze, together, its mechanism is different for this phenomenon and expansion valve function class.
Below in conjunction with concrete accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described.
As shown in Figure 1-Figure 3: described working medium be water without the low energy consumption cooling/heating machine of expansion valve comprise working-medium water 1, evaporating heat exchanger 2, endothermic tube 3, screw compressor 4, radiating tube 5, condensing heat exchanger 6, arc pipe 7, vaporization chamber 8, condensation chamber 9, valve 10, downcomer 11, circulating pump 12, with journey pipe 13, coil heat exchanger 14, return pipe 15, spray thrower 16, evaporating heat exchanger housing 17 etc.
Embodiment one:
As shown in Figure 1: the present invention is made up of evaporating heat exchanger 2, condensing heat exchanger 6 and screw compressor 4, the top of evaporating heat exchanger 2 is provided with the first openend, first openend is connected with the inlet end of screw compressor 4, and the outlet side of screw compressor 4 is connected with second openend on condensing heat exchanger 6 top; Described evaporating heat exchanger 2 comprises evaporating heat exchanger housing 17, is provided with endothermic tube 3 in evaporating heat exchanger housing 17, is provided with vaporization chamber 8 between endothermic tube 3 and the first openend; Be provided with radiating tube 5 in described condensing heat exchanger 6, be provided with condensation chamber 9 between radiating tube 5 and the second openend, condensation chamber 9 arranged valve 10, can be annotated working-medium water 1 and vacuumizing by valve 10; Described evaporating heat exchanger 2 is connected by arc pipe 7 with the bottom of condensing heat exchanger 6, the nock of arc pipe 7 down, the direct difference in height in arc pipe 7 liang of end section centers of circle and the center of circle, sagitta point cross section is greater than caliber, and the arc of arc pipe 7 can prevent cold/hot temperature migration from losing; Described evaporating heat exchanger 2, screw compressor 4, condensing heat exchanger 6 and arc pipe 7 be a composition vacuum tightness loop jointly, gaseous working medium water 1 is arranged at screw compressor 4, vaporization chamber 8 and condensation chamber 9 top, has liquid refrigerant water 1 in evaporating heat exchanger 2, arc pipe 7 and condensing heat exchanger 6 bottom; Working-medium water 1 liquid level in described evaporating heat exchanger 2 is higher than condensing heat exchanger 6 working-medium water 1 liquid level.
Operation principle of the present invention and the course of work:
Principle that the present invention follows " inverse Carnot cycle ", is made up of four essential parts: first working medium is at T
0under from low-temperature receiver (namely cooled object) draw heat q
0, and carry out decalescence, then by adiabatic compression, make its temperature by T
0be increased to the temperature T of surrounding medium
k, then at T
kunder carry out isothermal heat release, and release heat q to surrounding medium (i.e. high temperature heat source)
k, finally carry out adiabatic expansion (adiabatic expansion completes at the medium level of evaporating heat exchanger) again, make its temperature by T
kbe down to T
0even if working medium gets back to original state, thus complete a circulation;
Concrete, in evaporating heat exchanger 2, working-medium water 1 seethes with excitement in liquid form to absorb heat and evaporates, when surrounding medium temperature is higher than working-medium water 1 evaporating temperature, surrounding medium heat carries out natural diffuseness transmission to working-medium water in evaporating heat exchanger 21 with liquid or gaseous form and obtains cooling refrigeration, evaporating heat exchanger 2 needs enough heat exchange areas, to reduce the temperature difference of surrounding medium and working medium, in condensing heat exchanger 6, working-medium water 1 carries out condensation heat release in a gaseous form, when its temperature is higher than surrounding medium temperature, surrounding medium carries out decalescence cooling working medium with liquid or gaseous form to the working substance steam in condensing heat exchanger 6, make surrounding medium obtain heat and heating up to heat simultaneously, decline at condensing heat exchanger 6 inner surface Yin Wendu and form working-medium water 1 lime set, working-medium water 1 lime set falls within the bottom of condensing heat exchanger 6 naturally because of gravity, evaporating heat exchanger 2 is back to by arc pipe 7, condensing heat exchanger 6 needs enough heat exchange areas equally, to reduce the temperature difference of surrounding medium and working medium, the arc of arc pipe 7 can prevent cold/hot temperature migration, can to be annotated working-medium water 1 and by the air in vavuum pump extraction system by the setting of valve 10.
The course of work is as follows: first to be annotated working-medium water 1 by valve 10, then air is extracted by vavuum pump, the liquid level of the working-medium water 1 secondly in screw compressor 4 pairs of evaporating heat exchangers 2 reduces pressure, make working-medium water 1 rise in evaporating heat exchanger 2 boiling expand evaporation, working-medium water 1 becomes gaseous state from liquid state, to external agency decalescence refrigeration, by screw compressor 4 adiabatic compression, elevate the temperature to exceeding surrounding medium temperature; Again the working-medium water 1 of gaseous state is carried out condensation in condensing heat exchanger 6, make the working-medium water 1 of gaseous state be transformed into liquid state, to the heat release of surrounding medium isothermal, the lime set on radiating tube 5 surface falls within bottom condensation chamber 9; The working-medium water 1 simultaneously compressing produced malleation official post liquid state by screw compressor 4 declines in condensing heat exchanger 6, be back in evaporating heat exchanger 2 by arc pipe 7, by working-medium water 1, cold junction transfer of heat is transported to hot junction release, complete refrigerating/heating cyclic process, the nock of arc pipe 7 connects down and can prevent cold/hot temperature channelling from losing.
Embodiment two:
As shown in Figure 3: the present invention is made up of evaporating heat exchanger 2, condensing heat exchanger 6 and screw compressor 4, the top of evaporating heat exchanger 2 is provided with the first openend, first openend is connected with the inlet end of screw compressor 4, and the outlet side of screw compressor 4 is connected with second openend on condensing heat exchanger 6 top; Described evaporating heat exchanger 2 comprises evaporating heat exchanger housing 17, vaporization chamber 8 is provided with between evaporating heat exchanger housing 17 and the first openend, the bottom of evaporating heat exchanger housing 17 is provided with downcomer 11, spray thrower 16 is set in vaporization chamber 8, spray thrower 16 connects return pipe 15, by arranging one or be arranged in parallel multiple coil heat exchanger 14 with journey pipe 13 between return pipe 15 and downcomer 11, downcomer 11 and with journey pipe 13 between circulating pump 12 is set; Be provided with radiating tube 5 in described condensing heat exchanger 6, be provided with condensation chamber 9 between radiating tube 5 and the second openend, condensation chamber 9 arranged valve 10; Described evaporating heat exchanger 2 is connected by arc pipe 7 with the bottom of condensing heat exchanger 6, the nock of arc pipe 7 down, the direct difference in height in arc pipe 7 liang of end section centers of circle and the center of circle, sagitta point cross section is greater than caliber, and the arc of arc pipe 7 can prevent cold/hot temperature migration from losing; Described evaporating heat exchanger 2, screw compressor 4, condensing heat exchanger 6 and arc pipe 7 be a composition vacuum tightness loop jointly; Gaseous working medium water 1 is arranged at described screw compressor 4, vaporization chamber 8 and condensation chamber 9 top, evaporating heat exchanger housing 17, downcomer 11, circulating pump 12, has liquid refrigerant water 1 with in journey pipe 13, coil heat exchanger 14, return pipe 15, spray thrower 16 and condensing heat exchanger 6 bottom; Working-medium water 1 liquid level in described evaporating heat exchanger housing 17 is higher than working-medium water 1 liquid level in condensing heat exchanger 6.
Operation principle of the present invention and the course of work:
Principle that the present invention follows " inverse Carnot cycle ", is made up of four essential parts: first working medium is at T
0under from low-temperature receiver (namely cooled object) draw heat q
0, and carry out decalescence, then by adiabatic compression, make its temperature by T
0be increased to the temperature T of surrounding medium
k, then at T
kunder carry out isothermal heat release, and release heat q to surrounding medium (i.e. high temperature heat source)
k, finally carry out adiabatic expansion (adiabatic expansion completes at the medium level of evaporimeter) again, make its temperature by T
kbe down to T
0even if working medium gets back to original state, thus complete a circulation;
Concrete, in evaporating heat exchanger 2, working-medium water 1 in liquid form, by downcomer 11, circulating pump 12, spray heat absorption evaporation with journey pipe 13, coil heat exchanger 14, return pipe 15, spray thrower 16, when surrounding medium temperature is higher than working-medium water 1 evaporating temperature, surrounding medium heat carries out natural diffuseness transmission to working-medium water in coil heat exchanger 14 1 in a gaseous form and obtains cooling refrigeration, and heat exchanger 14 needs enough heat exchange areas, to reduce the temperature difference of surrounding medium and working medium, in condensing heat exchanger 6, working-medium water 1 carries out condensation heat release in a gaseous form, when its temperature of working-medium water 1 is higher than surrounding medium temperature, surrounding medium carries out decalescence cooling working medium with liquid or gaseous form to the working substance steam in condensing heat exchanger 6, make surrounding medium obtain heat and heating up to heat simultaneously, decline at condensing heat exchanger 6 inner surface Yin Wendu and form working-medium water 1 lime set, working-medium water 1 lime set falls within the bottom of condensing heat exchanger 6 naturally because of gravity, evaporating heat exchanger 2 is back to by arc pipe 7, condensing heat exchanger 6 needs enough heat exchange areas equally, to reduce the temperature difference of surrounding medium and working medium, the arc of arc pipe 7 can prevent temperature migration.
The course of work is as follows: first to be annotated working-medium water 1 by valve 10, then air is extracted by vavuum pump, secondly reduction vaporization is carried out on the drop surface that the spray thrower 16 in screw compressor 4 pairs of evaporating heat exchanger housings 17 sprays working-medium water 1, working-medium water 1 swelling heat absorption is evaporated, directly produced cold working-medium water 1, cross cold working-medium water 1 to pass through downcomer 11, circulating pump 12, obtain cold with coil heat exchanger 14 to outside surrounding medium decalescence with journey pipe 13, by screw compressor 4 adiabatic compression, elevate the temperature to exceeding surrounding medium temperature; Again the working-medium water 1 of gaseous state is carried out condensation in condensing heat exchanger 6, the working-medium water 1 of gaseous state is made to be transformed into liquid state, to the heat release of surrounding medium isothermal, compress produced positive differential pressure by screw compressor 4 working-medium water 1 of liquid state is declined in solidifying heat exchanger 6 simultaneously, be back in evaporating heat exchanger 2 by arc pipe 7, by working-medium water 1, the transfer of heat of cold junction coil heat exchanger 14 is transported to hot junction condensing heat exchanger 6 to discharge, complete refrigerating/heating cyclic process, the nock of arc pipe 7 connects down and can prevent cold and hot channelling from losing.
Claims (4)
1. a working medium is the low energy consumption cooling/heating machine of water without expansion valve, it is characterized in that: be made up of evaporating heat exchanger (2), condensing heat exchanger (6) and screw compressor (4), the top of described evaporating heat exchanger (2) is provided with the first openend, first openend is connected with the inlet end of screw compressor (4), and the outlet side of screw compressor (4) is connected with second openend on condensing heat exchanger (6) top; Be provided with radiating tube (5) in described condensing heat exchanger (6), between radiating tube (5) and the second openend, be provided with condensation chamber (9), condensation chamber (9) is arranged valve (10); Described evaporating heat exchanger (2) is connected by arc pipe (7) with the bottom of condensing heat exchanger (6).
2. working medium as claimed in claim 1 is the low energy consumption cooling/heating machine of water without expansion valve, it is characterized in that: described evaporating heat exchanger (2) comprises evaporating heat exchanger housing (17), be provided with endothermic tube (3) in evaporating heat exchanger housing (17), between endothermic tube (3) and the first openend, be provided with vaporization chamber (8).
3. working medium as claimed in claim 1 is the low energy consumption cooling/heating machine of water without expansion valve, it is characterized in that: described evaporating heat exchanger (2) comprises evaporating heat exchanger housing (17), vaporization chamber (8) is provided with between evaporating heat exchanger housing (17) and the first openend, the bottom of evaporator shell (17) is provided with downcomer (11), spray thrower (16) is set in vaporization chamber (8), spray thrower (16) connects return pipe (15), by arranging one or be arranged in parallel multiple coil heat exchanger (14) with journey pipe (13) between return pipe (15) and downcomer (11), downcomer (11) and with journey pipe (13) between circulating pump (12) is set.
4. working medium as claimed in claim 1 is the low energy consumption cooling/heating machine of water without expansion valve, it is characterized in that: down, the difference in height in arc pipe (7) the two end section center of circle and the center of circle, sagitta point cross section is greater than nock caliber to the nock of described arc pipe (7).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410769356.1A CN104501441B (en) | 2014-12-12 | 2014-12-12 | Expansion valve-free low-energy refrigerating/heating machine using water as working medium |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410769356.1A CN104501441B (en) | 2014-12-12 | 2014-12-12 | Expansion valve-free low-energy refrigerating/heating machine using water as working medium |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104501441A true CN104501441A (en) | 2015-04-08 |
| CN104501441B CN104501441B (en) | 2017-04-19 |
Family
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410769356.1A Active CN104501441B (en) | 2014-12-12 | 2014-12-12 | Expansion valve-free low-energy refrigerating/heating machine using water as working medium |
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| US5291750A (en) * | 1992-02-06 | 1994-03-08 | Mainstream Engineering Corporation | Innovation adsorption heating and cooling device for micro-climate applications |
| CN2211051Y (en) * | 1994-10-13 | 1995-10-25 | 陈启松 | Hydraulic refrigerator |
| KR20050065757A (en) * | 2003-12-23 | 2005-06-30 | 재단법인 포항산업과학연구원 | Heat pump system using geothermal heat |
| JP2010159634A (en) * | 2009-01-06 | 2010-07-22 | Hitachi Ltd | Seal structure of turbo machine |
| CN102439108A (en) * | 2009-05-08 | 2012-05-02 | 霍尼韦尔国际公司 | Hydrofluorocarbon refrigerant compositions for heat pump water heaters |
| CN102620462A (en) * | 2011-01-31 | 2012-08-01 | 杭州三花研究院有限公司 | Heat source driven vacuum refrigerating system |
| CN203908102U (en) * | 2014-04-10 | 2014-10-29 | 西北工业大学 | Novel refrigeration equipment |
| CN204373251U (en) * | 2014-12-12 | 2015-06-03 | 沙无埃 | Working medium is the low energy consumption cooling/heating machine of water without expansion valve |
-
2014
- 2014-12-12 CN CN201410769356.1A patent/CN104501441B/en active Active
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5291750A (en) * | 1992-02-06 | 1994-03-08 | Mainstream Engineering Corporation | Innovation adsorption heating and cooling device for micro-climate applications |
| CN2211051Y (en) * | 1994-10-13 | 1995-10-25 | 陈启松 | Hydraulic refrigerator |
| KR20050065757A (en) * | 2003-12-23 | 2005-06-30 | 재단법인 포항산업과학연구원 | Heat pump system using geothermal heat |
| JP2010159634A (en) * | 2009-01-06 | 2010-07-22 | Hitachi Ltd | Seal structure of turbo machine |
| CN102439108A (en) * | 2009-05-08 | 2012-05-02 | 霍尼韦尔国际公司 | Hydrofluorocarbon refrigerant compositions for heat pump water heaters |
| CN102620462A (en) * | 2011-01-31 | 2012-08-01 | 杭州三花研究院有限公司 | Heat source driven vacuum refrigerating system |
| CN203908102U (en) * | 2014-04-10 | 2014-10-29 | 西北工业大学 | Novel refrigeration equipment |
| CN204373251U (en) * | 2014-12-12 | 2015-06-03 | 沙无埃 | Working medium is the low energy consumption cooling/heating machine of water without expansion valve |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN104501441B (en) | 2017-04-19 |
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