CN1045013C - High-efficient microporous diaphragm water electrolyzing bath - Google Patents
High-efficient microporous diaphragm water electrolyzing bath Download PDFInfo
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- CN1045013C CN1045013C CN93111178A CN93111178A CN1045013C CN 1045013 C CN1045013 C CN 1045013C CN 93111178 A CN93111178 A CN 93111178A CN 93111178 A CN93111178 A CN 93111178A CN 1045013 C CN1045013 C CN 1045013C
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- microporous membrane
- plate
- electrolyzer
- membrane
- water electrolyzer
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
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- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a water electrolyzer with a microporous membrane, which adopts a microporous membrane made of an asbestos membrane, a potassium titanate membrane or a titanium dioxide film, etc. A conductive bar or a conductive support pad is added between a partition plate (an auxiliary electrode) and a perforated plate (a main electrode) to form a hard supporting structure; a shared pipe of the water electrolyzer with a microporous membrane is inlaid with insulating rings or made of insulative materials. The present invention has the advantages that the operation is convenient, the direct current power consumption is low (3.8-4.0Kw-hr/m<3>H2), a hydrogen chamber and an oxygen chamber can work stably under the differential pressure, hydrogen gas with the purity of more than 99.99% can be produced, deionized water can simultaneously be input into the oxygen chamber under the normal pressure, and the cost of the water electrolyzer with the microporous membrane is low, and the present invention can both be used as an industrialized water electrolyzing device to replace the traditional water electrolyzing device and be also made into a small high-purity hydrogen gas generator.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of electrolytic water device, specifically provide a kind of efficient water electrolyzer of low power consuming that adopts microporous membrane to separate the hydrogen-oxygen 2 air chambers.
The water electrolyzer of using in industrial production is often separated the hydrogen-oxygen 2 air chambers with woven asbesto, and it needs to work under the condition of two Room equilibrium pressures.But because oxygen leaks to hydrogen chamber string, cause the gaseous mass that produces poor, hydrogen purity has only 98%.And because of two interelectrode distances are big, the direct current consumption height (reaches 5Kw-hr/m
3H
2More than).At present more advanced technology (J.Appl.Electrochem.18 (1988) 1-4) is to adopt ion-exchange membrane and special membrane as the air chamber barrier film, and utilize two kinds of perforation plates that the aperture differs for electrode to form zero polar distance electrolytic bath.This water electrolyzer can partly solve the big problem of interelectrode distance, has reduced energy consumption to a certain extent.But this device needs strict control condition, inconvenient operation, and simultaneously, because this device does not still solve common conduit electrolysis problem, so the gas purity that this technology provided is not high.In addition, this device is difficult in the industrial production and adopts also because of the cost height.
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of efficient water electrolyzer, this electrolyzer not only consumes energy low, and can produce high-purity hydrogen (more than 99.99%) and oxygen.Simultaneously, convenient because of this electrolyzer control, anti-mishandle performance is strong, and cost is low, so be suitable for using in industrial production.
For achieving the above object, it is the division plate of the microporous membrane of 80～100nm as hydrogen-oxygen air chamber in the water electrolyzer that water electrolyzer provided by the present invention at first adopts mean pore size, like this can be between 2 air chambers at steady operation under the differential pressure, not only carry power is provided for liquid, can solve simultaneously gas trains again effectively and leak phenomenon, gaseous mass can improve.In the running, oxygen room is a normal pressure, thereby when hydrogen chamber works under pressure, also can be replenished the water of electrolysis easily by non-pressurized oxygen room.Its microporous membrane commonly used can be selected micropore asbestos film, potassium titanate film or titanium dioxide film etc., the thickness 0.5～2.5mm of microporous membrane for use.Secondly, the employing perforation plate is electrode (main electrode), and forms hard supporting structure to add bus or conductive supporting pad between pole plate and division plate (supporting electrode).This installation form, making perforation plate main electrode and division plate supporting electrode is equi-potential, the two perforation plate main electrodes that are positioned at the microporous membrane both sides can fit tightly with microporous membrane, make it to form stable zero polar moment.Can reduce between electrode contact electricity resistance (particularly the electroplax electrolyzer being constituted many situations to the multipole electrolyzer) effectively by single, also reduced as far as possible two main electrode distance from, reduce energy consumption, increase work efficiency, make direct current consumption can reach 8.8～4.0Kw-hr/m
3H
2Its perforation plate can be by ortho-water electrolyzer battery lead plate material commonly used, and for example nickel, stainless steel or iron nickel-plated sheet etc. evenly are drilled to aperture and make, and the aperture accounts for 20～80% of battery lead plate with Φ 1～3mm, hole area and is advisable.When perforation plate was made negative electrode, technology adopted the thermolysis coating to prepare cobalt-nickel, Ni-Ti, nickel-molybdenum-tungsten isoreactivity cathode routinely.Division plate can be made by stainless steel or iron nickel plating material.Bus or conductive supporting pad can be by making with division plate metal sheet of the same race or other metallic substance.In addition, water electrolyzer of the present invention adopts corrosion resistant non-metallic material to make shared duct, has overcome so effectively that electrolysis causes the not high technical problem of gas purity in the common conduit because of division plate (supporting electrode).Combine with adopting microporous membrane technology, can guarantee the quality of water electrolytic gas, hydrogen purity can reach 99.99%.Material as the shared duct of liner can be selected polymer resene Erosion-Resisting Non-metallic Materials such as polysulfones, polypropylene, tetrafluoroethylene, perfluoroethylene-propylene, polyvinyl chloride for use, makes common conduit inner bushing ring or common conduit.
Accompanying drawing 1 provides the cell construction synoptic diagram for embodiment 1.
Accompanying drawing 2 provides the cell construction synoptic diagram for embodiment 2.
Give further detailed explanation below by example to technology of the present invention.
Example 1 high-efficient microporous diaphragm water electrolyzing bath 1
(0.5～1.5mm) for the emblem pore membrane to choose the asbestos film of aperture 800A, (anode is iron nickel plating to make electrode apart from the thick perforation plate of 1mm of 1mm through surface treatment with aperture Φ 2mm stalk, negative electrode is a Ni-Ti), division plate supporting electrode and conductive supporting pad are made by stainless steel, make dead ring with polysulfone material and be embedded in four jiaos of division plate to constitute shared duct, the assembling and the structure of water electrolyzer are illustrated by Fig. 1.Accompanying drawing 1 is a single counter electrode water electrolyzer structural representation, wherein: 1. division plate; 2. dead ring; 3. frame; 4. emblem pore membrane; 5. perforation plate; 6. conductive supporting pad.
By structure shown in Figure 1, a pair of perforation plate 5 (main electrode) has closely cooperated in microporous membrane 4 both sides, be added with conductive supporting pad 6 between division plate 1 (supporting electrode) and the perforation plate 5, form division plate 1 and be tightly linked structure with perforation plate 5 hard supports, it makes the division plate 1 of homonymy and perforation plate 5 be equi-potential.In common conduit hole, division plate 1 two ends, be inlaid with dead ring 2, the common conduit inwall of division plate 1 is not contacted with electrolytic solution, can prevent its electrolysis effectively, other installation of electrolyzer and can adopt routine techniques to carry out by the sealing that insulating material is made between the frame 3.This water electrolyzer hydrogen output pressure 0.4MPa, oxygen room is a normal pressure, electrolytic solution can be injected by oxygen room.Produce hydrogen purity and can reach more than 99.99%, its direct current consumption is 3.9Kw-hr/m
3H
2
Example 2 high-efficient microporous diaphragm water electrolyzing baths 2
Choose the titanium dioxide film that mean pore size is 800A, perforation plate, division plate prepare identical with example 1 selection, make the frame that has shared duct with the acrylic resin injection moulding, division plate and microporous membrane are placed in the embedding mouth of frame, bus is made by stainless steel.Its cell construction and assembling are illustrated by Fig. 2.In accompanying drawing 2: 1. division plate; 4. microporous membrane; 5. perforation plate; 7. bus; 8. frame.
Example 2 is to replace conductive supporting pad 6 with bus 7 with example 1 difference, has shared duct in the frame 8, therefore, without dead ring 2, also plays the shared duct electrolysis problem that prevents.Other assembling is identical with example 1 with structure.When the hydrogen output pressure is 0.4MPa, oxygen is normal pressure, and hydrogen purity can reach more than 99.99%, and its direct current consumption is 3.8Kw-hr/m
3H
2
By above-mentioned example, water electrolyzer provided by the present invention, owing to adopt microporous membrane as the air chamber barrier film, cheap, anti-mishandle ability is strong, and can improve the purity (reaching more than 99.99%) that produces hydrogen greatly after the processing of shared duct employing insulating material.Simultaneously, again owing between perforation plate (main electrode), the division plate (supporting electrode) being the hard supporting structure that forms by bus or conductive supporting pad, perforation plate and microporous membrane are formed to fit tightly, realize stable zero pole span, and perforation plate and division plate are equi-potential, have reduced contact resistance effectively, improve electrical efficiency, reduce power consumption, direct current consumption is 3.8～4.0Kw-hr/m
3H
2During operation, the hydrogen output pressure can reach 1MPa, and oxygen room is a normal pressure, can inject deionized water, realizes easily working continuously.The device of this structure is not only applicable to the large-scale water electrolysis of industrialization factory and uses, and also Miniaturizable manufactures the portable high-purity hydrogen generator.
Claims (5)
1. water electrolyzer that adopts microporous membrane as hydrogen-oxygen air chamber demarcation membrane, its microporous membrane (4) both sides are closely fitted with the perforation plate (5) as main electrode, it is characterized in that 1) as adding bus (7) or conductive supporting pad (6) between the division plate (1) of supporting electrode and the perforation plate (5), by conduction sliver (7) or conductive supporting pad (6) make division plate (1) and perforation plate (5) for hard support electrically connect structure; 2) the common conduit inwall on the division plate of electrolyzer (1) is inlaid with dead ring (2) or adopts insulating frame (8) to have common conduit.
2. according to the described water electrolyzer of claim 1, it is characterized in that it is the asbestos film of 80～100nm that used microporous membrane (4) adopts mean pore size, potassium titanate film or titanium dioxide film.
3. according to claim 1 or 2 described water electrolyzers, it is characterized in that microporous membrane (4) adopts the asbestos microporous membrane.
4. according to the described water electrolyzer of claim 1, it is characterized in that dead ring (2) or insulating frame (8) adopt polysulfones, polypropylene, tetrafluoroethylene, perfluoroethylene-propylene or pvc material to make.
5. according to the described water electrolyzer of claim 1, it is characterized in that the perforation plate (5) as main electrode is nickel, stainless steel or the iron nickel-plated sheet that has uniform small pores, its aperture is Φ 1～3mm, and hole area accounts for 20～80% of perforation plate (5) area.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN93111178A CN1045013C (en) | 1993-05-29 | 1993-05-29 | High-efficient microporous diaphragm water electrolyzing bath |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN93111178A CN1045013C (en) | 1993-05-29 | 1993-05-29 | High-efficient microporous diaphragm water electrolyzing bath |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1096062A CN1096062A (en) | 1994-12-07 |
| CN1045013C true CN1045013C (en) | 1999-09-08 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN93111178A Expired - Fee Related CN1045013C (en) | 1993-05-29 | 1993-05-29 | High-efficient microporous diaphragm water electrolyzing bath |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1045013C (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP6062597B2 (en) * | 2014-09-19 | 2017-01-18 | 株式会社東芝 | ELECTROLYTIC DEVICE, ELECTRODE UNIT, AND ELECTROLYTIC WATER GENERATION METHOD |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3394062A (en) * | 1964-06-30 | 1968-07-23 | Henes Mfg Company | Method for the electrolytic production of hydrogen and oxygen |
| US3410770A (en) * | 1966-02-18 | 1968-11-12 | Allis Chalmers Mfg Co | Electrolytic method for producing oxygen and hydrogen |
| CN2059920U (en) * | 1989-02-16 | 1990-08-01 | 鲁宝成 | Electrolyzer for high-purity hydrogen generator |
| CN2080944U (en) * | 1990-03-20 | 1991-07-17 | 李东 | Ultra-pure hydrogen generator |
-
1993
- 1993-05-29 CN CN93111178A patent/CN1045013C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3394062A (en) * | 1964-06-30 | 1968-07-23 | Henes Mfg Company | Method for the electrolytic production of hydrogen and oxygen |
| US3410770A (en) * | 1966-02-18 | 1968-11-12 | Allis Chalmers Mfg Co | Electrolytic method for producing oxygen and hydrogen |
| CN2059920U (en) * | 1989-02-16 | 1990-08-01 | 鲁宝成 | Electrolyzer for high-purity hydrogen generator |
| CN2080944U (en) * | 1990-03-20 | 1991-07-17 | 李东 | Ultra-pure hydrogen generator |
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|---|---|
| CN1096062A (en) | 1994-12-07 |
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