CN104488488A - Method for judging and selecting dim light tolerance - Google Patents
Method for judging and selecting dim light tolerance Download PDFInfo
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- CN104488488A CN104488488A CN201410674281.9A CN201410674281A CN104488488A CN 104488488 A CN104488488 A CN 104488488A CN 201410674281 A CN201410674281 A CN 201410674281A CN 104488488 A CN104488488 A CN 104488488A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for judging and selecting dim light tolerance. The method includes steps of A, sowing, regularly sowing crop seeds in the growth environment manually controlled; B, identifying microsporogenesic stage, to be specifically, starting dim light stress treatment when AD value of more than a half crop stems ranges from -2 cm to +2 cm after a flag leaf elongating stage; C, performing dim light stress treatment, to be specifically, reducing the light intensity to 0-10% of that in sunny days, keeping for 3-5 d; D, counting spike kernels of the stems, to be specifically, counting in a middle grouting state; E, judging dim light tolerance of the crops. The method for judging and selecting dim light tolerance has a great significance for the crops in facing with the adverse environment of haze, rainy and sparse sunlight weather, global dimming and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to crop genetics planting technology field, especially a kind of quick mirror selects the method for low light tolerance crop.
Background technology
Global climate change, illumination dies down or Rainy sparse sunlight makes crop production be on the hazard: intensity of illumination affects crop photosynthesis, grows and the important envirment factor of output.Along with Global climate change, industrial development, constantly increasing the weight of of the density of population, in air, aerosol and other contaminant particles constantly increase, and significantly reduce the sun Net long wave radiation arriving earth surface, darkness deepens for earth surface (Stanhill and Cohen, 2001; Ramanathan and Feng, 2009; Li et al, 2010; Mu et al, 2010).Account for Huang-Huai-Hai Mai Qu and the middle and lower reach of Yangtze River Mai Qu in the whole nation 70% at China's wheat area, because industry is flourishing, air pollution is serious, and total solar radiation on average every 10 years decrease speeds is-4.5W/m
2, direct radiation decrease speed is-6.6W/m
2.10a (1961-2000), year sunshine duration the linearly downward trend of anomaly value, the 5h that declines every year on average (Che et al., 2005; Qian et al., 2007).At northern Hebei, western part, Shandong and the northern fall off rate in Henan then more than 100h/10a (Ren Guoyu etc., 2005).In addition, at crop reproductive stage, the Low Light Density Stress that the bad climate conditions such as weather Rainy sparse sunlight cause causes serious threat to crop yield and China's grain security.Especially the North China Plain, large area haze occurs in recent years, and visibility reduces, and to the photosynthesis of crop, causes certain influence, production declining.Therefore, screening low light tolerance or resistance to shady crop play an important role for Stabilizing Grain Output and high yield.
In the growth and development process of crop, prepollen developmental stage of blooming is the critical period determining grain number per spike. any abiotic stress all seriously reduces grain number per spike (Rudy et al., 2011).Especially microspore development phase (Young Miscropores, the YM) adverse circumstance of pollen development is the period (Thakur et al., 2010) the most responsive on grain number per spike impact.External also have part researcher to think the microspore development phase that crop pollen is grown or pollen to shelter from heat or light grain number per spike also sharply reduction (Fischer & Stockman, 1980 of every fringe meiosis stage; Fischer, 1985; Savin & Slafer, 1991; Slafer et al., 1994).
Crop reproductive stage be crop especially economic crops obtain the important stage of economic flow rate, crop low light tolerance mirror choosing method has many kinds, but yet there are no and utilize stem grain number per spike to reduce degree to differentiate the report of crop reproductive stage weak light resistance.
The leading reference of applicant's research topic outlines as follows:
1.Stanhill G.,Cohen S.,Global dimming:a review of the evidence for a widespreadand significant reduction in global radiation with discussion of its probable causesand possible agricultural consequences.Agricultural and Forest Meteorollogy.2001,107:255–278。
2.Ramanathan V.,Feng Y.Air pollution,greenhouse gases and climate change:global and regional perspectives.Atmospheric Environment.2009,43:37–50。
3.Li H.,Jiang D.,Wollenweber B.,Dai T.,Cao W.Effects of shading onmorphology,physiology and grain yield of winter wheat.European Journal of Agronomy.2010,33:267-275。
4.Mu H.,Jiang D.,Wollenweber B.,Dai T.,Jing Q.,Cao W.Long-term low radiationdecreases leaf photosynthesis,photochemical efficiency and grain yield in winterwheat.J.Agron,Crop Science.2010,196:38–47。
5.Che H.Z.,Shi G.Y.,Zhang X.Y.,Arimoto R.,Zhao J.Q.,Xu L.,Wang B.,ChenZ.H.,.Analysis of 40 years of solar radiation data from China,1961–2000.GeophysicalResearch Letters.2005,32:L06803,doi.10.1029/2004GL022322。
6.Qian Y.,Wang W.,Leung L.R.,Kaiser D.P.Variability of solar radiation undercloud-free skies in China:the role of aerosols,Geophysical Research Letters.2007,34:L12804,doi:10.1029/2006GL02880。
7. state's jade, Guo Jun, Xu Mingzhi etc. nearly 50 years Chinese terrestrial climate change essential characteristics. meteorological journal .2005,63 (6): 942-956.
11.Dolferus R.,Ji X.M.,Richards R.A.Abiotic stress and control of grain numberin cereals，Plant Science.2011,181:331-341。
12.Thakur P.,Kumar S.,Malik J A.,Berger J.D.,Nayyar H.Cold stress effectson reproductive development in grain crops:An owerview.Environmental andExperimental Botany.2010,67:429-443。
13.Fischer R.A,Stockman Y.M.Kernel number per spike in wheat(Triticumaestivum L.):responses to preanthesis shading.Australian Journal of PlantPhysiology.1980,7:169-180。
14.Fischer R.A.Number of kernels in wheat crops and the influence of solarradiation and temperature,Journal of Agricultural Science Cambridge.1985,105:447-461。
15.Savin R.,Slafer G.A.,Shading effects on the yield of an Argentinian wheatcultivar.Journal of Agricultural Science.1991,116：1-7。
16.Slafer G.A.,Calderinin D.F.,Miralles D.J.,Dreccer M.F.,Pre-anthesisshading effects on the number of grains of three bread wheat cultivars of differentpotential number of grains.Field Crops Research.1994,36:31-39。
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of method that mirror selects low light tolerance crop, Low Light Density Stress 3-5d is carried out in the microspore development phase of crop, then normal illumination is recovered, grouting early stage or mid-term reduce degree according to stem grain number per spike and screen the power of crop reproductive stage low light tolerance, tackle the adverse environments such as Chinese haze, Rainy sparse sunlight, the whole world is dimmed significant for crop.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows.
Mirror selects a method for low light tolerance crop, comprises the steps:
A, sowing: under manually operated growing environment, carry out crop conventional seed planting;
B, the identification of microspore development phase: after crop chooses flag, measure the AD value length of crop all stems, listing mark registration mark date; Wherein said AD value is chosen boot leaf after flag for crop and is fallen the distance of two leaves; When the AD value of crop stem over half is in-3cm and+4cm scope, start to carry out Low Light Density Stress process;
C, Low Light Density Stress process: carry out Low Light Density Stress to the crop of portion markings, all the other in contrast; Intensity of illumination is reduced to the 0-10% of normal fine day intensity of illumination, carries out normal watering, fertilizing management simultaneously, ensures except illumination difference, is consistent when all the other management are cultivated with non-Low Light Density Stress; Low Light Density Stress continues 3-5d, then removes Low Light Density Stress, recovers normal illumination, and all the other management are consistent with during non-Low Light Density Stress;
D, stem grain number per spike count: be in the milk mid-term, when seed is high-visible, cut the stem marked, and calculate the stem grain number per spike of Low Light Density Stress process plant and adjoining tree respectively;
E, crop weak light resistance differentiate: differentiate according to following formula, K value is larger, and weak light resistance is stronger:
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in steps A, described crop comprises wheat, corn, paddy rice, millet or hybrid millet.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the crop sowed carries out vernalization as required in advance.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step B, when the AD value of crop stem over half is in-2cm and+2cm scope, start to carry out Low Light Density Stress process.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step C, carry out Low Light Density Stress to the crop of 2/3 mark, all the other 1/3 in contrast.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step C, for sheltering from heat or light intensity of illumination is reduced to 0 by people during Low Light Density Stress process, Low Light Density Stress continues 3d.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step C, be shelter from heat or light intensity of illumination to be reduced to 10% of normal fine day intensity of illumination by people during Low Light Density Stress process, Low Light Density Stress continues 5d.
The beneficial effect adopting technique scheme to produce is: according to retrieval and the research of applicant seminar, not yet has system to further investigate the report of low light tolerance crop mirror choosing method at present.Some researchers for after sheltering from heat or light, judge shade tolerance or the weak light resistance of crop by the different bearing stage people in crop plantation complete breeding time according to last economic flow rate, time and effort consuming and poor effect.The present invention mainly carries out low light level process at the key developmental stages of crop, utilize crop stem grain number per spike to reflect and be elected to be thing weak light resistance, substantially reduce mirror and select the cycle, accelerating selection progress, the mirror choosing in 2-3 generation can be carried out rapidly and accurately in growth case in 1 year, than in field, 1 year 1 time screening and identification speed will improve more than 2 times, this selects high weak light resistance elite crop variety for mirror, tackles the situations such as Chinese haze, Rainy sparse sunlight, the whole world is dimmed significant.
As fully visible, the innovative point that the present invention is the most outstanding at least comprises:
1. determine " microspore development phase " critical period as Low Light Density Stress process, on the one hand can produce the response of obvious plant physiology in this period to crop process of sheltering from heat or light, thus become the physiology key period with plant production performance tight association, what is more important on the other hand, " microspore development phase " continues 3-5d, average 4d, therefore only need carry out shading treatment at this 3-5d to crop, have operational convenience and accuracy.In addition, the present invention also further determined that the definite index according to crop AD value identification " microspore development phase ", thus makes field experiment operation have extremely strong convenience and operability, not only accurate but also facilitate.
2. crop is many-sided for the response of Low Light Density Stress, and from the different indexs reaching tens kinds, select one or several index being elected to be thing low light tolerance performance as mirror is a difficult problem.The present invention determines the index being elected to be thing low light tolerance performance using " be in the milk mid-term, stem grain number per spike " as mirror.Applicant is not by means of only campaign and combining with theoretical analysis demonstrates this index has best mirror and select effect, simultaneously this index can also obviously shorten mirror and selects the cycle, the mirror choosing in 2-3 generation can be carried out in 1 year rapidly and accurately in growth case, there is outstanding practical significance!
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the photo of Low Light Density Stress process of the present invention test.
Fig. 2 shows the impact of Low Light Density Stress condition on Wheat Cultivars stem dry weight.
Fig. 3 shows the impact of Low Light Density Stress condition on Wheat Cultivars stem Seed weight.
Fig. 4 shows the impact heavy on the non-seed stem of Wheat Cultivars of Low Light Density Stress condition.
Fig. 5 shows the impact of Low Light Density Stress process on wheat stem grain number per spike.
Fig. 6 shows the change of thousand kernel weight after Wheat Cultivars Low Light Density Stress.
Fig. 7 shows the dependency relation of grain number per spike and output after Wheat Cultivars Low Light Density Stress.
Embodiment
The main producing region of winter wheat and millet or hybrid millet is all in the north.Along with Global climate change, industrial development, constantly increasing the weight of of the density of population, in air, aerosol and other contaminant particles constantly increase, significantly reduce the sun Net long wave radiation arriving earth surface, darkness deepens for earth surface, while sunshine duration reduces gradually, intensity of illumination is also more and more weak.Especially the haze of northern scope in recent years, causes extremely serious impact to the output of crops, and nowadays, the time that haze occurs also has extended to early spring gradually from winter.Therefore, screening and mirror select low light tolerance kind, and the kind that plantation weak light resistance is stronger is a kind of effective way of our cope with bad weather.After the present invention utilizes the early stage Low Light Density Stress of crop reproductive growth, grain number per spike change mirror selects low light tolerance wheat breed, decreases the numerous and diverse of land for growing field crops large area screening, greatly can shorten screening time.Improve screening effeciency, to the degeneration-resistant great significance of agricultural.
Following examples describe the present invention in detail.Various raw material used in the present invention and items of equipment are conventional commercial product, all can be bought by market and directly obtain.
Embodiment 1
Be that No. 8, Shijiazhuang, stone 4185, Luohan No.2, stone are new 828 for examination winter wheat variety, Ji wheat 32, peaceful wheat 16, stone be new 733, Xifeng 20, river agriculture 825.In sowing on October 14th, 2011, thickness of sowing is 200,000/mu; According to urea 450kg/hm
2, diammonium hydrogen phosphate 225kg/hm
2basal dressing; After planting carry out AD value mark choosing the flag phase, AD value carries out low light level process at-2-2cm; The low light level is 10% of normal illumination, and Low Light Density Stress is after 5 days, and the low light level terminates, and recovers normal illumination.Fig. 1 is the present embodiment Low Light Density Stress process correlation test photo.
Analyze the impact of 1. microspore development phases Low Light Density Stress process on Wheat Cultivars output and biomass.
During crop maturity, the stem of AD value between-2cm and 2cm carrying out in early days marking at reproductive growth is gathered in the crops from basal part of stem together with fringe, and weigh the dry weight of stem, Seed weight, non-seed stem heavily etc., analyze the data obtained, Fig. 2,3,4 is shown in the impact of microspore development phase Low Light Density Stress process on winter wheat biomass.
As can be seen from Fig. 2,3,4, early stage at Reproduction stage, Low Light Density Stress 3-5 days, just significantly can reduce stem dry weight and stem Seed weight, but different cultivars reduces degree different.In stem double recipe face, except teacher goldenrain tree 02-1, the single stem dry weight of all the other kinds substantially all about 2.0-2.5g.Coerce the impact (see below analysis 2) on wheat stem grain number per spike aspect in conjunction with the microspore development phase, Low Light Density Stress to the reduction of stem mainly from the reduction of Ear weight.Because after coercing 3-5 days, along with crop growth, the stem dry weight except fringe is heavy does not reduce substantially, and having on the contrary increases by a small margin.Therefore, the reduction of the gross dry weight of stem is mainly from the reduction that fringe is heavy.That is, the growth of microspore development phase Low Light Density Stress major effect seed.Illustrate in Low Light Density Stress, the growth of seed is influenced larger.
Analyze 2. Low Light Density Stress process to the impact of wheat stem grain number per spike.
Add up the grain number per spike of wheat stem after crop maturity, the results are shown in Figure 5.As can be seen from Figure 5, the only Low Light Density Stress of 3-5 days, even if recovered normal illumination, each kind of wheat stem grain number per spike has all significantly reduced.Normal control stem grain number per spike generally at about 40, and after Low Light Density Stress stem grain number per spike less than 20.Although there were significant differences between kind, on the whole, all significantly have dropped, just some kind reduction amplitude is less, and it is larger that some kind reduces amplitude.This may have direct relation with the power of kind low light tolerance.Illustrate that stem grain number per spike is more responsive to Low Light Density Stress, can as the index of mirror choosing.
The mutation analysis that after analyzing 3. Low Light Density Stress, wheat stem grain weighs
Add up the grain weight of wheat stem after crop maturity, the results are shown in Figure 6.The size of seed after the wheat low light level, Low Light Density Stress does not heavily significantly reduce impact to the size of seed, grain.Part wheat breed grain is heavy not only not to be reduced, and also has the trend increased.So the reduction of grain yield is not because the heavy reduction of grain after Low Light Density Stress, and mainly because the remarkable reduction of grain number per spike causes.
Analyze the correlation analysis of grain number per spike and output after 4. Low Light Density Stress.
Analysis result is shown in Fig. 7, and as can be seen from the figure, the change of grain number per spike and output are in line dependency relation.Namely after Low Light Density Stress the reduction degree of grain number per spike and the reduction degree of output linear.Grain number per spike reduces few, and output reduces just few, and it is high that grain number per spike reduces degree, and output reduces just many, and output is just low.Therefore, grain number per spike change directly can reflect the change of output, can as the important indicator of low light tolerance screening varieties.
Analyzing 5. utilizes stem grain number per spike mirror to be elected to be the method for thing reproductive stage low light tolerance
Research and analyse visible according to above-mentioned, after can utilizing the early stage Low Light Density Stress of crop reproductive growth, grain number per spike change mirror selects low light tolerance wheat breed, which reduces the numerous and diverse of land for growing field crops large area screening, substantially reduces the time of screening, improve screening effeciency.For the ease of quantizing screening, can according to formula:
calculate the K value of each crop, K value is larger, and weak light resistance is stronger.When systematic selection operation, repeatedly can screen according to K value size, until obtain the elite crop variety with high weak light resistance.
Foregoing description only proposes, not as the single restrictive condition to its technical scheme itself as the enforceable technical scheme of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. mirror selects a method for low light tolerance crop, it is characterized in that: the method comprises the steps:
A, sowing: under manually operated growing environment, carry out crop conventional seed planting;
B, the identification of microspore development phase: after crop chooses flag, measure the AD value length of crop all stems, listing mark registration mark date; Wherein said AD value is chosen boot leaf after flag for crop and is fallen the distance of two leaves; When the AD value of crop stem over half is in-3cm and+4cm scope, start to carry out Low Light Density Stress process;
C, Low Light Density Stress process: carry out Low Light Density Stress to the crop of portion markings, all the other in contrast; Intensity of illumination is reduced to the 0-10% of normal fine day intensity of illumination, carries out normal watering, fertilizing management simultaneously, ensures except illumination difference, is consistent when all the other management are cultivated with non-Low Light Density Stress; Low Light Density Stress continues 3-5d, then removes Low Light Density Stress, recovers normal illumination, and all the other management are consistent with during non-Low Light Density Stress;
D, stem grain number per spike count: be in the milk mid-term, when seed is high-visible, cut the stem marked, and calculate the stem grain number per spike of Low Light Density Stress process plant and adjoining tree respectively;
E, crop weak light resistance differentiate: differentiate according to following formula, K value is larger, and weak light resistance is stronger:
2. mirror according to claim 1 selects the method for low light tolerance crop, it is characterized in that: in steps A, and described crop comprises wheat, corn, paddy rice, millet or hybrid millet.
3. mirror according to claim 1 selects the method for low light tolerance crop, it is characterized in that: the crop sowed carries out vernalization as required in advance.
4. mirror according to claim 1 selects the method for low light tolerance crop, it is characterized in that: in step B, when the AD value of crop stem over half is in-2cm and+2cm scope, starts to carry out Low Light Density Stress process.
5. mirror according to claim 1 selects the method for low light tolerance crop, it is characterized in that: in step C, and carry out Low Light Density Stress to the crop of 2/3 mark, all the other 1/3 in contrast.
6. mirror according to claim 1 selects the method for low light tolerance crop, it is characterized in that: in step C, and for sheltering from heat or light intensity of illumination is reduced to 0 by people during Low Light Density Stress process, Low Light Density Stress continues 3d.
7. mirror according to claim 1 selects the method for low light tolerance crop, it is characterized in that: in step C, and be shelter from heat or light intensity of illumination to be reduced to 10% of normal fine day intensity of illumination by people during Low Light Density Stress process, Low Light Density Stress continues 5d.
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| CN109699425A (en) * | 2019-03-18 | 2019-05-03 | 漯河市农业科学院 | A kind of method of breeding green high-efficient peanut varieties |
| CN109997635A (en) * | 2019-04-08 | 2019-07-12 | 四川农业大学 | Slow machine transplanting of rice Indica Hybrid Rice three mends high quality and stable yield cultural method |
| CN110317772A (en) * | 2019-07-24 | 2019-10-11 | 上海市农业科学院 | A kind of method of drawing material of barley microspore |
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| CN109699425B (en) * | 2019-03-18 | 2021-01-08 | 漯河市农业科学院 | Method for breeding green and efficient peanut varieties |
| CN109997635A (en) * | 2019-04-08 | 2019-07-12 | 四川农业大学 | Slow machine transplanting of rice Indica Hybrid Rice three mends high quality and stable yield cultural method |
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| CN110317772A (en) * | 2019-07-24 | 2019-10-11 | 上海市农业科学院 | A kind of method of drawing material of barley microspore |
| CN113973624A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-01-28 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Illumination system for screening weak light-resistant sugarcane varieties |
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