CN104483450A - System for determining steam-gas ratio of inlets of all shift converters at conversion section of tandem type synthesis ammonia plant - Google Patents
System for determining steam-gas ratio of inlets of all shift converters at conversion section of tandem type synthesis ammonia plant Download PDFInfo
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- CN104483450A CN104483450A CN201410779282.XA CN201410779282A CN104483450A CN 104483450 A CN104483450 A CN 104483450A CN 201410779282 A CN201410779282 A CN 201410779282A CN 104483450 A CN104483450 A CN 104483450A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a system for determining the steam-gas ratio of inlets of all shift converters at the conversion section of a tandem type synthesis ammonia plant. The system comprises an intelligent secondary meter cluster unit with a communication function and a gas composition analytical unit, wherein a temperature adjusting device is arranged between two adjacent shift converter sections; a temperature adjusting method comprises the steps of adding steam, spraying water for chilling and heat exchange; the determination system comprises a sensor group unit arranged on a series-connected line of a plurality of shift converter sections and pipelines, the sensor group unit comprises a sensor combination arranged in a main pipeline in front of a shift converter section to be detected for determining the temperature and the pressure of gas in the main reaction pipeline before steam adding or cold water chilling, a sensor combination for determining the temperature and the pressure of the gas in the main reaction pipeline after steam adding or cold water chilling, and a sensor combination for measuring the temperature and the pressure of chilled water or steam in a pipeline where the steam or chilled water is added. The system can statically, automatically and continuously measure the steam-gas ratios of all shift converter sections.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of measuring technology of synthesis ammonia plant, particularly a kind of tandem synthesis ammonia plant conversion section each change furnace entrance vapor-air ratio Analytical system.
Background technology
Synthesis ammonia plant carbon monoxide (CO) conversion section operation is a step crucial in Ammonia Production, and its main task is that the CO in conversion gas is converted to CO
2and H
2.Owing to being strong exothermic process in CO change procedure, segmentation must carrying out being beneficial to reclaim reaction heat, and control the remaining CO content of conversion section change furnace section middle outlet.In addition, for convenience of the temperature of each change furnace section of control CO conversion section, simultaneously for convenience of adding reactant feed in each change furnace section.At present, conversion of carbon monoxide in synthetic ammonia plant workshop section often adopts multi-segment structure, is generally three sections or four segment structures.Water vapour is that CO changes the main reactant of workshop section and thermal medium, usually adds water vapour at the entrance of first paragraph change furnace section.Water spray cold shock is the intersegmental conventional temperature adjustment of change furnace and the means increasing water vapour, Quench of normally spraying water between first paragraph and second segment change furnace section.Second segment and the 3rd section or do not add water vapour between the 3rd section and the 4th section of change furnace section or do not spray water.In the water vapour related in CO conversion section operation and gas to be measured, the ratio (hereinafter referred to as vapor-air ratio) of all the other dry gas is one of important technological parameters affecting energy consumption and operational stability.
The assay method of traditional vapor-air ratio has condensation method, discharge method.Wherein, condensation method can only MEASUREMENT OF STEAM air ratio discontinuously.The needs that when discharge method can not meet vapor-air ratio wide variation and not add water vapour, vapor-air ratio is measured.Except above-mentioned traditional vapor-air ratio assay method, also disclose multiple vapor-air ratio in prior art and measure control instrument or assay method.Such as, prior art discloses Steam ratio determination controller technology in a kind of carbon monoxide transformation process, this technology can only measure the vapor-air ratio under special process, special process refers to the shift process having saturator in CO conversion section operation, because the recovery of saturator to heat is limited, and equipment investment in early stage is large, therefore, under the form of current rapid industrial development, replaced by new technology.Prior art also discloses a kind of steam and dry gas ratio measurer used of adding in steam course, this analyzer only can be used in the measurement of measuring vapor-air ratio in first paragraph change furnace section inlet water steam adding procedure, and can not measure for the vapor-air ratio of other change furnace section entrance outside first paragraph change furnace section, namely can not measure for the vapor-air ratio related in chilling process of spraying water between change furnace section between first paragraph and second segment.Prior art also relates to a kind of humidity method measuring water vapour and dry gas ratio, the method can measure steam under multiple condition and dry gas ratio, but because gas to be measured can only be drawn measure for high temperature, high-pressure situations by sensor performance restriction, add and measure cost and cannot measure the gas higher than 250 DEG C under existence conditions.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned technical matters, the invention provides a kind of can static and on-line determination and tandem synthesis ammonia plant conversion section each change furnace entrance vapor-air ratio Analytical system of Automatic continuous measurement can be realized.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of tandem synthesis ammonia plant conversion section each change furnace entrance vapor-air ratio Analytical system, it comprises intelligent secondary instrument group unit and the gas composition analysis unit of band communication function, temperature control equipment is provided with between two adjacent change furnace sections, temperature control method is divided into interpolation steam, water spray cold shock and heat interchange, it is characterized in that: described Analytical system comprise be installed on some series connection each change furnace section and pipeline on sensor group cells, described sensor group cells comprise be arranged on described change furnace section to be measured before in main pipeline for measure add water vapour or cold shocking water before react the sensor combinations of gas temperature and pressure in main pipeline, for measure add water vapour or cold shocking water after react gas temperature and pressure in main pipeline sensor combinations and being arranged on add in water vapour or cold shocking water pipeline for measuring the sensor combinations of cold shocking water or steam temperature and pressure for measuring.
Described Analytical system also comprises the hot(test)-spot temperature detecting sensor group of the reaction hot(test)-spot temperature be made up of general purpose transducer be arranged in the last change furnace section of described change furnace section in described change furnace section to be measured or to be measured.
Described gas composition analysis unit comprises the semiwater gas analytical instrument be arranged on synthesis ammonia plant transformation system entrance semiwater gas main pipeline, and is arranged on the CO concentration determination instrument of described change furnace section change furnace the last period section outlet to be measured.
The described output terminal that intelligent secondary instrument group unit comprises the signal conditioning circuit for receiving the temperature and pressure signal that described sensor group cells collects, described signal conditioning circuit comprises A/D modular converter and CPU, CPU is communicated with D/A modular converter, loop current output module, communication module, display module and keyboard respectively.Except be installed on transformation system entrance other described in change furnace section vapor-air ratio determinator can and must and the last period described in the vapor-air ratio analyzer communication of change furnace section to obtain change furnace section entrance vapor-air ratio described in the last period thus to draw the described change furnace section vapor-air ratio of to be measured section.
When the semiwater gas analytical instrument in described gas composition analysis unit or CO concentration determination instrument disappearance, adopt manual analysis and manually inputed in described intelligent secondary instrument group unit to correct measurement result by described keyboard.
Owing to taking above technical scheme, its technique effect reached is: because the present invention can be used for first paragraph change furnace section, or be used in first paragraph change furnace section and second segment change furnace section simultaneously, or simultaneously for first paragraph change furnace section, second segment change furnace section and the 3rd section of change furnace section, and by that analogy, whole change furnace sections of transformation system can be installed on, therefore, no matter be add steam or water spray or do not add any reaction mass all can obtain porch vapor-air ratio by the present invention at synthesis ammonia plant each change furnace section entrance.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described:
Fig. 1 is the one-piece construction schematic diagram of sensor group cells of the present invention and gas composition analysis unit;
Fig. 2 is the one-piece construction schematic diagram of intelligent secondary instrument group unit of the present invention.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, a kind of tandem synthesis ammonia plant conversion section provided by the invention each change furnace section entrance vapor-air ratio Analytical system comprises gas composition analysis unit, sensor group cells and intelligent secondary instrument group unit.Wherein, gas composition analysis unit comprises the semiwater gas analytical instrument 20 being arranged on first paragraph change furnace section 1 entrance leading portion, and is arranged on the CO concentration determination instrument 21 of first paragraph change furnace section 1 outlet.Sensor group cells comprise be arranged on first paragraph change furnace section 1 entrance leading portion main pipeline for measure water spray or add the gas temperature before steam and pressure temperature and pressure transmitter combination 3-0, to be arranged on the pipeline to main pipeline conveying water vapour and for the temperature and pressure transmitter combination 3-1 of the temperature and pressure of measuring water vapour to be added, be arranged on the main pipeline of pipeline rear and combine 3-2 for the temperature and pressure transmitter of the temperature and pressure measuring dry gas and the mixed mixed gas of water vapour, be arranged on the temperature sensor 3-3 on the main pipeline of first paragraph change furnace section 1 entrance, be arranged on the hot(test)-spot temperature detecting sensor group 3-4 on first paragraph change furnace section 1 outer wall, the quantity of the sensor in hot(test)-spot temperature detecting sensor group 3-4 is at least 3.
The mixed gas processed through first paragraph change furnace section 1 is delivered in second segment change furnace section 5 through cold shock evaporator 4, mixed gas usual water spray Quench or add steam treatment before entering cold shock evaporator 4.The sensor group cells related in a kind of tandem synthesis ammonia plant conversion section provided by the invention each change furnace entrance vapor-air ratio Analytical system also comprise to be arranged between first paragraph change furnace section 1 and cold shock evaporator 4 on main line for measure enter cold shock evaporator 4 before combine 3-5 without the temperature and pressure transmitter of spray water cold haze or the gas temperature and pressure that add steam treatment, be arranged on to be communicated with on cold shock evaporator 4 pipeline and combine 3-6 for the temperature and pressure transmitter measuring the temperature and pressure preparing cold shocking water or the water vapour added.Mixed gas after cold shock evaporator 4 processes to second segment change furnace section 5, the pipeline between cold shock evaporator 4 and second segment change furnace section 5 is arranged the temperature and pressure transmitter combination 3-7 for measuring mixed gas temperature and pressure by Pipeline transport.The furnace wall of second segment change furnace section 5 is arranged equally hot(test)-spot temperature detecting sensor group 3-4, the quantity of the middle sensor of hot(test)-spot temperature detecting sensor group 3-4 is at least 3.
As shown in Figure 2, intelligence secondary instrument group unit is the computer system of connecting sensor group unit, it signal conditioning circuit 6-0, signal conditioning circuit 6-0 comprising temperature, pressure signal and other signals collected for receiving sensor group unit comprises A/D modular converter 6-1 and CPU6-2, and the output terminal of CPU6-2 is communicated with D/A modular converter 6-3, loop current output module 6-4, communication module 6-5, display module 6-6 and keyboard 6-7 respectively.
When lacking one or all instrument in gas composition analysis unit, adopting manual analysis and manually being inputed in intelligent secondary instrument group unit by keyboard 6-7.Communication module 6-5, for obtaining the vapor-air ratio of change furnace section to be measured previous change furnace section entrance, provides basic data for obtaining change furnace section entrance vapor-air ratio to be measured.
The temperature obtained by above-mentioned each temperature and pressure transmitter combination, pressure data and the gas-composition data obtained by gas composition analysis unit, carry out following process to obtain final vapor-air ratio in intelligent secondary instrument group unit:
In water vapour and gas to be measured, the ratio calculation formula of all the other dry gas is:
In formula, v is volume of gas;
for water vapour volume components; P is gaseous tension;
for steam partial pressure.
If it is R that first paragraph change furnace section 1 enters stove vapor-air ratio
0, there is following reaction in first paragraph change furnace section 1:
Above-mentioned reaction is equimolar themopositive reaction, its reaction equilibrium constant K
pfunction for temperature:
In formula, T=hot(test)-spot temperature+balanced loss functions, hot(test)-spot temperature is obtained by the sensor measurement in the hot(test)-spot temperature detecting sensor group 3-4 be arranged on first paragraph change furnace section 1 furnace wall, and the maximum temperature of getting sensor measurement is hot(test)-spot temperature; The known method of the art personnel that are chosen for of balanced loss functions, does not repeat them here.
And:
In formula,
for the dividing potential drop of carbon dioxide in dry gas; p
cofor the dividing potential drop of carbon monoxide in dry gas;
for the dividing potential drop of hydrogen in dry gas; X
pfor carbon monoxide balanced transformation rate, can ignore when oxygen content is very low.
If A, B, C, D are respectively the initial concentration of carbon monoxide, water, carbon dioxide and hydrogen, being recorded by gas composition analysis unit, also manually inputing to intelligent secondary instrument group unit by keyboard 6-7 when changing little.
To X
psolve an equation (3) and (4) and establish:
U＝Kp(A+B)(C+D) (5)
W＝Kp-1 (6)
V＝KpAB-CD (7)
To determine primarily of For Gas-making Process owing to entering furnace gases composition and basic to keep constant.So X
pdetermine primarily of temperature.
For judging hot(test)-spot temperature, insert in a change furnace section and be no less than three hot(test)-spot temperature detecting sensors, one of them is at change furnace section entrance, being evenly distributed in conversion catalyst layer of other.When the catalyst layer temperature that hot(test)-spot temperature detecting sensor detects is not higher than change furnace section temperature in, think the entrance of first paragraph change furnace section 1; Otherwise, be the entrance of subsequent conversion stove section.
If it is R that first paragraph change furnace section 1 exports vapor-air ratio
1:
Between the outlet and the import of second segment change furnace section 5 of first paragraph change furnace section 1, for regulating temperature and supplementary first paragraph change furnace section 1 to react used up steam, generally adopting cold shock water spray or adding steam, setting according to thermodynamics theorem:
In every 1 mole above-mentioned worked off one's feeling vent one's spleen, be mixed into X mole of water or steam, had:
In formula, P
miit is the dividing potential drop of i-th section of mixed each component gas of change furnace section; P
1iit is the dividing potential drop of i-th section of change furnace section water spray or each component before adding steam; T
1for water spray or the temperature adding the gas before steam;
for water spray or the specific heat capacity adding the mixed gas before steam, wherein Y
ithe mole fraction of water spray or each component before adding steam; I=CO, CO2, H20, H2, C4H4, Ar, N2; (micro content component is not considered Influence on test result is very micro-).
Δ H
w=φ (P
w, T
w) be the water of interpolation or the enthalpy of steam, wherein, P
wfor preparing the absolute pressure of water or the steam added, T
wfor preparing the temperature of water or the steam added; Δ H
m=φ (P
m, T
m) be the part water or steam enthalpy upon mixing that add, wherein, P
mfor adding the absolute pressure after part water or steam, T
mfor mixed gas temperature.
Will
Δ H
w=φ (P
w, T
w), Δ H
m=φ (P
m, T
m) substitute into equation 11, adopt process of iteration to solve X, add that the contribution of original steam has:
R＝(1+R
1)·X+R
1(12)
In formula, R is second segment change furnace section 5 entrance vapor-air ratio.
Embodiment: be determined as example to describe the present invention in detail below with the first change furnace section 1 entrance, the second change furnace section 5 entrance and latter end change furnace section entrance vapor-air ratio in certain conversion of carbon monoxide in synthetic ammonia plant workshop section operation.
Embodiment 1:
First paragraph change furnace section 1 entrance vapor-air ratio measures: because first paragraph change furnace section 1 does not have leading portion just not have the transformationreation of formula (2) yet, at this moment obtained the temperature T0 of first paragraph change furnace section 1 entrance by temperature sensor 3-3 measurement, hot(test)-spot temperature acquisition sensor group 3-4 is connected to entrance cooled coal gas pipeline some place.The present invention becomes and a kind ofly disclosed in prior art adds steam and dry gas ratio measurer used assay method in steam course, and can record vapor-air ratio is R
0, and by apparatus of the present invention communication of fieldbus and second segment change furnace section 5 entrance.
Embodiment 2:
The vapor-air ratio of second segment change furnace section 5 entrance measures: obtain the component Yi into furnace gases by porch semiwater gas analytical instrument 20; The vapor-air ratio that embodiment 1 obtains first paragraph change furnace section entrance is R
0; Following reaction is there occurs in first paragraph change furnace section 1:
At this moment by inserting the hot(test)-spot temperature acquisition sensor group 3-4 of catalyst layer; Being hot(test)-spot temperature T by comparing the temperature choosing thermal self-restraint stress, substituting into formula (3) with " T+ balanced loss functions " and calculating K
p, add formula (4) ~ (10) and draw the vapor-air ratio that first paragraph change furnace section 1 exports.Usually water spray cold shock is passed through to regulate temperature and to increase water vapour between first paragraph change furnace section 1 and second segment change furnace section 5, the present invention measures temperature Tw and the pressure P w of cold shocking water or water vapour by temperature and pressure transmitter combination 3-6, measured by temperature and pressure transmitter combination 3-5 and swash without water spray the gas temperature T1 and the pressure P 1 that process or add steam treatment, temperature Tm and the P2 of the combination gas after water spray is measured by temperature and pressure transmitter combination 3-7, when usual P1 and P2 is similar to, desirable P1=P2.The vapor-air ratio of second segment change furnace section 5 entrance is calculated by formula (11) and formula (12).
The each component measured into furnace gases by the semiwater gas analytical instrument 20 being arranged on first paragraph change furnace section 1 entrance leading portion is: CO, 30.28%; CO
2, 8.35%; H
2, 38.47%; N
2, 21.3%; CH
4+ Ar, 1.2%; O
2, 0.4%; Analytical system provided by the invention and existing method is adopted to measure the vapor-air ratio R of first paragraph change furnace section 1
0=0.5, measuring the temperature of each point by hot(test)-spot temperature acquisition sensor group 3-4 and to get temperature soprano be hot(test)-spot temperature T=420 DEG C by comparing, being transformed into moisture: A=20.19%; B=33.33%; C=5.57%; D=25.66%; N
2=14.20%; CH
4+ Ar=0.8%; O
2=0.27%.T+ balanced loss functions=420+30=450 DEG C.Obtained by formula (4) ~ (10): K
p=7.455; U=430.22; W=6.455; V=4873.79; Q=243.41; X
p=71.67%; R
1=0.1648.
Because evaporation of water latent heat is larger, a small amount of water can reach the object of cooling, and the intersegmental gas cooling of current most of synthesis ammonia plant change furnace section all adopts the mode of cold shock water spray.The vapor-air ratio of second segment change furnace section 5 entrance of the present invention is described below in detail: obtain T1=390 DEG C by sensor measurement, P1=2.5MPa in the mode of cold shock water spray; Tw=30 DEG C, Pw=2.8MPa; Tm=250 DEG C.X=0.110 is obtained by formula (11) and (12); Finally obtain second segment to enter stove vapor-air ratio and be: R=0.2929.And data are passed to the 3rd change furnace section (not shown) by fieldbus.
Embodiment 3:
Obtain second segment change furnace section 5 entrance steam-to-gas ratio from embodiment 2, do not spray water and interpolation steam between the 3rd change furnace section entrance, so obtain X=0 by formula (11) and (12) owing to exporting in second segment change furnace section 5; Only R need be obtained by above-mentioned algorithm
1, i.e. R=R
1be the 3rd section enter stove vapor-air ratio.
Above-mentioned embodiment is intended to illustrate that the present invention can be professional and technical personnel in the field and realizes or use; modifying to above-mentioned embodiment will be apparent for those skilled in the art; therefore the present invention includes but be not limited to above-mentioned embodiment; any these claims or instructions of meeting describes; meet and principle disclosed herein and novelty, the method for inventive features, technique, product, all fall within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. tandem synthesis ammonia plant conversion section each change furnace entrance vapor-air ratio Analytical system, it comprises intelligent secondary instrument group unit and the gas composition analysis unit of band communication function, temperature control equipment is provided with between two adjacent change furnace sections, temperature control method is divided into interpolation steam, water spray cold shock and heat interchange, it is characterized in that: described Analytical system comprise be installed on some series connection each change furnace section and pipeline on sensor group cells, described sensor group cells comprise be arranged on described change furnace section to be measured before in main pipeline for measure add water vapour or cold shocking water before react the sensor combinations of gas temperature and pressure in main pipeline, for measure add water vapour or cold shocking water after react gas temperature and pressure in main pipeline sensor combinations and being arranged on add in water vapour or cold shocking water pipeline for measuring the sensor combinations of cold shocking water or steam temperature and pressure for measuring.
2. tandem synthesis ammonia plant conversion section each change furnace entrance vapor-air ratio Analytical system as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described Analytical system also comprises the hot(test)-spot temperature detecting sensor group of the reaction hot(test)-spot temperature be made up of general purpose transducer be arranged in the last change furnace section of described change furnace section in described change furnace section to be measured or to be measured.
3. tandem synthesis ammonia plant conversion section each change furnace entrance vapor-air ratio Analytical system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described gas composition analysis unit comprises the semiwater gas analytical instrument be arranged on synthesis ammonia plant transformation system entrance semiwater gas main pipeline, and be arranged on the CO concentration determination instrument of described change furnace section change furnace the last period section outlet to be measured.
4. tandem synthesis ammonia plant conversion section each change furnace entrance vapor-air ratio Analytical system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the described output terminal that intelligent secondary instrument group unit comprises the signal conditioning circuit for receiving the temperature and pressure signal that described sensor group cells collects, described signal conditioning circuit comprises A/D modular converter and CPU, CPU is communicated with D/A modular converter, loop current output module, communication module, display module and keyboard respectively.Except be installed on transformation system entrance other described in change furnace section vapor-air ratio determinator can and must and the last period described in the vapor-air ratio analyzer communication of change furnace section to obtain change furnace section entrance vapor-air ratio described in the last period thus to draw the described change furnace section vapor-air ratio of to be measured section.
5. tandem synthesis ammonia plant conversion section each change furnace entrance vapor-air ratio Analytical system as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: when the semiwater gas analytical instrument in described gas composition analysis unit or CO concentration determination instrument disappearance, adopt manual analysis and manually inputed in described intelligent secondary instrument group unit to correct measurement result by described keyboard.
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2014
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