CN104483090B - Dynamitic control and measurement method - Google Patents

Dynamitic control and measurement method Download PDF

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CN104483090B
CN104483090B CN201410808133.1A CN201410808133A CN104483090B CN 104483090 B CN104483090 B CN 104483090B CN 201410808133 A CN201410808133 A CN 201410808133A CN 104483090 B CN104483090 B CN 104483090B
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angle
rudder face
attack
deflection
model aircraft
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CN104483090A (en
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黎星佐
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Abstract

The invention provides a dynamitic control and measurement method which is used for a wind tunnel test. An attack angle and a control plane deflection angle of an airplane model supported in a wind tunnel by a controllable support system are measured from flat flight to pull-up to overload G. According to the dynamitic control and measurement method, a real-time dynamitic control and measurement manner is adopted, the angle of attack and the control plane deflection angle of the airplane model are dynamically controlled and adjusted in real time by means of the support system and a steering engine, so that the wind tunnel blowing test can be completed once from beginning to end with the method, time for the wind tunnel test is far shorter than that of a static test in the prior art, the test cost is greatly saved, the available time of wind tunnel resources is greatly prolonged, and the equipment utilization efficiency is improved.

Description

A kind of dynamic control and measuring method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of aviation aerodynamic measurement method, especially one kind are used for model aircraft wind tunnel test Cheng Zhong, dynamic control and the angle of attack of survey aircraft model and the method for rudder face drift angle.
Background technology
Wind tunnel test is that by model aircraft or its part, such as fuselage, wing etc. are fixed on according to aerodynamic principle In wind-tunnel, flow through model aircraft or its part by applying artificial airflow, various complicated state of flights in the air are simulated with this, obtains Take test data.Wind-tunnel is by the aerodynamic studies testing equipment most basic with aircraft development, each type aircraft Development be required for carrying out substantial amounts of test in wind-tunnel.The main purpose of wind tunnel test is intended to obtain the various skies of model aircraft The Changing Pattern of aerodynamic parameter.Evaluate the flying quality of each aircraft, except such as speed, highly, aircraft weight and starting Outside the key elements such as machine thrust, one of most important standard is the aerodynamic quality of aircraft.
The Chinese patent application that the relative theory of model aircraft wind tunnel test and process were submitted on October 12nd, 2012 Clearly described in 201210387483.6, the Chinese patent application in addition submitted to for 2013 01 month 14 Also provide dependency structure and the operation principle of the support system that can be used for wind tunnel test in 201310011601.8, quote herein As reference, understood in order to those skilled in the art.
During existing wind tunnel test, for the dynamic parameter of survey aircraft certain maneuver of model, such as aircraft mould The angle of attack of type and rudder face drift angle, often carry out wind tunnel test using static mode, then using the various aerodynamic of measurement Parameter calculates and obtains the angle of attack of model aircraft and rudder face drift angle, then pass through wind-tunnel flyoff checking calculate the angle of attack obtaining with Rudder face drift angle whether there is deviation with the actual angle of attack and rudder face drift angle, is then added by way of linear interpolation if there is deviation To revise, optimal state is to carry out wind-tunnel flyoff again to the corrected angle of attack and rudder face drift angle to verify, examination Test that process troublesome calculation workload is very big, and the result obtaining be also approximate interpolation, not very accurate although repeatedly drying Checking can gradually approaching to reality value, but whole process is also static.For example, in order to survey aircraft flies to pull-up and reaches from flat To the maneuver setting overload, the angle of attack of real aircraft is dynamic change, and rudder face drift angle is also dynamic change.And show There is wind tunnel test to be that model aircraft is fixed in wind-tunnel, model aircraft is fixed an angle of attack, one angle of rudder face fixed deflection Degree blows, and obtains the overload of aircraft according to the aerodynamic force of model aircraft that measurement obtains, if the overload that obtains of measurement with Want the overload reaching to there is deviation, then row interpolation is entered according to the size of deviation, model aircraft is repeatedly adjusted according to interpolation solid It is scheduled on the fixing degree of bias of the angle of attack in wind-tunnel and rudder face, until the overload that measurement obtains is less than error with wanting the overload reaching Till scope.The wind tunnel test cycle of this static measurement method of prior art is very very long, needs repeatedly to dry, precision test Cost substantially unacceptable, often can only test a limited number of time after pass through interpolation calculation and obtain one approximately Value.
Content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of dynamic control and measuring method, so that above institute is reduced or avoided The problem mentioned.
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention proposes a kind of dynamic control and measuring method, in wind tunnel test, Measurement flies to described aircraft when pull-up reaches overload g using the model aircraft that controllable support system is supported in wind-tunnel from flat The angle of attack of model and rudder face drift angle, wherein, are provided with the control surface deflection controlling described model aircraft inside described model aircraft Steering wheel, described steering wheel has a minimum angle adjustable m, and methods described comprises the steps:
Step 1: described model aircraft is supported in described wind-tunnel by described support system, using described support system Adjust described model aircraft and be in flat winged state, be zero using rudder face drift angle described in described servos control, start wind-tunnel and blown Wind.
Step 2: increase by one step-length angle a of deflection on the basis of original using rudder face described in described servos control, utilize Described support system adjusts the angle of attack of described model aircraft, and measurement makes the pitching of described model aircraft by adjusting the described angle of attack Moment is overload g when zero1.
Step 3: if g1Less than g, then repeat n step 2, until gnMore than or equal to g;If gnEqual to g, then measurement obtains Rudder face drift angle is n*a, the angle of attack of the model aircraft of the as required measurement of the angle of attack now;If gnMore than g, then enter next step; Wherein n is positive integer.
Step 4: reduce the angle of deflection a/2 on the basis of original using rudder face described in described servos control, using described Support system controls the angle of attack of described model aircraft to be adjusted, and measurement makes described model aircraft by adjusting the described angle of attack Pitching moment is overload g when zeron+1.
Step 5: if gn+1More than g, then Repeated m time step 4, until gn+mLess than or equal to g;If gn+mEqual to g, then measurement obtains The described rudder face drift angle obtaining is n*a-m*a/2, the angle of attack of the model aircraft of the as required measurement of the angle of attack now;Wherein m is just Integer.
Step 6: if gn+mLess than g, then increase the rudder face described in angular deflection of deflection a/4, weight on the basis of step 5 again Multiple k step 2 arrives step 3 until gn+m+kMore than or equal to g, if gn+m+kEqual to g, then the described rudder face drift angle measuring acquisition is n* A-m*a/2+k*a/4, the angle of attack of the model aircraft of the as required measurement of the angle of attack now;Wherein k is positive integer.
Step 7: if gn+m+kMore than g, then reduce the rudder face described in angular deflection of deflection a/8, weight on the basis of step 6 again Multiple p step 4 arrives step 5 until gn+m+k+pLess than or equal to g, if gn+m+k+pEqual to g, then the described rudder face drift angle measuring acquisition is N*a-m*a/2+k*a/4-p*a/8, the angle of attack of the model aircraft of the as required measurement of the angle of attack now;Wherein p is positive integer.
Step 8: as long as the overload that measurement obtains is not equal to g, then the circulation of repeat step 6 to 7, control and increase or reduce The angle of control surface deflection halves every time on the basis of original, until the final deflection angle of described rudder face is less than described steering wheel Minimum angle adjustable m, that is, described steering wheel adjusts described control surface deflection angle and is less than the scope of its mechanical adjustable and cannot continue Till adjusting described control surface deflection, now the described rudder face drift angle obtaining with measurement is controlled to can be considered required according to abovementioned steps The overload of measurement is the described angle of attack and described rudder face drift angle during g.
Preferably, shown support system real-time dynamicly controls the angle of attack of described model aircraft using electronic joint.
Preferably, described steering wheel real-time dynamicly controls described rudder face to enter horizontal deflection during described wind tunnel test.
Preferably, described m is 0.01 degree, and described a is 0.1 degree.
In above-mentioned dynamic control provided by the present invention and measuring method, the complete mould of the angle of attack of model aircraft and rudder face drift angle Intend real flight progress, belonged to the method real-time dynamicly controlling with measurement, methods described is from startup wind-tunnel flyoff Start to finish can disposably complete, and the time of wind tunnel test is far less than the time of the static test of prior art, significantly Save experimentation cost, the pot life of wind-tunnel resource is greatly improved, and improves the utilization ratio of equipment.
Brief description
The following drawings is only intended to, in doing schematic illustration and explanation to the present invention, not delimit the scope of the invention.Wherein,
Fig. 1 is shown that dynamic control and survey aircraft mould in the wind tunnel test according to a specific embodiment of the present invention The model demonstration schematic diagram of the angle of attack of type and rudder face drift angle.
Specific embodiment
In order to be more clearly understood to the technical characteristic of the present invention, purpose and effect, now comparison brief description this Bright specific embodiment.Wherein, identical part adopts identical label.
Fig. 1 is shown that dynamic control and survey aircraft mould in the wind tunnel test according to a specific embodiment of the present invention The model demonstration schematic diagram of the angle of attack of type and rudder face drift angle.As illustrated, the model aircraft 3 of the present invention utilizes controllable support System 1 is supported in wind-tunnel 2, need measurement be model aircraft 3 from flat fly to overload g that pull-up reaches setting when, aircraft mould The angle of attack of type 3 and rudder face drift angle.
Due to present invention needs measurement is the angle of attack during flat winged pull-up for the model aircraft 3 and rudder face drift angle, then Described rudder face 31 can be the elevator of model aircraft, flying tail etc., or other is during operating aircraft model pull-up Need the auxiliary lifting device used, such as front wing etc..It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the present invention is only schematically Using specific embodiment, one general test method is described, those skilled in the art can expand according to the scheme that the present invention introduces Open up in the measurement process of yaw angle, roll angle and other any rudder face drift angle.
Support system 1 shown in Fig. 1 can using background section refer to 201310011601.8 in similar Support system, described support system can provide the angle of attack to model aircraft, yaw angle, roll angle flexibly to be controlled, Er Qieke Real-time dynamicly to control the angle of attack of model aircraft 3 using electronic joint etc., in addition, being also equipped with inside described model aircraft 3 Control the steering wheel 4 of rudder face 31 deflection of model aircraft 3, for real-time dynamicly controlling rudder face 31 to carry out during wind tunnel test Deflection.Support system 1 shown in Fig. 1 of the present invention and steering wheel 4, for realizing dynamic control of the present invention and survey aircraft mould The angle of attack of type and rudder face drift angle provide preliminary experimental basis.
Just it has been observed that being a difference in that with prior art maximum, the present invention is to provide a kind of dynamic control and measurement Method, methods described is disposably to complete it is not necessary to wind-tunnel shutdown is adjusted repeatedly from starting wind-tunnel flyoff start to finish The position of whole model aircraft, and the angle of attack of model aircraft 3 and rudder face drift angle are also to simulate real flight progress to carry out in real time Dynamically control.
Specifically, dynamic control and the angle of attack of survey aircraft model and the method for rudder face drift angle in the wind tunnel test of the present invention Comprise the steps:
Step 1: model aircraft 3 is supported in wind-tunnel 2 by support system 1, adjusts model aircraft using support system 1 3 are in flat winged state, and controlling rudder face drift angle using steering wheel 4 is zero, starts wind-tunnel 2 and blows.Certainly, those skilled in the art It should be appreciated that step 1 is in order to full text describes a reduced condition of easy setting, actually it is contemplated that the present invention may be use with from flying Any one state of angle of attack of machine model 3 and rudder face drift angle start wind tunnel test, and this test objective to be seen is in order to which kind of obtains Parameter under state of flight.
Step 2: control rudder face 31 to increase by one step-length angle a of deflection, wherein said rudder on the basis of original using steering wheel 4 Machine 4 has a minimum angle adjustable m, that is, the minimum angles value that steering wheel 4 drives rudder face 31 deflection for machinery is m.Example As the precision according to Machine Design and cost consideration, this minimum angle adjustable m may be 0.01 degree, that is, adjusts rudder every time Face drift angle minimum can only achieve 0.01 degree of precision, less angle is exactly that frame for movement cannot be accomplished.In addition, step-length angle Degree a can be set as a numerical value according to the experience of this area, and this numerical value is preferably able to need measurement to obtain much smaller than final Transship for rudder face drift angle during g, and this numerical value is also much larger than minimum angle adjustable m, for example, if final need measurement to obtain Transship and may be 10 degree about for rudder face drift angle during g, then step-length angle a can select 0.1 degree.Certainly, step-length angle a is permissible It is controlled adjusting according to practical situation, to meet the balance of experimental precision and economy.
After steering wheel 4 controls rudder face 31 to deflect step-length angle a, the aerodynamic force distribution of whole model aircraft 3 there occurs Change, with regard to amount of unbalance, this is consistent with real state of flight to the pitching moment leading to model aircraft 3, therefore truly Aircraft can be pulled upwardly.Likewise, in order to simulate real state of flight, it is possible to use support system 1 controls model aircraft 3 The angle of attack be adjusted, when the pitching moment of model aircraft 3 is zero, again reach poised state.Now namely control After rudder face 31 has deflected step-length angle a, the statokinetic that model aircraft should be at, certainly, this attitude is got off the plane model 3 Aerodynamic force size can also measure by balance, obtain this attitude and get off the plane model 3 through calculating also just can measure Overload g1.
Due to selecting before when step-length angle a it has to be considered that its numerical value is much smaller than final deflection angle, therefore warp Cross once obtained overload g of deflection1Certainly it is less than g's it is therefore desirable to accumulative be repeated several times the same step-length angle of deflection A, the final deflection angle of Step wise approximation.Namely back to back step is:
Step 3: if g1Less than g, then repeat n step 2, until gnMore than or equal to g;If gnEqual to g, then measurement obtains Rudder face drift angle is n*a, the angle of attack of the model aircraft of the as required measurement of the angle of attack now;If gnMore than g, then enter next step; Wherein n is positive integer.
In this step, through accumulative repeat for n time to deflect same step-length angle a and then adjustment angle of attack rebalancing moment it Afterwards, overload g that measurement obtainsnIt is possible to exactly equal to (certainly this probability is very little) of g, in this case just not Need further to operate, n time the deflection angle of adjustment i.e. n times of step-length angle a are exactly final deflection angle altogether , the angle of attack of the model aircraft of the as required measurement of the angle of attack now.Certainly, most possible situation is that rudder face 31 adjusted Head, that is, the angle that adjusts is too big, and (this is that the measuring method of the present invention wishes the situation that occurs in fact, shows finally to deflect Angle is certainly between (n-1) * a and n*a) so that the g of measurement acquisitionnMore than overload g setting, then remaining thing is just It is the deflection back controlling rudder face, gradually approach final rudder face drift angle.
Step 4: control rudder face 31 to reduce the angle of deflection a/2 on the basis of original using steering wheel 4, support system using described The angle of attack of system 1 control model aircraft 3 is adjusted, and measurement makes the pitching power of described model aircraft 3 by adjusting the described angle of attack Square is overload g when zeron+1.
This step back adjusts the deflection of rudder face, and the step-length of selection is a/2, is the mistake that same measurement of comparison obtains afterwards Carry the size with g.
Step 5: if gn+1More than g, then Repeated m time step 4, until gn+mLess than or equal to g;If gn+mEqual to g, then measurement obtains The described rudder face drift angle obtaining is n*a-m*a/2, the angle of attack of the model aircraft of the as required measurement of the angle of attack now;Wherein m is just Integer.
In this step, repeat for m time back to deflect same step-length angle a/2 and then adjust angle of attack rebalancing through accumulative After moment, overload g that measurement obtainsn+mEqually it is possible to exactly equal to (this probability is also very little) of g, this In the case of again without further operating, final deflection angle is exactly n*a-m*a/2, and the angle of attack now is required The angle of attack of the model aircraft of measurement.Certainly, it is desirable also to the situation occurring is to have adjusted again anti-excessive so that measurement obtains gn+mLess than overload g setting, then remaining thing is exactly and in turn further toward the big deflection adjusting rudder face, gradually forces Closely final rudder face drift angle.
Actually in most cases may only need to adjustment and will adjust anti-excessive several times, perhaps once just recall to , that is, m be possible to equal to 1 it is also possible to be equal to 10, depending on the numerical values recited of step-length angle a, therefore step-length angle a With the number of times of adjustment and the time correlation of wind tunnel test.Certainly, because measurement, calculating, adjustment are all by background computer control System is processed, and the time hinge structure repeatedly approaching operation is almost flashy thing, under prior art conditions, no matter The selection of step-length angle a is much, and the time of wind tunnel test has all been far less than the time of the static test of prior art, substantially On only need in 1 minute just permissible, greatly save experimentation cost, reduce energy loss, the pot life of wind-tunnel resource Greatly improved, improved the utilization ratio of equipment.
Step 6: if gn+mLess than g, then increase the angular deflection rudder face 31 of deflection a/4 on the basis of step 5 again, repeat k Secondary step 2 arrives step 3 until gn+m+kMore than or equal to g, if gn+m+kEqual to g, then the described rudder face drift angle measuring acquisition is n*a-m* A/2+k*a/4, the angle of attack of the model aircraft of the as required measurement of the angle of attack now;Wherein k is positive integer.
This step is actually step 2 and 3 and repeats to approach the mistake of final rudder face drift angle toward the deflection of big iteration adjustment rudder face Journey, simply the step-length of iteration be reduced to the 1/4 of step-length angle a.
Step 7: if gn+m+kMore than g, then reduce the rudder face 31 described in angular deflection of deflection a/8 on the basis of step 6 again, Repeat p step 4 and arrive step 5 until gn+m+k+pLess than or equal to g, if gn+m+k+pEqual to g, then measure the described rudder face drift angle of acquisition For n*a-m*a/2+k*a/4-p*a/8, the angle of attack of the model aircraft of the as required measurement of the angle of attack now;Wherein p is positive integer.
Likewise, this step is actually step 4 and 5 repeating to approach final deflection angle toward the deflection of little iteration adjustment rudder face Degree process, simply the step-length of iteration be reduced to the 1/8 of step-length angle a.
Step 8: as long as the overload that measurement obtains is not equal to g, then the circulation of repeat step 6 to 7, control and increase or reduce The angle of control surface deflection halves every time on the basis of original, until the final deflection angle of described rudder face 31 is less than described steering wheel 4 minimum angle adjustable m, that is, described steering wheel 4 adjusts described rudder face 31 deflection angle less than the scope of its mechanical adjustable no Till method continues adjustment described rudder face 31 deflection, now can be considered required survey according to the rudder face drift angle that abovementioned steps measurement obtains The overload of amount is the described angle of attack and described rudder face drift angle during g.
This step is that the process of repeatedly approaching adjustment is explained further, and actually carries out with regard to it in step before Detailed explanation, the situation herein summarized is, in most cases can not control so that measuring the overload obtaining just etc. In g, then as long as being not equal to g it is necessary to ceaselessly repeatedly approach, being finally stopped the condition approached is, when every time in original base Deflection angle is halved on plinth, always reaches the mechanical adjustable limit of steering wheel 4, continue below the mechanical adjustable limit of steering wheel 4 Adjustment cannot be carried out, simultaneously economically also unnecessary, has now controlled the angle of attack obtaining with measurement and rudder face drift angle Can be regarded as the final angle of the required measurement of infinite approach, you can be considered as final result.
In sum, in above-mentioned dynamic control provided by the present invention and measuring method, the angle of attack of model aircraft and rudder face Drift angle simulates real flight progress completely, belongs to the method real-time dynamicly controlling with measurement, and methods described is from startup wind Hole blowing test start to finish can disposably complete, and the time of wind tunnel test is far less than the static test of prior art Time, greatly save experimentation cost, the pot life of wind-tunnel resource is greatly improved, improve the utilization effect of equipment Rate.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that although the present invention is to be described according to the mode of multiple embodiments, It is that not each embodiment only comprises an independent technical scheme.For the sake of in description, so narration is just for the sake of understanding, Description should be understood by those skilled in the art as an entirety, and by involved technical scheme in each embodiment Regard as and can be mutually combined into the mode of different embodiments to understand protection scope of the present invention.
The foregoing is only the schematic specific embodiment of the present invention, be not limited to the scope of the present invention.Any Those skilled in the art, the equivalent variations made on the premise of the design without departing from the present invention and principle, modification and combination, The scope of protection of the invention all should be belonged to.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of dynamic control and measuring method, for, in wind tunnel test, measurement is supported on using controllable support system (1) Model aircraft (3) in wind-tunnel (2) flies to the angle of attack of described model aircraft (3) and rudder face drift angle when pull-up reaches overload g from flat, Wherein, the steering wheel (4) controlling the rudder face (31) of described model aircraft (3) to deflect is installed inside described model aircraft (3), described Steering wheel (4) has a minimum angle adjustable m, and methods described comprises the steps:
Step 1: described model aircraft (3) is supported in described wind-tunnel (2) by described support system (1), using described Support system (1) adjusts described model aircraft (3) and is in flat winged state, and controlling described rudder face drift angle using described steering wheel (4) is zero, Start wind-tunnel (2) to blow;
Step 2: control described rudder face (31) to increase by one step-length angle a of deflection, profit on the basis of original using described steering wheel (4) Adjust the angle of attack of described model aircraft (3) with described support system (1), measurement makes described aircraft mould by adjusting the described angle of attack The pitching moment of type (3) is overload g when zero1
Step 3: if g1Less than g, then repeat n step 2, until gnMore than or equal to g;If gnEqual to g, then measure the rudder face of acquisition Drift angle is n*a, the angle of attack of the model aircraft (3) of the as required measurement of the angle of attack now;If gnMore than g, then enter next step;Its Middle n is positive integer;
Step 4: control described rudder face (31) to reduce the angle of deflection a/2 on the basis of original using described steering wheel (4), using institute Stating support system (1) controls the angle of attack of described model aircraft (3) to be adjusted, and measurement makes described flying by adjusting the described angle of attack The pitching moment of machine model (3) is overload g when zeron+1
Step 5: if gn+1More than g, then Repeated m time step 4, until gn+mLess than or equal to g;If gn+mEqual to g, then measurement obtains Described rudder face drift angle is n*a-m*a/2, the angle of attack of the model aircraft (3) of the as required measurement of the angle of attack now;Wherein m is just whole Number;
Step 6: if gn+mLess than g, then increase rudder face (31) described in angular deflection of deflection a/4, weight on the basis of step 5 again Multiple k step 2 arrives step 3 until gn+m+kMore than or equal to g, if gn+m+kEqual to g, then the described rudder face drift angle measuring acquisition is n* a-m*a/2+k*a/4;Wherein k is positive integer;
Step 7: if gn+m+kMore than g, then reduce rudder face (31) described in angular deflection of deflection a/8, weight on the basis of step 6 again Multiple p step 4 arrives step 5 until gn+m+k+pLess than or equal to g, if gn+m+k+pEqual to g, then the described rudder face drift angle measuring acquisition is N*a-m*a/2+k*a/4-p*a/8, the angle of attack of the model aircraft (3) of the as required measurement of the angle of attack now;Wherein p is just whole Number;
Step 8: as long as the overload that measurement obtains is not equal to g, then the circulation of repeat step 6 to 7, control and increase or reduce rudder face The angle of deflection halves every time on the basis of original, until the final deflection angle of described rudder face (31) is less than described steering wheel (4) minimum angle adjustable m, that is, described steering wheel (4) adjusts the model that described rudder face (31) deflection angle is less than its mechanical adjustable Enclose and till cannot continuing to adjust described rudder face (31) deflection, now control, according to abovementioned steps, the described aircraft obtaining with measurement The angle of attack of model (3) and rudder face drift angle can be considered that the overload of required measurement is the described angle of attack and described rudder face drift angle during g.
2. the method for claim 1 is it is characterised in that shown support system (1) adopts electronic joint real-time dynamicly Control the angle of attack of described model aircraft (3).
3. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is it is characterised in that described steering wheel (4) is real-time during described wind tunnel test Described rudder face (31) is dynamically controlled to enter horizontal deflection.
4. it is characterised in that described m is 0.01 degree, described a is 0.1 degree to method as claimed in claim 3.
CN201410808133.1A 2014-12-22 2014-12-22 Dynamitic control and measurement method Expired - Fee Related CN104483090B (en)

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