CN104481726A - Three-piston type free-piston stirling engine - Google Patents

Three-piston type free-piston stirling engine Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104481726A
CN104481726A CN201410618390.9A CN201410618390A CN104481726A CN 104481726 A CN104481726 A CN 104481726A CN 201410618390 A CN201410618390 A CN 201410618390A CN 104481726 A CN104481726 A CN 104481726A
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China
Prior art keywords
piston
gas distribution
cylinder
distribution piston
power
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Pending
Application number
CN201410618390.9A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
黄护林
唐硕捷
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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Priority to CN201410618390.9A priority Critical patent/CN104481726A/en
Publication of CN104481726A publication Critical patent/CN104481726A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
    • F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
    • F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
    • F02G1/0435—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines the engine being of the free piston type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
    • F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
    • F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
    • F02G1/044—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines having at least two working members, e.g. pistons, delivering power output
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
    • F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
    • F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
    • F02G1/053—Component parts or details
    • F02G1/055—Heaters or coolers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G2254/00—Heat inputs
    • F02G2254/40—Heat inputs using heat accumulators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G2280/00—Output delivery
    • F02G2280/10—Linear generators

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a three-piston type free-piston stirling engine, and belongs to the field of utilization of hot-air engines. The three-piston type free-piston stirling engine comprises a liquid metal heating cap (12), an air distributing piston cylinder, a first air distributing piston (18), a power piston cylinder (19), a power piston (20) and a generator assembly; the air distributing piston is divided into two sections; a plate spring (17) of the air distributing piston is suspended between the two sections to supply a returning force for the air distributing piston; the liquid metal heating cap (12) of which the phase change temperature is equal to the temperature of a heat source fills a heating head at the outer surface of the air distributing cylinder and can be used for enabling the engine to stably run without being influenced by the fluctuation of the temperature of the heat source; a vortex heater (14) for improving air heating in the cylinder is arranged in the air distributing piston cylinder. According to the three-piston type free-piston stirling engine, the air distributing piston is divided into the two sections, so that the plate spring can be simply suspended and mounted; meanwhile, the heat conducting loss of the air distributing piston is decreased; therefore, the whole engine has the advantages of being simple in structure, free of difficulty at the mounting of the plate spring, and high in heat efficiency.

Description

Three piston type free piston stirling engines
Art
The present invention relates to a kind of three piston type free piston stirling engines, belong to heat engine and utilize field.
Background technique
Stirling engine (Stirling Engine) is a kind of closed cycle reciprocating engine of external heat.In this kind of machine, working medium (being generally hydrogen, helium or air) is closed in circulation loop, by the flow direction of no-load voltage ratio controlled medium in closed cycle loop of volume of cylinder; Compress working medium at relatively low temperatures and pressures, expand under higher temperature and pressure, thus obtain positive circulation merit.Its thermal procession is undertaken by Stirling cycle.
Stirling engine with free piston is an important branch of Stirling engine, is a kind of power plant realizing thermodynamic cycle by reciprocating motion of the pistons.This motion is because the interaction of gas force and power between gas force and parts produces.Its working principle is as follows:
Stirling engine with free piston is made up of three parts substantially: the cylinder that heavier power piston, light gas distribution piston and two ends seal.Common Stirling engine with free piston is that gas distribution piston bar is formed through power piston.Because gas distribution piston and gas distribution piston bar are hollow, the open at its lower end of bar, so gas distribution piston inside forms buffer cavity together with the volume of cylinder below power piston, becomes a gas spring, makes gas distribution piston return.Gas distribution piston head is expansion chamber, and be compression chamber between gas distribution piston and power piston, expansion chamber and compression chamber are referred to as active chamber again.Gap long and narrow between the inner casing of gas distribution piston cylinder and outer shell is respectively heating chamber, regenerator and cooler composition from right to left.Heater and cooler respectively with expansion chamber and compression chamber UNICOM.
Traditional free piston stirling engine adopts gas spring as the restoring force of piston, not only volume is large, and the piston of gas spring effect is because producing drift without any machinery is fixing, makes gas distribution piston and power piston be close together or lean against two ends respectively, thus runs out of steam.For overcoming this problem, Sterling LLC etc. of Holland have employed the controlling method of many complexity.Infinia company adopts leaf spring to replace the technology of the Stirling engine with free piston of gas spring comparatively ripe, and First principle prototype starts test in October, 2007.Microgen company is with based on the technology of leaf spring Stirling engine with free piston by Sunpower company 1kW, develops mini domestic cogeneration system (MCHP).But, at present these control with the Stirling engine with free piston of gas spring, complex structure; The structure adopting gas distribution piston bar to pass power piston can reduce the sealing in compression chamber, and installs complicated; Infinia company is that the leaf spring Stirling engine with free piston leaf spring system of representative is installed complicated, especially to small-sized free piston stirling engine, its gas distribution piston cylinder bore is very little, leaf spring system installs difficulty, and leaf spring diameter is also less than distribution piston-cylinder diameter, thus make the displacement of leaf spring little, limit the shift length of gas distribution piston.
Because the working medium of free piston stirling engine generally uses the inert gases such as helium, its thermal conductivity is lower, and its in heating chamber and cooler back and forth heat absorption and release produce the temperature difference with carry out thermodynamic cycle drive power piston acting, and frequency is all at about 50Hz, thus its fast endothermic heat release seems very necessary.In order to make working medium maximally can absorb heat in a circulation in heating chamber, reinforced heat exchanger just seems necessary.In heating chamber, use porous medium and cyclone separator to be a kind of extraordinary efficient forced heat exchanging means.Cyclone separator when piston movement is to heating chamber again, makes gas produce eddy flow, thus enables Working medium gas fast rotational produce eddy current, and that improves gas adds heat and temperature homogeneity, increases the advantages such as the specific power of motor and stability.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention be mainly to propose a kind of can overcome traditional Stirling engine with free piston gas spring the problem such as complex control, structure and Infinia company be that the leaf spring system of representative is installed complicated, the novel Stirling engine with free piston of the heating head of the two-section piston type leaf spring system installation of the shortcomings such as unhelpful volume is large and the cyclone separator of band high-efficiency heating, this Stirling engine with free piston is not only processed simply, cost is low, efficiency is high, and stable, disturb the advantages such as little by thermal source.
A kind of three piston type free piston stirling engines, it comprises gas distribution piston cylinder, gas distribution piston, power piston cylinder, power piston and generator assembly successively; Described gas distribution piston cylinder comprises outer gas and inside cylinder, and the interlayer between outside cylinder and inside cylinder is made up of heating chamber, regenerator and cooling chamber and coolant guiding channel to bottom successively top; Inside cylinder top is hatch frame; Space between gas distribution piston top and outside cylinder is expansion chamber; It is characterized in that: the heater head outside above-mentioned gas distribution piston cylinder has the liquid metal heating cap of the liquid metal that a filling phase transition temperature is suitable with heat source temperature, is also provided with eddy flow heater in gas distribution piston cylinder; Described gas distribution piston is seal-installed in inside cylinder, is divided into the first gas distribution piston and the second gas distribution piston; First gas distribution piston and the second gas distribution piston are separated by gas distribution piston leaf spring, and are connected by the gas distribution piston connecting rod through gas distribution piston leaf spring.
Heater head outside gas distribution piston outside cylinder of the present invention is the liquid metal heating cap that a filling phase transition temperature is suitable with heat source temperature, make the motor not stable operation by the fluctuation of heat source temperature, gas distribution piston cylinder interior has eddy flow heater, gas-heated in stiffened cylinder, improves the thermal efficiency of motor.。Described gas distribution piston is divided into two-section, and gas distribution piston leaf spring, between two-section gas distribution piston, provides the restoring force of gas distribution piston.The method overcome traditional gas spring volume large, gas distribution piston easily drifts about, and gas distribution piston bar need be installed complicated, to shortcomings such as requirement on machining accuracy are high through power piston and leaf spring.
The length of described first gas distribution piston is 3-4 times of the second gas distribution piston.. described first gas distribution piston is longer, in order to reduce air loss and thermal loss, and the high-temperature zone better in isolation expansion chamber and the low temperature area in compression chamber; And the second gas distribution piston is shorter, to alleviate weight and the length of whole gas distribution piston.
Three described piston type free piston stirling engines, is characterized in that: described cyclone separator can be arranged on the top in the first gas distribution piston top or gas distribution piston cylinder.
Three described piston type formula free piston stirling engines, is characterized in that: described generator assembly comprises generator casing, power piston bar, linear electric generator mover magnet, linear electric generator stator coil winding; Its power piston bar is by bearings in generator casing, and power piston bar upper end is connected with power piston, and power piston bar lower end is connected with leaf spring; Linear electric generator mover magnet is installed on power piston bar.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural drawing of novel three piston type Stirling engine with free pistons;
Number in the figure title: 1. outside cylinder, 2. expansion chamber, 3. inside cylinder, 4. regenerator, 5. cooling chamber, 6. coolant guiding channel, 7. cylinder coupling flange, 8. compression chamber, 9. bearing, 10. linear electric generator stator coil winding, 11. power piston bars, 12. heating caps, 13. liquid metals, 14. eddy flow heaters, 15. first gas distribution pistons, 16. gas distribution piston connecting rods, 17. gas distribution piston leaf springs, 18. second gas distribution pistons, 19. power piston cylinders, 20. power pistons, 21. linear electric generator movers, 22. generator assemblies and shell, 23. power piston leaf springs.
Embodiment
The structure of novel three piston type Stirling engine with free pistons of the present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with Fig. 1.Gas distribution piston system is made up of Double-deck air cylinder (outside cylinder 1 and inside cylinder 3), is made up of respectively in its interlayer expansion chamber (heating chamber) 2, regenerator 4 and cooling chamber 5.Inside cylinder 3 on the left side head heating-up zone is opening, and the right is also the drum of opening.
When gas strengthens heating by heating cap heat hot and eddy flow heater 14 in expansion chamber 2, be heated after heating up and expand in expansion chamber 2, drive the first gas distribution piston 5 and the second gas distribution piston 18 to the right toward the motion of compression chamber 8 direction, compress the gas working medium between the first gas distribution piston 8 and power piston 20; When the first gas distribution piston 5 and the first gas distribution piston 8 move right, gas distribution piston leaf spring 17 is owing to being produced elastic potential energy left to the right by stretching, when gas distribution piston arrives bottom of right side, the elastic potential energy of gas distribution piston leaf spring 17 reaches maximum, be greater than the kinetic energy of gas distribution piston and the expansion potential energy of expansion intracavity gas and make the first gas distribution piston 5 and the second gas distribution piston 18 left toward the motion of expansion chamber 2 direction, until move to the left-hand end of outside cylinder 1.When the first gas distribution piston 5 and the second gas distribution piston 18 are to left movement, portion gas also enters regenerator 4 and cold-zone device 5 by the passage in the interlayer of two cylinders, enters passage between the first gas distribution piston 8 and power piston 20 enter compression chamber 8 by cooling medium after being lowered the temperature.
When gas working medium in compression chamber 8 is compressed, gas working medium drives power piston 20 to move right; When power piston 20 moves right, power piston leaf spring 23 is produced and obtains potential energy left, to reaching maximum during low order end, the elasticity of power piston leaf spring 23 makes it back move toward compression chamber 8 direction left.When power piston 20 is to left movement, portion gas by cooler 5, the regenerator 4 in the interlayer of two cylinders, is got back in expansion chamber 2 through heating chamber passage and is heated again.When power piston 20 moves to the high order end of its stroke, gas effect in chamber 8, moves right again by compression, and the phase angle difference that itself and the first gas distribution piston 5 and the second gas distribution piston 18 move is greatly about about 70 degree.
Like this, the first gas distribution piston 5 and the second gas distribution piston 18 and power piston 20 left and right in cylinder moves back and forth, and makes working gas heat back and forth in two cylinder interlayers and expansion chamber 2, compression chamber 8 and expand, cool and compress.The to-and-fro motion of power piston 20, generator rotor permanent magnet 21 to-and-fro motion in stator winding coil 10 on power piston bar 11, produces electric energy.Power piston bar 11 is supported by bearing 9.Linear generating thermomechanical components 10 and 21 and power piston bar 11 are fixed on generator casing 22.Flowing through in gap between the first gas distribution piston 5 and inside cylinder 3 to reduce gas, needing to carry out accurate blind-mate on the first gas distribution piston 5 and inner casing, generally adopting labyrinth type gas-tight sealing apparatus, to reduce air loss, improve the efficiency of motor.
Because the working medium specific heat capacity of free piston stirling engine is very little, very responsive to the change of outside heat source temperature, thus the operation of motor is very large by the impact of external heat source.In order to reduce this impact, heating cap 12 under the continuous heating of external heat source, by liquid metal 13 by heat through gas distribution piston cylinder interior heated air working medium.Because the specific heat capacity of liquid metal is very high, when air heat source temperature occurs slightly to change, be unlikely to affect the change that gas temperature in expansion chamber is large, thus motor is operated steadily.In addition, eddy flow heater also plays the effect of strengthening heating, and the thermal efficiency of motor is improved.

Claims (4)

1. three piston type free piston stirling engines, it comprises gas distribution piston cylinder, gas distribution piston, power piston cylinder (19), power piston (20) and generator assembly successively; Described gas distribution piston cylinder comprises outside cylinder (1) and inside cylinder (3), and the interlayer between outside cylinder (1) and inside cylinder (3) is made up of heating chamber (2), regenerator (4) and cooling chamber (5) and coolant guiding channel (6) to bottom successively top; Inside cylinder (3) top is hatch frame; Space between gas distribution piston top and outside cylinder (1) is expansion chamber (2);
It is characterized in that:
The heating cap (12) of the liquid metal (13) that the heater head outside above-mentioned gas distribution piston cylinder has a filling phase transition temperature suitable with heat source temperature, is also provided with eddy flow heater (14) in gas distribution piston cylinder;
Described gas distribution piston is seal-installed in inside cylinder (3), is divided into the first gas distribution piston (15) and the second gas distribution piston (18); First gas distribution piston (15) and the second gas distribution piston (18) by gas distribution piston leaf spring (17) separately, and are connected by the gas distribution piston connecting rod (16) through gas distribution piston leaf spring (17).
2. three piston type free piston stirling engines according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the length of described first gas distribution piston (15) is 3-4 times of the second gas distribution piston (18).
3. three piston type free piston stirling engines according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described eddy flow heater (14) is arranged on the top in the first gas distribution piston (15) top or gas distribution piston outside cylinder (1).
4. three piston type formula free piston stirling engines according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described generator assembly comprises generator casing (22), power piston bar (11), linear electric generator mover (21), linear electric generator stator coil winding (10); Its power piston bar (11) is supported in generator casing (22) by bearing (9), and power piston bar (11) upper end is connected with power piston (20), and power piston bar (11) lower end is connected with leaf spring (23); Linear electric generator mover magnet (21) is installed on power piston bar (11).
CN201410618390.9A 2014-11-06 2014-11-06 Three-piston type free-piston stirling engine Pending CN104481726A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201410618390.9A CN104481726A (en) 2014-11-06 2014-11-06 Three-piston type free-piston stirling engine

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106401793A (en) * 2016-11-22 2017-02-15 肖炀 Optothermal co-production Stirling engine
CN107701328A (en) * 2017-08-18 2018-02-16 西北工业大学 A kind of stirling generator with labyrinth claustra regenerator
CN109974338A (en) * 2019-03-06 2019-07-05 中国科学院理化技术研究所 A kind of phase converter and thermoacoustic system
CN110206657A (en) * 2019-07-03 2019-09-06 中国科学院理化技术研究所 A kind of heat stagnation rear profile free piston stirling generator
CN115539241A (en) * 2021-06-29 2022-12-30 中国科学院理化技术研究所 Two-stage free piston Stirling generator

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CN103562535A (en) * 2010-11-18 2014-02-05 埃塔里姆有限公司 Stirling cycle transducer apparatus
CN203742828U (en) * 2013-11-17 2014-07-30 成都奥能普科技有限公司 Heat accumulating type Stirling generator set and mobile heat accumulating type Stirling generator set

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US20110252780A1 (en) * 2010-04-20 2011-10-20 Alpha Plus Power Inc. Heat engine
CN103562535A (en) * 2010-11-18 2014-02-05 埃塔里姆有限公司 Stirling cycle transducer apparatus
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CN103423019A (en) * 2013-07-23 2013-12-04 南京航空航天大学 Magnetic restoring force type free piston Stirling engine
CN203742828U (en) * 2013-11-17 2014-07-30 成都奥能普科技有限公司 Heat accumulating type Stirling generator set and mobile heat accumulating type Stirling generator set

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106401793A (en) * 2016-11-22 2017-02-15 肖炀 Optothermal co-production Stirling engine
CN107701328A (en) * 2017-08-18 2018-02-16 西北工业大学 A kind of stirling generator with labyrinth claustra regenerator
CN109974338A (en) * 2019-03-06 2019-07-05 中国科学院理化技术研究所 A kind of phase converter and thermoacoustic system
CN110206657A (en) * 2019-07-03 2019-09-06 中国科学院理化技术研究所 A kind of heat stagnation rear profile free piston stirling generator
CN110206657B (en) * 2019-07-03 2023-12-19 中国科学院理化技术研究所 Thermal hysteresis type free piston Stirling generator
CN115539241A (en) * 2021-06-29 2022-12-30 中国科学院理化技术研究所 Two-stage free piston Stirling generator

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Application publication date: 20150401