CN104479101A - Method for directly preparing polyurethane foam by adopting rice straw as raw material and prepared polyurethane foam - Google Patents
Method for directly preparing polyurethane foam by adopting rice straw as raw material and prepared polyurethane foam Download PDFInfo
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- CN104479101A CN104479101A CN201410848678.5A CN201410848678A CN104479101A CN 104479101 A CN104479101 A CN 104479101A CN 201410848678 A CN201410848678 A CN 201410848678A CN 104479101 A CN104479101 A CN 104479101A
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- polyurethane foam
- rice straw
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- directly prepared
- dabco
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
- C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
- C08G18/74—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic
- C08G18/76—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic
- C08G18/7657—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings
- C08G18/7664—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings containing alkylene polyphenyl groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/30—Low-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/32—Polyhydroxy compounds; Polyamines; Hydroxyamines
- C08G18/3203—Polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G18/3206—Polyhydroxy compounds aliphatic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2110/00—Foam properties
- C08G2110/0041—Foam properties having specified density
- C08G2110/005—< 50kg/m3
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2110/00—Foam properties
- C08G2110/0083—Foam properties prepared using water as the sole blowing agent
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for directly preparing polyurethane foam by adopting rice straw as the raw material. The method comprises the following steps: adopting a polyols liquefacient and an acid catalyst to treat rice straw for liquidation; directly adding a foaming agent, a catalyst, a stabilizer and isocyanate into the liquefied product to prepare polyurethane foam. The method is simple in preparation technology, and easy for popularization and industrialized production; the prepared polyurethane foam is a novel environment-friendly high polymer material, is good in product performance, and satisfies the performance requirement on the conventional industrial polyurethane foam; meanwhile, the waste biomass resources are fully utilized, and the production cost of polyurethane foam is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to biomass-based urethane foam field, particularly with the polyvalent alcohol liquefaction of stalk under catalyst action, utilize the liquefied product containing residue directly to prepare the technology of polyurethane foam.
Background technology
Polyurethane foamed material (PU) is owing to having excellent performance, its range of application is very extensive, in recent years, due to the minimizing attention of petroleum resource consumption and becoming increasingly conspicuous of World Environment Problems, replace petroleum-based polyvalent alcohol to carry out synthesis of polyurethane foam with reproducible plant material, cause the concern of people.China is agriculture production big country, annual agricultural crop straw output just reaches 700,000,000 tons, but the comprehensive utilization ratio of agricultural crop straw is only 1/3, industrial utilization rate is less than 5%, a large amount of stalks burns in farmland, flame and dense smoke severe contamination air ambient, even brings impact to civil aviation.Therefore, biomass energy and biological material technology are two megatrend of agricultural crop straw efficiency utilization.Agricultural crop straw has natural productivity and sustainability, its chemical constitution and wood materials close, there is the numerous characteristics of wood materials.Become to have the liquid small molecules of high reaction activity by solid-state macromolecular cleavage by liquefaction mode, make it have thermal fluidity, some mixed organic solvents binary system can be dissolved in, play the advantage of cellulosic polyhydroxy structure feature, be prepared into macromolecular material, with the object reaching optimum use He turn waste into wealth, and rice straw is utilized not yet to see report as the technology of one of the raw material of preparation polyurethane foam.
Summary of the invention
Not high for solving prior art a large amount of agricultural crop straw utilization ratio, wasting problem, realizes refuse reclamation, the invention provides a kind of rice straw that utilizes and directly prepares the method for polyurethane foam for raw material.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
Take rice straw as the method that polyurethane foam directly prepared by raw material, step is as follows:
Rice straw and polyvalent alcohol liquefying agent are mixed by weight the ratio being 1:3 ~ 1:5, an acidic catalyst is by 0.001 ~ 0.004molH
+the ratio of/g rice straw adds and stirs, and reacts 60 ~ 240min, obtain liquefied product at 120 ~ 190 DEG C; Liquefied product is mixed with whipping agent, kicker, gel catalyst and suds-stabilizing agent, then adds isocyanic ester, stir, pour mould into, foaming, slaking;
The part by weight of described liquefied product and whipping agent, kicker, gel catalyst, suds-stabilizing agent and isocyanic ester is:
Described rice straw is 30 ~ 80 object powder for being crushed to fineness;
Described polyvalent alcohol liquefying agent is selected from least one in poly(oxyethylene glycol) 400, glycerol or ethylene glycol;
Described an acidic catalyst is selected from the one in hydrochloric acid, the vitriol oil, phosphoric acid or oxalic acid;
Described whipping agent is selected from the one in water, chloro fluoroethane or Trichloromonofluoromethane;
Described kicker and gel catalyst are selected from the one in following combination: triethylene diamine and stannous octoate, triethylene diamine and dibutyl tin dilaurate, (effective constituent is triethylene diamine to Dabco BL-11 (solution be made up of 70% pair of (dimethylamino ethyl) ether and 30% dipropylene glycol) and Dabco 33-LV, the solution be mixed with by the triethylene diamine of 33% and the dipropylene glycol of 67%), (chemical name is N to PC5, N, N ', N ", N "-PMDETA) and PC8 (chemical name is N, N-dimethylcyclohexylamine) or Dabco NE300 (without distributing amines catalyst) and Dabco NE1070 (the low smell catalyzer of gel-type urethane without distributing),
Described suds-stabilizing agent is selected from the one of water-soluble silicon oil, Dabco DC6070 (low emission silicone surfactant) or Dabco DC2525 (silicone surfactant);
Described isocyanic ester is selected from the one of tolylene diisocyanate, diphenylmethanediisocyanate or polyphenyl polymethylene polyisocyanates.
Further, described polyvalent alcohol liquefying agent is preferably the mixture of poly(oxyethylene glycol) 400 and glycerol, and blending ratio is 1:1 ~ 4:1, is preferably 4:1; Described an acidic catalyst is preferably the vitriol oil, the temperature preparing liquefied product is preferably 120 ~ 170 DEG C, reaction times is preferably 60 ~ 120min, described whipping agent is preferably water, described kicker and gel catalyst are preferably triethylene diamine and stannous octoate respectively, described suds-stabilizing agent is preferably water-soluble silicon oil, and described isocyanic ester is preferably polyphenyl polymethylene polyisocyanates.
In the preparation process in accordance with the present invention, polyvalent alcohol, as liquefying agent, finds in practice, if liquefying agent consumption is few, liquefaction of corn straw efficiency is low, and polycondensation side reaction is many, and liquefied product mobility is bad; If liquefying agent consumption is many, then reduce the utility value of stalk the like waste, too increase the cost of preparation polyurethane foam simultaneously.In the present invention, the liquefying agent adding 300 ~ 500 parts in the stalk powder of 100 parts is most suitable.
In the liquefaction process of rice straw, if the reaction times is not enough, then liquefaction of corn straw is incomplete; If long reaction time, then liquefaction component can be caused to re-start polycondensation, cause liquefied residue to increase; Liquefaction temperature is too low, and liquefaction reaction speed is low, length consuming time; But liquefaction temperature is too high, increasing of side reaction can be caused because reaction is fierce.Find to react 60 ~ 120 minutes better at 120 ~ 170 DEG C in the present invention's research.
In preparation polyurethane foam process, if foaming agent consumption is excessive, amino-complex productive rate is high, and this makes the reaction generating urea groups more easily carry out, and the generation of rigidity group makes foam structure thick, and foam wall membrane rigidity increases, and foam monolith becomes fragile.If foaming agent consumption is very few, foam structure is tiny, and foam density reduces, and foam monolith is hardening.In the present invention's research, find that foaming agent consumption is the most suitable at 1 ~ 20 part.
In preparation polyurethane foam process, if gel catalyst is excessive, foam premature gelation, cell wall film toughness is good, not easily breaks, and causes the phenomenon such as closed pore, contraction.If kicker is excessive, reaction is too fierce, and when gas occurs in a large number, foam wall film rupture, the channels and collaterals of abscess and skeleton do not have enough intensity to go to stop this breaking, and propagation in fracture will cause hollow, cracking even collapses bubble.In the present invention two kinds of catalyzer all add 1 ~ 3 part comparatively suitable.
In preparation polyurethane foam process, if suds-stabilizing agent consumption is very few, cell size is uneven, and foam stabilization weak effect, compressive strength is little.When suds-stabilizing agent consumption is excessive, the bubble diameter of foam is large, and inside, the top of foam may occur breach, have the phenomenon such as cavity, foam collapse.Add 1 ~ 5 part of suds-stabilizing agent in the present invention comparatively suitable.
In preparation polyurethane foam process, if isocyanate index is too low, react insufficient with water, blow weak, therefore density is larger; Meanwhile, owing to causing cross-linking density too low with alcohol underaction, therefore intensity is also lower, and causes barmy caving in.Isocyanate index is too high, and reaction process thermal discharge is excessive, makes foam inside occur burning core phenomenon, destroys the structure of foam, and increase the fragility of foam, cause the compressive strength of foam to decline.Isocyanate index is 1.0 ~ 1.5 comparatively suitable in the present invention.
Another technical purpose of the present invention is to provide the polyurethane foam adopting above-mentioned all methods to prepare, and its density is at 36 ~ 60kg/m
3in scope, tensile strength is within the scope of 72 ~ 163KPa, and compressive strength, within the scope of 21 ~ 60KPa, has reached the performance requriements of current industrial polyurethane foam.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
(1) the present invention directly prepares polyurethane foam with the rice straw that liquefies for raw material, by the liquefied product after rice straw process without the need to further process, be directly used in preparation polyurethane foam, production technique is simple, be easy to promote, the polyurethane foam of preparation is a kind of environmentally friendly macromolecular material newly, takes full advantage of discarded biomass resource simultaneously, again reduces the production cost of polyurethane foam;
(2) density of polyurethane foam products prepared of preparation method of the present invention is at 36 ~ 60kg/m
3in scope, tensile strength is within the scope of 72 ~ 163KPa, and compressive strength, within the scope of 21 ~ 60KPa, has reached the performance requriements of current industrial polyurethane foam.
Embodiment
Following non-limiting example can make the present invention of those of ordinary skill in the art's comprehend, but does not limit the present invention in any way.
Embodiment 1
Poly(oxyethylene glycol) 400 and glycerol are mixed in the ratio of 4:1, obtain polyvalent alcohol liquefying agent, 500 parts of liquefying agents and 9.8 parts of vitriol oils are mixed in there-necked flask, and constantly stirring is warming up to 160 DEG C, add 100 parts of stalk powders, isothermal reaction 90 minutes, is placed in cold water by there-necked flask after reaction terminates and cools rapidly, termination reaction; Get that 100 parts of liquefied product without any process add 2 parts of water, 1 part of triethylene diamine, 3 parts of stannous octoates and 4 parts of water-soluble silicon oils are stirred to and mix, then 190 parts of polyphenyl polymethylene polyisocyanates are added, rapid stirring a few second, pour free foaming in mould into, after question response, foam is put into 100 ± 2 DEG C of baking oven slakings 1 hour.Obtain the rice straw based polyurethanes foam of stable performance.
Polyurethane foam outward appearance: brown color foams
Technical indicator:
Density 36kg/m
3
Draw refreshing intensity 113.2KPa
Compressive strength 25.764KPa
Embodiment 2
Poly(oxyethylene glycol) 400 and glycerol are mixed in the ratio of 4:1, obtain polyvalent alcohol liquefying agent, 500 parts of liquefying agents and 5.7 parts of vitriol oils are mixed in there-necked flask, and constantly stirring is warming up to 140 DEG C, add 100 parts of stalk powders, isothermal reaction 120 minutes, is placed in cold water by there-necked flask after reaction terminates and cools rapidly, termination reaction; Get that 100 parts of liquefied product without any process add 2 parts of water, 1 part of triethylene diamine, 3 parts of dibutyl tin dilaurates and 4 parts of water-soluble silicon oils are stirred to and mix, then 190 parts of polyphenyl polymethylene polyisocyanates are added, rapid stirring a few second, pour free foaming in mould into, after question response, foam is put into 100 ± 2 DEG C of baking oven slakings 1 hour.Obtain the rice straw based polyurethanes foam of stable performance.
Polyurethane foam outward appearance: brown color foams
Technical indicator:
Density 38kg/m
3
Draw refreshing intensity 103.1KPa
Compressive strength 22.400KPa
Embodiment 3
Poly(oxyethylene glycol) 400 and glycerol are mixed in the ratio of 4:1, obtain polyvalent alcohol liquefying agent, by 500 parts of liquefying agents and 8.2 parts of vitriol oils, mix in there-necked flask, and constantly stirring is warming up to 100 DEG C, adds 100 parts of stalk powders, isothermal reaction 140 minutes, after reaction terminates, there-necked flask is placed in cold water to cool rapidly, termination reaction; Get that 100 parts of liquefied product without any process add 2 parts of water, 1 part of PC5,3 parts of PC8 and 4 part DC2525 are stirred to and mix, then 190 parts of polyphenyl polymethylene polyisocyanates are added, rapid stirring a few second, pour free foaming in mould into, after question response, foam is put into 100 ± 2 DEG C of baking oven slakings 1 hour.Obtain the rice straw based polyurethanes foam of stable performance.
Polyurethane foam outward appearance: brown color foams
Technical indicator:
Density 31kg/m
3
Draw refreshing intensity 110.5KPa
Compressive strength 28.336KPa.
Claims (10)
1. be the method that polyurethane foam directly prepared by raw material with rice straw, step is as follows:
Rice straw and polyvalent alcohol liquefying agent are mixed by weight the ratio being 1:3 ~ 1:5, an acidic catalyst is by 0.001 ~ 0.004molH
+the ratio of/g rice straw adds and stirs, and reacts 60 ~ 240min, obtain liquefied product at 120 ~ 190 DEG C; Liquefied product is mixed with whipping agent, kicker, gel catalyst and suds-stabilizing agent, then adds isocyanic ester, stir, pour mould into, foaming, slaking;
The part by weight of described liquefied product and whipping agent, kicker, gel catalyst, suds-stabilizing agent and isocyanic ester is:
Described rice straw is 30 ~ 80 object powder for being crushed to fineness;
Described polyvalent alcohol liquefying agent is selected from least one in poly(oxyethylene glycol) 400, glycerol or ethylene glycol;
Described an acidic catalyst is selected from the one in hydrochloric acid, the vitriol oil, phosphoric acid or oxalic acid;
Described whipping agent is selected from the one in water, chloro fluoroethane or Trichloromonofluoromethane;
Described kicker and gel catalyst are selected from the one in following combination: triethylene diamine and stannous octoate, triethylene diamine and dibutyl tin dilaurate, Dabco BL-11 and Dabco 33-LV, PC5 and PC8 or Dabco NE300 and Dabco NE1070;
Described suds-stabilizing agent is selected from the one of water-soluble silicon oil, Dabco DC6070 or Dabco DC2525;
Described isocyanic ester is selected from the one of tolylene diisocyanate, diphenylmethanediisocyanate or polyphenyl polymethylene polyisocyanates.
2. according to claim 1 is the method that polyurethane foam directly prepared by raw material with rice straw, it is characterized in that: described polyvalent alcohol liquefying agent is the mixture of poly(oxyethylene glycol) 400 and glycerol.
3. according to claim 2 is the method that polyurethane foam directly prepared by raw material with rice straw, it is characterized in that: the blending ratio scope of described poly(oxyethylene glycol) 400 and glycerol is 1:1 ~ 4:1.
4. according to claim 1 take rice straw as the method that polyurethane foam directly prepared by raw material, it is characterized in that: described an acidic catalyst is the vitriol oil.
5. according to claim 1 take rice straw as the method that polyurethane foam directly prepared by raw material, it is characterized in that: the mode temperature preparing liquefied product is 120 ~ 170 DEG C, and the reaction times is 60 ~ 120min.
6. according to claim 1 take rice straw as the method that polyurethane foam directly prepared by raw material, it is characterized in that: described whipping agent is water.
7. according to claim 1 take rice straw as the method that polyurethane foam directly prepared by raw material, it is characterized in that: described kicker and gel catalyst are respectively triethylene diamine and stannous octoate.
8. according to claim 1 take rice straw as the method that polyurethane foam directly prepared by raw material, it is characterized in that: described suds-stabilizing agent is water-soluble silicon oil.
9. according to claim 1 take rice straw as the method that polyurethane foam directly prepared by raw material, it is characterized in that: described isocyanic ester is polyphenyl polymethylene polyisocyanates.
10. polyurethane foam prepared by the method described in claim 1 ~ 9 any one claim.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410848678.5A CN104479101A (en) | 2014-12-31 | 2014-12-31 | Method for directly preparing polyurethane foam by adopting rice straw as raw material and prepared polyurethane foam |
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| CN201410848678.5A CN104479101A (en) | 2014-12-31 | 2014-12-31 | Method for directly preparing polyurethane foam by adopting rice straw as raw material and prepared polyurethane foam |
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| CN201410848678.5A Pending CN104479101A (en) | 2014-12-31 | 2014-12-31 | Method for directly preparing polyurethane foam by adopting rice straw as raw material and prepared polyurethane foam |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104892958A (en) * | 2015-05-14 | 2015-09-09 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Rice hull-based polyurethane adhesive containing rice husk-based polyhydric alcohols, and preparation method thereof |
| CN105482064A (en) * | 2015-12-08 | 2016-04-13 | 佛山市雅洁源科技股份有限公司 | Environmentally friendly nontoxic foam |
| CN107602789A (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2018-01-19 | 鹤山市杰之星五金实业有限公司 | A kind of plant polyatomic alcohol and its soft polyurethane foam containing plant polyatomic alcohol |
| CN110467718A (en) * | 2019-07-10 | 2019-11-19 | 厦门大学 | A kind of biomass-based buffering package foamed material and preparation method thereof |
| US10501588B2 (en) * | 2015-08-18 | 2019-12-10 | Jiangnan University | Grafting method for rice straw fiber modification |
| CN111607062A (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2020-09-01 | 叶正芬 | Biomass polyurethane foam material and preparation method thereof |
| CN113999361A (en) * | 2021-11-24 | 2022-02-01 | 浙江高裕家居科技股份有限公司 | Plant-based polyurethane material and preparation method thereof |
| CN114805732A (en) * | 2022-06-11 | 2022-07-29 | 朱睿萍 | Preparation method of biodegradable polyurethane foam material |
-
2014
- 2014-12-31 CN CN201410848678.5A patent/CN104479101A/en active Pending
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| 王体朋等: "发泡剂对玉米秸秆基聚氨酯泡沫性能影响", 《农业工程学报》 * |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104892958A (en) * | 2015-05-14 | 2015-09-09 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Rice hull-based polyurethane adhesive containing rice husk-based polyhydric alcohols, and preparation method thereof |
| CN104892958B (en) * | 2015-05-14 | 2017-06-30 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Rice husk based polyurethanes adhesive containing rice husk polylol and preparation method thereof |
| US10501588B2 (en) * | 2015-08-18 | 2019-12-10 | Jiangnan University | Grafting method for rice straw fiber modification |
| CN105482064A (en) * | 2015-12-08 | 2016-04-13 | 佛山市雅洁源科技股份有限公司 | Environmentally friendly nontoxic foam |
| CN107602789A (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2018-01-19 | 鹤山市杰之星五金实业有限公司 | A kind of plant polyatomic alcohol and its soft polyurethane foam containing plant polyatomic alcohol |
| CN110467718A (en) * | 2019-07-10 | 2019-11-19 | 厦门大学 | A kind of biomass-based buffering package foamed material and preparation method thereof |
| CN111607062A (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2020-09-01 | 叶正芬 | Biomass polyurethane foam material and preparation method thereof |
| CN111607062B (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2022-04-08 | 河南恒泰源新材料有限公司 | Biomass polyurethane foam material and preparation method thereof |
| CN113999361A (en) * | 2021-11-24 | 2022-02-01 | 浙江高裕家居科技股份有限公司 | Plant-based polyurethane material and preparation method thereof |
| CN114805732A (en) * | 2022-06-11 | 2022-07-29 | 朱睿萍 | Preparation method of biodegradable polyurethane foam material |
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