CN104469647B - A kind of calculating system and its measuring method of wideband array flow pattern - Google Patents
A kind of calculating system and its measuring method of wideband array flow pattern Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to array signal processing field, there is provided a kind of calculating system and its measuring method of wideband array flow pattern.The system and method meets the multifrequency bandwidth signal of the frequency resolution condition of DFT by construction, microphone array to be measured is tested, and obtain array manifold based on FFT.Relative to existing active class correcting mode, it can greatly shorten the measuring and calculating time.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to calculating system and its measuring and calculating in array signal processing field, more particularly to a kind of wideband array flow pattern
Method.
Background technology
Array manifold is the important parameter of microphone array, is all microphone arrays on director space interested
The set of row response vector, it directly affects array gain and antijamming capability, uniformity, array structure form with microphone
It is closely related with the key element such as use environment.The mathematic sign of array manifold can be defined as A (α, β, f) | (α ∈ Θ, β ∈ Φ, f
∈ Ω) }, Θ therein represents azimuthal scope of sound source opposing microphones array, and Φ represents sound source opposing microphones array
The angle of pitch scope.
Generally, directly directly determined according to the geometry site between each microphone in microphone array and processing frequency range
Array manifold be referred to as " ideal array flow pattern ", with the proviso that select the good microphone of the uniform width of directive property, consistent property,
And by optimization array structure, improve microphone position precision and avoiding and the measure such as block and eliminate adverse effect.In fact, by
The reasons such as design, production and installation in microphone array, there is mismatch in actual array flow pattern, with ideal array flow pattern if now
Using basis of the ideal array flow pattern as subsequent array signal transacting, then result is inaccurate, if for example, now using reason
Think that array manifold designs wave beam, the secondary lobe of actual beam can be caused to raise, main lobe distorts.Therefore, it is necessary to enter to array manifold
The active class correction of row, to calculate actual array flow pattern.
The active class correcting mode for wideband array flow pattern that prior art is provided can be according to angle and frequency one by one
Calculate the parameter of array manifold in arrowband.Typically measuring and calculating flow is：Sound source and the one by one list in broadcasting frequency sequence are set at a distance
Frequency signal, signal is received with microphone array to be measured, preserves waveform using data acquisition storage device again；Afterwards, will be to be measured
After microphone array turns an angle, aforementioned playout, reception and storing process are repeated, measurement is completed after traversal institute is angled
Process.Afterwards, the Wave data of storage is analyzed and processed, is specifically：Each passage that microphone array to be measured is received
The complex exponential signal of simple signal and same frequency carries out multiplying and calculates average value after cumulative, when signal frequency, sampling
The length of frequency and analytical sequence is met after certain condition, and the average value is exactly the actual wideband array flow pattern at respective frequencies
Parameter, so as to obtain actual wideband array flow pattern.
The foregoing active class correcting mode for wideband array flow pattern that prior art is provided is divided to Wave data
, it is necessary to which the parameter to dense frequencies point is calculated to obtain wideband array flow pattern one by one during analysis processing, the measuring and calculating time is long, it is impossible to
Meet the requirement of time efficiency.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the embodiment of the present invention is to provide a kind of calculating system of wideband array flow pattern, it is intended to solve prior art
For wideband array flow pattern active class correcting mode when being analyzed and processed to Wave data, it is necessary to dense frequencies point
Parameter is calculated to obtain wideband array flow pattern, the problem of measuring and calculating time is long one by one.
The embodiment of the present invention is achieved in that a kind of calculating system of wideband array flow pattern, and the system includes：
Sound source；
Turntable, the turntable is fixedly connected with microphone array to be measured；
Multichannel comprehensive acoustic analysis instrument, the sequence for generating bandwidth signal to be measured and sound source incident angle to be measured, and
The control of the turntable deflection angle is realized, afterwards under each sound source incident angle of the microphone array to be measured, control
The sound source plays broadband signal to be measured to terminating, and gathers the microphone array of the microphone array output to be measured in reproduction time
Column signal is simultaneously stored, if not gather first, then simultaneously according to microphone array column signal, the base stored under previous sound source incident angle
Corresponding array manifold is obtained in FFT, the bandwidth signal to be measured is formed by stacking by multiple simple signals,
The frequency of each simple signal is the integral multiple of the frequency resolution of DFT；
Power amplifier, for driving the sound source sounding after the bandwidth signal amplification to be measured.
The another object of the embodiment of the present invention is to provide a kind of calculating system of wideband array flow pattern as described above
Measuring method, the described method comprises the following steps：
Multichannel comprehensive acoustic analysis instrument generates the sequence of bandwidth signal to be measured and sound source incident angle to be measured, described to be measured
Bandwidth signal is formed by stacking by multiple simple signals, and the frequency of each simple signal is the frequency point of DFT
The integral multiple of resolution；
The multichannel comprehensive acoustic analysis instrument control turntable is rotated, to drive microphone array to be measured to current to be measured
Sound source incident angle；
The multichannel comprehensive acoustic analysis instrument control sound source plays the broadband signal to be measured to terminating, when collection is played
The microphone array column signal of the interior microphone array output to be measured is simultaneously stored, if not gather first, then simultaneously according to previous
The microphone array column signal that is stored under sound source incident angle, corresponding array manifold obtained based on FFT；
If the multichannel comprehensive acoustic analysis instrument judges, without the measurement for completing all sound source incident angles to be measured, to return
Return the multichannel comprehensive acoustic analysis instrument control turntable to rotate, to drive microphone array to be measured to current sound source to be measured to enter
The step of firing angle is spent, untill all measuring and calculating of sound source incident angle to be measured are completed.
The calculating system and its measuring method for the wideband array flow pattern that the embodiment of the present invention is proposed meet discrete by construction
The multifrequency bandwidth signal of the frequency resolution condition of Fourier transform, is tested microphone array to be measured, and based on quick
Fourier transform obtains array manifold.Relative to existing active class correcting mode, it can greatly shorten the measuring and calculating time.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure chart of the calculating system for the wideband array flow pattern that first embodiment of the invention is provided；
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of the measuring method of the calculating system for the wideband array flow pattern that second embodiment of the invention is provided；
Fig. 3 be second embodiment of the invention in, multichannel comprehensive acoustic analysis instrument generate the detailed stream of bandwidth signal to be measured
Cheng Tu；
Fig. 4 be second embodiment of the invention in, multichannel comprehensive acoustic analysis instrument generate the generation of bandwidth signal to be measured
Journey schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 be second embodiment of the invention in, multichannel comprehensive acoustic analysis instrument is based on FFT and obtains pair
The detail flowchart for the array manifold answered；
Fig. 6 be second embodiment of the invention in, multichannel comprehensive acoustic analysis instrument obtained based on FFT
The acquisition process schematic diagram of corresponding array manifold；
Fig. 7 is the flow chart of the measuring method of the calculating system for the wideband array flow pattern that third embodiment of the invention is provided；
Fig. 8 be third embodiment of the invention in, a kind of instance graph of signal to noise ratio and parameter measurement error relationship figure.
Embodiment
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, it is right below in conjunction with drawings and Examples
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, and
It is not used in the restriction present invention.
The problem of existing for the existing active class correcting mode for wideband array flow pattern, the present invention proposes a kind of width
Calculating system and its measuring method with array manifold.The measuring and calculating principle of the system and method is analyzed first：
Assuming that the microphone array being made up of M microphone receives the band positioned at azimuth angle alpha, angle of pitch β source emission
Bandwidth signals, each microphone is a passage, and m-th of passage is f to frequencyiFrequency signal amplitude response be Bm,i, m-th
Passage is f to frequencyiThe phase shift of frequency signal beThe wideband array flow pattern of measuring and calculating is needed for then defining：
Wherein, { A (α, β, fi)|(α∈Θ,β∈Φ,fi∈ Ω) } it is the wideband array flow pattern that need to be calculated, Θ expression sound
Azimuthal scope of source opposing microphones array, Φ represents the scope of the angle of pitch of sound source opposing microphones array, and Ω is represented
The scope of wideband frequency.
Sampled signal x after being changed to each passage through A/Dm(n) DFT, the sequence of Fourier transform are carried out
Points N is equal to 2 integral number power：
Ignore noise item under the conditions of high s/n ratio, it is provable as the frequency f of frequency signaliMeet fi=kfs/ N, k=0,
During 1 ..., N/2-1, then have：
Wherein, fsFor sample frequency.Due to fs/ N represents the frequency resolution of DFT, therefore, (3) formula into
Vertical condition can be expressed as again：The bandwidth signal that sound source is sent should be made up of the frequency signal for meeting frequency resolution integral multiple.
As can be seen here, for the array manifold of the formula of trying to achieve (1) form, the broadband signal of the condition of satisfaction need to first be built, and
Under one sound source incident angle of microphone array, the bandwidth signal is sent by sound source, while gathering each logical in microphone array
Signal that road is received and storage；Afterwards, FFT and divided by sequence of points are done to the signal of each passage of storage
Number, is obtained under each frequency such as the battle array of the array manifold of (3) formula form, the as respective frequencies in a certain sound source incident angle
Row flow pattern.Based on principles above analysis, the implementation of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to embodiment：
Fig. 1 shows the structure of the calculating system for the wideband array flow pattern that first embodiment of the invention is provided, for the ease of
Illustrate, illustrate only the part related to first embodiment of the invention.
The calculating system for the wideband array flow pattern that first embodiment of the invention is provided includes：Sound source 13；Turntable 12, turntable 12
It is fixedly connected with microphone array 11 to be measured；Multichannel comprehensive acoustic analysis instrument 14, the connection of multichannel comprehensive acoustic analysis instrument 14 is treated
Microphone array 11 and turntable 12, the sequence for generating bandwidth signal to be measured and sound source incident angle to be measured, and realization is surveyed to turn
The control of the deflection angle of platform 12, afterwards under each sound source incident angle of microphone array 11 to be measured, control sound source 13 is played
Broadband signal to be measured gathers the microphone array column signal that microphone array to be measured is exported in reproduction time and simultaneously stored to terminating, if
It is non-to gather first, then become simultaneously according to the microphone array column signal stored under previous sound source incident angle, based on fast Flourier
The corresponding array manifold of acquisition is changed, if gathering first, then this does not process and treated to gather next time again based on this collection
As a result handled, bandwidth signal to be measured therein is formed by stacking by multiple simple signals, and the frequency of each simple signal is equal
For the integral multiple of the frequency resolution of DFT；Power amplifier 15, it is comprehensive that power amplifier 15 is connected to multichannel
Between chorus credit analyzer 14 and sound source 13, for driving the sounding of sound source 13 after treating the amplification of measuring tape bandwidth signals.
In order to check the monitoring of results of measuring and realization to system, the wideband array flow pattern that first embodiment of the invention is provided
Calculating system may also include：Main control computer 16, main control computer 16 can be real by internet or other communications
Now with the connection of multichannel comprehensive acoustic analysis instrument 14, it can be achieved to monitor the Local or Remote of system.
In order to farthest suppress in influence of noise, first embodiment of the invention, sound source 13, turntable 12 are to be measured transaudient
Device array 11 can be placed in anechoic room or semianechoic room.
Wherein, multichannel comprehensive acoustic analysis instrument 14 can adjust sound source incident direction by controlling the deflection angle of turntable 12
With the angle of microphone array reference direction to be measured, realize that sound source incident direction is incident in the range of 0 °~360 ° of level.Certainly,
In practice, turntable 12 can also use 3D turntables, and sound source can be achieved by controlling 3D turntables in multichannel comprehensive acoustic analysis instrument 14
While incident direction is incident in the range of 0 °~360 ° of level, but it is incident in the range of 0 °~90 ° of pitching.Biography to be measured therein
Sound device array reference direction is user-defined 0 ° of direction, is 0 ° to the north of level is usual.Pitching is generally using level as 0 °.Also may be used
With User Defined.
Second embodiment of the invention proposes a kind of measuring method of the calculating system of foregoing wideband array flow pattern,
As shown in Fig. 2 comprising the following steps：
S11：Multichannel comprehensive acoustic analysis instrument generates the sequence of bandwidth signal to be measured and sound source incident angle to be measured.Its
In, the sequence of sound source incident angle to be measured is made up of the different sound source incident angles (α, β) to be measured that need to be calculated.
Further, as shown in figure 3, multichannel comprehensive acoustic analysis instrument may include the step of generating bandwidth signal to be measured again
Following steps：
S111：Multichannel comprehensive acoustic analysis instrument determines Minimum sample rate according to bandwidth to be measured.If for example, treating measuring tape
A width of BL~BH, it is determined that Minimum sample rate fsMeet fs>2BH。
S112：Multichannel comprehensive acoustic analysis instrument constructs simple signal group.Simple signal group therein includes multiple single-frequency
Signal, the frequency of each simple signal is different and is the integral multiple of the frequency resolution of DFT, i other words, it is single
The frequency f of frequency signaliMeet：fi=kfs/ N, k=0,1 ..., N/2-1.
S113：Each simple signal in simple signal group is superimposed by multichannel comprehensive acoustic analysis instrument, obtains bandwidth letter to be measured
Number.
Step S111 to step S113 process can intuitively be represented that W therein is constructed bandwidth to be measured by Fig. 4
Signal.
S12：Multichannel comprehensive acoustic analysis instrument control turntable is rotated, to drive microphone array to be measured to current to be measured
Sound source incident angle, such as (α1,β1)。
S13：Multichannel comprehensive acoustic analysis instrument control sound source plays broadband signal to be measured to terminating, and gathers in reproduction time
The microphone array column signal of microphone array output to be measured is simultaneously stored, if not gather first, then it is simultaneously incident according to previous sound source
The microphone array column signal that is stored under angle, corresponding array manifold obtained based on FFT, if gathering first,
Then this is not processed and treats to gather next time and is handled again based on this collection result.
Further, as shown in figure 5, according to the microphone array column signal stored under previous sound source incident angle, based on fast
The step of fast Fourier transform obtains corresponding array manifold may include following steps again：
S131：Multichannel comprehensive acoustic analysis instrument in the microphone array column signal that is stored under previous sound source incident angle,
The signal of each microphone channel carry out respectively FFT and divided by FFT sequence points, obtain one
Intermediary matrix.The intermediary matrix includes under previous sound source incident angle, and each microphone channel is under each simple signal
Operation result.
S132：Multichannel comprehensive acoustic analysis instrument takes the numerical value of each frequency correspondence position, obtained in intermediary matrix
The array manifold of respective frequencies during correspondence sound source incident angle.
For example, position k=0,1 ..., N/2-1 numerical value represent be frequency be fi=kfs/ N simple signal is corresponding
The parameter of array manifold.
Step S131 and step S132 process can intuitively represent by Fig. 6, x thereinm(n) represent that array signal m leads to
The signal sequence in road,Represent after plural modulus divided by sequence length, arg (Xm(k)) represent to take plural phase angle.Institute
With m channel frequences fiArray manifold parameter beOr be expressed equivalently as
S14：Multichannel comprehensive acoustic analysis instrument judges whether to complete the measurement of all sound source incident angles to be measured, is to tie
Beam, otherwise return to step S12, takes next sound source incident angle to be measured in the sequence of sound source incident angle to be measured as current
Sound source incident angle to be measured.So repeatedly, until all sound sources to be measured are incident in the sequence of completion sound source incident angle to be measured
Untill the measuring and calculating of angle.
Third embodiment of the invention proposes a kind of measuring method of the calculating system of foregoing wideband array flow pattern,
From unlike second embodiment, 3rd embodiment after step s 14, if multichannel comprehensive acoustic analysis instrument judges to complete complete
The measurement of portion's sound source incident angle to be measured, then further comprises the step of calculating to array manifold precision.As shown in fig. 7, should
The step of calculating to array manifold precision comprises the following steps again：
S15：Multichannel comprehensive acoustic analysis instrument control sound source plays broadband signal to be measured, while with 10 sampling rate data
Length analysis calculates sound pressure level frequency spectrum.
S16：Multichannel comprehensive acoustic analysis instrument by the sound pressure level of each frequency signal in sound pressure level frequency spectrum subtract near noise
Level as respective frequencies signal to noise ratio.
In third embodiment of the invention, when in step S15, single carries out sound pressure level using 10 sampling rate data lengths
During spectrum analysis, the resolution ratio of the sound pressure level frequency spectrum of acquisition can be smaller, reaches 0.1Hz.So as to intuitively obtain each frequency
While the sound pressure level size of rate signal, the sound pressure level for obtaining the frequency for nearby having small frequency difference of each frequency signal is big
It is small.Then by the noise level of frequency near this, approximately as original noise level at respective frequencies signal frequency.
S17：Signal to noise ratio and parameter measurement error relationship figure that the retrieval of multichannel comprehensive acoustic analysis instrument prestores, obtain corresponding
The corresponding array manifold precision of signal to noise ratio.The signal to noise ratio is with parameter measurement error relationship figure to show signal to noise ratio, array manifold
Corresponding relation in the worst error of middle amplitude Estimation, array manifold between the worst error of phase angular estimation, as shown in Figure 8.
In summary, the calculating system and its measuring method of wideband array flow pattern proposed by the present invention by construction meet from
The multifrequency bandwidth signal of the frequency resolution condition of Fourier transform is dissipated, microphone array to be measured is tested, and based on fast
Fast Fourier transform obtains array manifold.Relative to existing active class correcting mode, it can greatly shorten the measuring and calculating time.To treat measuring tape
A width of 250-350Hz frequency ranges, frequency interval 1Hz, sound source incident direction horizontal angular range be 0 °~360 ° levels, 2 ° of step-length,
Pitching is fixed as exemplified by 0 ° of array manifold, when sample frequency is 4096Hz, is needed using existing typical source class correcting mode
Want valid data duration 5.05 hours, and using needed for the calculating system and its measuring method of the wideband array flow pattern of the present invention
A length of 0.05 hour during valid data.In addition, on the basis of array manifold is drawn, it is also proposed that a kind of to array manifold precision
Measuring method, this method improves the resolution ratio of sound pressure level frequency spectrum by long-time signal accumulation, so as to directly obtain frequency letter
Intensity number with adjacent frequency noise, and it is approximate as signal to noise ratio, afterwards by indexing signal to noise ratio and parameter measurement error
Graph of a relation, it is determined that the array manifold precision obtained when this, empirical tests, this method is no more than to the phase estimation error of array manifold
0.5 °, amplitude Estimation error be no more than 1%.
Can be with one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that realizing that all or part of step in above-described embodiment method is
Control the hardware of correlation to complete by program, described program can in a computer read/write memory medium is stored in,
Described storage medium, such as ROM/RAM, disk, CD.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all essences in the present invention
Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within refreshing and principle etc., should be included in the scope of the protection.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of calculating system of wideband array flow pattern, it is characterised in that the system includes：
Sound source；
Turntable, the turntable is fixedly connected with microphone array to be measured；
Multichannel comprehensive acoustic analysis instrument, for generating the sequence of bandwidth signal to be measured and sound source incident angle to be measured, and is realized
The control of the turntable deflection angle, afterwards under each sound source incident angle of the microphone array to be measured, control is described
Sound source plays broadband signal to be measured to terminating, and gathers the microphone array letter of the microphone array output to be measured in reproduction time
Number and store, if not gather first, then simultaneously in the microphone array column signal that is stored under previous sound source incident angle, it is each transaudient
The signal of device passage carry out respectively FFT and divided by FFT sequence points, obtain a middle square
Battle array, in the intermediary matrix, takes the numerical value of each frequency correspondence position, obtains the correspondence frequency in correspondence sound source incident angle
The array manifold of rate, the bandwidth signal to be measured is formed by stacking by multiple simple signals, and the frequency of each simple signal is
The integral multiple of the frequency resolution of DFT；
Power amplifier, for driving the sound source sounding after the bandwidth signal amplification to be measured.
2. the calculating system of wideband array flow pattern as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the system also includes：
Main control computer, the main control computer is connected by internet with the multichannel comprehensive acoustic analysis instrument.
3. the calculating system of wideband array flow pattern as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the sound source, turntable, biography to be measured
Sound device array is placed in anechoic room or semianechoic room.
4. the calculating system of wideband array flow pattern as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the turntable is 3D turntables.
5. a kind of measuring method of the calculating system of wideband array flow pattern as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the side
Method comprises the following steps：
Multichannel comprehensive acoustic analysis instrument generates the sequence of bandwidth signal to be measured and sound source incident angle to be measured, the bandwidth to be measured
Signal is formed by stacking by multiple simple signals, and the frequency of each simple signal is the frequency resolution of DFT
Integral multiple；
The multichannel comprehensive acoustic analysis instrument control turntable is rotated, to drive microphone array to be measured to current sound source to be measured
Incident angle；
The multichannel comprehensive acoustic analysis instrument control sound source plays the broadband signal to be measured to terminating, and gathers in reproduction time
The microphone array column signal of the microphone array output to be measured is simultaneously stored, if not gather first, then simultaneously according to previous sound source
The microphone array column signal that is stored under incident angle, corresponding array manifold obtained based on FFT；
If the multichannel comprehensive acoustic analysis instrument judges, without the measurement for completing all sound source incident angles to be measured, to return to institute
The rotation of multichannel comprehensive acoustic analysis instrument control turntable is stated, to drive microphone array to be measured to current sound source incidence angle to be measured
The step of spending, untill all measuring and calculating of sound source incident angle to be measured are completed.
6. the measuring method of the calculating system of wideband array flow pattern as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that the multichannel
The step of composite sound credit analyzer generates bandwidth signal to be measured comprises the following steps again：
Multichannel comprehensive acoustic analysis instrument determines Minimum sample rate according to bandwidth to be measured；
The multichannel comprehensive acoustic analysis instrument constructs simple signal group, and the simple signal group includes multiple simple signals, often
The frequency of one simple signal is different and is the integral multiple of the frequency resolution of DFT；
Each simple signal in the simple signal group is superimposed by the multichannel comprehensive acoustic analysis instrument, obtains the bandwidth to be measured
Signal.
7. the measuring method of the calculating system of wideband array flow pattern as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that before the basis
The microphone array column signal that is stored under one sound source incident angle, the step for obtaining based on FFT corresponding array manifold
It is rapid to comprise the following steps again：
The multichannel comprehensive acoustic analysis instrument in the microphone array column signal that is stored under previous sound source incident angle, it is each transaudient
The signal of device passage carry out respectively FFT and divided by FFT sequence points, obtain a middle square
Battle array；
The multichannel comprehensive acoustic analysis instrument takes the numerical value of each frequency correspondence position, obtained in the intermediary matrix
The array manifold of respective frequencies during correspondence sound source incident angle.
8. the measuring method of the calculating system of wideband array flow pattern as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that the multichannel
If composite sound credit analyzer judges to complete the measurement of all sound source incident angles to be measured, methods described is further comprising the steps of：
The multichannel comprehensive acoustic analysis instrument control sound source plays broadband signal to be measured, while with 10 sampling rate data lengths
Analysis calculates sound pressure level frequency spectrum；
The multichannel comprehensive acoustic analysis instrument by the sound pressure level of each frequency signal in the sound pressure level frequency spectrum subtract near noise
Level as respective frequencies signal to noise ratio；
Signal to noise ratio and parameter measurement error relationship figure that the multichannel comprehensive acoustic analysis instrument retrieval prestores, obtain corresponding noise
Than corresponding array manifold precision, the signal to noise ratio is with parameter measurement error relationship figure to show in signal to noise ratio, array manifold
Corresponding relation in the worst error of amplitude Estimation, array manifold between the worst error of phase angular estimation.
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