CN1044688C - Anion and cation mixing surfactant - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an anion and cation mixing surface active agent, particularly to a surface active agent comprising the anions of CxH<2X+1>-(OC2H4)nOSO3M and the cations of CyH<2y+1>-N(R3)3X1, which meets the following relational expression: n>[(X+y)/2]-6 (in the relational expression, M is the cations, X is at least 8, y is at least 8, X1 is halogen, and R3 is an alkyl group or an alcohol group or a heterocycle group.) The anions and the cations have no precipitation or layer after the anions and the cations are mixed in a water phase according to an arbitrary ratio, and the anions and the cations are in homogeneous phase solution. The surface activity of the anions and the cations can be greatly enhanced, and the functional complementation of the anions and the cations can be achieved. Therefore, the present invention has wide application prospect in the fields of shampoo, foam baths, foam extinguishers, mist inhibitors in an electroplating process, etc.

Description

Anion and cation mixing surfactant

The present invention relates to a kind of yin, yang ionic surface active agent mixing and do not produce the surfactant of precipitation or layering at aqueous phase.Belong to chemical technology field.

For a long time, the employed surfactant of people is anion surfactant, cationic surfactant, or non-ionic surface active agent etc.Anion surfactant has good decontamination, performance such as wetting, and cationic surfactant has good sterilization, absorption, opsonizing capacity.A.Packer, and M.Donbrow1963 (J.pharm.pharma.col, 15, studies show that P317), the yin, yang ionic surface active agent mixes, and will improve its surface-active greatly, and reach having complementary functions of the two.But, A.M.Schwortz, J.schwortz, (chapter 6, Interscience, New york at " Surface active agents " for J.W.Perry, 1949) point out in the literary composition, the yin, yang ionic surface active agent is inconsistent, when they meet in the aqueous solution, will lose surface-active because of precipitation.For many years, domestic and international many experts, scholar have carried out a large amount of research for this reason, but fail to solve the consistency problem of yin, yang ion in the aqueous solution so far, and can only carry out in the past at CMC.

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of yin, yang ionic surface active agent is mixed and do not precipitate or layering and can improve its surface-active yin, yang ion mixed surfactant greatly.

The present invention is achieved in that

Anion and cation mixing surfactant of the present invention contains C _xH _2x+1-(OC ₂H ₄) _nOSO ₃M anion and C _yH _2y+1-N (R ₃) ₃X ₁Cationic surfactant

In the formula: X ₁Be halogen; R ₃Be alkyl or alcohol radical or heterocyclic group;

M is a cation; X 〉=8 y 〉=8 $n>\frac{x+y}{2}-6$ 。Production stage of the present invention is as follows:

1. at first, by general industrial method synthetic anion surface active agent, chemical formula is: R ₁-(OC ₂H ₄) _nOSO ₃M

In the formula: R _iBe alkyl chain C _xH _2x+1Or C ₈H ₁₇C ₆H ₄-

M is K ⁺, Na ⁺, Li ⁺, NH ₄ ⁺Or H ⁺Deng cation

And, when synthetic, make X 〉=8

2. then, press general industrial method synthesizing cationic surfactant again, chemical formula is: R ₂-N (R ₃) ₃X ₁

In the formula: R ₂Be alkyl chain C _yH _2y+1-

R ₃Be alkyl such as methyl, ethyl, propyl group or butyl, or alcohol radical such as ethanol based, or heterocyclic group such as pyridine ring.X ₁Be halogen: Cl ^-, Br ^-Or I ^-Deng

And when synthetic, make y 〉=8

3. last, select suitable synthetic in advance C _xH _2x+1-(OC ₂H ₄) _nOSO ₃M anion surfactant and C _yH _2y+1-N (R ₃) ₃X _iCationic surfactant, and make the two satisfy relational expression n＞[(X+Y)/2]-6 does not precipitate or the yin, yang ion mixed surfactant of layering at aqueous phase with composite promptly the obtaining of arbitrary proportion then.

The invention has the advantages that owing to the yin, yang ionic surface active agent being mixed mutually and not precipitating or layering, this can not only make having complementary functions of the two, promptly have sterilization, absorption, the opsonizing capacity of decontamination, wetability and the cationic surfactant of anion surfactant concurrently, and improved surface-active greatly, reach general surfactant surface-active several times to hundreds of times (the multiple difference that different system surface-active increases), characteristics such as it is strong also to have foamability simultaneously, and steady bubble is strong, surface tension is low.Wait studies show that in " The effects ofoxyethylene and methylene groups on the interaction betweenanionic and cationic surfactants " (Colloid and surface V.64P185,1992) literary composition: C as this case inventor ₈H ₁₇(OC ₂H ₄) ₃OSO ₃Na-C ₆H ₁₇NC ₅H ₅The surperficial adsorption capacity of Cl (1: 1) compares C ₈H ₁₇C ₅H ₃2.4 times of the surperficial high adsorption capacities of Cl compare C ₈H ₁₇(OC ₂H ₄) ₃OSO ₃2.3 times of the surperficial high adsorption capacities of Na; C ₈H ₁₇(OC ₂H ₄) ₃OSO ₃Na-C ₈H ₁₇N (CH ₃) ₃The foamability of Cl compares C ₈H ₁₇(OC ₂H ₄) ₃OSO ₃Na is strong 2 times, compares C ₈H ₁₇N (CH ₃) ₃Cl is strong 3 times, and the stability of foam compares C ₈H ₁₇(OC ₂H ₄) ₃OSO ₃Na is strong 50 times, compares C ₈H ₁₇N (CH ₃) ₃Cl is strong 120 times.And for example invention waits in " physicochemical properties of anion and cation mixing surfactant system " (Acta PhySico-Chimica Sinica V.8, P191,1992) literary composition and points out: C ₆H ₁₇C ₆H ₄(OC ₂H ₄) ₁₀OSO ₃NH ₄-C ₁₆H ₃₃N (CH ₃) ₃The surface-active of Br (1: 1) compares C ₈H ₁₇C ₆H ₄(OC ₂H ₄) ₁₀OSO ₃NH ₄Surface-active strong 20 times, compare C ₆H ₃₃N (CH ₃) ₃Br is strong 12 times.Their another studies show that simultaneously: C ₁₂H ₂₅(OC ₂H ₄) ₇OSO ₃K-C ₁₂H ₂₅N (C ₂H ₄OH) ₃Compare C the foam life of Cl (1: 1) ₁₂H ₂₅(OC ₂H ₄) ₇OSO ₃K is strong 30 times, compares C ₁₂H ₂₃N (C ₂H ₄OH) ₃Cl is strong 50 times.These advantages make its shampoo, bubble bath, foam fire-fighting, plating press down field such as mist and have broad application prospects.

Introduce embodiment below:

Embodiment 1:

Drawing together property of zwitterion blending surface of the present invention agent contains C _xH _2x+1-(OC ₂H ₄) _nOSO ₃M anion and C _yH _2y+1-N (R ₃) ₃X ₁Cationic surfactant

In the formula: X ₁Be halogen;

R ₃Be alkyl or alcohol radical or heterocyclic group; M is a cation; X 〉=8 y 〉=8 $n>\frac{x+y}{2}-6$ 。

Embodiment 2:

Anion and cation mixing surfactant of the present invention contains C _xH _2x+1-(OC ₂H ₄) _nOSO ₃M anion and C _yH _2y+1-N (R ₃) ₃X ₁Cationic surfactant

In the formula: X ₁Be halogen, as Cl ^-, Br ^-Or I ^-

R ₃Be alkyl, as methyl, ethyl, propyl group or butyl;

M is a cation; As K ⁺, Na ⁺, Li ⁺, NH ₄ ⁺Or H ⁺

X≥8?y≥8 $n>\frac{x+y}{2}-6$ 。

Embodiment 3:

Anion and cation mixing surfactant of the present invention contains C _xH _2x+1-(OC ₂H ₄) _nOSO ₃M anion and C _yH _2y+1-N (R ₃) ₃X ₁Cationic surfactant

In the formula: X ₁Be halogen, as Cl ^-, Br ^-Or I ^-

R ₃Be alcohol radical, as ethanol based;

M is a cation; As K ⁺, Na ⁺, Li ⁺, NH ₄ ⁺Or H ⁺

X≥8?y≥8 $n>\frac{x+y}{2}-6$ 。

Embodiment 4:

Anion and cation mixing surfactant of the present invention contains C _xH _2x+1-(OC ₂H ₄) _nOSO ₃M anion and C _yH _2y+1-N (R ₃) ₃X ₁The agent of drawing together property of cationic surface

In the formula: X ₁Be halogen, as Cl ^-, Br ^-Or I ^-

R ₃Be heterocyclic radical, as pyridine ring;

M is a cation; As K ⁺, Na ⁺, Li ⁺, NH ₄ ⁺Or H ⁺

X≥8?y≥8 $n>\frac{x+y}{2}-6$ 。

Embodiment 5:

At first, press the synthetic C of general industry method ₁₂H ₂₅(OC ₂H ₄) ₇OSO ₃The Na anion surfactant, and then according to the synthetic C of general industrial method ₁₂H ₂₅N (CH ₃) ₃The Br cationic surfactant cooperates the two at last with any ratio, promptly get yin, yang ion mixture table two activating agents.It is a homogeneous phase solution.

Embodiment 6:

Press the synthetic C of method of embodiment 5 ₈H ₁₇(OC ₂H ₄) ₃OSO ₃Na anion surfactant and C ₈H ₁₇NC ₅H ₅The Cl cationic surfactant cooperates the two with arbitrary proportion, promptly get yin, yang ion mixed surfactant.It is a homogeneous phase solution.

Embodiment 7:

Press the synthetic C of method of embodiment 5 ₈H ₁₇C ₆H ₄(OC ₂H ₄) ₁₀OSO ₃NH ₄Anion surfactant and C ₁₆H ₃₃N (CH ₃) ₃The Br cationic surfactant promptly gets yin, yang ion mixed surfactant with any than cooperating with the two, is a homogeneous phase solution.

Embodiment 8:

Press the synthetic C of method of embodiment 5 ₁₂H ₂₅(OC ₂H ₄) ₇OSO ₃K anion surfactant and C ₁₂H ₂₅N (C ₂H ₄OH) ₃The Cl cationic surfactant cooperates the two with arbitrary proportion, promptly get the agent of drawing together property of yin, yang ion blending surface, is a homogeneous phase solution.

Claims (3)

1, a kind of anion and cation mixing surfactant is characterized in that: contain C _xH _2x+1(OC ₂H ₄) _nOSO ₃M anion and C _yH _2y+1N (R ₃) ₃X ₁Cationic surfactant

In the formula: X ₁Be CL ^-Or I ^-

R ₃Be alkyl or alcohol radical

M is Li ⁺, NH ₄ ⁺, H ⁺Or K ⁺

X≥8 Y≥8 $n>\frac{X+Y}{2}-6$ 。

2, mixed surfactant according to claim 1 is characterized in that: R ₃Be methyl, ethyl, propyl group or butyl.

3, mixed surfactant according to claim 1 is characterized in that: R ₃Be ethanol based.