CN104467838A - Microwave phase modulation locking atomic clock - Google Patents
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Abstract
A microwave phase modulation locking atomic clock comprises a controlled crystal oscillator, a frequency doubling synthesizer, a modulation oscillator, a timing sequence generator, a quantum system, a data acquisition processor and a proportion integration difference controller, and is characterized in that the modulation oscillator is a microwave phase modulation oscillator. The microwave frequency of the atomic clock is not changed, so that the transition signal to noise ratio of the atomic clock is improved, and then the frequency stability of the atomic clock is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to microwave atomic clock, particularly a kind of microwave phase modulation locking atomic clock.
Background technology
The developing history of atomic clock can be traced back to before and after World War II the earliest.It mainly has benefited from the fast development of quantum mechanics and microwave spectroscopy at that time.Early stage microwave clock uses incoherent light source to do pumping light and detection light, and thereafter along with the development of laser, Laser Coherent and detection method are applied to atomic clock research, to obtaining better effect.Rb atom frequency marking because short-term stability is high, compact and portable feature and be widely used.Existing pulsed light pumping atomic frequency standard adopts three-level structure, as shown in Figure 1.Such as, when atomic clock uses
87during Rb atomic medium, utilize the technology (sepavated oscillatory field technique) that laser 01 and microwave induced transition 02 separate in time.First utilize laser 01 by energy level 03 (| 5S
1/2, F=2>) on atom find time, atomic gas just no longer absorbing laser 01.At this moment add microwave Ramsey effect (two microwave pulses separated in time), make atom energy level 03 and energy level 04 (| 5S
1/2, F=1>) between there is magnetic dipole transition, the pumping effect sequential 05 of laser 01, microwave action sequential 06, carries out the detection of laser absorption method after microwave action is complete, obtain the information that clock transition occurs.Transition process makes a part of atom be pumped on energy level 03, causes the change of atomic population on energy level 03, and the atomic population on energy level 03 changes along with the change of microwave frequency off resonance, thus carries Ramsey striped.If microwave frequency and clock jump frequency exact resonance, then the signal that obtains of positive and negative off resonance is equal, and error signal is zero.Once microwave frequency off-resonance place a little, then the clock transition signal that obtains of positive and negative off resonance is unequal, does difference and can obtain error signal, and it can as the feedback signal of locking local crystal vibration.
The structure loop block diagram of existing non-self-excitation type sepavated oscillatory field technique atomic clock as shown in Figure 2.Its principle be controlled crystal oscillator 1 as initialize signal source, provide standard frequency to export by the first output and the second output provides to encourage and outputs to the first input end of frequency multiplication synthesizer 2.The input of modulating oscillator 3 is connected with the output of timing sequencer 4, and accept sequencing control and carry out positive and negative frequency hopping, timing sequencer 4 carries out positive frequency hopping in front half period, in rear half period, carry out negative frequency hopping.Modulating oscillator 3 is input to signal by output the second input of frequency multiplication synthesizer 2, the pumping signal provided with the second output of controlled crystal oscillator 1 is again modulated in frequency multiplication synthesizer 2, thus make excitation jump frequency in atomic transition frequency, have a little positive and negative frequency hopping, and export from the output of frequency multiplication synthesizer 2 and enter into quantized system 5.If when the transition core frequency of itself of the frequency of the pumping signal that the output of frequency multiplication synthesizer 2 exports and quantized system 5 is unequal, different signal strength signal intensities is obtained after quantized system 5, in one-period, twice signal is all outputted to the input of data collection processor 6 by the output of quantized system 5, the signal that twice obtains by data collection processor 6 does difference and obtains error signal, outputs to the input of proportional plus integral plus derivative controller 7 from output.Proportional plus integral plus derivative controller 7, by being outputted to the input of controlled crystal oscillator 1 after signal transacting by output, to adjust its frequency, makes it equal with transition core frequency.When controlled crystal oscillator 1 coincide with transition core frequency, data collection processor 6 no longer provides error signal, and controlled crystal oscillator 1 keeps stable.
Described quantized system 5 produces the process of correction voltage as shown in Figure 3.The fringe area place, center of the Ramsey curve of quantized system, when the centre frequency of the pumping signal that the frequency of controlled crystal oscillator 1 exports through the output of frequency multiplication synthesizer 2 is equal with the transition core frequency of of quantized system 5 itself, also when namely microwave frequency is in abscissa 11 place, again through the positive and negative frequency hopping of modulating oscillator 3, when positive frequency hopping, microwave frequency is in abscissa 12 place, inquire after through a Ramsey microwave, the clock transition signal obtained is in ordinate 14 place, during negative frequency hopping, microwave frequency is in abscissa 13 place, inquire after through Ramsey microwave, the clock transition signal size obtained is in ordinate 14 place, both equal and opposite in directions, the error signal produced is zero.When the frequency of controlled crystal oscillator 1 leaves centre frequency, after frequency multiplication synthesizer 2, suppose that its frequency leaves the centre frequency of atom to the right, be in abscissa 15 place, during positive frequency hopping, microwave frequency is in 16 places, inquires after through Ramsey microwave, and the clock transition signal size utilizing laser acquisition to obtain is in ordinate 17 place; During negative frequency hopping, microwave frequency is in 18 places, inquire after through Ramsey microwave, the clock transition signal size utilizing laser acquisition to obtain is in ordinate 19 place, the signal at the signal at 17 places and 19 places is obtained after data collection processor 6 makes difference the error signal born, process after amplification through proportional plus integral plus derivative controller 7, feed back to controlled crystal oscillator 1, its frequency is reduced.Similarly, when microwave frequency leaves the centre frequency of atom left, quantized system 5 provides positive feedback voltage makes its frequency get back to center, to ensure the stability of controlled crystal oscillator 1.
Clock transition signal depends on microwave and atomic interaction, and this effect is carried out in microwave cavity, and thus any factor having influence on microwave and atom action intensity all can have an impact to the performance of atomic clock.Such as, micro-wave frequency, when the positive and negative off resonance of microwave frequency is equal, microwave is equal with the action intensity of atom in theory, but because the resonance centre of microwave cavity and the core frequency of atom may not be strictly equal, thus its stiffness of coupling may be different, also namely produce chamber phase shift; Another reason be the speed component velocity of atom can produce different off resonances make microwave relatively its centre frequency partially hold, the action intensity of theoretic positive and negative off resonance is no longer equal, thus affects clock transition signal, and then affects atomic clock performance.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of microwave phase modulation to lock atomic clock, this atomic clock does not have microwave frequency off resonance, contributes to improving clock transition signal to noise ratio, improves the frequency stability of atomic clock.
Technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of microwave phase modulation locking atomic clock, its formation comprises controlled crystal oscillator, frequency multiplication synthesizer, modulating oscillator, timing sequencer, quantized system, data collection processor and proportional plus integral plus derivative controller, it is characterized in that described modulating oscillator is microwave phase modulation oscillator, the input of described controlled crystal oscillator is connected with the output of described proportional plus integral plus derivative controller, described controlled crystal oscillator first output provides standard frequency to export, and described controlled crystal oscillator second output is connected with the first input end of described frequency multiplication synthesizer, the first input end of described frequency multiplication synthesizer is connected with the second output of described controlled crystal oscillator, and the second input of described frequency multiplication synthesizer is connected with the output of described modulating oscillator, the input of described modulating oscillator is connected with the output of described timing sequencer, the output of described modulating oscillator is connected with described frequency multiplication synthesizer second input, the output of described frequency multiplication synthesizer is connected with the input of described quantized system, described quantized system output is connected with the input of described data collection processor, and described data collection processor output is connected with the input of described proportional plus integral plus derivative controller, the output of described proportional plus integral plus derivative controller is connected with the input of described controlled crystal oscillator, described timing sequencer makes described microwave phase modulation oscillator export the phase place of modulation signal to the microwave signal that described frequency multiplication synthesizer exports modulate by 0 ° ~+θ ~ 0 ° ~-θ phase place change in one-period, modulate later microwave signal and atomic interaction, the absorption process of laser is utilized to detect, at microwave and atomic resonance place, microwave phase+θ modulates the signal that obtains and microwave phase-θ and modulates the signal obtained and do after difference through described data collection processor collection and obtain error signal, this error signal inputs described controlled crystal oscillator again after described proportional plus integral plus derivative controller process, the frequency of described controlled crystal oscillator is made to obtain stability contorting, the absolute value of the excursion of described θ is 10 ° ~ 90 °.
The absolute value of described θ is 90 °.
Technique effect of the present invention is as follows:
First be keep constant with the microwave frequency of atom effect, the centre frequency of microwave and atom resonates always, thus can eliminate microwave resonance spectral line asymmetric, eliminates the impact of atomic velocity distribution.
Secondly, described timing sequencer (4) is by 0 ° ~+θ ~ 0 ° ~-θ change in one-period, and the absolute value of the excursion of described θ is 10 ° ~ 90 °.
Again, the centre frequency of microwave and atom resonates always, does not have frequency detuning, thus microwave and the effective Rabi frequency of atom effect little, contribute to improving clock transition signal to noise ratio.Can improve the stability of controlled crystal oscillator, be also the frequency stability of atomic clock.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is three-level structure and the microwave pulse frequency change schematic diagram of existing optical pumping atomic frequency standard
Fig. 2 is the loop block diagram of existing atomic clock
Fig. 3 is that the quantized system 4 of existing atomic clock produces error signal schematic diagram
Fig. 4 is the microwave pulse phase place change schematic diagram of three-level structure and effect
Fig. 5 produces error signal schematic diagram by the quantized system 4 of microwave phase modulation locking atomic clock
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described, but should not limit the scope of the invention with this.
First refer to Fig. 2, Fig. 2 is the loop block diagram of atomic clock.As seen from the figure, the formation of microwave phase modulation locking atomic clock of the present invention comprises controlled crystal oscillator 1, frequency multiplication synthesizer 2, microwave phase modulation oscillator 3, timing sequencer 4, quantized system 5, data collection processor 6 and proportional plus integral plus derivative controller 7, the annexation of above-mentioned parts is as follows:
Described controlled crystal oscillator 1 is as initialize signal source, be made up of an input and two outputs, the input of described controlled crystal oscillator 1 is connected with the output of described proportional plus integral plus derivative controller 8, accept direct current correction voltage, described controlled crystal oscillator 1 first output provides standard frequency to export, second output provides excitation to export, and is connected with described frequency multiplication synthesizer 2 first input end.Described frequency multiplication synthesizer 2 has two inputs and an output, described frequency multiplication synthesizer 2 first input end is connected with described controlled crystal oscillator 1 second output, and the second input of described frequency multiplication synthesizer 2 is connected with the output of described microwave phase modulation oscillator 3.The output of described frequency multiplication synthesizer 2 is connected with the input of described quantized system 5.Described microwave phase modulation oscillator 3 has an input and an output, and the input of described microwave phase modulation oscillator 3 is connected with the output of described timing sequencer 4.The output of described microwave phase modulation oscillator 3 is connected with the second input of described frequency multiplication synthesizer 2.The output of described timing sequencer 4 is connected with the input of described microwave phase modulation oscillator 3.Described quantized system 5 has an input and an output, and the input of described quantized system 5 is connected with the output of described frequency multiplication synthesizer 2, and the output of described quantized system 5 is connected with the input of described data collection processor 6.Described data collection processor 6 has an input and an output, the input of described data collection processor 6 is connected with the output of described quantized system 5, and the output of described data collection processor 6 is connected with the input of described proportional plus integral plus derivative controller 7.Described proportional plus integral plus derivative controller 7 has an input and an output, and the input of described proportional plus integral plus derivative controller 7 is connected with the output of described data collection processor 6.The output of described proportional plus integral plus derivative controller 7 is connected with the input of described controlled crystal oscillator 1.
Described quantized system 5 produces the process of error signal as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5.
1. utilize laser 01 by energy level 03 (| 5S
1/2, F=2>) atom on is found time, close laser 01, at this moment microwave 02 is added, first act on the first microwave pulse, its phase place is 0 °, after first microwave pulse is finished, close microwave 02, atom freely develops, after the free evolution time, act on the second microwave pulse, now the phase place of second microwave pulse changed by described microwave phase modulation oscillator 3, be+θ ° with the phase of the first microwave pulse, after second microwave pulse is finished, the laser 01 of the quantized system described in recycling 5 li carries out absorption process detection, detect clock transition probability on energy level 03, obtain the information that clock transition occurs, output to described data collection processor 6.Now relative to atom, be equivalent to its Ramsey striped relative to 0 ° ~ 0 ° (two microwave pulse phase places are all 0 °) there occurs forward and move, and moves to 22 places corresponding to Ramsey striped in Fig. 5 by 21;
2., after last clock transition has detected, proceed laser 01 pumping, by energy level 03 (| 5S
1/2, F=2>) atom on is found time, close laser 01, at this moment microwave 02 is added, first act on the first microwave pulse, its phase place is decided to be 0 °, after first microwave pulse is finished, close microwave 02, atom freely develops, after the free evolution time, act on the second microwave pulse, now the phase place of the second microwave pulse changed by described microwave phase modulation oscillator 3, with the phase-θ of the first microwave pulse, after the second microwave pulse is finished, the laser 01 of the quantized system described in recycling 5 li carries out the detection of clock transition probability on energy level 03, obtain the information that clock transition occurs, output to described data collection processor 6.Now relative to atom, be equivalent to its Ramsey striped (situation of microwave pulse 0 °-0 ° effect) and there occurs reverse movement, move to 23 places corresponding to Ramsey striped in Fig. 5 by 21;
3. the sequential chart of laser 01 is 05, and microwave sequential chart and microwave phase sequential chart are 06.When microwave frequency and atomic transition resonate, also namely its frequency is in abscissa 24 place, the signal magnitude being acted on the clock transition obtained by two kinds of microwave pulse phase places: 0 ° ~+θ and 0 ° ~-θ is all in ordinate 25, and the error signal now obtained after described data collection processor 6 is zero.
4. when micro-wave frequency is due to external disturbance, when leaving atomic transition resonance point, such as microwave frequency departs to the right, be in abscissa 26 place, the signal magnitude being acted on the clock transition obtained by two kinds of microwave pulse phase places: 0 ° ~+θ and 0 ° ~-θ corresponds respectively to ordinate 28 and 27 in Fig. 5, now do difference by described data collection processor 6 and obtain error signal, after being amplified by described proportional plus integral plus derivative controller 7 again, be added on described controlled crystal oscillator 1, the frequency of described controlled crystal oscillator 1 is made to get back to centre frequency place, and then the frequency of locking atomic clock.The frequency of getting back to the controlled crystal oscillator of centre frequency overlaps with atomic spectral line after frequency multiplication, no longer produces error signal, until perturbation next time makes it be moved.
5. when micro-wave frequency is due to external disturbance, when leaving atomic transition resonance point, when such as microwave frequency departs from left, the signal of the clock transition obtained is acted on by two kinds of microwave pulse phase places: 0 ° ~+θ and 0 ° ~-θ, do difference by described data collection processor 6 and obtain error signal, after being amplified by described proportional plus integral plus derivative controller 7, be added on described controlled crystal oscillator 1, the frequency of described controlled crystal oscillator 1 is made to get back to centre frequency place, and then the frequency of locking atomic clock.The frequency of getting back to the controlled crystal oscillator of centre frequency overlaps with atomic spectral line after frequency multiplication, no longer produces error signal, until perturbation next time makes it be moved.
6. in one-period, described microwave phase modulation oscillator 3 accepts the sequencing control of described timing sequencer 4, the phase place of microwave pulse is made to be changed to 0 ° ~+θ ° ~ 0 ° ~-θ °, correspond respectively to previous Ramsey and inquire after the atomic time, first microwave pulse phase place is 0 °, and second microwave pulse phase place is+θ; A rear Ramsey inquires after the atomic time, and first microwave pulse phase place is 0 °, and second microwave pulse phase place is-θ.Loop cycle like this.
Experiment shows that atomic clock microwave frequency of the present invention is constant, improves atomic clock transition signal to noise ratio, and then improves the frequency stability of atomic clock.
Claims (2)
1. a microwave phase modulation locking atomic clock, its formation comprises controlled crystal oscillator (1), frequency multiplication synthesizer (2), modulating oscillator (3), timing sequencer (4), quantized system (5), data collection processor (6) and proportional plus integral plus derivative controller (7), it is characterized in that described modulating oscillator (3) is microwave phase modulation oscillator, the input of described controlled crystal oscillator (1) is connected with the output of described proportional plus integral plus derivative controller (7), described controlled crystal oscillator (1) first output provides standard frequency to export, described controlled crystal oscillator (1) second output is connected with the first input end of described frequency multiplication synthesizer (2), the first input end of described frequency multiplication synthesizer (2) is connected with the second output of described controlled crystal oscillator (1), and the second input of described frequency multiplication synthesizer (2) is connected with the output of described modulating oscillator (3), the input of described modulating oscillator (3) is connected with the output of described timing sequencer (4), the output of described modulating oscillator (3) is connected with described frequency multiplication synthesizer (2) second input, the output of described frequency multiplication synthesizer (2) is connected with the input of described quantized system (5), described quantized system (5) output is connected with the input of described data collection processor (6), and described data collection processor (6) output is connected with the input of described proportional plus integral plus derivative controller (7), the output of described proportional plus integral plus derivative controller (7) is connected with the input of described controlled crystal oscillator (1), described timing sequencer (4) makes described microwave phase modulation oscillator export the phase place of modulation signal to the microwave signal that described frequency multiplication synthesizer (2) exports modulate by 0 ° ~+θ ~ 0 ° ~-θ phase place change in one-period, modulate later microwave signal and atomic interaction, the absorption process of laser is utilized to detect, at microwave and atomic resonance place, microwave phase+θ modulate the signal that obtains and microwave phase-θ modulate the signal that obtains through described data collection processor (6) gather do difference after obtain error signal, the controlled crystal oscillator (1) of this error signal again after the process of described proportional plus integral plus derivative controller (7) described in input, the frequency of described controlled crystal oscillator (1) is made to obtain stability contorting, the absolute value of the excursion of described θ is 10 ° ~ 90 °.
2. microwave phase modulation locking atomic clock according to claim 1, is characterized in that the absolute value of described θ is 90 °.
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| CN107493102A (en) * | 2017-09-18 | 2017-12-19 | 周渭 | A kind of new method to the processing of passive-type atomic clock digitalized locked phase |
| CN110784217A (en) * | 2019-10-11 | 2020-02-11 | 浙江法拉第激光科技有限公司 | Cesium microwave atomic clock based on microwave-optical frequency modulation transfer technology and implementation method |
| CN111884653A (en) * | 2020-06-08 | 2020-11-03 | 北京无线电计量测试研究所 | Device and method for stabilizing microwave cavity frequency of integrating sphere cold atomic clock |
| CN112987543A (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2021-06-18 | 湖北师范大学 | Precise frequency spectrum reference method based on atomic ground state hyperfine structure reference and atomic clock |
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| CN110784217A (en) * | 2019-10-11 | 2020-02-11 | 浙江法拉第激光科技有限公司 | Cesium microwave atomic clock based on microwave-optical frequency modulation transfer technology and implementation method |
| CN111884653A (en) * | 2020-06-08 | 2020-11-03 | 北京无线电计量测试研究所 | Device and method for stabilizing microwave cavity frequency of integrating sphere cold atomic clock |
| CN111884653B (en) * | 2020-06-08 | 2022-06-24 | 北京无线电计量测试研究所 | Device and method for stabilizing microwave cavity frequency of integrating sphere cold atomic clock |
| CN112987543A (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2021-06-18 | 湖北师范大学 | Precise frequency spectrum reference method based on atomic ground state hyperfine structure reference and atomic clock |
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