CN104461689B - Power system frequency modulation controllable electric automobile Number dynamics change modeling method based on Monte Carlo - Google Patents
Power system frequency modulation controllable electric automobile Number dynamics change modeling method based on Monte Carlo Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of power system frequency modulation controllable electric automobile Number dynamics change modeling method based on Monte Carlo, belong to electric automobile and its access electric power network technique field.This method is comprised the following steps：Step one：Initialization electric automobile relevant parameter；Step 2：Judge electric automobile classification, determine the entry/exit controllable state timetable of all electric automobiles respectively according to different classifications；Step 3：Statistical analysis timetable, obtain each moment in region enters controllable state electric automobile quantity N'in(ti) and go out controllable state electric automobile quantity N'out(ti)；Step 4：Calculate the accumulative vehicle number of entry/exit controllable state；Step 5：Calculate the quantity of controllable electric automobile.This method can be good at calculating the quantity of controllable electric automobile in region, the Number dynamics change that all kinds of controllable electric automobiles participate in system frequency modulation is calculated, meanwhile, fill up the blank of the technical field, for further investigation electric automobile participates in system frequency modulation, solid theoretical foundation has been established.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to electric automobile and its access electric power network technique field, it is related to a kind of power system based on Monte Carlo
Frequency modulation controllable electric automobile Number dynamics change modeling method.
Background technology
Electric automobile and power network interaction (Vehicle-to-Grid, V2G) technology, refer to electric automobile under slave mode,
Realize a kind of new technique of the two-way exchange with electric network information and energy.The technology it is emphasised that batteries of electric automobile except from
Outside power network energy absorption, the energy content of battery power network can be fed back to when necessary.V2G systems are collection power electronics, communication, adjust
In the high-end comprehensive application system of one, what it embodied is electric automobile to numerous technologies such as degree, metering and workload demand side management
The energy storage effect of battery.Using V2G technologies, electric automobile can be made to provide various assistant services to power network, such as：Peak load shifting,
Frequency adjustment, spinning reserve etc..
Only when electric automobile is in controllable state, electric automobile could provide frequency adjustment assistant service to power network,
I.e. electric automobile participates in power system frequency modulation.Therefore, when studying certain period electric automobile participation frequency modulation, it is necessary to be somebody's turn to do first
The situation of change of controllable electric automobile quantity in the range of period, could further study how electric automobile participates in system frequency modulation,
And its influence to whole region power system frequency.
At present, the controllable electric automobile number change research to participating in system frequency modulation in certain period is more rare.It is external
The electric automobile of some countries actual operation of existing certain scale, can obtain the actual number that part electric automobile accesses power network quantity
According to, and then estimate the controllable electric automobile number change of participation system frequency modulation.And it is domestic, electric automobile is still pushed away in initial stage market
Wide stage, the quantity of electric automobile is very limited, lacks real data and is supported as research, and the domestic electric automobile that is directed to participates in system
The research of system frequency modulation is actually rare, lacks the algorithm research of the controllable electric automobile number change of participation system frequency modulation.
Therefore, one kind is badly in need of at present can rationally be estimated to the change of power system frequency modulation controllable electric automobile Number dynamics
The method of meter.
The content of the invention
In view of this, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of power system frequency modulation controllable electric vapour based on Monte Carlo
Car Number dynamics change modeling method, the method by using monte carlo method come the operation feelings of stochastic simulation electric automobile
The quantity of controllable electric automobile in condition, and then statistical regions.
To reach above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides following technical scheme：
A kind of power system frequency modulation controllable electric automobile Number dynamics change modeling method based on Monte Carlo, including with
Lower step：
Step one：Initialization electric automobile relevant parameter；
Step 2：Judge electric automobile classification, the entry/exit for determining all electric automobiles respectively according to different classifications can
Control state timetable；
Step 3：Statistical analysis timetable, obtain each moment in region enters controllable state electric automobile quantity N 'in
(ti) and go out controllable state electric automobile quantity N'out(ti)；
Step 4：Calculate the accumulative vehicle number of entry/exit controllable state；
Step 5：Calculate the quantity of controllable electric automobile.
Further, in step 2, electric automobile classification can be divided into electric bus, electronic officer's car, electronic private savings
Car；Wherein：
Electric bus and electronic officer's car obtain entry/exit controllable state timetable as follows：
1) determine that electric automobile accesses the moment of power network；
2) initial SOC is extracted；
3) charging duration is calculated；
4) calculate into the controllable state moment；
5) the controllable state moment is determined；
6) the entry/exit controllable state timetable of electric bus and electronic officer's car is obtained；
Electronic private car obtains entry/exit controllable state timetable as follows：
1) determine to access the affiliated period at power network moment；
2) extract and access the power network moment；
3) initial SOC is extracted；
4) charging duration is calculated；
5) calculate into the controllable state moment；
6) the affiliated period at controllable state moment is determined；
7) the controllable state moment is extracted；
8) the entry/exit controllable state timetable of electronic private car is obtained.
Further, in step 2, statistical analysis is carried out to data using monte carlo method, obtains all electricity in region
The entry/exit controllable state timetable of electrical automobile.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are：The invention provides a kind of power system frequency modulation controllable electric based on Monte Carlo
Electrical automobile Number dynamics change modeling method, can be good at calculating the quantity of controllable electric automobile in region, calculate
All kinds of controllable electric automobiles participate in the Number dynamics change of system frequency modulation, meanwhile, the blank of the technical field has been filled up, it is deep
Research electric automobile participates in system frequency modulation, has established solid theoretical foundation.
Brief description of the drawings
In order that the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect are clearer, the present invention provides drawings described below and carries out
Explanation：
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of the method for the invention；
Fig. 2 is the state transition diagram of electric automobile；
Fig. 3 is the number change situation of controllable electric automobile.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail.
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of the method for the invention, as illustrated, this method is comprised the following steps：Step one：Just
Beginningization electric automobile relevant parameter；Step 2：Judge electric automobile classification, determined respectively according to different classifications all electronic
The entry/exit controllable state timetable of automobile；Step 3：Statistical analysis timetable, obtain each moment in region enters controllable shape
State electric automobile quantity N 'in(ti) and go out controllable state electric automobile quantity N'out(ti)；Step 4：Calculate the controllable shape of entry/exit
The accumulative vehicle number of state；Step 5：Calculate the quantity of controllable electric automobile.
Wherein, in step 2, statistical analysis is carried out to data using monte carlo method, obtains all electronic in region
The entry/exit controllable state timetable of automobile.Electric automobile classification can be divided into electric bus, electronic officer's car, electronic private savings
Car；Electric bus and electronic officer's car obtain entry/exit controllable state timetable as follows：1) determine that electric automobile connects
Enter the moment of power network；2) initial SOC is extracted；3) charging duration is calculated；4) calculate into the controllable state moment；5) determine
Go out the controllable state moment；6) the entry/exit controllable state timetable of electric bus and electronic officer's car is obtained；Electronic private car leads to
Cross following steps and obtain entry/exit controllable state timetable：1) determine to access the affiliated period at power network moment；2) when extracting access power network
Carve；3) initial SOC is extracted；4) charging duration is calculated；5) calculate into the controllable state moment；6) controllable state is determined
The affiliated period at moment；7) the controllable state moment is extracted；8) the entry/exit controllable state timetable of electronic private car is obtained.
In order to fully be illustrated this method, now the state status of electric automobile are carried out as described below：
As shown in Fig. 2 generally, compared to parked car quantity on various parking sites, the automobile quantity on the way travelling
It is few.Equally, the future largely popularized in electric automobile, such situation is similar.Electric automobile in the future can be
The various parking sites such as work unit parking lot, residential area parking lot, commercial entertainment area parking lot, efficiently and easily lead to
Cross attaching plug and access power network.
Electronic vehicle attitude includes transport condition, charged state, controllable state and idle condition.Electric automobile is constantly at this
Changed between 4 states.
Transport condition：
Car owner extracts electric car power supply plug for the demand for driving so that electric automobile departs from power network.Electronic vapour
Car switchs to transport condition by idle condition or controllable state (thus state is produced, and belongs to controllable state).
Charged state：
After car owner arrives at, insertion electric car power supply plug charges for battery, and electric automobile accesses power network immediately.
The electric automobile shorter for accessing power grid time, its state switchs to charged state by transport condition immediately；For accessing power network
Time electric automobile more long, only accesses initial charged value SOC during power network0Be less than during into controllable state enter it is controllable charged
Value SOCm, its state just charged state is switched to by transport condition.Additionally, the electric automobile in controllable state is due to participating in system
Frequency modulation, may cause its SOC too low, then electric automobile can switch to charged state (this situation falls within out can by controllable state
Control state), to ensure that electric automobile before transport condition is entered, possesses enough SOC, as shown in phantom in Figure 2.It may be noted that
, the electric automobile in charged state is unable to response system fm control signal.
Controllable state：
If the time that electric automobile accesses power network is shorter, then its DeGrain for participating in system frequency modulation.Therefore, for
Power grid time electric automobile more long is accessed, if SOC0＜ SOCm, treat that its charging makes battery SOC rise to SOCmWhen, electronic vapour
Car switchs to controllable state by charged state；If SOC0≥SOCm, after electric automobile accesses power network, charged state is can skip, by going
Sail state and directly switch to controllable state.Both the above situation is belonged into controllable state.Only it is in the electronic vapour of controllable state
Car, ability response system fm control signal, so as to provide frequency modulation service to power network.
With the fluctuation of system frequency, in electric automobile participates in frequency-modulating process, its battery will in time discharge and recharge, with sound
System fm control signal is answered, so as to cause battery SOC to produce fluctuation.To prevent battery from overcharging, can limit the SOC upper limits as
SOCmax.Equally, to avoid battery over-discharge, it is SOC that can limit SOC lower limitsmin.Limiting SOC lower limits SOCminWhen, if examining
Consider the randomness of electric automobile main time of using cars and the requirement to vehicle continuation of the journey, then SOCminValue is larger；If not considering above-mentioned
Factor, only for avoiding battery over-discharge, then SOCminValue is smaller.The fluctuation range of batteries of electric automobile SOC is in (SOCmin,
SOCmax) between.
Above-mentioned SOCmCan be calculated by formula (1).
Idle condition：
For switching to the electric automobile of charged state by controllable state, and the shorter electric automobile of power grid time is accessed,
After the completion of its charging plan, idle condition is switched to by charged state.
Only it is in the electric automobile of controllable state, ability response system fm control signal, so as to participate in power system
Frequency modulation.Therefore, it is necessary to initially set up the dynamic change simulation algorithm model of controllable electric automobile quantity.The a certain moment in region
Controllable electric automobile quantity, depending on the electric automobile quantity for controllable state being carved into when this He go out controllable state.In the time
In the range of, with the change of each electric automobile controllable state, controllable electric automobile quantity will show dynamic change in region
Process.The change of controllable state is studied, the traveling rule that must just combine electric automobile is divided with State Transferring characteristic
Analysis.
The present invention is using monte carlo method come the ruuning situation of stochastic simulation electric automobile：
If initial time is t0, electric automobile accesses the power network moment for t in region1, according to foregoing electric automobile controllable state
Partial analysis, if a length of T during charging electric vehicle2, it can thus be concluded that electric automobile enters controllable state moment t3For：
t3=t1+T2 (2)
Due to SOC0With SOCmRelative size, according to two kinds of situation analysis for entering controllable state, T can be drawn2Calculating formula
For：
In formula, EevIt is the single battery capacity of electric automobile, PevIt is the single charge power of electric automobile, ηevTo charge
Efficiency.
Go out controllable state moment t for electric automobile4.From it is foregoing go out controllable state partial analysis, if electronic vapour
Car is to switch to transport condition by controllable state, then t4It is exactly that electric automobile departs from the power network moment, namely car owner's trip of driving is opened
Begin the moment.Now, t4Obey probability distribution.It is electronic in order to extend if electric automobile is to switch to charged state by controllable state
Automobile participates in the time of frequency modulation, can use fast charge mode, within the short period entered before transport condition, battery is improved rapidly
SOC, to meet the requirement with SOC higher when electric automobile sets out.After considering time margin, maximum fills duration soon can be set to one
Definite value.Once the traveling of electric automobile is set out the moment (depart from the power network moment) determining, subtract maximum and fill duration, t soon4Can be really
It is fixed.
Using the access power network moment t of monte carlo method random sampling electric automobile1, it is initial charged during access power network
Value SOC0With go out controllable state moment t4, the entry/exit controllable state of each electric automobile is constantly simulated, finally give institute in region
There is the entry/exit controllable state timetable of electric automobile.
Statistical analysis is carried out by electric automobile entry/exit controllable state timetable, each moment in region can be obtained
Enter controllable state electric automobile quantity N 'in(ti) and go out controllable state electric automobile quantity N'out(ti), by formula (4) and formula
(5) the accumulative electric automobile quantity N that t enters controllable state can be calculatedin(t) and the accumulative electric automobile for going out controllable state
Quantity Nout(t)。
Additionally, setting t0The initial controllable electric automobile quantity at moment is N0.Then, the controllable electric automobile quantity N of tc
T () is as shown in formula (6).
Nc(t)=N0+Nin(t)-Nout(t) (6)
The State Transferring characteristic of traveling rule and electric automobile according to all kinds of electric automobiles, with reference to controllable electric automobile number
The dynamic change analogy method of amount, it may be determined that or assume that the parameter of all kinds of electric automobiles participation system frequency modulation is as described below.
1) bus.Electric bus are only just more long in night access power grid time, can just enter controllable state and participate in adjusting
Frequently.Electric bus night has stopped transport, and in the absence of the stochastic problems of time of using cars, therefore may be assumed that SOCminIt is 0.1.So, electricity
Electric bus participate in frequency modulation, and to may result in SOC too low, and it goes out controllable state should switch to the charged state (side of filling soon by controllable state
Formula).After meter and time margin, it is assumed that a length of 1h when maximum is filled soon.Additionally, for the consideration of administrative convenience, public transport company can be with
The access power network moment t of all electric bus in unified arrangement region1It is 23：00, depart from power network moment (i.e. electric bus
Operation start time) it is second day morning 5：30.
2) officer's car.The situation of electronic officer's car is similar with electric bus.Thus, it is supposed that the SOC of electronic officer's carmin
It is 0.1, a length of 1h when maximum is filled soon accesses power network moment t1It is 18：00, the disengaging power network moment is second day early morning 7：00.
3) taxi.Electric taxi whole day most of time is basic all in normal operating condition (i.e. transport condition),
That is, in 24 hours one day, it is shorter that electric taxi accesses power grid time.Therefore, electric taxi is not suitable for participating in
System frequency modulation.
4) private car.Storage period of the electronic private car in work unit and residential area parking lot is more long, and (i.e. access is electric
The net time is more long), the storage period in commercial entertainment area parking lot is shorter.Its access on weekdays power grid time it is more long when
Section, is extremely to be come off duty the departure time after reaching work unit car owner's morning, and got home the time to next day after next or amusement and recreation
Before morning working is set out.Assuming that it is 10% that car owner After Hours goes the ratio of amusement and recreation on weekdays.
For electronic private car, in addition to it travels rule, it should also be taken into account that the stochastic problems of car owner's time of using cars,
And the requirement to vehicle continuation of the journey, then SOCminIt is larger, it is assumed that SOCminIt is 0.6.Then, electronic private car go out controllable state be by
Controllable state switchs to transport condition.
In sum, electronic private car accesses power network moment t18：00—9：(it is assumed that t between 001Obedience is uniformly distributed,
That is t1~U (8,9)), and 17：30—19：(car owner After Hours directly drives to go home, and does not go amusement and recreation between 00.It is assumed that
t1Obedience is uniformly distributed, i.e. t1~U (17.5,19)), or 21：00—22：(car owner After Hours goes leisure to give pleasure to immediately between 30
It is happy, do not drive to go home immediately.It is assumed that t1Obedience is uniformly distributed, i.e. t1~U (21,22.5)).When electronic private car departs from power network
Quarter (is controllable state moment t4) 7：30—8：(it is assumed that t between 304Obedience is uniformly distributed, i.e. t4~U (7.5,8.5)), with
And 17：00—18：(it is assumed that t between 304Obedience is uniformly distributed, i.e. t4~U (17,18.5)).
Apart from the above parameters, the other parameters of all kinds of electric automobiles are as shown in table 1.
The parameter of all kinds of electric automobiles of table 1
By the controllable electric automobile Population number dynamic imitation algorithm of the foregoing participation power system frequency modulation based on Monte Carlo, can be with
The Number dynamics change that simulation calculates all kinds of controllable electric automobiles participation system frequency modulation is as shown in Figure 3.
Finally illustrate, preferred embodiment above is merely illustrative of the technical solution of the present invention and unrestricted, although logical
Cross above preferred embodiment to be described in detail the present invention, it is to be understood by those skilled in the art that can be
Various changes are made to it in form and in details, without departing from claims of the present invention limited range.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of power system frequency modulation controllable electric automobile Number dynamics change modeling method based on Monte Carlo, its feature exists
In：Comprise the following steps：
Step one：Initialization electric automobile relevant parameter；
Step 2：Judge electric automobile classification, the controllable shape of the entry/exit of all electric automobiles is determined according to different classifications respectively
State timetable；Controllable state refers to：The electric automobile more long for accessing power grid time, if SOC0＜ SOCm, treat that its charging makes
Battery SOC rises to SOCmWhen, electric automobile switchs to controllable state by charged state；If SOC0≥SOCm, electric automobile access
After power network, charged state is can skip, controllable state is directly switched to by transport condition；SOC0It is initial charged value, SOCmIt is controllable to enter
Enter controllable charged value during state；
Step 3：Statistical analysis timetable, obtain each moment in region enters controllable state electric automobile quantity Ni'n(ti) and
Go out controllable state electric automobile quantity No'ut(ti)；
Step 4：Calculate the accumulative vehicle number of entry/exit controllable state；
Step 5：Calculate the quantity of controllable electric automobile；Controllable electric automobile refers into controllable state and the electricity for going out controllable state
Electrical automobile；
In step 2, statistical analysis is carried out to data using monte carlo method, obtain the entering of all electric automobiles in region/
Go out controllable state timetable.
2. a kind of power system frequency modulation controllable electric automobile Number dynamics based on Monte Carlo according to claim 1 become
Change analogy method, it is characterised in that：In step 2, electric automobile classification can be divided into electric bus, electronic officer's car, electricity
Dynamic private car；Wherein：
Electric bus and electronic officer's car obtain entry/exit controllable state timetable as follows：
1) determine that electric automobile accesses the moment of power network；
2) initial SOC is extracted；
3) charging duration is calculated；
4) calculate into the controllable state moment；
5) the controllable state moment is determined；
6) the entry/exit controllable state timetable of electric bus and electronic officer's car is obtained；
Electronic private car obtains entry/exit controllable state timetable as follows：
1) determine to access the affiliated period at power network moment；
2) extract and access the power network moment；
3) initial SOC is extracted；
4) charging duration is calculated；
5) calculate into the controllable state moment；
6) the affiliated period at controllable state moment is determined；
7) the controllable state moment is extracted；
8) the entry/exit controllable state timetable of electronic private car is obtained.
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| CN103605079A (en) * | 2013-11-20 | 2014-02-26 | 浙江工业大学 | Electrical vehicle and V2G available capacity evaluating method for echelon-used cell cluster |
| CN103840457A (en) * | 2014-03-20 | 2014-06-04 | 上海电力学院 | DG optimal configuration method taking influences of electric automobile charge and discharge into consideration in power distribution network |
| CN103996078A (en) * | 2014-05-29 | 2014-08-20 | 重庆大学 | Charging and discharging optimization control method for electric vehicle cluster |
| CN104078978A (en) * | 2014-07-02 | 2014-10-01 | 江苏大学 | Electric vehicle grid connection primary frequency modulation control method for smart power grid |
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| US9396462B2 (en) * | 2008-12-22 | 2016-07-19 | General Electric Company | System and method for roaming billing for electric vehicles |
| TWI479772B (en) * | 2013-02-21 | 2015-04-01 | 台達電子工業股份有限公司 | Charging system for electric vehicle and charging method thereof |
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| CN103605079A (en) * | 2013-11-20 | 2014-02-26 | 浙江工业大学 | Electrical vehicle and V2G available capacity evaluating method for echelon-used cell cluster |
| CN103840457A (en) * | 2014-03-20 | 2014-06-04 | 上海电力学院 | DG optimal configuration method taking influences of electric automobile charge and discharge into consideration in power distribution network |
| CN103996078A (en) * | 2014-05-29 | 2014-08-20 | 重庆大学 | Charging and discharging optimization control method for electric vehicle cluster |
| CN104078978A (en) * | 2014-07-02 | 2014-10-01 | 江苏大学 | Electric vehicle grid connection primary frequency modulation control method for smart power grid |
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