CN104458513A - Device for measuring 3D size and distribution of micro particles - Google Patents
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- 238000002050 diffraction method Methods 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及一种光学测量系统，特别涉及微小颗粒的3D尺寸及分布测量。 The invention relates to an optical measurement system, in particular to 3D size and distribution measurement of tiny particles.
背景技术 Background technique
利用光学法测量微小颗粒的相关物理量因具有不接触样品的优点已得到广泛应用，其测量方法有散射法、衍射法、透射法、图像法等。 The use of optical methods to measure the relevant physical quantities of tiny particles has been widely used due to the advantage of not contacting the sample. The measurement methods include scattering methods, diffraction methods, transmission methods, and image methods.
专利文献CN1664501A、CN102834689A、US2011310386A1、CN102564928A、US007528959B2、JP2007298327A、WO8904472A1等公开了利用散射法测量颗粒大小及分布的一些装置。文献CN101802589A 通过衍射法测量粒子大小。文献CN202119698U则利用透射法实现了对细胞颗粒的计数。文献CN102834689A采用图像法测量颗粒大小、空间位置及亮度。文献CN20103491A基于图像法测量颗粒大小、数量及浓度分布。而文献CN102692364A则基于模糊图像处理的动态颗粒测量空间位置及大小。 Patent documents CN1664501A, CN102834689A, US2011310386A1, CN102564928A, US007528959B2, JP2007298327A, WO8904472A1, etc. disclose some devices for measuring particle size and distribution by scattering method. The document CN101802589A measures particle size by diffraction method. The document CN202119698U realizes the counting of cell particles by the transmission method. Document CN102834689A adopts an image method to measure particle size, spatial position and brightness. Document CN20103491A measures particle size, number and concentration distribution based on an image method. The document CN102692364A measures the spatial position and size of dynamic particles based on fuzzy image processing.
上述专利文献公开了测量颗粒大小及分布的一些装置，由于颗粒一般非球形，所以这种大小通常是指颗粒的等效体积球直径值或Stoke直径或面积体积直径d32，但无论是哪种直径都不能反映颗粒的三维尺寸大小。关于非球形颗粒的检测，文献CN102323191A 、WO8904472A1、CN102519850A公开了一些检测方法，但这些文献也仅仅检测了颗粒的形状率，即长宽比，不能给出颗粒的三维尺寸。至于传统的非自动化的显微镜或电子显微镜的观察方法可以检测颗粒的二维图像，从而测量颗粒的二维尺寸，但也不能得到颗粒的三维尺寸。为此，本发明旨在提供一种微小颗粒三维尺寸及其分布的测量装置。 The above-mentioned patent documents disclose some devices for measuring particle size and distribution. Since particles are generally non-spherical, this size usually refers to the equivalent volume spherical diameter value or Stoke diameter or area volume diameter d 32 of the particle, but no matter which Neither diameter can reflect the three-dimensional size of particles. Regarding the detection of non-spherical particles, documents CN102323191A, WO8904472A1, and CN102519850A disclose some detection methods, but these documents only detect the shape ratio of the particles, that is, the aspect ratio, and cannot give the three-dimensional size of the particles. As for the traditional non-automated microscope or electron microscope observation method, the two-dimensional image of the particle can be detected to measure the two-dimensional size of the particle, but the three-dimensional size of the particle cannot be obtained. Therefore, the present invention aims to provide a measuring device for the three-dimensional size and distribution of tiny particles.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于：克服上述现有技术的缺陷，提出一种微小颗粒的3D尺寸及其分布测量装置，对微小颗粒3D尺寸的测量特别有效。 The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the defects of the above-mentioned prior art, and propose a 3D size and distribution measuring device for tiny particles, which is particularly effective for measuring the 3D size of tiny particles.
为了达到上述目的，本发明提出的一种微小颗粒的3D尺寸及其分布测量装置，组成包括： In order to achieve the above object, the present invention proposes a device for measuring the 3D size and distribution of tiny particles, which consists of:
光源，为高强度氙气闪灯光源，用于发出高亮度的闪光； The light source is a high-intensity xenon flash light source, which is used to emit high-brightness flash;
聚光透镜，用于将光源发出的光聚光为平行光，并射出； The condenser lens is used to condense the light emitted by the light source into parallel light and emit it;
透明圆柱体通道，直径1.5~2.00 mm，内部充满沿轴向流动的混入有待测颗粒的透明液体，所述平行光与透明圆柱体通道的轴线垂直； A transparent cylindrical channel with a diameter of 1.5-2.00 mm, filled with a transparent liquid mixed with the particles to be measured flowing in the axial direction, and the parallel light is perpendicular to the axis of the transparent cylindrical channel;
视频显微镜，位于透明圆柱体通道远离光源的一侧，并且正对所述平行光，用于接收透过透明圆柱体通道的光线并放大待测颗粒的图像； A video microscope, located on the side of the transparent cylinder channel away from the light source, and facing the parallel light, is used to receive the light passing through the transparent cylinder channel and enlarge the image of the particles to be tested;
数字摄像机，用于对所述视频显微镜的放大的颗粒图像完成成像； a digital camera for imaging the magnified particle image of the video microscope;
第一、第二平面镜组，用于对平行光进行反射换向，分别包括位于透明圆柱体通道两侧的两个平面镜； The first and second plane mirror groups are used for reflecting and reversing the parallel light, respectively including two plane mirrors located on both sides of the transparent cylinder channel;
平行光中的第一路光线直接透过透明圆柱体通道后射向视频显微镜；第二路光线经过第一平面镜组的一个平面镜后形成与所述第一路光线垂直的光线，垂直地透过透明圆柱体通道，并由另一平面镜将透出的光线反射后垂直地射向视频显微镜；第三路光线经过第二平面镜组的一个平面镜后形成与所述第一路光线呈45°夹角的光线，垂直地透过透明圆柱体通道，并由另一平面镜将透出的光线反射后垂直地射向视频显微镜；三路光线透过透明圆柱体通道后经视频显微镜在数字摄像机内分区域的完成成像。 The first ray of parallel light directly passes through the transparent cylinder channel and then shoots to the video microscope; the second ray passes through a plane mirror of the first plane mirror group to form a ray perpendicular to the first ray, which passes through the A transparent cylindrical channel, and another plane mirror reflects the transmitted light and shoots it vertically to the video microscope; the third light passes through a plane mirror of the second plane mirror group and forms an angle of 45° with the first light The rays of light pass through the transparent cylinder channel vertically, and the transmitted light is reflected by another plane mirror and then vertically shoot to the video microscope; the three rays of light pass through the transparent cylinder channel and then pass through the video microscope in the digital camera. complete imaging.
本发明微小颗粒的3D尺寸及其分布测量装置，还具有如下进一步的特征： The device for measuring the 3D size and distribution of tiny particles of the present invention also has the following further features:
1、所述第一平面镜组的两块平面镜在与平行光垂直的方向上进行布置，并分别位于透明圆柱体通道两侧；所述第二平面镜组的两块平面镜分别位于第一平面镜组的两块平面镜的外侧，其中一个靠近聚光透镜，另一个靠近视频显微镜。 1. The two plane mirrors of the first plane mirror group are arranged in the direction perpendicular to the parallel light, and are respectively located on both sides of the transparent cylinder channel; the two plane mirrors of the second plane mirror group are respectively located at the sides of the first plane mirror group. The outer sides of the two plane mirrors, one of which is close to the condenser lens and the other close to the video microscope.
2、所述第一平面镜组的两块平面镜靠近透明圆柱体通道一侧各设置一块用于遮挡平行光的挡板。防止杂散光进入摄像机。 2. The two plane mirrors of the first plane mirror group are each provided with a baffle for blocking parallel light on the side close to the channel of the transparent cylinder. Prevent stray light from entering the camera.
3、所述视频显微镜前设置2个遮光条，用于分割三路光线的成像区域。这样在底片上形成2个空白窄条区域，并以此隔开3个图像，避免在数字图像处理时相混淆。 3. Two shading strips are set in front of the video microscope to divide the imaging areas of the three light rays. In this way, 2 blank narrow strip areas are formed on the film, and 3 images are separated by this to avoid confusion during digital image processing.
本装置中，微小颗粒随着透明液体（如纯净水）流经透明圆柱形通道，氙气闪光灯光源发出的高亮度光经聚光透镜聚光后形成平行光垂直入射向透明圆柱形流体通道的侧面，其中1路光沿原方向（光轴）直接射到颗粒，另1路光经平面镜反射后以与光轴成90°的方向射向颗粒，第3路作为参考光沿与光轴成45°射向颗粒，这3路光透过颗粒后，射到大视角视频显微镜形成放大的部分颗粒图像，数字摄相机可记录一系列不同时刻的部分颗粒图像，某时刻的图像反映了3个不同角度的同一部分颗粒的图像，采用简单分隔设置可将该3张图像分开。每张图像都同时记录了正在流动的同一部分颗粒的图像，通过简单二值化处理可得到较为清晰的颗粒二维轮廓图像，然后通过配对可识别出3张图像中的同一颗粒，再经过对3张图像的二维轮廓比较及恢复计算得到颗粒的3D尺寸，由于圆柱体通道中的液体是流动的，所以不同时刻记录的系列图像包括了众多不同颗粒的信息，再通过对这些系列图像中多个颗粒的统计得到颗粒3D尺寸分布。本发明对颗粒3D尺寸的测量具有较高的精确度。 In this device, tiny particles flow through the transparent cylindrical channel along with the transparent liquid (such as pure water), and the high-brightness light emitted by the xenon flash light source is condensed by the condenser lens to form parallel light that is vertically incident on the side of the transparent cylindrical fluid channel , in which one path of light directly hits the particle along the original direction (optical axis), the other path of light is reflected by a plane mirror and hits the particle in a direction of 90° to the optical axis, and the third path is used as a reference light along the direction of 45° to the optical axis °Shooting to the particle, the 3-way light passes through the particle, and then shoots to the large viewing angle video microscope to form a magnified partial particle image. The digital camera can record a series of partial particle images at different times. The image at a certain moment reflects 3 different The image of the same part of the particle at an angle, the 3 images can be separated by using a simple separation setting. Each image simultaneously records the image of the same part of the particle that is flowing. Through simple binarization processing, a clearer two-dimensional outline image of the particle can be obtained, and then the same particle in the three images can be identified through pairing, and then after comparison The 3D size of the particles is obtained by comparing and recovering the two-dimensional contours of the three images. Since the liquid in the cylindrical channel is flowing, the series of images recorded at different times include the information of many different particles, and then through the analysis of these series of images Statistics of multiple particles yields a particle 3D size distribution. The invention has high precision in measuring the 3D size of particles.
本发明的有益效果是： The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
现有技术中，传统的非自动化的显微镜或电子显微镜法只能检测微小颗粒的二维形状及二维尺寸，现有的光散射法的只能检测颗粒的大小及分布或形状率，现有的图像法只能检测颗粒的大小、空间位置及亮度，这些技术均不能给出颗粒的三维尺寸。而本发明能测量微小颗粒的3D尺寸及其分布，且具有较好的准确度。 In the prior art, the traditional non-automated microscope or electron microscope can only detect the two-dimensional shape and two-dimensional size of tiny particles, and the existing light scattering method can only detect the size, distribution or shape ratio of particles. The current image method can only detect the size, spatial position and brightness of the particles, and these techniques cannot give the three-dimensional size of the particles. However, the present invention can measure the 3D size and distribution of tiny particles with better accuracy.
附图说明 Description of drawings
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步的说明。 The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
图1是本测量装置的立体图。 FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the measuring device.
图2是本测量装置的俯视图。 Fig. 2 is a top view of the measuring device.
图3是摄像机在同一时刻从3个不同角度记录的3幅图像示意图。 Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of three images recorded by the camera from three different angles at the same time.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明做进一步说明。 The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
如图1、图2所示，为本发明微小颗粒的3D尺寸及其分布测量装置，组成包括：光源1、聚光透镜2、透明圆柱体通道13、视频显微镜11、数字摄像机12、两组平面镜组（第一平面镜组由第一平面镜4和第二平面镜7组成，第二平面镜组由第三平面镜3和第四平面镜8组成），视频显微镜11和数字摄像机可采用莱卡配套产品（如ZA-APO视频显微镜和DFC420数字摄像机）。 As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, it is the 3D size and distribution measurement device of the tiny particles of the present invention, which consists of: a light source 1, a condenser lens 2, a transparent cylindrical channel 13, a video microscope 11, a digital camera 12, two groups Plane mirror group (the first plane mirror group is composed of the first plane mirror 4 and the second plane mirror 7, and the second plane mirror group is composed of the third plane mirror 3 and the fourth plane mirror 8), video microscope 11 and digital camera can use Leica supporting products (such as ZA -APO video microscope and DFC420 digital video camera).
其中，光源1为高强度氙气闪灯光源，用于发出高亮度的闪光；聚光透镜2，用于将光源发出的光聚光为平行光，并射出；透明圆柱体通道13，直径1.5~2.00 mm，内部充满沿轴向流动的混入有待测颗粒的纯净水（也可以是其他透明液体），平行光与透明圆柱体通道的轴线垂直；视频显微镜11位于透明圆柱体通道13远离光源1的一侧，并且正对平行光，用于接收透过透明圆柱体通道13的光线并放大待测颗粒的图像；该数字摄像机12，用于对视频显微镜11的放大的颗粒图像完成成像；第一、第二平面镜组，用于对平行光进行反射换向，分别包括位于透明圆柱体通道两侧的两个平面镜。 Among them, the light source 1 is a high-intensity xenon flash light source, which is used to emit high-brightness flash; the condenser lens 2 is used to condense the light emitted by the light source into parallel light, and emit it; the transparent cylinder channel 13 has a diameter of 1.5~ 2.00 mm, the interior is filled with pure water (or other transparent liquids) that flows along the axial direction and mixed with the particles to be measured, the parallel light is perpendicular to the axis of the transparent cylinder channel; the video microscope 11 is located in the transparent cylinder channel 13 away from the light source 1 one side, and facing the parallel light, for receiving the light passing through the transparent cylinder channel 13 and enlarging the image of the particle to be measured; the digital camera 12 is used for imaging the enlarged particle image of the video microscope 11; the second 1. The second plane mirror group is used for reflecting and reversing parallel light, including two plane mirrors located on both sides of the transparent cylinder channel.
平行光中的第一路光线直接透过透明圆柱体通道13后射向视频显微镜11；第二路光线经过第一平面镜4后形成与第一路光线垂直的光线，垂直地透过透明圆柱体通道13，并由第二平面镜7将透出的光线反射后垂直地射向视频显微镜11；第三路光线经过第三个平面镜3后形成与第一路光线呈45°夹角的光线，垂直地透过透明圆柱体通道13，并由第四平面镜8将透出的光线反射后垂直地射向视频显微镜11；三路光线透过透明圆柱体通道后经视频显微镜在数字摄像机内分区域的完成成像。 The first ray of parallel light directly passes through the transparent cylinder channel 13 and then shoots to the video microscope 11; the second ray passes through the first plane mirror 4 to form a ray perpendicular to the first ray, which passes through the transparent cylinder vertically Passage 13, and after the second plane mirror 7 will reflect the transmitted light, it is vertically directed to the video microscope 11; after the third road light passes through the third plane mirror 3, it forms a light that is at an angle of 45° with the first road light, vertically through the transparent cylinder passage 13, and the light reflected by the fourth plane mirror 8 is vertically directed to the video microscope 11; Imaging is complete.
如图2所示，第一平面镜组的两块平面镜（第一平面镜4、第二平面镜7）在平行光（第一路光线）垂直方向上布置，并分别位于透明圆柱体通道13两侧；第二平面镜组的两块平面镜（第三平面镜3、第四平面镜8）分别位于第一平面镜组的两块平面镜（第一平面镜4、第二平面镜7）的外侧，其中第三平面镜3靠近聚光透镜2，第四平面镜8靠近视频显微镜11。 As shown in Figure 2, the two plane mirrors (the first plane mirror 4 and the second plane mirror 7) of the first plane mirror group are arranged in the vertical direction of the parallel light (the first light beam), and are respectively located on both sides of the transparent cylinder channel 13; The two plane mirrors (the third plane mirror 3 and the fourth plane mirror 8) of the second plane mirror group are respectively located outside the two plane mirrors (the first plane mirror 4 and the second plane mirror 7) of the first plane mirror group, wherein the third plane mirror 3 is close to the collector The optical lens 2 and the fourth flat mirror 8 are close to the video microscope 11 .
高强度氙气闪灯光发出的高亮度闪光，通过聚光透镜2后聚光为平行光，垂直地向透明圆柱体通道13投射。该平行光被第一、第二平面镜组分成3路，其中第一路光沿光轴方向直接透过圆柱体通道13；第二路光通过第一平面镜4后形成与第一路成90°的光，透过圆柱体通道13后，再经第二平面镜7形成与光轴方向相同的光；第三路光通过第四平面镜3后形成与第一路成45°的光，透过圆柱体通道13后，再经第四平面镜8形成与光轴方向相同的光。数字摄像机12可记录一系列由上述3路光通过一视频显微镜11后形成的3幅图像（见图3）。圆柱体通道13内流动的是含待测的微小颗粒的透明液体，于是这3幅图像就是从不同角度同时摄得的同一部分颗粒的图像。通过简单二值化处理可得到较为清晰的颗粒二维轮廓图像，然后通过配对可自动识别出3张图像中的同一颗粒，再经过对3张图像的二维轮廓比较及恢复计算得到颗粒的3D尺寸，最后由计算机对系列图像中的多个颗粒的统计，结合每个颗粒的3D尺寸，得到颗粒的3D尺寸分布。 The high-brightness flash emitted by the high-intensity xenon flashlight passes through the condensing lens 2 and is condensed into parallel light, which is vertically projected toward the transparent cylindrical channel 13 . The parallel light is divided into three paths by the first and second plane mirror groups, wherein the first path of light directly passes through the cylindrical channel 13 along the optical axis; the second path of light passes through the first plane mirror 4 and forms a 90° angle with the first path After passing through the cylindrical channel 13, the light in the same direction as the optical axis is formed by the second plane mirror 7; the third light passes through the fourth plane mirror 3 to form light at an angle of 45° to the first, and passes through the cylinder After the body channel 13, the light in the same direction as the optical axis is formed by the fourth plane mirror 8. The digital camera 12 can record a series of three images (see FIG. 3 ) formed by the above-mentioned three paths of light passing through a video microscope 11 . What flows in the cylindrical channel 13 is a transparent liquid containing tiny particles to be tested, so these three images are images of the same part of particles taken simultaneously from different angles. Through simple binarization processing, a relatively clear two-dimensional outline image of the particle can be obtained, and then the same particle in the three images can be automatically identified through pairing, and then the three-dimensional outline of the three images is compared and restored to calculate the 3D of the particle Finally, the computer counts the multiple particles in the series of images, and combines the 3D size of each particle to obtain the 3D size distribution of the particles.
视频显微镜前设置2个遮光条9、10，用于分割三路光线的成像区域。这样在摄像机摄得的图像上形成2个空白窄条区域，以此隔开3个图像，避免在数字图像处理时相混淆。 Two shading bars 9 and 10 are set in front of the video microscope to divide the imaging areas of the three rays. In this way, two blank narrow strip areas are formed on the image captured by the camera, so as to separate the three images and avoid confusion during digital image processing.
为了防止杂散光进入摄像机，第一平面镜组的两块平面镜靠近透明圆柱体通道一侧分别设置用于遮挡平行光的第一挡板5和第二挡板6。 In order to prevent stray light from entering the camera, the two plane mirrors of the first plane mirror group are respectively provided with a first baffle 5 and a second baffle 6 on the side of the transparent cylinder channel for blocking parallel light.
图3是摄像机在某次摄得的图像示意图，该图像包含了彼此分隔的沿纵向的3幅图像21、22和23，经数字技术处理后，每幅图像上清晰地显示5个颗粒的图像，其中图像 21中的颗粒影响31与图像22中的颗粒影响32及图像23中的颗粒影响33都对应了同一颗粒。 Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an image captured by a camera at a certain time. The image includes three longitudinal images 21, 22 and 23 separated from each other. After digital processing, each image clearly displays an image of 5 particles , wherein the particle effect 31 in the image 21, the particle effect 32 in the image 22 and the particle effect 33 in the image 23 all correspond to the same particle.
对同一颗粒在不同图像中的二维轮廓进行比较及恢复计算可得到该颗粒的长、宽、高，即3D尺寸。再通过对系列图像记录的多个颗粒进行统计，进一步得到颗粒3D尺寸分布。 Comparing and restoring the two-dimensional contours of the same particle in different images can obtain the length, width and height of the particle, that is, the 3D size. Then, the 3D size distribution of the particles is further obtained by counting the multiple particles recorded in the series of images.
除上述实施例外，本发明还可以有其他实施方式。凡采用等同替换或等效变换形成的技术方案，均落在本发明要求的保护范围。 In addition to the above-mentioned embodiments, the present invention can also have other implementations. All technical solutions formed by equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation fall within the scope of protection required by the present invention.
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