CN104454980B - Energy-saving radial sliding bearing - Google Patents
Energy-saving radial sliding bearing Download PDFInfo
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- CN104454980B CN104454980B CN201410563019.7A CN201410563019A CN104454980B CN 104454980 B CN104454980 B CN 104454980B CN 201410563019 A CN201410563019 A CN 201410563019A CN 104454980 B CN104454980 B CN 104454980B
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Abstract
The invention provides an energy-saving radial sliding bearing, which is formed by matching a shaft and a bearing sleeve hole or bearing block hole. A bearing sleeve hole wall or bearing block hole wall at an inlet region of a convergent wedge-shaped pore of the bearing is coated by a thin layer material, and the surface-treated bearing sleeve hole wall or bearing block hole wall is paired with the shaft; a gap formed between the bearing sleeve hole wall or bearing block hole wall and the shaft is filled with lubricating oil. The energy-saving radial sliding bearing designed by adopting an interface slip technology and adopting a surface coating method has the advantages of great carrying capacity, low coefficient of friction and excellent energy-saving performance. Compared with the traditional interface-slip-free radial sliding bearing, the bearing provided by the invention has the advantages of obviously improved carrying capacity, and obviously improved antifriction and energy-saving performances, thus having an important application value.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of energy-conservation radial plain bearing.
Background technology
Bearing is the important mechanical part for supporting axial workpiece, is divided to two kinds of sliding bearing and rolling bearing.For axle
Following main performance requirements are held：Support accuracy, support stiffness, low-friction coefficient and wear-resistant.This requires that bearing is a kind of
Very accurate mechanical part, also requires that it has sufficiently large bearing capacity.For the antifriction that reached and anti-wear performance, in addition it is also necessary to
Bearing has preferable greasy property.
It is developed so far, although bearing technology comparative maturity, but sets up on the basis of traditional lubrication theory.At present, roll
Dynamic bearing and sliding bearing are respectively applied to different occasions, respectively there is its advantage.Due to the present invention relates to sliding bearing, now will show
There are sliding bearing type and technology to be summarized as follows：
From on lubrication mechanism, sliding bearing is divided into two kinds of mixed film friction sliding bearing and fluid lubrication sliding bearing.The former
Lubrication is realized by border adsorbed film and hydrodynamic effect, for low speed, underloading and inessential occasion；The latter relies on fluid film
Lubrication is realized, for important events, application is more extensive.
Fluid lubrication sliding bearing is the main body of sliding bearing, and hydrldynamic pressure lubrication sliding bearing and hydrostatic pressure are divided into again
Two kinds of lubrication sliding bearing.Hydrostatic lubrication sliding bearing relies on extraneous hydraulic system fuel feeding, by oil lift load, by liquid
Force feed is lubricated, and the accuracy of manufacture is high, structure is more complicated, relatively costly, for requiring that support stiffness is big, support accuracy is high and holds
The big important events of loading capability.
Hydrldynamic pressure lubrication sliding bearing realizes lubrication by hydrodynamic effect, with structure it is relatively low compared with simple, cost,
The advantage of better performances is a kind of using more extensive and common sliding bearing.It is divided into the centripetal cunning of hydrldynamic pressure lubrication again
Two kinds of dynamic bearing and hydrldynamic pressure lubrication thrust slide bearing.The former is used to support radial load, and the latter is used to support axial load
Lotus.Existing main fluid hydrodynamic lubrication radial plain bearing type introduced below and its feature.
First, big L/D ratio radial plain bearing-long bearing
This bearing is as shown in Figure 1.Due to draw ratioLarger, this bearing can be processed into unlimited long bearing and can neglect
Slightly fluid side lets out the impact to bearing load carrying capacity.In the bottom-right location of bearing, dead eye forms the wedge gap of convergence.Due to
The viscosity of fluid, fluid is sticked on axle, is also adhered on bearing insert or bearing block.Due to the rotary motion of axle, fluid quilt
See in from the big end section of wedge shape hole, bring out from the little end section of wedge shape hole；Fluid in wedge shape hole so as to receiving
Lubrication film pressure is formed to extruding, is possessed lubricating film and is born radial loadwAbility.This is the working mechanism of this bearing.
2nd, little draw ratio radial plain bearing-narrow bearing
This bearing is as shown in Figure 2.Due to draw ratioVery little, axial leakage of the fluid along bearing（I.e. side is let out）Sternly
Weight.Fluid is squeezed so as to form lubrication pressure during side is let out in narrow and small gap, possesses lubricating film and bears load
The ability of lotus.The wedge gap effect of the hole of this bearing is relatively small, is negligible.This is the work of this bearing
Mechanism.
3rd, Finite Width sliding bearing
This bearing is as shown in Figure 3.Because draw ratio is moderate, bearing forms lubrication mould by the wedge shape hole of convergence
Power, but the lateral leakage of fluid causes to lubricate film pressure and bearing load carrying capacity decreases；Draw ratio is less, and lateral leakage is got over
Seriously, bearing load carrying capacity reduces bigger.When calculating this bearing load carrying capacity, should be on the basis of endless bearing load carrying capacity
Consider fluid side to let out impact and introduce a side relevant with draw ratio and let out correction factor.
In 1 ~ Fig. 3 of accompanying drawing, the coefficient of friction and bearing capacity of traditional radial plain bearing is by conventional fluid lubrication theory
Calculate.Conventional fluid lubrication theory thinks that fluid can be fully adhered to solid contact surface without there is sliding.Based on tradition
Theory of fluid lubrication, in the past the power-economizing method of this bearing be：From proper lubrication oil, reduce lubricating oil viscosity, improve lubrication
Oil viscosity index glues temperature stability and improves frictional behaviour using lubricant additive.But it may be noted that this power-economizing method is
Set up on the basis of conventional fluid lubrication theory of the fluid-bearing surface interface without sliding.When occurring interface in fluid lubrication
During sliding, the power-economizing method and technology of bearing will change.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of energy-conservation radial plain bearing of utilization interface sliding technology.This power-economizing method
Advocate using the lubricating oil-contact surface interface with low shear strength and produce interface sliding, rubbed with the lubrication for realizing low
Power is wiped, but bearing load carrying capacity is significantly improved on the contrary.Therefore this power-economizing method does not repel and uses thick oil, to lubrication
Oil viscosity index is glued temperature stability and is not also claimed using additive in the lubricant.
The present invention technical solution be：
A kind of energy-conservation radial plain bearing, by cooperatively forming for axle and bearing insert hole or bearing saddle bore；In bearing convergence
Apply coated with layer material on the bearing insert hole wall or bearing block hole wall of the inlet region of wedge shape hole；Applying coating on bearing hole wall
Region to central angle be,Span be：,Preferred value be、
With；Surface treated bearing insert hole wall or bearing block hole wall are matched with axle, in bearing insert hole wall or bearing block
Lubricating oil is full of in the gap that hole wall is formed with axle；Dimensionless shear strength between lubricating oil and bearing hole wall coatingMeet following
Conditional：
（1）
Herein,,,For the angular coordinate value of maximum oil film pressure position,,For axle
On bearing bore hole wall the surface of applying coating to central angle；
Dimensionless shear strength between lubricating oil and bearing hole wall coatingFollowing condition must also be met：
（2）
Herein,,,。
Further, the coating on bearing lubrication inlet region bearing insert hole wall or bearing block hole wall is to hate oil coating.
Further, the preferred fluororine-carbon coating of coating on bearing lubrication inlet region bearing insert hole wall or bearing block hole wall.
Further, draw ratio L/D of the bearing is：L/D>0.2：L is the axial length of bearing, and D is the diameter of axle.
Further, the working condition of bearing is；HereinFor eccentricity,,e：Axle center and dead eye
Hole heart offset distance；c:Bearing clearance,,For the radius of dead eye,For the radius of axle.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows：The present invention uses interface sliding technology, is designed using surface coating method new
Energy-conservation radial plain bearing.Compared to traditional radial plain bearing without interface sliding, bearing of the present invention is not only carrying energy
It is significantly improved in power, also significantly improves in antifriction and energy-efficient performance, with significant application value.The present invention has
Advantages below：
（1）Compared to traditional radial plain bearing, the coefficient of friction of bearing of the present invention can reduce 60% under the same terms, and
Its bearing capacity can improve 100%.
（2）Bearing of the present invention has good antifriction and energy-efficient performance, and with higher bearing capacity.
（3）Bearing of the present invention only need to be capable of achieving above performance, therefore skill of the present invention using coating and interface sliding technology
Art performance is realized simply, with low cost.
（4）Compared to traditional radial plain bearing, bearing of the present invention has bigger technical advantage and using value.
Bearing technology effect is significant of the present invention.It has bigger bearing capacity, lower coefficient of friction and excellent energy-conservation
Performance.Bearing technology performance of the present invention is projected, and is realized simply, with low cost, with larger practical value.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is big L/D ratio radial plain bearing, i.e.,Long bearing structural representation.
Fig. 2 is little draw ratio radial plain bearing, i.e.,Narrow bearing structural representation.
Fig. 3 is Finite Width radial plain bearing, i.e.,Bearing structural representation.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of embodiment of the present invention bearing.
In Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4,1, axle, 2, bearing insert or bearing block, 3, lubricating oil inlet position, 4, lubricating oil goes out
Mouthful position, 5, dead eye.
Fig. 5 is pressure distribution and its traditional without the centripetal of interface sliding with the same terms in the bearing of embodiment design
The comparison schematic diagram of pressure distribution in sliding bearing.
Fig. 6 is different、WithUnder, the bearing capacity of embodiment bearingAnd its it is centripetal with tradition under the same terms
Sliding bearing bearing capacityComparison schematic diagram.
Fig. 7 is different、WithUnder, the dead eye wall friction coefficient of embodiment bearingAnd its and the same terms
Lower traditional radial plain bearing dead eye wall friction coefficientComparison schematic diagram.
Fig. 8 is different、WithUnder, the coefficient of friction on the axle of embodiment bearingAnd its with the same terms under
Coefficient of friction on traditional radial plain bearing axleComparison schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
Describe the preferred embodiments of the present invention in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Embodiment
Embodiment restrains in bearing and is applied coated with thin layer material on the bearing insert or the hole wall of bearing block 2 of the inlet region of wedge shape hole
Material, has relatively low adsorption strength and shear strength between lubricating oil and the coating material interface.Work bottom bracket is static and axle 1
Rotate, lubricating oil occurs sliding on coating material surface in this section, and lubricating oil is in bearing insert or the hole wall of bearing block 2
There is no sliding in remaining surface and in the whole surface of axle 1.
According to the radial load direction that working condition middle (center) bearing bears, by installing surface treated bearing insert is made
Or the hole wall of bearing block 2 is matched with axle 1, full of lubrication in the minim gap that bearing insert or the hole wall of bearing block 2 are formed with axle 1
Oil.So, the rotary motion of the certain orientation of axle 1 can form lubricating oil film in the hole of dead eye 5 during work, just be formed
Bearing of the present invention.
This bearing has bigger bearing capacity than bearing of the routine without interface sliding.Because lubricating film is in bearing portions
There is sliding in surface, therefore it is held with lower coefficient of friction than routine without interface slip shaft.Fig. 4 provides embodiment design
Bearing.
In angleApplying coating on the bearing insert in " A " area or the hole wall of bearing block 2, makes in the region covered i.e. figure
Lubricating film sliding on the coating surface.Any artificial coating is not covered on remaining hole wall of dead eye 5, lubricating film is in these axles
There is no sliding on the wall of bearing bore 5.Any artificial coating, whole surface of the lubricating film in axle 1 are not covered in the whole surface of axle 1 yet
On there is no sliding.
The bearing of embodiment design in Fig. 4.：The rotational angular velocity of axle 1,w：Bearing load,：The hole wall of dead eye 5
The surface of upper applying coating to central angle.For ease of bearing working performance evaluation, as shown in figure 4, fixed for embodiment bearing
The following parameter of justice：
Eccentricity：,e：The axle center of axle 1 and the offset distance of the hole heart of dead eye 5；c:Bearing clearance,,
WithThe respectively radius of the radius of dead eye 5 and axle 1.
The dimensionless load that bearing bears：,w：The load born on bearing unit width,u：The circumference of axle 1
Linear velocity,：Lubricating oil viscosity.
Lubricating oil film dimensionless pressure in bearing：,p：Bearing lubrication oil film pressure.
Lubricating oil is with the painting interlayer dimensionless shear strength of the wall of dead eye 5：,：Lubricating oil and bearing
The painting interlaminar shear strength of the wall in hole 5.
For conventional axle 1, bearing insert or the pore wall material of bearing block 2, bearing lubrication inlet region of the present invention bearing insert
Or the coating on the hole wall of bearing block 2 is preferably fluororine-carbon coating, this coating has very strong oil repellency.
When lubricating oil is common paraffin oil, interface shear strength between lubricating oil and fluororine-carbon coating at normal temperatures and pressures
About 0.05MPa.When,,When,。
（1）When、、When, the bearing capacity on bearing unit width of the present invention is, the coefficient of friction of dead eye 5 is, the coefficient of friction of axle 1 is。
Under identical working condition, the bearing capacity on the traditional bearing unit width of uncoated artificial coating is,
The coefficient of friction of dead eye 5 is, the coefficient of friction of axle 1 is。
（2）When、、When, the bearing capacity on bearing unit width of the present invention is,
The coefficient of friction of dead eye 5 is, the coefficient of friction of axle 1 is.Under identical working condition,
Bearing capacity on the traditional bearing unit width of uncoated artificial coating is, the coefficient of friction of dead eye 5
For, the coefficient of friction of axle 1 is。
（3）When、、When, the bearing capacity on bearing unit width of the present invention is, the coefficient of friction of dead eye 5 is, the coefficient of friction of axle 1 is。
Under identical working condition, the bearing capacity on the traditional bearing unit width of uncoated artificial coating is,
The coefficient of friction of dead eye 5 is, the coefficient of friction of axle 1 is。
（4）When、、When, the bearing capacity on bearing unit width of the present invention is
, the coefficient of friction of dead eye 5 is, the coefficient of friction of axle 1 is.Identical working condition
Under, the bearing capacity on the traditional bearing unit width of uncoated artificial coating is, dead eye 5 rubs
Coefficient is, the coefficient of friction of axle 1 is。
It is sufficiently low, interface sliding could be produced, following condition need to be met：
（1）
Herein,,,For the angular coordinate value of maximum oil film pressure position, as shown in figure 4,,For applying coating on the hole wall of dead eye 5 surface to central angle.
Following condition must also be met：
（2）
Herein,,,。
Compared with traditional hydrldynamic pressure lubrication radial plain bearing without interface sliding, the bearing lubrication of present invention design
Mechanism has further essential improvement.It further reduces bearing friction coefficient with interface sliding technology, but improves on the contrary
Bearing load carrying capacity.When interface sliding region is big and interface shear strengthWhen low, bearing friction of the present invention under the same conditions
Coefficient can be lower by 60% than traditional type bearing friction coefficient, and its bearing capacity can be higher by than traditional type bearing load carrying capacity
100%.Therefore, the technical advantage and using value of bearing of the present invention is fairly obvious.
Embodiment bearing is cooperatively formed by the hole of axle 1 and bearing insert or bearing block 2, here, if marked in Fig. 4
2 is bearing insert, then bearing insert 2 is fixed in bearing block, if without bearing insert, 2 marked in Fig. 4 are bearing
Seat.Axle 1 can be made up of various trade mark steel, but be not excluded for make using other materials；Bearing insert 2 is conventional bearings bushing
2, but be not excluded for make using other materials；Bearing block is generally cast iron, cast steel or forged steel and makes, but is not excluded for that it can be used
Its material is made.
The technology of the present invention is not only suitable for long bearing, and suitable for Finite Width bearing.That is, draw ratio L/D of bearing of the present invention
For：L/D>0.2.Herein：L is the axial length of bearing, and D is the diameter of axle 1.
Lubricating oil is full of between the wall of dead eye 5 and axle 1.Dead eye 5 is static, and axle 1 rotates, and sees Fig. 4.Dead eye
One fixed width is coated on 5 walls hates oil coating, has relatively low adsorption strength and shearing between lubricating oil and the coating material interface
Intensity, in work there is sliding in lubricating oil on the coating material surface.On the wall of dead eye 5 region of applying coating in
Heart angle is, as shown in figure 4, bearing of the present inventionSpan be：.Remaining of the wall of dead eye 5
Any artificial coating is not coated by surface, any artificial coating is also not coated by the whole surface of axle 1.Lubricating oil is in uncoated people
There is no sliding on the wall of dead eye 5 of work coating, sliding does not occur in the whole surface of axle 1 yet.The rotary motion of axle 1 should make
The lubricating inlet area of the region in bearing of applying coating on the wall of dead eye 5 is obtained, as shown in Figure 4.
Bearing Optimization Work condition of the present invention is, but do not repelWorking condition.
Principle explanation
It is theoretical according to the interface sliding set up before, in the bearing of present invention design, because the static wall of dead eye 5 is applied
Interface sliding between layer and lubricating oil（The interface shear strength is reached by the interface shear stress to cause）, the wall coating of dead eye 5
Further increase with the flow of lubrication between axle 1, if pressure does not change in bearing, it is more than on the wall of dead eye 5 not
Flow of lubrication between the working surface and axle 1 of applying coating.So, the flow equilibrium condition of the flow of fluid in bearing just by
Break.
This requires that pressure increases and makes bearing lubrication inlet region in bearing（Ji Tu4Zhong A areas）Flow of lubrication reduce
（Due to the increase of bearing lubrication inlet region pressure gradient flow）, make bearing lubrication outlet area（Ji Tu4Zhong B areas）Flow of lubrication
Increase（Due to the increase of bearing lubrication outlet area pressure gradient flow）, so that the fluid flow in bearing finally maintains balance,
I.e.：Make the fluid flow by bearing cross section equal everywhere.
So, the coating of setting and just it is improved the bearing capacity of this bearing by its interface sliding for producing.Due to
Coating surface shear strength is low, frictional resistance is little, thus arrange coating and this bearing is made on the contrary by its interface sliding for producing
Coefficient of friction reduce so that this bearing has the advantages that antifriction, energy-conservation, high bearing capacity.Here it is the work of this bearing
Principle.
The present invention is as follows with the contrast of pressure distribution in the radial plain bearing without interface sliding traditional under the same terms：
In Fig. 5, (a) and (b) be given embodiment design bearing in pressure distribution and its with nothing traditional under the same terms
The comparison of pressure distribution in the radial plain bearing of interface sliding,.In figure,For the pressure in bearing of the present invention,For the pressure in traditional radial plain bearing,It is the angular coordinate with lubricating oil inlet position 3 as tolerance reference.From figure
Find out, the pressure in the bearing of embodiment is higher than the pressure under the same terms in traditional radial plain bearing, andMore
It is big andLess, the pressure in embodiment bearing increases bigger, and its bearing capacity is also bigger.
In Fig. 6, (a) difference is provided with (b)、WithUnder, the bearing capacity of embodiment bearingAnd its with identical bar
Traditional radial plain bearing bearing capacity under partComparison.As seen from the figure, under the same terms, the carrying of the bearing of embodiment
Amount is bigger than traditional radial plain bearing bearing capacity, andIt is bigger andIt is less, the bearing capacity incrementss of embodiment bearing
Bigger, the technique effect of embodiment bearing is better.
In Fig. 7, (a) difference is provided with (b)、WithUnder, the wall friction coefficient of dead eye 5 of embodiment bearing
And its with traditional wall friction coefficient of radial plain bearing dead eye 5 under the same termsComparison.As seen from the figure, it is identical
Under the conditions of, the wall friction coefficient ratio of the dead eye 5 tradition radial plain bearing 5 wall friction coefficients of dead eye of embodiment bearing are little,
AndIt is bigger andLess, the wall friction coefficient of dead eye 5 of embodiment bearing is less.
In Fig. 8, (a) difference is provided with (b)、WithUnder, the coefficient of friction on the axle 1 of embodiment bearingAnd
Coefficient of friction on traditional radial plain bearing axle 1 under itself and the same termsComparison.As seen from the figure, under the same terms,
Coefficient of friction is less than coefficient of friction on traditional radial plain bearing axle 1 on the axle 1 of embodiment bearing, andIt is bigger and
Less, coefficient of friction is less on the axle 1 of embodiment bearing.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of energy-conservation radial plain bearing, it is characterised in that：By cooperatively forming for axle and bearing insert hole or bearing saddle bore；
Apply coated with layer material on the bearing insert hole wall or bearing block hole wall of the inlet region of bearing convergence wedge shape hole；On bearing hole wall
The region of applying coating to central angle be,Span be：；
Surface treated bearing insert hole wall or bearing block hole wall are matched with axle, in bearing insert hole wall or bearing block hole wall
Lubricating oil is full of in the gap formed with axle；Dimensionless shear strength between lubricating oil and bearing hole wall coatingMeet following condition
Formula：
（1）
Herein,,,For
The angular coordinate value of maximum oil film pressure position,,For dead eye
On hole wall the surface of applying coating to central angle；
Dimensionless shear strength between lubricating oil and bearing hole wall coatingFollowing condition must also be met：
（2）
Herein,,,；
Wherein, the working condition of bearing is；HereinFor eccentricity,,e：Axle center is inclined with the hole heart of dead eye
Away from；c:Bearing clearance,,For the radius of dead eye,For the radius of axle.
2. energy-conservation radial plain bearing as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Bearing lubrication inlet region bearing insert hole wall
Or the coating on bearing block hole wall is to hate oil coating.
3. energy-conservation radial plain bearing as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that：Bearing lubrication inlet region bearing insert hole wall
Or the coating on bearing block hole wall is fluororine-carbon coating.
4. the energy-conservation radial plain bearing as described in any one of claim 1-3, it is characterised in that：Draw ratio L/D of the bearing
For：L/D>0.2, L is the axial length of bearing, and D is the diameter of axle.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410563019.7A CN104454980B (en) | 2014-10-22 | 2014-10-22 | Energy-saving radial sliding bearing |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410563019.7A CN104454980B (en) | 2014-10-22 | 2014-10-22 | Energy-saving radial sliding bearing |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN104454980A CN104454980A (en) | 2015-03-25 |
| CN104454980B true CN104454980B (en) | 2017-04-12 |
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| CN201410563019.7A Active CN104454980B (en) | 2014-10-22 | 2014-10-22 | Energy-saving radial sliding bearing |
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Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104791381B (en) * | 2015-04-27 | 2017-10-31 | 张永斌 | The concentric radial plain bearing formed with interface sliding |
| CN104948588A (en) * | 2015-05-26 | 2015-09-30 | 安徽不二越精工轴承有限公司 | Shaft sleeve capable of replacing speed reducer bearing |
| CN105465170B (en) * | 2015-12-11 | 2018-10-16 | 东方电气集团东方汽轮机有限公司 | One kind carrying sliding bearing |
| CN107763065A (en) * | 2017-10-11 | 2018-03-06 | 袁虹娣 | The miniature ramp platform thrust slide bearing of small inclination |
| CN107956791B (en) * | 2017-11-10 | 2020-07-24 | 上海欧博自控技术装备有限公司 | Small-inclination-angle micro inclined plane platform thrust sliding bearing with uniform bearing surface |
| CN107869514A (en) * | 2017-11-21 | 2018-04-03 | 袁虹娣 | With the special-shaped fixed bush segment thrust slide bearing of physical absorption |
| CN110030280A (en) * | 2019-04-03 | 2019-07-19 | 张美华 | It is a kind of to prevent the radial plain bearing that oil film slides at axis surface |
| CN110043568B (en) * | 2019-04-03 | 2020-12-01 | 张美华 | Antifriction energy-saving centripetal sliding bearing with sliding oil film on surface of bearing hole |
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| CN104454980A (en) | 2015-03-25 |
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Effective date of registration: 20201214 Address after: 246121 Electronic Precision Machinery Industrial Park, Huaining Industrial Park, Anqing City, Anhui Province Patentee after: HUAINING JILILAI PRECISION MECHANICAL TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Address before: No.1 Gehu Road, HUTANG Town, Wujin City, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province Patentee before: Zhang Yongbin |