CN104453866A - Phase calibration method of current measuring for induction logging - Google Patents
Phase calibration method of current measuring for induction logging Download PDFInfo
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- CN104453866A CN104453866A CN201310426946.XA CN201310426946A CN104453866A CN 104453866 A CN104453866 A CN 104453866A CN 201310426946 A CN201310426946 A CN 201310426946A CN 104453866 A CN104453866 A CN 104453866A
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- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geophysics (AREA)
- Measurement Of Resistance Or Impedance (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a phase calibration method of current measuring for induction logging. The phase calibration method includes that vectors of apparent conductivity under the circumstance that distances between an emitting coil and a receiving coil are different are measured for two times respectively, and current measuring phase errors brought in by a current transformer and a nonlinear element in a current measuring circuit are solved, so that errors brought in by a current measuring link are known accurately and eliminated during calculation. By the phase calibration method, scales and measuring accuracy of an array induction logging instrument are improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of induction well logging method, especially, relate to a kind of phase calibration method of induction logging current measurement.
Background technology
Induction logging is the mutual inductance principle utilizing alternating current, the alternating current in transmitting coil is utilized to induce electromotive force in receiving coil, because transmitting coil and receiving coil are all in well, the alternating current of transmitting coil is inevitable induces eddy current in pit shaft surrounding formation, and the induced electromotive force of this eddy current to receiving coil has an impact, therefore this electromotive force is relevant with the intensity of eddy current, namely relevant with the electrical conductivity on stratum.
Induction logging instrument adopts the coil array of a series of different coil spacing to measure same stratum, then focuses on by hardware or software the formation conductivity that process obtains different radial depth of investigetion, thus identification of hydrocarbon layer effectively.As shown in Figure 1, first array induction logging instrument sends electromagnetic field (accompanying drawing 1 topmost portion is transmitting coil) by transmitting coil to stratum, this electromagnetic field produces induced current in stratigraphic unit ring, excite secondary field (accompanying drawing 1 mid portion is stratigraphic unit ring), then received by each group of receiving coil, secondary field produces secondary field induced electromotive force in receiving coil, information, after downhole instrument process, is sent to ground instrument (accompanying drawing 1 lowermost part is receiving coil) by the spread of the rumours system by the signal received.
Accompanying drawing 2 is graphs of a relation of current phase of transmitting coil, stratigraphic unit ring, receiving coil.As shown in Figure 2, the receiving coil of cubical array induction logging instrument can receive from the straight coupling induced electromotive force of transmitting coil and the secondary field induced electromotive force from stratum, in infinite uniform medium, both induced electromotive forces phase difference that the alternating electromagnetic field of transmitting coil directly produces in receiving coil is 90 degree, this signal is directly coupling signal, for garbage signal, and the secondary field phase difference of the alternating electromagnetic field of transmitting coil in receiving coil is 180 degree.
Coil array is arranged in evenly, isotropism stratum, magnetic conductivity
, electrical conductivity
and dielectric constant
be constant; Stratum is around borehole axis Rotational Symmetry;
with
be respectively transmitting and receiving coil, the number of turn is
with
, coil radius is
,
for the spacing between transmitting coil and receiving coil, coil works under certain frequency.
If it is ω that transmitting coil loads an angular frequency, amplitude is
alternating current, that is: emission current time-domain signal is expressed as
or with vector representation be
.For uniform dielectric environment, in order to make problem analysis simplify, do not consider Kelvin effect and propagation effect, then at receiving coil induced electromotive force be:
……（1）
……（2）
……（3）
Wherein
for magnetic conductivity (H/m), suppose that transmitting coil area is identical with receiving coil area, be expressed as
,
for formation conductivity, if coil supporter is pottery, device is also positioned in air, then
for air permeability,
be tending towards infinitely small, in this case,
=0, received signal and emission current are mutually vertical.In three-winding system,
for the Received signal strength of composite received coil, under normal circumstances,
non-vanishing but change for L is insensitive; When L itself is smaller,
very sensitive to the change of L, so when L minor alteration, the change of receiver voltage vector is vertical with current vector.
In induction logging, the signal directly measured is voltage signal, i.e. induced electromotive force.In actual applications, definition one measurement electrical conductivity represents measuring-signal usually.Because stratum is heterogeneous, measure electrical conductivity and be not equal to true conductivity, therefore being called apparent conductivity, apparent conductivity is defined as:
……（4）
Wherein
……（5）
be called instrumental constant.For the coil array that frequency is given,
it is constant.
Wherein apparent conductivity can use formula
try to achieve,
for the induced voltage vector of the receiving coil of actual measurement,
for the emission current vector of actual measurement, K is instrumental constant,
for apparent conductivity.
As previous analysis, for the short space coil near transmitting coil, L itself is very little, when L minor variations, receives signal
in theory with
vertically.
If real current is
, and the electric current recorded is
, the actual induced voltage recorded is
, so
……（6）
Visible owing to there is error, will there is intercoupling of real part and imaginary part in the apparent conductivity that historical facts or anecdotes border records, and imaginary part is usually stable not, so will have a strong impact on the real part of the apparent conductivity of actual measurement.Although this coupling can be eliminated by instrument calibration, in the instrument manufacturing stage, the source of this error cannot be located, difficulty will be brought to case study.
Summary of the invention
The present invention proposes based on the problems referred to above, its object is to a kind of phase calibration method providing induction logging current measurement, after current measurement is demarcated, accurately can know the error that current measurement link is introduced, and be eliminated in the calculation.
The invention provides a kind of phase calibration method of induction logging current measurement, the error of the current measurement that the minor variations adopting array induction logging instrument to carry out the distance of transmitting coil and receiving coil in induction logging process causes is demarcated, described array induction logging instrument comprises pre-amplifier unit, D/A conversion unit, it is characterized in that
Phase difference between the current vector obtain the difference and actual measurement of measuring the apparent conductivity vector obtained is revised as the correction of current measurement phase place the electric current of surveying, and obtains the apparent conductivity of actual measurement (reality) thus, comprising:
(1) step of the initial distance between receiving coil and transmitting coil is set;
(2) current vector and voltage vector extraction step, extracts two vectors, is designated as current vector and voltage vector respectively from the collection signal of current measurement passage and receiving coil passage;
(3) adjust the distance between described receiving coil and described transmitting coil, and repeat described current vector and voltage vector extraction step, carry out the step of the extraction of current vector and voltage vector;
(4) electric current correction determining step, according to the current vector obtained in step (3) and voltage vector, determines the correction of current value;
(5) according to the correction of determined current value in above-mentioned steps (4), the apparent conductivity of actual measurement (reality) is obtained according to following formula (7),
……（7）
Wherein
for the induced voltage vector of the receiving coil of actual measurement, K is instrumental constant, I
tfor real current,
for apparent conductivity, I
afor measured current,
for the vector angle of measured current and real current,
for the real part of apparent conductivity,
for the imaginary part of apparent conductivity.
Preferably, in the phase calibration method of induction logging current measurement of the present invention, described current vector and voltage vector extraction step comprise the steps: the emission current launching single-frequency in transmitting coil; The gain of described pre-amplifier unit and described D/A conversion unit is demarcated, makes current measurement passage identical with the gain of the passage of described receiving coil; After the collection signal of record current Measurement channel and receiving coil passage in measurement mode, utilize the method for Fourier transform to extract two vectors, and be designated as current vector and voltage vector respectively.
Preferably, in the phase calibration method of induction logging current measurement of the present invention, it is characterized in that, in described electric current correction determining step, when after system stability, according to the vector angle of obtained current vector and voltage vector determination measured current and real current, thus the actual current value recorded is revised.
Preferably, in the phase calibration method of induction logging current measurement of the present invention, the frequency of the emission current of described single-frequency is 40kHz.
Preferably, in the phase calibration method of induction logging current measurement of the present invention, it is characterized in that, the initial distance between described receiving coil and transmitting coil is 0.4 inch, and the distance after adjustment is 0.42 inch.
After said method is demarcated phase place, the phase place of current measurement has degree of precision, significant to the deviation location between instrument response and theoretical response.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing 1 is the schematic diagram of cubical array induction logging instrument measuring-signal.
Accompanying drawing 2 is the graph of a relation of current phase of transmitting coil, stratigraphic unit ring, receiving coil.
Accompanying drawing 3 is the block diagram of the current measurement system of cubical array induction logging instrument.
Accompanying drawing 4 is the structured flowchart of the coil array of cubical array induction logging instrument.
Accompanying drawing 5 is the vectogram of induced voltage and emission current.
Detailed description of the invention
The minor variations of the phase calibration method supposition transmitting coil of current measurement of the present invention and the distance of receiving coil only affects the imaginary part of apparent conductivity, and it is negligible on the impact of real part, vertical with current vector through measuring the difference of apparent conductivity vector obtained, and and phase difference between the actual current vector recorded just can as the correction of current measurement phase place.
Below, the phase calibration method for current measurement of the present invention is specifically described.
Accompanying drawing 3 is the system block diagram of the current measurement of cubical array induction logging instrument.As shown in Figure 3, cubical array induction logging instrument adopts direct digital frequency synthesis technology to produce by digital signal processing unit (being abbreviated as DSP) and transmits, this signal, after power drive unit amplifies, drives transmitting coil, in certain space underexcitation multifrequency variation magnetic field.Current transformer is adopted directly to measure emission current, after current-voltage conversion, send to the input of pre-amplifier unit, together be exaggerated with the induced voltage of receiving coil, eventually pass induced voltage signal and emission current signal that AD conversion unit (being abbreviated as ADC) obtains induction coil, first digital signal processing unit obtains the time domain waveform of signal, the width adopting associated extraction technology to obtain the signal of each passage in digital signal processing unit is worth mutually, i.e. each subarray
and emission current
.
Current Voltage converting unit mainly comprises sampling resistor, linear drive circuit, signal transformer and resistance decrement network.And current transformer (TC), linear transform circuit, pre-amplifier unit joint, signal transformer are the signal condition parts in current measurement passage, it is all identical that pre-amplifier unit and AD conversion unit can realize the circuit gain of each passage by interior carving method, and the phase error that this part is introduced can not be considered.And the measure error that current transformer (TC), linear transform circuit, pre-amplifier unit joint, signal transformer part are introduced cannot be eliminated by interior quarter, like this, the actual emission current recorded just and between real emission current there are differences.This difference by the directly coupling signal that causes recording and current vector non-orthogonal, make to produce between calibration factor and 1 to depart from more greatly.In order to eliminate the error that in current measurement passage, conversion fraction is introduced, needing to demarcate current measurement, being referred to as to carve in current measurement.Carve in current measurement and can be realized by comparing between the record data of cubical array induction logging instrument and the practical measurement of current value utilizing other equipment to measure, the feature of cubical array induction instrument aratus itself also can be utilized to demarcate current measurement.
Below the scale phase error of cubical array induction logging instrument is analyzed.
As mentioned before, if real current is
, and the electric current recorded is
, actual measurement induced voltage is
, so
……（6）
As can be seen here, there is the existence of error, and in the instrument manufacturing stage, the source of this error cannot be located, difficulty is brought to case study.But can the problems referred to above be eliminated by carrying out demarcation to the phase error of current measurement.
Particularly, accompanying drawing 4 is the structured flowchart of the coil array of cubical array induction logging instrument.As shown in Figure 4, if the initial distance between receiving coil (Coil0) and transmitting coil Tx is L, above-mentioned distance is made to increase △ L1, the record actual measurement voltage as distance L1=L+ △ L1 after changing
, when making above-mentioned distance continue to increase △ L2, when making the distance L2=L+ △ L2 after change, record actual measurement voltage
.
Accompanying drawing 5 is vectograms of induced voltage and emission current, and as shown in Figure 5, the change of voltage vector is vertical with electric current.In Fig. 5,
inductive voltage value measured when spacing for transmitting coil Tx and receiving coil (Coil0) is L1, vector
inductive voltage value measured when spacing for transmitting coil Tx and receiving coil (Coil0) is L2, vector
for the vector differentials of measured two induced voltages.Current vector is
, and and voltage vector
vertically, the actual current vector recorded
with real current vector
between there is vector difference
, namely
, then
, can be in the hope of according to this formula
, then basis
, can revise the actual current value recorded, and obtain the apparent conductivity of actual measurement (reality) according to following formula (7):
……（7）
Wherein
for the induced voltage vector of the actual receiving coil recorded, K is instrumental constant, I
tfor real current,
for apparent conductivity, I
afor measured current,
for the vector angle of measured current and real current,
for the real part of apparent conductivity,
for the imaginary part of apparent conductivity.
Concrete correction step is as follows:
A. in the present embodiment, if the initial distance between receiving coil (Coil0) and transmitting coil Tx is L1, L1=0.4 inch is established at this;
Transmitting through power drive unit amplification and after current transformer b. from digital signal processing unit, in transmitting coil, launch the emission current of single-frequency, its frequency is 40kHz;
C. the gain of pre-amplifier unit, AD conversion unit is demarcated, its objective is that to make current measurement passage identical with the gain of the passage of receiving coil (Coil0);
D. the collection signal of record current Measurement channel and receiving coil (Coil0) passage in measurement mode, then utilizes the method for Fourier transform to extract two vectors, is designated as current vector respectively
and voltage vector
;
E. the distance between receiving coil (Coil0) and transmitting coil is adjusted to L2, establishes L2=0.42 inch at this;
F. repeat the work of b, c, d, and obtained current vector and voltage vector are designated as
with
;
G. when after system stability, ordinary circumstance twice experimental record
with
differ very little, can ignore in analysis;
H. calculate respectively
, then utilize and obtain
+
=
obtain
(as shown in Figure 5), thus the actual current value recorded is revised, and obtain the apparent conductivity of actual measurement (reality) according to above-mentioned formula (7).
After said method is demarcated current measurement, eliminate the error that current measurement link is introduced, thus make current measurement phase place have degree of precision, significant to the deviation location between instrument response and theoretical response.
By the description of above embodiment, those skilled in the art can understand, and when without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, can also do various change and replacement to the specific embodiment of the present invention.These change and replace and all drop in claims of the present invention limited range.
Claims (6)
1. the phase calibration method of an induction logging current measurement, the error of the current measurement adopting array induction logging instrument to carry out caused by the minor variations of the distance of transmitting coil and receiving coil in induction logging process is demarcated, described array induction logging instrument comprises pre-amplifier unit, D/A conversion unit, it is characterized in that
Phase difference between the current vector obtain the difference and actual measurement of measuring the apparent conductivity vector obtained is revised as the correction of current measurement phase place measured current, obtains the apparent conductivity of actual measurement thus, comprising:
(1) step of the initial distance between receiving coil and transmitting coil is set;
(2) current vector and voltage vector extraction step, extracts two vectors, is designated as current vector and voltage vector respectively from the collection signal of current measurement passage and receiving coil passage;
(3) adjust the distance between described receiving coil and described transmitting coil, and repeat described current vector and voltage vector extraction step, carry out the step of the extraction of current vector and voltage vector;
(4) electric current correction determining step, according to the current vector obtained in step (3) and voltage vector, determines the correction of current value;
(5) according to the correction of determined current value in step (4), the apparent conductivity of actual measurement is obtained according to following formula (7),
……(7)
Wherein
for the induced voltage vector of the receiving coil of actual measurement, K is instrumental constant, I
tfor real current,
for apparent conductivity, I
afor measured current,
for the vector angle of measured current and real current,
for the real part of apparent conductivity,
for the imaginary part of apparent conductivity.
2. the phase calibration method of induction logging current measurement as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described current vector and voltage vector extraction step comprise the steps:
The emission current of single-frequency is launched in transmitting coil;
The gain of described pre-amplifier unit and described D/A conversion unit is demarcated, makes current measurement passage identical with the gain of the passage of described receiving coil;
After the collection signal of record current Measurement channel and receiving coil passage in measurement mode, utilize the method for Fourier transform to extract two vectors, and be designated as current vector and voltage vector respectively.
3. the phase calibration method of induction logging current measurement as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, in described electric current correction determining step, when after system stability, according to the vector angle of obtained current vector and voltage vector determination measured current and real current, thus the actual current value recorded is revised.
4. the phase calibration method of induction logging current measurement as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the frequency of the emission current of described single-frequency is 40kHz.
5. the phase calibration method of induction logging current measurement as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, the frequency of the emission current of described single-frequency is 40kHz.
6. the phase calibration method of induction logging current measurement as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, the initial distance between described receiving coil and transmitting coil is 0.4 inch, and the distance after adjustment is 0.42 inch.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106646636A (en) * | 2016-12-26 | 2017-05-10 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Method of calculating stratum true conductivity by using well axis electric field distribution |
| CN109581517A (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2019-04-05 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司江汉油田分公司勘探开发研究院 | Array induction apparent conductivity weight coefficient calculation method and device |
| CN109779621A (en) * | 2019-01-30 | 2019-05-21 | 北京工业大学 | Method and device for responding to logging of induction logging instrument |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106646636A (en) * | 2016-12-26 | 2017-05-10 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Method of calculating stratum true conductivity by using well axis electric field distribution |
| CN109581517A (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2019-04-05 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司江汉油田分公司勘探开发研究院 | Array induction apparent conductivity weight coefficient calculation method and device |
| CN109779621A (en) * | 2019-01-30 | 2019-05-21 | 北京工业大学 | Method and device for responding to logging of induction logging instrument |
| CN109779621B (en) * | 2019-01-30 | 2022-05-13 | 北京工业大学 | Method and device for responding to logging of induction logging instrument |
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