CN104453004B - A kind of mixing energy-eliminating shock-absorbing damping unit - Google Patents
A kind of mixing energy-eliminating shock-absorbing damping unit Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104453004B CN104453004B CN201410734331.8A CN201410734331A CN104453004B CN 104453004 B CN104453004 B CN 104453004B CN 201410734331 A CN201410734331 A CN 201410734331A CN 104453004 B CN104453004 B CN 104453004B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- granular system
- energy
- container
- removable
- liquid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Landscapes
- Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of energy consumption effect and more preferably mix energy-eliminating shock-absorbing damping unit.Including container, granular system, viscous liquid and spring system, wherein: granular system is made up of solid particle, bearing rod and fixed plate.The comprehensive granule damper of the present invention and the advantage of Tuned Liquid, when damping unit moves, liquid sloshing consumes energy, and the hole between granule increases liquid sloshing energy dissipation capacity；Liquid sloshing drives the motion of removable granular system simultaneously, by removable granular system clash in reciprocating motion inside fix granular system consumed energy.The collision of liquid phase friction energy-dissipating, solid phase and the multiple mixed energy dissipation mechanisms such as friction energy-dissipating, make the damper of the present invention and tradition single power consumption principle compared with have bigger advantage.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to energy-eliminating shock-absorbing technical field, relate to a kind of mixing energy-eliminating shock-absorbing damping unit.
Background technology
Along with the development of science and technology, it is requisite that structural vibration reduction control device has become building and structures vibration damping
Constructional device.So-called structural vibration reduction controls, it is simply that structurally arrange additional control device, by attachment device and structure itself two
The dynamic action such as person resists earthquake jointly and wind shakes, thus reduce the dynamic response of structure, to meet safety of structure, usability
Functional requirement with comfortableness.According to the difference of control mechanism, structural vibration reduction controls to be divided into passive control, actively control, mixing
Control and semi-active control.Commonly use in civil engineering at present is passive control, and passive control can be divided into direct energy dissipating (to consume energy
Vibration damping) method, vibration isolation (basis vibration isolation) method, transfer (absorbing vibration damping) energy method etc., more commonly use or studied more technology such as
Tuned mass damper, Tuned Liquid, granule damper etc.；Wherein, tuning quality damping (TMD) and tuning liquid
It is actual that body damping (TLD) has moved towards engineering, and granule damping is the most progressively applied to field of civil engineering, locates at present
In theoretic discussion and experimental stage.Principle, the optimization method of these antivibrator effects have been made numerous studies, engineering by many scholars
Technology maturation, effectiveness in vibration suppression is stable.But in engineering is extensively applied, these damping units also manifest some shortcomings.Such as, many
The number antivibrator mechanism of action is single, damping capacity has limitation；It addition, the most also there is negative shadow in some damping units
Ringing, as granule damps normal response lag and produces noise, the additional damping that tuning fluid damping provides is less etc..Develop and open
Deficiency when the novel energy-eliminating shock-absorbing device sending out simple and practical overcomes or avoids being used alone device has become and has met engineering need
The inexorable trend wanted.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of comprehensively utilize solid particle, viscous liquid, mechanical part composition mixing energy dissipating
Vibration-reducing and damping device, this device vibration damping bandwidth, noise are little, satisfactory for result.
Technical scheme is as follows:
The mixing energy-eliminating shock-absorbing damping unit that the present invention proposes, including container 1, removable granular system 2, fixing granule
It is 3, viscous liquid 4 and spring system 5, wherein: described removable granular system 2 and fixing granular system 3 are disposed vertically in appearance
In device 1, fixing granular system 3 for one group and may move between granular system 2 at two groups, container 1 is built with viscous liquid 4, described
Removable granular system 2 is made up of several solid particles 6, bearing rod 7 and fixed plate 8, and several solid particles 6 are along longitudinal direction
With transversely arranged, forming square formation, diametrically perforate in the middle part of solid particle 6, described bearing rod 7 sequentially passes through horizontal arranged consolidating
Osseotomy site in the middle part of body granule 6, bearing rod 7 two ends connect tracks 9 through the reserving hole 11 in fixed plate 8, its end；
Described tracks 9 is fixed on container 1 inwall, and described tracks 9 is horizontally disposed, is positioned at fortune adjacent in same level
It is provided with fixed card slot 10 between dynamic track 9；Described fixed plate 8 connects container 1 inwall by spring system 5；Described fixing granule
System 3 is made up of several solid particles 6 and bearing rod 7, and several solid particles 6 arrange in longitudinally and laterally away, composition side
Battle array, diametrically perforate in the middle part of solid particle 6, described bearing rod 7 sequentially passes through aperture portion in the middle part of horizontal arranged solid particle 6
Position, described bearing rod 7 two ends connect the fixed card slot 10 on container 1 inwall respectively；Described viscous liquid 4 is by one or more liquid
Body mixes, and can vibrate in container 1, and its mechanism of action is similar to Tuned Liquid, by free during liquid sloshing
The rubbing action consumed energy of the breaker effect on surface and liquid and chamber wall, container lateral pressure is provided knot by liquid sloshing
The restoring force of structure, reduces structural vibration amplitude；Described removable granular system 2 mutually touches with fixing granular system 3 in container 1
Hitting power consumption, the restoring force of spring system 5 helps removable granular system 2 and fixing granular system 3 to realize clashing into；Viscous liquid 4
With the mutual friction energy-dissipating of solid particle 6 on removable granular system 2 and fixing granular system 3, simultaneously composition between granule
Hole, can increase fluid viscosity, improves energy dissipation capacity；Solid particle on removable granular system 2 and fixing granular system 3 is also
Can slide along bearing rod 7 direction, mutual energy by collision.
In the present invention, described container 1 is internal is provided with spring system 5, makes removable granular system 2 to fixing by restoring force
Granular system 3 direction moves, it is achieved effective collision is consumed energy.Spring system parameter (such as quantity, stiffness factor) is set simultaneously
With the quality of removable granular system 2, make the motion frequency of removable granular system 2 tune with structure fundamental frequency, improve vibration damping consumption
Can efficiency.
In the present invention, described fixed plate 8 is provided with spring carrier arm 12, and described spring carrier arm 12 mates with spring system 5.
In the present invention, in described container 1, central bottom is provided with connecting rod granular system.Connecting rod granular system is divided into removable
Plastochondria system 2 and fixing granular system 3.Wherein the vibration damping of lengthwise movement by removable granular system 2 and fixing granular system 3 it
Between mutually collided；The vibration damping of transverse movement is by solid particle 6 edge in removable granular system 2 and fixing granular system 3
Move and energy by collision in bearing rod 7 direction.
In the present invention, described container 1 can be connected with by vibration-proof structure by holder or suspender, is arranged on by antivibrator
Passive energy dissipation effect is reached in structure.Holder can be taked to make antivibrator be fixed on inside frame structure by nut, can take
Suspender makes antivibrator be suspended in inside main structure by suspension rod.
In the present invention, this viscous liquid 4 described can take one or more stable liquid that viscosity is different, can be layered
Or mixing.
In the present invention, the design of described tracks 9 and fixed card slot 10 can conveniently be replaced connecting rod and be may move granular system
2, fixing granular system 3.
The present invention compared with prior art, has the following advantages and beneficial effect:
1, present configuration is clearly simple, and uses removable inner link granular system and liquid, can be permanently effective
Help structural vibration reduction consumes energy.
2, present invention mixing utilizes granule damping unit, the advantage of tuning liquid damping device, increases vibration damping frequency band, strengthens
Passive energy dissipation effect.
3, the hole formed between granule can improve liquid sloshing damping, improves energy efficiency.
4, spring not only can realize connecting rod granular system and produce effective collision, make simultaneously the motion of removable granular system 2 with
Structure fundamental frequency tunes, and increases energy consumption effect.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the front view of the assay device of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the left view of the assay device of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the top view of the assay device of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is antivibrator granule detail drawing.
Fig. 5 is fixed plate front view.
Fig. 6 is fixed plate left view.
Fig. 7 is fixing granular system detail drawing.
Fig. 8 is removable granular system detail drawing.
Fig. 9 is container detail drawing.
Figure 10 is container 1-1 profile.
Label in figure: 1 is container, 2 is removable granular system, and 3 is fixing granular system, and 4 is viscous liquid, and 5 is bullet
Spring body system, 6 is solid particle, and 7 is bearing rod, and 8 is fixed plate, and 9 is tracks, and 10 is fixed card slot, and 11 is reserving hole,
12 is spring carrier arm.
Detailed description of the invention
It is described further with example below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
Embodiment 1: referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 is assay device overall structure all directions view schematic diagram of the present invention.
Container 1 is cuboid, accommodates all power consumption materials.Removable granular system 2 is made up of one or more materials
One or more solid particles 6, bearing rod 7 and fixed plate 8 form.Fixing granular system 3 is made up of one or more materials
One or more solid particles 6 and bearing rod 7 form.Viscous liquid 4 is made up of one or more stable liquid, can be layered
Or mixing.Its physical property requires heat-resisting, the most volatile, nonflammable, stable chemical nature, and viscosity regards controlled structural requirement
Energy dissipation capacity depending on.If plurality of liquid is used in mixed way, it is desirable to too drastic chemical reaction can not occur, anyization does not the most occur
Learn reaction, effect corrosion-free to granule.Tracks 9 and fixed card slot 10 can facilitate damping unit in use
Change fixing granular system 2, removable granular system 3.
Concrete, refer to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, assay device overall structure all directions view schematic diagram of the present invention.Figure
Middle (center) bearing bar 7 is connected by container 1 flank movement track 9 and container 1, can freely roll；Solid particle 6 is gone here and there at bearing rod 7
On；Fixed plate hole-opening 11, diameter mates with bearing rod 7 so that bearing rod 7 is securable in fixed plate 8.Fixed plate 8 avris
Several spring carrier arms 12 of projection, can be connected with spring system 5, and spring system 5 other end is connected with container 1.By some
The removable granular system 2 of certain or many kinds of solids granule 6 composition and fixing granular system 3 be placed in container 1, can between granule
Collision and friction energy-dissipating.Backward container 1 in inject certain viscous liquid 4 a certain amount of, by liquid sloshing, the side pressure to container
Power can reduce structure motion amplitude as structure restoring force, and the most intergranular aperture plays lattice effect, increases liquid and glues
Property, improve energy dissipation capacity.During this between self ingredient of viscous liquid 4 can friction energy-dissipating, viscous liquid 4 is with removable
Between solid particle 6 on granular system 2, fixing granular system 3 can friction energy-dissipating, removable granular system 2 and fixing granule
System 3 can mutual energy by collision, mutually collide between removable granular system 2, fixing granular system 3 self composition granule and rub
Wipe power consumption.The kind of viscous liquid 4 can be adjusted according to practical situations with volume.Determine removable granular system 2,
After fixing granular system 3 and viscous liquid 4, spring 5 parameter (quantity, rigidity system can be designed according to the dynamic trait of controlled structure
Number), make removable granular system 2 and controlled structurally tuned motion, reach more preferably effectiveness in vibration suppression.
In granule detail drawing shown in Fig. 4, diametrically perforate in the middle part of solid particle 6, for connecting with bearing rod 7, solid
Grain 6 diameters are slightly larger than bearing rod 7 diameter, it is simple to solid particle 6 slides along bearing rod and collides.
Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 is front view and the side view of fixed plate 8 respectively, fixed plate hole-opening 11, diameter and bearing rod 7
Join so that bearing rod 7 is securable in fixed plate 8.Several spring carrier arms 12 of fixed plate 8 avris projection, can be with spring system 5
Being connected, spring system 5 other end is connected with container 1.
Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 is fixing granular system 2 and removable granular system 3 detail of construction respectively.Removable granular system 2
It is made up of solid particle 6, bearing rod 7 and fixed plate 8；Fixing granular system 3 is made up of solid particle 6 and bearing rod 7.
Fig. 9 and Figure 10 is container 1 profile and 1-1 profile respectively.Be carved with respectively on container 1 wall tracks 9 and
Fixed card slot 10, diameter mates with bearing rod 7, and tracks 9 can make removable granular system 2 slidably, fixed card slot 10
It is connected fixing with container 1 for fixing granular system 3.
The above-mentioned description to embodiment is to be understood that for ease of those skilled in the art and apply this
Bright.These embodiments obviously easily can be made various amendment by person skilled in the art, and described herein
General Principle is applied in other embodiments without through performing creative labour.Therefore, the invention is not restricted to enforcement here
Example, those skilled in the art should be the present invention's according to the announcement of the present invention, the improvement made for the present invention and amendment
Within protection domain.
Claims (3)
1. a mixing energy-eliminating shock-absorbing damping unit, including container (1), removable granular system (2), fixing granular system (3),
Viscous liquid (4) and spring system (5), it is characterised in that: described removable granular system (2) and fixing granular system (3) hang down
In being directly positioned over container (1), fix granular system (3) for one group and be positioned at two groups and may move between granular system (2), in container (1)
Equipped with viscous liquid (4), described removable granular system (2) is by several solid particles (6), bearing rod (7) and fixed plate (8)
Composition, several solid particles (6) arrange in longitudinally and laterally away, form diametrically perforate in the middle part of square formation, solid particle (6),
Described bearing rod (7) sequentially passes through horizontal arranged solid particle (6) middle part osseotomy site, and bearing rod (7) two ends are through solid
Determining the reserving hole (11) on plate (8), its end connects tracks (9)；Described tracks (9) is fixed in container (1)
On wall, described tracks (9) is horizontally disposed, is positioned between tracks (9) adjacent in same level and is provided with fixing card
Groove (10)；Described fixed plate (8) connects container (1) inwall by spring system (5)；Described fixing granular system (3) is by some
Individual solid particle (6) and bearing rod (7) composition, several solid particles (6) arrange in longitudinally and laterally away, form square formation, Gu
Body granule (6) middle part diametrically perforate, described bearing rod (7) sequentially passes through horizontal arranged solid particle (6) middle part perforate
Position, described bearing rod (7) two ends connect the fixed card slot (10) on container (1) inwall respectively；Described viscous liquid (4) is by one
Planting or plurality of liquid mixes, can vibrate in container (1), its mechanism of action is similar to Tuned Liquid, passes through liquid
The rubbing action consumed energy of the breaker effect of Free Surface and liquid and chamber wall when body rocks, liquid sloshing is to container side
Pressure provides the restoring force to structure, reduces structural vibration amplitude；Described removable granular system (2) is in container (1) and consolidates
Determining granular system (3) mutually energy by collision, the restoring force of spring system (5) helps removable granular system (2) and fixing granule
System (3) realizes clashing into；Viscous liquid (4) and the solid particle on removable granular system (2) and fixing granular system (3)
(6) mutual friction energy-dissipating, the hole of composition between granule, can increase fluid viscosity simultaneously, improves energy dissipation capacity；Removable granule
Solid particle in system (2) and fixing granular system (3) also can slide along bearing rod (7) direction, mutual energy by collision.
A kind of mixing energy-eliminating shock-absorbing damping unit the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described container (1) is internal to be set
There is spring system (5), make removable granular system (2) move to fixing granular system (3) direction by restoring force, it is achieved
Effective collision is consumed energy, and arranges spring system parameter and the quality of removable granular system (2) simultaneously, makes removable granular system
(2) motion frequency tunes with structure fundamental frequency, improves oscillation damping and energy dissipating efficiency.
A kind of mixing energy-eliminating shock-absorbing damping unit the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described fixed plate sets on (8)
Spring carrier arm (12), described spring carrier arm (12) is had to mate with spring system (5).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410734331.8A CN104453004B (en) | 2014-12-08 | 2014-12-08 | A kind of mixing energy-eliminating shock-absorbing damping unit |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410734331.8A CN104453004B (en) | 2014-12-08 | 2014-12-08 | A kind of mixing energy-eliminating shock-absorbing damping unit |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104453004A CN104453004A (en) | 2015-03-25 |
| CN104453004B true CN104453004B (en) | 2016-08-24 |
Family
ID=52899697
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410734331.8A Active CN104453004B (en) | 2014-12-08 | 2014-12-08 | A kind of mixing energy-eliminating shock-absorbing damping unit |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN104453004B (en) |
Families Citing this family (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105297940B (en) * | 2015-11-19 | 2017-12-08 | 同济大学 | Combined multiphase vibration absorber |
| CN105756216A (en) * | 2016-04-07 | 2016-07-13 | 北京建筑大学 | Tuned mass damper with collision energy dissipating function |
| CN105863097B (en) * | 2016-05-11 | 2017-12-26 | 同济大学 | Non-liner track formula cooperates with tuned damper |
| CN106088378A (en) * | 2016-06-13 | 2016-11-09 | 同济大学 | Anti-fall damping screen annular Tuned Liquid of collapsing |
| CN106012888B (en) * | 2016-06-15 | 2017-12-22 | 河南交通职业技术学院 | A kind of highway bridge vehicle upper crash system and its means of defence |
| CN106353076A (en) * | 2016-07-07 | 2017-01-25 | 大连海事大学 | Tester for determining dynamic characteristic coefficient of squeeze film damper |
| CN108442276B (en) * | 2016-08-16 | 2020-07-17 | 泉州台商投资区国钗商贸有限公司 | Bendable column |
| CN106437263B (en) * | 2016-10-18 | 2018-08-24 | 同济大学 | Utilize the damper of friction and impact energy consumption |
| CN106567590B (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2019-03-01 | 同济大学 | A kind of non-linear mixing rotation energy-consumption damper |
| CN106337594B (en) * | 2016-11-10 | 2018-06-05 | 同济大学 | Multistage spring granule damper |
| CN107326752A (en) * | 2017-08-03 | 2017-11-07 | 华东交通大学 | A kind of piston type rail damper |
| CN108442342A (en) * | 2018-05-21 | 2018-08-24 | 河南罡源电子科技有限公司 | A kind of construction method in hydraulic engineering energy dissipating hole |
| CN108488305B (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2020-12-18 | 上海理工大学 | Elastic collision damper with thickening fluid |
Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU1439322A1 (en) * | 1987-03-23 | 1988-11-23 | Центр Методологии Изобретательства | Vibration damper |
| JP2000046106A (en) * | 1998-07-31 | 2000-02-18 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | Damping panel |
| JP2000213591A (en) * | 1999-01-28 | 2000-08-02 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | Vibration damping panel |
| CN101644306A (en) * | 2008-08-04 | 2010-02-10 | 吕崇耀 | Wet type particle system and wet type extruding particle damper using same |
| CN102817423A (en) * | 2012-09-11 | 2012-12-12 | 同济大学 | Buffer-type suspension-type particle tuning quality damper |
| CN102888904A (en) * | 2012-10-23 | 2013-01-23 | 同济大学 | Novel two-dimensional tuning mass damper |
| CN203129004U (en) * | 2013-01-22 | 2013-08-14 | 同济大学 | Support type particle damper of friction pendulum |
| CN103291818A (en) * | 2013-06-04 | 2013-09-11 | 同济大学 | Hybrid energy dissipation vibration damping device |
| CN103498884A (en) * | 2013-10-08 | 2014-01-08 | 同济大学 | Suspension type multi-unit impact damper |
| CN103541460A (en) * | 2013-11-08 | 2014-01-29 | 同济大学 | Novel tuned particle mass damper |
-
2014
- 2014-12-08 CN CN201410734331.8A patent/CN104453004B/en active Active
Patent Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU1439322A1 (en) * | 1987-03-23 | 1988-11-23 | Центр Методологии Изобретательства | Vibration damper |
| JP2000046106A (en) * | 1998-07-31 | 2000-02-18 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | Damping panel |
| JP2000213591A (en) * | 1999-01-28 | 2000-08-02 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | Vibration damping panel |
| CN101644306A (en) * | 2008-08-04 | 2010-02-10 | 吕崇耀 | Wet type particle system and wet type extruding particle damper using same |
| CN102817423A (en) * | 2012-09-11 | 2012-12-12 | 同济大学 | Buffer-type suspension-type particle tuning quality damper |
| CN102888904A (en) * | 2012-10-23 | 2013-01-23 | 同济大学 | Novel two-dimensional tuning mass damper |
| CN203129004U (en) * | 2013-01-22 | 2013-08-14 | 同济大学 | Support type particle damper of friction pendulum |
| CN103291818A (en) * | 2013-06-04 | 2013-09-11 | 同济大学 | Hybrid energy dissipation vibration damping device |
| CN103498884A (en) * | 2013-10-08 | 2014-01-08 | 同济大学 | Suspension type multi-unit impact damper |
| CN103541460A (en) * | 2013-11-08 | 2014-01-29 | 同济大学 | Novel tuned particle mass damper |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN104453004A (en) | 2015-03-25 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN104453004B (en) | A kind of mixing energy-eliminating shock-absorbing damping unit | |
| CN105863097B (en) | Non-liner track formula cooperates with tuned damper | |
| CN105297940B (en) | Combined multiphase vibration absorber | |
| CN106320558B (en) | Mixed type multidimensional multistage dissipative damping device | |
| CN103541458B (en) | A kind of novel Tuned Liquid | |
| CN104005492B (en) | Quicksand type mixing energy-dissipating and shock-absorbing damping unit | |
| CN108385509B (en) | Particle swarm idler wheel cooperates with tuned damper | |
| CN204510508U (en) | U-shaped tubular container vibration absorber | |
| CN104594519B (en) | Two-way variation rigidity particle tuned mass damper | |
| CN106930425B (en) | Suspension nested tunes liquid particles damper | |
| CN104612280B (en) | Compound energy-consumption damping control device | |
| CN107419816B (en) | Vibration damper for controlling three-dimensional translation and torsion direction thereof | |
| CN103291818A (en) | Hybrid energy dissipation vibration damping device | |
| CN107606027B (en) | A kind of non-linear vibration damping device of two-freedom collision | |
| CN103590503A (en) | Waterlogged sponge energy absorption and vibration attenuation device | |
| CN204174776U (en) | A kind of piston cantilever impact type tuned mass damper, TMD | |
| CN105821983A (en) | Multidimensional vibration/shock-absorbing tuned mass damper | |
| CN204435592U (en) | Compound energy-consumption damping control device | |
| CN105672518B (en) | A kind of tuned mass damper for power consumption of being shaken using whirlpool | |
| CN107762229A (en) | The current vortex dissipative damping device of controlled level and torsional direction | |
| CN105332442A (en) | Particle damper with nonlinear rigidity | |
| CN106522400B (en) | Multi-threshold control type tuned mass damper | |
| JPS62292943A (en) | Dynamic vibration reducer | |
| CN203977610U (en) | Quicksand type mixing energy-dissipating and shock-absorbing damping unit | |
| CN205776856U (en) | Mass particle liquid works in coordination with tuned damper |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |