CN104449861B - A kind of carbonaceous material staged conversion device and method - Google Patents
A kind of carbonaceous material staged conversion device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104449861B CN104449861B CN201410647204.4A CN201410647204A CN104449861B CN 104449861 B CN104449861 B CN 104449861B CN 201410647204 A CN201410647204 A CN 201410647204A CN 104449861 B CN104449861 B CN 104449861B
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- gas distributor
- carbonaceous material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
- C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
- C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
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- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of carbonaceous material staged conversion device and method, it is related to the gasification technology field of the carbonaceous materials such as coal and biomass, the carbonaceous material staged conversion apparatus structure and installation are simple, simple to operate, and will not can not be forced to stop caused by each conversion zone flows because of material.Carbonaceous material staged conversion device disclosed by the invention includes：Body of heater, the lower portion of furnace body is provided tiltedly with gas distributor, the opening direction in hole and the vertical line on the gas distributor surface are in predetermined angular on the gas distributor, so that the gasifying agent and/or incendiary agent injected by the gas distributor in the body of heater form stable single cycle flow field in the height direction；The bottom of furnace body edge, the opening position being connected with the low level of the gas distributor are provided with slag-drip opening；The side relative with the slag-drip opening is provided with charging aperture in the side wall of the body of heater.Carbonaceous material staged conversion device and method disclosed by the invention is applied to the staged conversion process of carbonaceous material.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the gasification technology field of the carbonaceous materials such as coal and biomass, more particularly to a kind of carbonaceous material to be classified
Reforming unit and method.
Background technology
Coal grading trans-utilization technology is to organically combine multiple processes such as the upgrading of coal, pyrolysis, gasification, burning, from
And the chemicals and byproduct of various process are obtained, and can realize that the coupling of pollutant suppresses and effectively removed, so as to use
More economical method solves the control problem of pollutant during coal utilization, so as to realize that the comprehensive high-efficiency of coal utilizes.
Disclosed staged conversion device and method in the prior art, it is essentially all by coal by specific device structure
Staged conversion each stage makes a distinction, and is specially：It is distributed in gasification furnace shell at least provided with two layers of the gas in well plate format
Device, the inner space of gasification furnace is divided into upper sheaf space, middle space and lower layer space, these three spaces are from top to bottom successively
Partial thermal decomposition area, catalytic gasification area and residue char area in corresponding coal grading conversion.During catalytic coal gasifaction, coal dust is in portion
Pyrolysis zone is divided to contact gas stream and the portion with partial thermal decomposition coal dust, generated containing methane with the gas stream from catalytic gasification area
Divide the coal dust of pyrolysis；Catalytic gasification area is dropped down onto under the coal dust of partial thermal decomposition, in the presence of a catalyst with from residue char area
Gas stream contact, generate gas stream and not sufficiently reactive coal residue, wherein, gas stream rises to partial thermal decomposition
Area, residue char area is dropped down onto under not sufficiently reactive coal residue；Coal residue contacts in residue char area with gasifying agent, generates gas
Logistics and lime-ash, wherein, gas stream rises to catalytic gasification area, lime-ash discharge gasification furnace.In above-mentioned gasification, solid
Material is to be flowed by the overflow pipe on the gas distributor that is set in the furnace shell that gasifies between each space, operating process
In can not accurately control material overflow, easily cause overflow pipe vent plug, block flowing of the material between each space, can not realize
Staged conversion of the coal dust in stove, so as to be forced to stop；Also, above-mentioned gasification furnace structure is complicated, inner member processing, installation are tired
It is difficult.
The content of the invention
It is a primary object of the present invention to, there is provided a kind of carbonaceous material staged conversion device and method, structure and installation letter
It is single, simple to operate, and will not can not be forced to stop caused by each conversion zone flows because of material.
To reach above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
On the one hand, the invention provides a kind of carbonaceous material staged conversion device, including body of heater, the lower portion of furnace body to tilt
Provided with gas distributor, the opening direction in hole and the vertical line on the gas distributor surface are in predetermined angle on the gas distributor
Degree, so that the gasifying agent and/or incendiary agent injected by the gas distributor in the body of heater are formed surely in the height direction
Fixed single cycle flow field；
The bottom of furnace body edge, the opening position being connected with the low level of the gas distributor are provided with slag-drip opening；
The side relative with the slag-drip opening is provided with charging aperture in the side wall of the body of heater.
Alternatively, the angle of the gas distributor and horizontal plane is 5~30 °.
Preferably, the angle of the gas distributor and horizontal plane is 10~20 °.
Alternatively, on the gas distributor vertical line on the opening direction in hole and the gas distributor surface in 0~
90°。
Further, at least one air chamber is provided between the gas distributor lower surface and the body of heater bottom wall.
Preferably, the first air chamber and the second air chamber are provided between the gas distributor lower surface and the body of heater bottom wall；
First air chamber is disposed adjacent with the slag-drip opening, and second air chamber is oppositely arranged with the slag-drip opening.
On the other hand, the embodiment of the present invention additionally provides a kind of carbonaceous material staged conversion method, has used any of the above-described
Carbonaceous material staged conversion device described in technical scheme, methods described include：
Carbonaceous material is passed through into body of heater by charging aperture；
Gasifying agent and/or incendiary agent, the gasifying agent are passed through into the body of heater by the gas distributor being obliquely installed
And/or incendiary agent forms stable single cycle flow field in the short transverse in the body of heater, also, from upper in the body of heater
At least one reaction zone is sequentially formed under and.
Specifically, at least one reaction zone specifically includes：The identical or different pyrolysis zone of temperature range, gasification zone,
Combustion zone.
Alternatively, the gas distributor by being obliquely installed is passed through gasifying agent and/or incendiary agent into the body of heater
Specifically include：
By the first air chamber that gas distributor bottom is disposed adjacent with slag-drip opening via the gas being obliquely installed point
Cloth device is passed through incendiary agent into the body of heater；By the second air chamber that gas distributor bottom is oppositely arranged with slag-drip opening via inclining
The gas distributor tiltedly set is passed through gasifying agent into the body of heater；Or
By the first air chamber of gas distributor bottom and the second air chamber via the gas distributor being obliquely installed to
Gasifying agent and incendiary agent are passed through in the body of heater.
In addition, during carbonaceous material staged conversion, the pressure in the body of heater is 0.1~7.0MPa.
Carbonaceous material staged conversion device and method provided in an embodiment of the present invention, gas distributor is obliquely installed, and gas
The opening direction in hole and the vertical line on gas distributor surface are in predetermined angular on body distributor, so, in gasification, pass through gas
The gases such as gasifying agent and/or incendiary agent that body distributor is injected in body of heater can form stable in the short transverse in body of heater
Single cycle flow field, by controlling the oxygen concentration in the gases such as gasifying agent and/or incendiary agent, different flow field areas in body of heater can be made
Temperature range needed for the reaction of the temperature in domain and carbonaceous material staged conversion matches, so as to the shape successively from top to bottom in body of heater
Into at least one reaction zone, the staged conversion for realizing carbonaceous material efficiently utilizes；It is that is, provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Carbonaceous material staged conversion device and method, by the single cycle flow field of gasifying agent and/or incendiary agent and to gasifying agent and/or combustion
The control of oxygen concentration can form each reaction zone needed for carbonaceous material in body of heater in burning agent, without in body of heater
Portion is by additionally setting the hardware setting such as dividing plate mode that the inner space of body of heater is divided into each entity space, therefore, this hair
The carbonaceous material staged conversion apparatus structure of bright offer and installation are simple, simple to operate, and carbonaceous material flows in gasification
It is smooth, will not because carbonaceous material can not each conversion zone flow and caused by be forced to stop.
Brief description of the drawings
In order to illustrate more clearly about the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to embodiment or existing
There is the required accompanying drawing used in technology description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only this
Some embodiments of invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, on the premise of not paying creative work, can be with
Other accompanying drawings are obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a kind of carbonaceous material staged conversion apparatus structure schematic diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is a kind of carbonaceous material staged conversion method flow diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out clear, complete
Site preparation describes, it is clear that described embodiment is only the part of the embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiments.Base
Embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art obtained under the premise of creative work is not made it is all its
His embodiment, belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.
As shown in figure 1, the embodiments of the invention provide a kind of carbonaceous material staged conversion device, including body of heater 15, body of heater
15 lower tilts are provided with gas distributor 17, the opening direction in hole and the vertical line on the surface of gas distributor 17 on gas distributor 17
In predetermined angular, so that the gasifying agent and/or incendiary agent shape in the height direction injected by gas distributor 17 in body of heater 15
Into stable single cycle flow field；The bottom margin of body of heater 15, the opening position being connected with the low level of gas distributor 17 are provided with
Slag-drip opening 19；The side relative with slag-drip opening 19 is provided with charging aperture 13 in the side wall of body of heater 15.
Carbonaceous material staged conversion device provided in an embodiment of the present invention, gas distributor 17 are obliquely installed, and gas point
The opening direction in hole and the vertical line on the surface of gas distributor 17 are in predetermined angular on cloth device 17, so, in gasification, pass through gas
The gases such as gasifying agent and/or incendiary agent that body distributor 17 is injected in body of heater 15 can be formed in the short transverse in body of heater 15
Stable single cycle flow field, by controlling the oxygen concentration in the gases such as gasifying agent and/or incendiary agent, can make in body of heater 15 not
Temperature with flow field regions matches with the temperature range needed for the reaction of carbonaceous material staged conversion, so as to interior from upper in body of heater 15
At least one reaction zone is sequentially formed under and, the staged conversion for realizing carbonaceous material efficiently utilizes；That is, the present invention is real
The carbonaceous material staged conversion device of example offer is provided, by the single cycle flow field of gasifying agent and/or incendiary agent and to gasifying agent and/
Or the control of oxygen concentration can form each reaction zone needed for carbonaceous material in body of heater in incendiary agent, without in stove
Internal portion is by additionally setting the hardware setting such as dividing plate mode that the inner space of body of heater is divided into each entity space, therefore,
Carbonaceous material staged conversion apparatus structure provided by the invention and installation are simple, simple to operate, and carbonaceous material in gasification
Flow it is smooth, will not because carbonaceous material can not each conversion zone flow and caused by be forced to stop.
It should be noted that in gasification, by controlling the oxygen concentration in the gases such as gasifying agent and/or incendiary agent,
So that the temperature of different flow field regions matches with the temperature range needed for the reaction of carbonaceous material staged conversion in body of heater 15, it is
Those skilled in the art are according to the species of carbonaceous material, the particle diameter distribution of carbonaceous material and carbonaceous material in actual mechanical process
What the actual conditions such as treating capacity and the operating experience of itself can determine, this is no longer described in detail the present invention.
Specifically, at least one reaction zone sequentially formed from top to bottom in body of heater 15 can specifically include temperature range
Identical or different pyrolysis zone, gasification zone and combustion zone.
In the embodiment of the present invention, as long as the opening direction being obliquely installed with hole on gas distributor 17 of gas distributor 17
Setting cooperate, can enable by gas distributor 17 inject body of heater 15 in gas formed in the height direction such as
The single cycle flow field of stabilization shown in Fig. 1, it can be realized in many ways for their own specific set.
For example, the angle of the gas distributor 17 being obliquely installed and horizontal plane can be 5~30 °, preferably 10~20 °,
For example it can be 5 °, 8 °, 10 °, 12 °, 15 °, 18 °, 20 °, 22 °, 25 °, 28 ° or 30 °.
The opening direction in hole and the vertical line on the surface of gas distributor 17 can be in 0~90 ° on gas distributor 17, such as
0 °, i.e., on gas distributor 17 opening direction in hole can perpendicular to the surface of gas distributor 17, can also be more than 0 ° be less than etc.
In 90 °, such as 10 °, 20 °, 30 °, 45 °, 60 °, 75 ° or 90 °.
Specifically, gas distributor 17 can be gas distribution grid, for example can be flat board distribution grid.The embodiment of the present invention
The parameters such as percent opening and bore size to gas distributor 17 are not construed as limiting, and those skilled in the art can advise according to body of heater
The actual conditions such as mould, material handling capacity are specifically chosen.
Body of heater 15 can be as shown in Figure 1 to be cylindrical, or other shapes, for example can be cuboid, six sides
Cylindricality or eight side column shapes etc., in a word, as long as it can accommodate a certain amount of carbonaceous material, the embodiment of the present invention is not made to this
Limit.
The enterprising material mouth 13 of body of heater 15 is located at the side relative with slag-drip opening 19, that is, is located at the upper level of gas distributor 17
Side；The height of the enterprising material mouth 13 of body of heater 15, i.e. charging aperture 13 arrive the distance of the bottom of body of heater 15, can be according to the processing of body of heater 15
Amount is to hold doses in stove highly to determine, if for example, when the material handling capacity of body of heater 15 is larger, height that charging aperture 13 can be appropriate
A bit；If the material handling capacity of body of heater 15 is smaller, what charging aperture 13 can be suitably is lower, in a word, as long as disclosure satisfy that material
Demand of processing quantity, this is not limited by the present invention.
At least one air chamber can be provided between the lower surface of gas distributor 17 and the bottom wall of body of heater 15.For example, such as Fig. 1 institutes
Show, the first air chamber I and the second air chamber II, and the first air chamber can be provided between the lower surface of gas distributor 17 and the bottom wall of body of heater 15
I is disposed adjacent with slag-drip opening 19, and the second air chamber II is oppositely arranged with slag-drip opening 19, i.e., by the lower surface of gas distributor 17 and body of heater
Space between 15 bottom walls is divided into the first air chamber I close to slag-drip opening 19 and the second air chamber II away from slag-drip opening 19；Or
Space between the lower surface of gas distributor 17 and the bottom wall of body of heater 15 is not split, and directly using the space as a gas
Room uses.
In the embodiment of the present invention, by using the change of the flow field feature of body of heater 15 and thermograde, with carbonaceous material point
Level conversion is coupled, and correlated response is carried out by gas-solid phase flow contact in body of heater 15.Gas distributor 17 is obliquely installed,
The flow field type of body of heater 15 is flowed for single cycle, by the heat of burning drive using single cycle flowing and disperse, realize temperature
The gradient distribution of degree, into the carbonaceous material in body of heater 15 under the drive in single cycle flow field, hair is stopped in different humidity provinces
Raw corresponding chemical reaction, as shown in Figure 1.
Specifically reaction process can be：Carbonaceous material is entered in body of heater 15 by feed pipe 13, has just entered the carbon containing thing of stove
Expect to send out in the low temperature pyrogenation area (position as shown in Tu1Zhong C areas) that temperature is about 550 DEG C (temperature range is generally 400~600 DEG C)
Raw pyrolytic reaction, produce containing the semicoke after a certain amount of tar and the gas-phase product of methane and pyrolysis, pyrogenous origin gas phase production
Thing follows air-flow to be taken out of by exhaust outlet 11 outside body of heater 15, and the semicoke after pyrolysis is about then 700 as gas-solid is recycled into temperature
The medium temperature gasification zone of DEG C (temperature range is generally 600-1000 DEG C), i.e., the position as shown in Tu1Zhong B areas, in medium temperature gasification zone, half
Jiao contact with the gasifying agent being passed through from the second air chamber II concurrently give birth to gasification reaction, generate contain hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane and
The gaseous product of carbon dioxide and the gasification slag with certain carbon content, gaseous product follow air-flow to take out of outside body of heater, and gasify slag
Gas-solid is followed to be recycled into the high temperature combustion zone that temperature is about 850 DEG C (temperature range is generally 800-1300 DEG C), i.e., as in Fig. 1
Position shown in A areas, gasification slag are contacted with the incendiary agent being passed through from the first air chamber I and fully burnt, the gaseous product after burning
Air-flow is followed to be carried over outside body of heater, the residue after burning is discharged outside body of heater by the slag-drip opening 19 of the bottom of body of heater 15, so as to complete
The staged conversion of carbonaceous material.
Or during carbonaceous material staged conversion, can also by medium temperature gasification zone and high temperature combustion zone and together with, this
Depend primarily on gasifying agent or incendiary agent is passed through region, i.e., when the first air chamber I and the second air chamber II are integrated or this two
When individual air chamber is passed through identical gasifying agent and incendiary agent, temperature range is broadly divided into carbonaceous material staged conversion device body of heater 15
Gasification and the combustion zone that about 400~600 DEG C of low temperature pyrogenation area and temperature range are about 600~1300 DEG C.
Carbonaceous material staged conversion device provided in an embodiment of the present invention, utilizes fluid field in furnace feature and the thermograde of gasifying
Change, be coupled with carbonaceous material staged conversion, pass through in stove gas-solid phase flow contact carry out correlated response, rationally profit
With the generation rule of the high added value material in carbonaceous material, stable, carbonaceous material conversion ratio and methane content are higher,
In addition, the inner member without complexity in equipment, equipment are simple.
Correspondingly, as shown in Fig. 2 the embodiment of the present invention additionally provides a kind of carbonaceous material staged conversion method, use
Any one carbonaceous material staged conversion device provided in an embodiment of the present invention, methods described can include：
S1, carbonaceous material is passed through into body of heater by charging aperture；
S2, gasifying agent and/or incendiary agent, the gasifying agent be passed through into body of heater by the gas distributor being obliquely installed
And/or incendiary agent forms stable single cycle flow field in the short transverse in body of heater, also, in body of heater from top to bottom successively
Form at least one reaction zone.
Carbonaceous material staged conversion method provided in an embodiment of the present invention, by the gas distributor that is obliquely installed to body of heater
Gasifying agent and/or incendiary agent are inside passed through, gasifying agent and/or incendiary agent can be made to form stabilization in the short transverse in body of heater
Single cycle flow field, by controlling the oxygen concentration in gasifying agent and/or incendiary agent, the temperature of different flow field regions in body of heater can be made
Spend and match with the temperature range needed for the reaction of carbonaceous material staged conversion, so as to be sequentially formed from top to bottom at least in body of heater
One reaction zone, the staged conversion for realizing carbonaceous material utilize；That is, carbonaceous material provided in an embodiment of the present invention point
Level method for transformation, by the single cycle flow field of the gases such as gasifying agent and/or incendiary agent and to oxygen in gasifying agent and/or incendiary agent
The control of concentration can form each reaction zone needed for carbonaceous material in body of heater, extra without passing through in furnace interior
Set the hardware setting modes such as dividing plate that the inner space of body of heater is divided into each entity space, it is therefore, provided by the invention to contain
Carbon stock grading reforming unit method is simple to operate, and in gasification carbonaceous material flowing it is smooth, will not because carbonaceous material without
Method flows in each conversion zone and causes to be forced to stop.
Specifically, in above-mentioned steps S2, at least one reaction zone for being sequentially formed from top to bottom in body of heater specifically can be with
Including：The identical or different pyrolysis zone of temperature range, gasification zone, combustion zone.
In above-mentioned steps S2, the gas distributor by being obliquely installed is passed through gasifying agent and/or combustion into body of heater
Burning agent can specifically include：
The first air chamber being disposed adjacent by gas distributor bottom with slag-drip opening is via the gas distributor being obliquely installed
Incendiary agent is passed through into body of heater；By the second air chamber that gas distributor bottom and slag-drip opening are oppositely arranged via being obliquely installed
Gas distributor is passed through gasifying agent into body of heater；Or
By the first air chamber of gas distributor bottom and the second air chamber via the gas distributor being obliquely installed to body of heater
Inside it is passed through gasifying agent and incendiary agent.
That is, incendiary agent and gasifying agent can be passed through by respective air chamber respectively, can also mix same
When be passed through by air chamber.
Specifically, the gasifying agent in the embodiment of the present invention can be superheated steam, or be O2, CO or H2In at least one
Kind and the mixed gas of superheated steam.Typical but non-limiting example can be that gasifying agent can be superheated steam, and overheat is steamed
Vapour and O2Combination, superheated steam and CO combination, superheated steam and H2Combination, superheated steam, CO and H2Combination or mistake
Vapours, O2, CO and H2Combination etc., all can be used for implementing the present invention.
Incendiary agent can be O2Or one kind in air, in order to adjust oxygen concentration, can also be incorporated in incendiary agent a certain amount of
Superheated steam or at least one of nitrogen, i.e., incendiary agent can also be the O containing a certain amount of superheated steam and/or nitrogen2
Or air.
Carbonaceous material can include the fine coal with predetermined particle diameter distribution, be loaded with being distributed with predetermined particle diameter for catalyst
Fine coal, be mixed with powdered biomass have predetermined particle diameter distribution fine coal or be not only loaded with catalyst but also be mixed with life
The fine coal with predetermined particle diameter distribution of material powder, in a word, as long as to need the carbonaceous material of progress staged conversion, this
Invention is not construed as limiting to this.
During carbonaceous material staged conversion, the pressure in body of heater can be 0.1~7.0MPa, such as 0.1MPa,
0.5MPa, 1MPa, 2MPa, 3MPa, 4MPa, 5MPa, 6MPa or 7MPa.So can be according to target product and carbonaceous material species
Difference, by controlling furnace pressure, make the yield of staged conversion higher, such as the higher lignite of fugitive constituent, typically will pressure
Power is controlled to 1.0MPa, is advantageous to the generation of tar and methane；If biomass or the higher anthracite of ature of coal, then press
Power is more than 3MPa more, is advantageous to the generation of methane；If target product is synthesis gas, can arbitrarily be selected in pressure limit, simultaneously
Consider equipment investment situation.
Carbonaceous material staged conversion device and method provided by the invention is carried out below by specific embodiment further
It is described in detail.
Comparative example 1
Using staged conversion device as described in background to the invention in the prior art, i.e.,：In gasification furnace shell
Set two layers be in well plate format gas distributor, by the inner space of gasification furnace be divided into upper sheaf space, middle space and under
Sheaf space, these three spaces are corresponding in turn to partial thermal decomposition area, catalytic gasification area and residue gas in coal grading conversion from top to bottom
Change area, catalytic gasification experiment is carried out to the soft coal that a kind of particle diameter is below 2mm, catalyst uses potassium carbonate, and load capacity is
10wt%, vapor pressure 2.5MPa.Incendiary agent and gasifying agent are passed through during experiment into body of heater, wherein, incendiary agent is oxygen
Gas concentration is 15% oxygen and the gaseous mixture of superheated steam, and gasifying agent is the oxygen and superheated steam that oxygen concentration is 3%
Gaseous mixture.By controlling feed rate, ensure that oxygen coal ratio is 0.35Nm in body of heater3/ kg, ratio of water to coal 1.1kg/kg, in body of heater
Coal dust flows in more than 3 times fluidization numbers.During experiment, monitor each regional temperature and component point is carried out to body of heater exit gas
Analysis, test duration are carried out 10 hours.
Embodiment 1
It is classified using the carbonaceous material shown in the carbonaceous material staged conversion device and Fig. 2 shown in Fig. 1 of the embodiment of the present invention
Method for transformation, wherein gas distributor use porous flat plate distribution grid, and mounting inclination angle degree is 15 °, percent opening 3%, to one
The soft coal that kind particle diameter is below 2mm carries out catalytic gasification experiment, and catalyst uses potassium carbonate, load capacity 10wt%, gas
Change pressure is 2.5MPa.Incendiary agent is passed through into body of heater 15 by the first air chamber I during experiment, the incendiary agent is oxygen concentration
The gaseous mixture of oxygen and superheated steam for 15%, gasifying agent is passed through into body of heater 15 by the second air chamber II, the gasifying agent is
Oxygen concentration is 3% oxygen and the gaseous mixture of superheated steam.By controlling feed rate, ensure that oxygen coal ratio is in body of heater
0.35Nm3/ kg, ratio of water to coal 1.1kg/kg, coal dust flows in more than 3 times fluidization numbers in body of heater.During experiment, each area is monitored
Domain temperature simultaneously carries out component analysis to body of heater exit gas, and test duration is carried out 10 hours.
That is, in embodiment 1 and comparative example 1, except used staged conversion device is different, other specification is homogeneous
Together.
Test result analysis
In comparative example 1 and embodiment 1, each area monitoring temperature is as shown in table 1：
Each area monitoring temperature in the comparative example 1 of table 1 and embodiment 1
As shown in Table 1, compared with comparative example 1, trend is substantially the same the temperature distribution gradients in 1 each area of embodiment, but is contrasted
The temperature of pyrolysis zone is relatively low in example 1, and this is primarily due to, and the heat transfer type of the two is different, and embodiment 1 flows shape by single cycle
Into different staged conversion areas, the transmission of heat can quickly be distributed except gas-solid transmission, also solid-solid contact transmission, heat
It is even, and different staged conversion areas are formed by then passing through sieve plate and overflow pipe in comparative example, thus the transmission of heat be mainly gas-
Gu transmit, while the temperature difference is larger between each area, heat loss is more.In comparative example 1 and embodiment 1, gasification index and body of heater outlet
Gas composition average it is as shown in table 2：
Gasification index and the gas composition average table of body of heater outlet in the comparative example 1 of table 2 and embodiment 1
The efficiency of carbon con version of embodiment 1 and methane yield improve 9% left side than comparative example 1 it can be seen from above-mentioned result of the test
The right side, effectively gas composition H during its gas forms2, CO and CH4Up to 85.34%.Meanwhile embodiment 1 is in gas aftertreatment system
Tar product is also obtained, is embodied in carbonaceous material staged conversion device and method provided in an embodiment of the present invention, carbon containing thing
Expect staged conversion technique and gasification furnace excellent effect.
Comparative example 2
Using staged conversion device as described in background to the invention in the prior art, i.e.,：In gasification furnace shell
One layer of gas distributor in well plate format is set, the inner space of gasification furnace is divided into upper sheaf space and lower layer space, this
Two spaces are corresponding in turn to partial thermal decomposition area and combustion gasification area in coal grading conversion from top to bottom, to a kind of soft coal and
Grass stalk biomass mixed material carries out gasification test.Mixed material particle diameter is below 2mm, and grass stalk biomass concentration is
20wt%.Oxygen concentration is passed through as 11% oxygen and the gaseous mixture of superheated steam, vapor pressure into body of heater during experiment
For 1.5MPa.By controlling feed rate, ensure that oxygen coal ratio is 0.40Nm in stove3/ kg, ratio of water to coal 1.2kg/kg, in body of heater
Coal dust flows in more than 3 times fluidization numbers.During experiment, monitor each regional temperature and component point is carried out to body of heater exit gas
Analysis, test duration are carried out 6 hours.
Embodiment 2
It is classified using the carbonaceous material shown in the carbonaceous material staged conversion device and Fig. 2 shown in Fig. 1 of the embodiment of the present invention
Method for transformation, wherein gas distributor use porous flat plate distribution grid, and mounting inclination angle degree is 20 °, percent opening 5%, to one
Kind soft coal and grass stalk biomass mixed material carry out gasification test.Mixed material particle diameter is below 2mm, and grass stalk is biological
Matter concentration is 20wt%, vapor pressure 1.5MPa.Oxygen to be passed through in the first air chamber I and the second air chamber II dense during experiment
Spend for 11% oxygen and the gaseous mixture of superheated steam.By controlling feed rate, ensure that oxygen coal ratio is 0.40Nm in stove3/ kg,
Ratio of water to coal is 1.2kg/kg, and coal dust flows in more than 3 times fluidization numbers in body of heater.During experiment, each regional temperature and right is monitored
Body of heater exit gas carries out component analysis, and test duration is carried out 10 hours.
That is, in embodiment 2 and comparative example 2, except used staged conversion device is different, other specification is homogeneous
Together.
Test result analysis
In comparative example 2 and embodiment 2, each area monitoring temperature is as shown in table 3：
Each area monitoring temperature in the comparative example 2 of table 3 and embodiment 2
From each area monitoring temperature of table 3, because comparative example 2 merges gasification zone and combustion zone, therefore temperature monitoring
When only taken a class value, the temperature of gasification zone and combustion zone is sufficiently close in embodiment 2, and this is due to that air chamber I and air chamber II lead to
Identical gasifying agent is entered, gasification zone and combustion zone function has been merged into a single whole, so as to drive pyrolysis zone temperature rise.The two
Heat exchanged mechanism and comparative example 1, embodiment 1 are identical, therefore the pyrolysis zone temperature of embodiment 2 is higher than comparative example, gasification zone and
Combustion zone is about the same.
Gasification index and the gas composition average of body of heater outlet are as shown in table 4：
Gasification index and the gas composition average table of body of heater outlet in the comparative example 2 of table 4 and embodiment 2
Because by gasification zone and the merging of combustion zone function, residence time of the solid product in combustion gasification area after pyrolysis becomes
It is long, so the efficiency of carbon con version of embodiment 2 and comparative example 2 is all higher, but because heat transfer type is different, the pyrolysis production of embodiment 2
Thing, such as CH4, it is somewhat higher than comparative example 2, show good superiority.It is further to note that comparative example 2 is being tried
Occur overflow pipe vent plug during testing, after experiment carries out 6 hours, be forced to stop experiment.
The foregoing is only a specific embodiment of the invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, any
Those familiar with the art the invention discloses technical scope in, change or replacement can be readily occurred in, should all be contained
Cover within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the described claims.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of carbonaceous material staged conversion device, including body of heater, it is characterised in that the lower portion of furnace body is provided tiltedly with tabular
Gas distributor, the opening direction in hole and the vertical line on the gas distributor surface are in predetermined angular on the gas distributor,
So that the gasifying agent and/or incendiary agent injected by the gas distributor in the body of heater are in the short transverse of the body of heater
Stable single cycle flow field is formed, by controlling the oxygen concentration in the gasifying agent and/or incendiary agent, is made in the body of heater
Stable single cycle flow field forms temperature elevated pyrolysis zone, gasification zone and combustion zone successively from top to bottom, to realize carbon containing thing
The staged conversion of material；
The bottom of furnace body edge, the opening position being connected with the low level of the gas distributor are provided with slag-drip opening；
The side relative with the slag-drip opening is provided with charging aperture in the side wall of the body of heater.
2. carbonaceous material staged conversion device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the gas distributor and level
The angle in face is 5~30 °.
3. carbonaceous material staged conversion device according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the gas distributor and level
The angle in face is 10~20 °.
4. carbonaceous material staged conversion device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that hole on the gas distributor
Opening direction and the vertical line on the gas distributor surface are in 0~90 °.
5. carbonaceous material staged conversion device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the gas distributor lower surface
At least one air chamber is provided between the body of heater bottom wall.
6. carbonaceous material staged conversion device according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the gas distributor lower surface
The first air chamber and the second air chamber are provided between the body of heater bottom wall；First air chamber is disposed adjacent with the slag-drip opening, institute
The second air chamber is stated to be oppositely arranged with the slag-drip opening.
A kind of 7. carbonaceous material staged conversion method, it is characterised in that used carbon containing as described in any one of claim 1~6
Stock grading reforming unit, methods described include：
Carbonaceous material is passed through into body of heater by charging aperture；
Gasifying agent and/or incendiary agent, the gasification are passed through into the body of heater by the tabular gas distributor being obliquely installed
Agent and/or incendiary agent form stable single cycle flow field in the short transverse in the body of heater, by controlling the gasifying agent
And/or the oxygen concentration in incendiary agent, the single cycle flow field of the stabilization in the body of heater is formed temperature from top to bottom and rise successively
High pyrolysis zone, gasification zone and combustion zone, to realize the staged conversion of carbonaceous material.
8. carbonaceous material staged conversion method according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the gas by being obliquely installed
Body distributor is passed through gasifying agent into the body of heater and/or incendiary agent specifically includes：
By the first air chamber that gas distributor bottom is disposed adjacent with slag-drip opening via the gas distributor being obliquely installed
Incendiary agent is passed through into the body of heater；The second air chamber being oppositely arranged by gas distributor bottom with slag-drip opening is set via inclination
The gas distributor put is passed through gasifying agent into the body of heater；Or
By the first air chamber of gas distributor bottom and the second air chamber via the gas distributor being obliquely installed to described
Gasifying agent and incendiary agent are passed through in body of heater.
9. carbonaceous material staged conversion method according to claim 7, it is characterised in that carbonaceous material staged conversion process
In, the pressure in the body of heater is 0.1~7.0MPa.
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| CN101519606B (en) * | 2009-04-03 | 2012-04-04 | 中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所 | Gas distribution device |
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| CN103450948B (en) * | 2013-08-19 | 2015-05-27 | 广东顺德西安交通大学研究院 | System and process for preparing synthetic gas through co-gasification of coal and biomass |
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