CN104448379A - Method for preparing high-flame-retardancy and low-thermal-conductivity graphite expandable polystyrene (EPS) bead material through polystyrene - Google Patents
Method for preparing high-flame-retardancy and low-thermal-conductivity graphite expandable polystyrene (EPS) bead material through polystyrene Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing a high-flame-retardancy and low-thermal-conductivity graphite expandable polystyrene (EPS) bead material through polystyrene. The method comprises the steps of uniformly mixing polystyrene with additives such as graphite powder, a fire retardant, an antistatic agent and a dispersing agent; melting and blending to modify; preparing polystyrene granules by the melt granulation method; and pouring a foaming agent to the modified polystyrene granules by the suspending charging method to obtain EPS beads. When in modifying, the graphite powder added is able to lower down the thermal conductivity of a foamed polystyrene product and improve the processing performance in polystyrene melt granulation; bromine or an inorganic flame retardant is added to improve the flame retardancy of the foamed polystyrene product; and an antistatic agent is added to improve the antistatic performance of the foamed polystyrene product. According to the method, the prepared EPS beads are applicable to the preparation of high-flame-retardancy and low-thermal-conductivity graphite EPS materials and can be widely applied to heat insulation and heat preservation in the fields of building, refrigerating, etc.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to polystyrene polymeric materials processing Application Areas, propose a kind of method being prepared high flame retardant low heat conductivity graphite expandable polystyrene bead by thermoplastic polystyrene raw material.
Background technology
The low conductive graphite expandable polystyrene bead of high flame retardant is mainly used to prepare graphite expandable polystyrene (G-EPS) material, and this material is widely used as building thermal insulation material at present.At present, the preparation method of the graphite expandable polystyrene bead of the low heat conduction of high flame retardant mainly contains " suspension polymerization " and " blending extrusion method ".
" suspension polymerization " is proposed by BASF (BASF) company the earliest and has applied for Patents (CN97182185.2, CN99808879), and the method key step is: be first scattered in by graphite granule in styrene monomer raw material; Then adopt the mode of suspension polymerization, the styrene monomer being mixed with Graphite Powder 99 is scattered in aqueous phase, add initiator and carry out polyreaction, obtain the polystyrene bead being mixed with Graphite Powder 99; Pour into low-carbon (LC) hydrocarbon blowing agents in the most backward polystyrene bead, obtain graphite expandable polystyrene bead.Because of the restriction of Patents technology, at present the graphite expandable polystyrene market of China monopolize by the G-EPS product of BASF.The domestic development of correlation technique that also had a large amount of research institution to carry out, as Jilin University Miao Xiaojie etc., prepare in graphite expandable polystyrene at suspension polymerization and also achieve impressive progress (Miao Xiaojie, the synthesis technique of graphite/Expandable Polystyrene (EPS) and performance study, Ph.D. Dissertation, Jilin University, 2012), improve the method for modifying of graphite granule, optimize suspension polymerization process condition, and complete relevant technological design work.Although suspension polymerization has obtained large-scale industrial application at present, this technique has had obvious defect.Impurity in Graphite Powder 99 can affect cinnamic suspension polymerization, and in order to adapt to suspension polymerization, Graphite Powder 99 needs to carry out modification, and cost is higher; Meanwhile, the additives such as other inorganic combustion inhibitor cannot add, and need to add in the follow-up foaming course of processing, flame retarding efficiency is low, needs fire retardant addition high; On the other hand, in " suspension polymerization " production process, have discharge of wastewater, the inadequate environmental protection of commercial run.
In order to improve existing " suspension polymerization ", BASF AG also proposed a step " blending extrusion method " and produces graphite expandable polystyrene (CN03821004.5), utilize granules of polystyrene for raw material, employing melt extruder is extruded, extrusion adds the additives such as Graphite Powder 99, and simultaneously in pour into pentane foaming agent, finally cutting is containing the polymer melt of whipping agent, and foaming obtains foam beads.The feature of this patent directly prepares low bulk density, and especially tap density is 15-25Kg/m
3foam beads.Foam beads, because light, not easily transport, and this technique can not be prepared the Expandable Polystyrene (EPS) foam article of more low bulk density.
Summary of the invention
The present invention carries out modification in conjunction with melt blending modification and suspension aeration two kinds of methods to thermoplastic polystyrene, prepares graphite expandable polystyrene bead.Technical solutions according to the invention have obvious different from existing " suspension polymerization " and " blending extrusion method ", and its difference comprises following three aspects:
The first, compare with blending extrusion method with existing suspension polymerization, the inventive method can be divided into first latter two steps when preparing graphite expandable polystyrene bead.First polystyrene bead adopting melt blending extrusion molding to prepare graphitiferous, such as, imderwater cutting granulator granulation is passed through when adopting substance law to prepare polystyrene (or thermoplastic polystyrene particle) melt extrusion, evenly be mixed into fire retardant and graphite composite powder, the obtained graphite polystyrene bead with flame retardant properties in melt blending process simultaneously; The method that second section pours into whipping agent by suspension method is prepared into graphite expandable polystyrene bead.
The second, compared with existing suspension polymerization method, the method for the invention water of productive use can recycle (suspension method relates to Raolical polymerizable, needs with deionized water, and water cannot recycle, produces waste water), decreasing pollution.On the other hand, present method less investment, production can miniaturization.Produce flexibly, first can complete the first step, the polystyrene bead of the graphitiferous of preparation, can long-term storage.Can add the polymkeric substance of waste and old polystyrol in the feed, thus reduce costs, can also add inorganic combustion inhibitor, improve flame retardant resistance, and the distribution of product pellet is concentrated, production efficiency is high.
3rd, compared with existing blending extrusion method, prepared by the present invention is expandable polystyrene bead, convenient transportation.Not only prepare tap density 5-25Kg/m by foaming
3expandability foam beads, also can prepare section bar and the sheet material of different shape as required.
Technical scheme of the present invention is, a kind of method being prepared high flame retardant low conductive graphite expandable polystyrene bead material by polystyrene, and the method comprises following processing step:
(1) preparation of modified polystyrene bead, adopt thermoplastic polystyrene as raw material, and be mixed into fire retardant, Graphite Powder 99, oxidation inhibitor, static inhibitor and Masterbatch, make it to be uniformly mixed to form mixture by stirring, extrusion by melting is adopted by said mixture to make spherical or ellipsoid shape modified polystyrene bead, described fire retardant, Graphite Powder 99, oxidation inhibitor, the addition of static inhibitor and Masterbatch relative to the mass percent of thermoplastic polystyrene is: fire retardant 1.0 ~ 10.0%, Graphite Powder 99 0.5 ~ 5.0wt%, oxidation inhibitor 0.01 ~ 0.1wt%, static inhibitor 0.01 ~ 0.1wt% and Masterbatch 0.1 ~ 1.0wt%.
(2) preparation of expandability modified polystyrene bead, by modified polystyrene bead suspended dispersed obtained in step (1) in aqueous phase, add whipping agent, dispersion agent make it Homogeneous phase mixing by stirring simultaneously, carry out process in the container of temperature to be 80-130 DEG C and pressure be 0.8mpa after, obtain expandability modified polystyrene bead.
Weight-average molecular weight (the M of the thermoplastic polystyrene raw material adopted in step (1)
w) scope is 5 thousand to 50 ten thousand, described thermoplastic polystyrene raw material can be selected from the obtained polystyrene of suspension method or substance law, also can be selected from the waste polystyrene of recovery, also can be selected from polystyrene that suspension method obtains, polystyrene that substance law obtains and recovery waste polystyrene any two or three mixture, the weight-average molecular weight (M of the thermoplastic polystyrene raw material that this technology adopts
w) scope is 5 thousand to 50 ten thousand, preferred weight-average molecular weight (M
w) scope is 2 ten thousand to 20 ten thousand, when preparing thermoplastic polystyrene melt by suspension method or substance law on a large scale, weight-average molecular weight (Mw) scope controlling polystyrene by Controlling Technology condition is 10,000-30 ten thousand, the quality of the polystyrene in waste and old polystyrol reclaimed materials should be not less than 90wt%, and preferred content is higher than 95%.
The Graphite Powder 99 quality of adding in step (1) is 0.5 ~ 5.0wt% of thermoplastic polystyrene raw material, and Graphite Powder 99 particle diameter is less than 100 microns; The Graphite Powder 99 added in step (1) can adopt the method for chemistry or physics to carry out improving dispersed modification.
In step (1), first carry out modification by being evenly mixed into the additives such as fire retardant, Graphite Powder 99, oxidation inhibitor, static inhibitor in thermoplasticity polystyrene melt, then by extruding cutting preparation modified polystyrene bead.According to the needs of product, other useful additive can be added in melt blending, as softening agent, lubricant, antioxidant, various hyperchromic master batch, dyestuff etc.
The Graphite Powder 99 quality of adding in step (1) is 0.5 ~ 5.0wt% of polystyrene raw material, and Graphite Powder 99 particle diameter is less than 100 microns; The Graphite Powder 99 added can adopt the method for the chemistry such as oxidation, heating, alkylation or physics to carry out modification in early stage, dispersed in polystyrene melt to improve Graphite Powder 99, Graphite Powder 99 is evenly distributed, the physical method that described Graphite Powder 99 carries out improving dispersed modification is heating method, and the chemical process that described Graphite Powder 99 carries out improving dispersed modification is oxidation style or alkylation process.
The fire retardant added in step (1) can be selected from organic bromo-derivative fire retardant, magnalium inorganic combustion inhibitor or the mixture of the two, preferably adds the binary fire retardant of organic bromine and magnesium hydroxide.Addition is 1 ~ 10.0wt% of thermoplastic polystyrene raw material.On the one hand, magnesium hydroxide polarity is strong, easily absorbs water, is conducive to bead foam, can reduce carbon emission amount, more energy-conservation and environmental protection.Bromide and magnesium hydroxide decomposition temperature difference, play low temperature, middle temperature fire retardation respectively, because its decomposition mechanism is different, more effectively isolates combustion body and air, improve flame retardant resistance.
Extrusion by melting described in step (1) is the method obtaining spherical or ellipse spherical particle after melts is carried out extruding cutting process; the melt extrusion apparatus that described extrusion by melting adopts can select imderwater cutting tablets press, and described obtained spherical or ellipsoid shape particle size range is 0.4 ~ 5.0 millimeter.
The melt extrusion apparatus adopted in step (1) can select imderwater cutting tablets press, utilizes in underwater pelletizer by the polymer melt that rotary cutter cutting is extruded.Under flow action, the pill of cutting, due to surface tension effects, becomes oval ball-type.Bead is separated through sieve apparatus with water mixture, removing particle and distortion particle etc.By regulating extruder die panel aperture, extruded velocity, prepare the bead of different-grain diameter, the obtained preferred 0.7-3.0 millimeter of ellipsoid bead granular diameter scope.
In extrusion process, the Graphite Powder 99 added or talcum powder can have lubrication, can reduce Melt processing temperatures and melt viscosity, be conducive to melt extrusion, prevent the decomposition of the additive such as static inhibitor, organobromine flame retardant.
In step (2), the preparation of described expandability modified polystyrene bead be by modified polystyrene bead suspended dispersed obtained in step (1) in aqueous phase, add whipping agent, dispersion agent make it Homogeneous phase mixing by stirring simultaneously, carry out process in the container of temperature to be 80-130 DEG C and pressure be 0.8mpa after, obtain expandability modified polystyrene bead.
In step (2), first graphite modified polystyrene bead is mixed with water and add in a pressurized vessel, add emulsifying agent and dispersion agent simultaneously, graphite modified polystyrene bead and the preferred 0.5-1.5 of the mass ratio of water; Graphite modified polystyrene bead and water mixture are heated to 80-100 DEG C, are incubated and within 2-4 hour, make polystyrene bead fully softening, the preferred 85-95 DEG C of temperature; Then add a certain amount of whipping agent to pressurized vessel, continue to be heated to 110-130 DEG C, be incubated after 1-3 hour, cooling down is to 40-50 DEG C; Finally by solid-liquid separation, dehydration, drying and surface of beads process, obtain graphite expandable polystyrene bead product.
The whipping agent added in step (2) can be selected from containing the alkane of 4-5 carbon atom, carbonic acid gas or the mixture of the two, prioritizing selection pentane (containing its different structure form, different ratios mixture).Water of productive use in step (2) after solid-liquid separation can recycle.
In step (2), the surface treatment of graphite expandable polystyrene bead is mainly through surperficial roller coating surface lubricant, and as metal hard hydrochlorate, glyceryl ester etc., the mobility improving bead on the one hand stablizes the effect of whipping agent simultaneously in addition.
In step (2), polystyrene bead can after softening, pouring into whipping agent cooling and shaping, original elliposoidal can be made to become subglobular bead, be conducive to following process, and effectively improve the intensity of follow-up graphite expandable polystyrene goods.
The method being prepared high flame retardant low conductive graphite expandable polystyrene bead material by polystyrene utilizing technical scheme of the present invention to make, the graphite expandable polystyrene bead simultaneously possessing high flame retardant, low heat conductivity, rational size distribution can be prepared into, adopt this bead can prepare high performance graphite expandable polystyrene building heat preservation foam materials.This material oxygen index reach 35 and more than, thermal conductivity is lower than 0.035W/ (m.k).Can make density is 10-20g/cm
3flame-retardant foam sheet material, be especially applicable to doing building thermal insulation material; Also density 5-10 g/cm can be made
3light flame-retardant sheet material, for making flame retardant type steel Sandwich board.Due to its rational size distribution, make foam board intensity high, surfacing, sheet material matter degree is even, water-repellancy improves, and compared with existing suspension polymerization, the technology of the present invention is with the obvious advantage, not only simple and reliable process, and more economical environmental protection, have less investment simultaneously, produce the advantages such as flexible.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with embodiment.
Embodiment 1:
The polystyrene adopting mass polymerization to prepare is raw material; its weight-average molecular weight Mw is 50,000-30 ten thousand grams/mol; in melt blending modifying process; the additive of the polystyrene mass percent added is: the Graphite Powder 99 (particle diameter 3-10 μm) of 3.0wt%; 5.0wt% magnesium oxide, 3.0wt% hexabromocyclododecanes etc., control extruder temperature 200 DEG C degree; by underwater pelletizer after melting mixing, cut particle diameter is the graphite modified polystyrene bead of 0.5-2.0mm.Adopt 100L autoclave to carry out suspension aeration, add the graphite modified polystyrene bead of 43kg, 43kg water, add 3kg pentane foaming agent and carry out suspension aeration, suspension aeration temperature 115 DEG C degree.Obtain 88kg after cooling and can send out graphite polystyrene bead.
Take the obtained graphite sent out polystyrene bead 25kg, adopt batch foaming machine to carry out foaming operation, blowing temperature 95 DEG C degree, steam setting pressure 2.0kg/m
3, setting density 16g/cm
3..Employing sheet-forming machine is shaping, steam setting pressure 3.5kg/m
3, after shaping, cutting is formulated and is detected sample again.
Every detect parameters of polystyrene foamed sample lists in table one.Wherein, the test of sample oxygen index adopts GB GB/T 2406.2-2009 standard testing; Thermal conductivity adopts GB GB/T10294-2008 standard testing.
Embodiment 2:
Extruder temperature 230 DEG C degree, all the other conditions are with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3:
Do not add 5% magnesium oxide, all the other conditions are with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 4:
Add 8% magnesium oxide, all the other conditions are with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 5:
With the granules of polystyrene (molar mass Mw mixes according to 80: 20 at the polystyrene fine particles of 10,000-20 ten thousand grams/mol with molar mass Mw at the polystyrene of 50,000-30 ten thousand grams/mol) of 50Kg.All the other conditions are with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 6:
With the granules of polystyrene (molar mass Mw mixes according to 50: 50 at the polystyrene fine particles of 10,000-20 ten thousand grams/mol with molar mass Mw at the polystyrene of 50,000-30 ten thousand grams/mol) of 50Kg.All the other conditions are with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 7:
The fine powder of expandable polystyrene particle is prepared by the suspension method of 50Kg.All the other conditions are with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 8:
Aeration temperature 120 DEG C degree, pentane add-on 8%, all the other conditions are with embodiment 1
Embodiment 9:
Graphite additional proportion: 2%, all the other conditions are with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 10:
Graphite additional proportion: 4%, all the other conditions are with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 11:
Graphite additional proportion: 4%, magnesium oxide additional proportion 8%, all the other conditions are with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 12:
Graphite additional proportion: 6%, all the other conditions are with embodiment 1.
Following table is table one:
Note: sample 1: the common suspension method that certain company produces produces flame retardant grade Expandable Polystyrene (EPS).
Sample 2: the suspension method graphite Expandable Polystyrene (EPS) that certain company produces.
Sample 3: the extrusion molding graphite Expandable Polystyrene (EPS) that certain company produces.
Comparative example 1 ~ 4 result is known:
The high hexabromocyclododecane that causes of embodiment 2 extruder temperature decomposes, and reduces extruder temperature successful.Adding inorganic combustion inhibitor, can to improve flame retardant effect obvious.
Comparative example 5 ~ 8 result is known:
Polymericular weight reduces, and expansion ratio increases.Aeration temperature is high, and pentane increases many expansion ratios and increases.
Comparative example 9 ~ 12 result is known:
The change of contrast graphite add-on, can find out, graphite can not add too much, otherwise molten mass mobility is very good, causes cutting particle unstable.Graphite additional proportion is preferably at 3-4%, and within the scope of this, increase adds, and is conducive to reducing thermal conductivity.Inorganics adds too much, and destroy the associativity of bubble grain and reduce product strength, expansion ratio also declines.Magnesium oxide is applicable to ratio < 10%.
Comparative example 10 is known with sample 1 ~ 3 result:
This inventive method, the graphite Expandable Polystyrene (EPS) of preparation, through foaming, shaping obtained 18g/cm
3foam-formed product, detect oxygen index, the standby foam article oxygen index of this legal system is apparently higher than other method.
Thermal conductivity is starkly lower than common flame retardant grade Expandable Polystyrene (EPS) goods.
Inorganics adds excessive, products formed Tuberculous can be caused to be deteriorated, become fragile.
This invention size of particles is determined by the get to know size in hole of forcing machine, and specification is single, and the expandable polystyrene particle obviously prepared than suspension method is concentrated.
The invention is not restricted to these disclosed embodiments, the present invention will cover the scope described in patent claims, and the various modification of right changes with equivalence.
Claims (7)
1. prepared a method for high flame retardant low conductive graphite expandable polystyrene bead material by polystyrene, it is characterized in that, comprise following processing step:
(1) preparation of modified polystyrene bead, adopt thermoplastic polystyrene as raw material, and be mixed into fire retardant, Graphite Powder 99, oxidation inhibitor, static inhibitor and Masterbatch, make it to be uniformly mixed to form mixture by stirring, extrusion by melting is adopted by said mixture to make spherical or ellipsoid shape modified polystyrene bead, described fire retardant, Graphite Powder 99, oxidation inhibitor, the addition of static inhibitor and Masterbatch relative to the mass percent of thermoplastic polystyrene is: fire retardant 1.0 ~ 10.0%, Graphite Powder 99 0.5 ~ 5.0wt%, oxidation inhibitor 0.01 ~ 0.1wt%, static inhibitor 0.01 ~ 0.1wt% and Masterbatch 0.1 ~ 1.0wt%,
(2) preparation of expandability modified polystyrene bead, by modified polystyrene bead suspended dispersed obtained in step (1) in aqueous phase, add whipping agent, dispersion agent make it Homogeneous phase mixing by stirring simultaneously, carry out process in the container of temperature to be 80-130 DEG C and pressure be 0.8mpa after, obtain expandability modified polystyrene bead.
2. the method being prepared high flame retardant low conductive graphite expandable polystyrene bead material by polystyrene according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the weight-average molecular weight (M of the thermoplastic polystyrene raw material adopted in step (1)
w) scope is 5 thousand to 50 ten thousand, described thermoplastic polystyrene raw material can be selected from the obtained polystyrene of suspension method or substance law, also can be selected from the waste polystyrene of recovery, also can be selected from polystyrene that suspension method obtains, polystyrene that substance law obtains and recovery waste polystyrene any two or three mixture.
3. the method being prepared high flame retardant low conductive graphite expandable polystyrene bead material by polystyrene according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the Graphite Powder 99 quality of adding in step (1) is 0.5 ~ 5.0wt% of thermoplastic polystyrene raw material, and Graphite Powder 99 particle diameter is less than 100 microns; The Graphite Powder 99 added in step (1) can adopt the method for chemistry or physics to carry out improving dispersed modification.
4. the method being prepared high flame retardant low conductive graphite expandable polystyrene bead material by polystyrene according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the fire retardant added in step (1) can be selected from organic bromo-derivative fire retardant, magnalium inorganic combustion inhibitor or the mixture of the two.
5. the method being prepared high flame retardant low conductive graphite expandable polystyrene bead material by polystyrene according to claim 1; it is characterized in that; extrusion by melting described in step (1) is the method obtaining spherical or ellipse spherical particle after melts is carried out extruding cutting process; the melt extrusion apparatus that described extrusion by melting adopts can select imderwater cutting tablets press, and described obtained spherical or ellipsoid shape particle size range is 0.4 ~ 5.0 millimeter.
6. the method being prepared high flame retardant low conductive graphite expandable polystyrene bead material by polystyrene according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the whipping agent added in step (2) can be selected from containing the alkane of 4-5 carbon atom, carbonic acid gas or the mixture of the two.
7. the method being prepared high flame retardant low conductive graphite expandable polystyrene bead material by polystyrene according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, the physical method that described Graphite Powder 99 carries out improving dispersed modification is heating method, and the chemical process that described Graphite Powder 99 carries out improving dispersed modification is oxidation style or alkylation process.
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Cited By (5)
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| CN105566670A (en) * | 2015-12-18 | 2016-05-11 | 武汉轻工大学 | Water-phase suspension granulation method for preparing gradient flame-retardant foamable polystyrene beads on basis of waste polystyrene materials and products of water-phase suspension granulation method |
| CN106966624A (en) * | 2017-03-01 | 2017-07-21 | 安徽筑丰节能建材有限公司 | A kind of shell-shaped insulation lightweight aggregate and preparation method thereof |
| CN107778681A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2018-03-09 | 王明忠 | A kind of high insulating extruded board of low heat conduction and preparation method thereof |
| CN109762200A (en) * | 2017-11-09 | 2019-05-17 | 四川大学 | Functionality can send out/send out polystyrene bead and preparation method thereof |
| CN114014694A (en) * | 2021-11-15 | 2022-02-08 | 东北大学 | Hydrophobic heat-preservation foam concrete prefabricated part and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105566670A (en) * | 2015-12-18 | 2016-05-11 | 武汉轻工大学 | Water-phase suspension granulation method for preparing gradient flame-retardant foamable polystyrene beads on basis of waste polystyrene materials and products of water-phase suspension granulation method |
| CN105566670B (en) * | 2015-12-18 | 2018-05-18 | 武汉轻工大学 | Aqueous-phase suspending comminution granulation based on the fire-retardant expandable polystyrene (EPS) bead of deposed polystyrene material preparation gradient and products thereof |
| CN107778681A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2018-03-09 | 王明忠 | A kind of high insulating extruded board of low heat conduction and preparation method thereof |
| CN106966624A (en) * | 2017-03-01 | 2017-07-21 | 安徽筑丰节能建材有限公司 | A kind of shell-shaped insulation lightweight aggregate and preparation method thereof |
| CN109762200A (en) * | 2017-11-09 | 2019-05-17 | 四川大学 | Functionality can send out/send out polystyrene bead and preparation method thereof |
| CN114014694A (en) * | 2021-11-15 | 2022-02-08 | 东北大学 | Hydrophobic heat-preservation foam concrete prefabricated part and preparation method thereof |
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