CN104446109A - Concrete air-entraining agent - Google Patents
Concrete air-entraining agent Download PDFInfo
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- CN104446109A CN104446109A CN201410634473.7A CN201410634473A CN104446109A CN 104446109 A CN104446109 A CN 104446109A CN 201410634473 A CN201410634473 A CN 201410634473A CN 104446109 A CN104446109 A CN 104446109A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a concrete air-entraining agent, comprising the following components in parts by weight: 56-70 parts of camellia saponin water aqua, 8-22 parts of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and 10-23 parts of lignin calcium carbonate water reducer calcium lignosulphonate. According to the concrete air-entraining agent disclosed by the invention, through compounding of the camellia saponin water aqua, the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and the lignin calcium carbonate water reducer calcium lignosulphonate, a good effect is obtained; the concrete air-entraining agent is high in gas production rate, and small in mixing amount; introduced bubbles are not communicated, and are small in interval and aperture; and the durability, the permeability resistance, the freezing resistance and the erosion resistance of concrete can be improved, and the working performance, such as easiness in mixing, of the concrete can be improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of concrete air-entrainer.
Background technology
Air entrapment agent refers to introduces many small independent distribution bubbles in concrete-agitating process, plays and improves concrete workability, improves a kind of admixture of frost-proof test effect.High-quality air entrapment agent also has and improves concrete permeability resistance, and is conducive to reducing the effect that alkali-aggregate reaction hazardness expands; And can use with the composition of concrete admixture of water reducer and other type, improve concrete performance further.The use of air entrapment agent is an important discovery in concrete development history, because it extends concrete work-ing life, adds weather resistance.The use of air entrapment agent will trace back to the thirties in 20th century, has built many Concrete Highways at that time in order to develop North America.Anti-cryosel will be spread in cold road surface to North American climate, result in generation crack, road surface and breaks ring.Found at that time to use the weather resistance on the road surface of normal portland cement and Roman cement to significantly improve, analytical results is shown to be the material containing bleed compositions such as rosin fat, stearic acid in the grinding aid due to these cement, make to introduce air filled cavity in concrete, thus improve concrete performance.The kind of existing air entrapment agent has: 1) abietate: abietate is the most widely used domestic air entrapment agent, and the chemical structure of rosin is very complicated, wherein containing rosin acids, arene, aromatic alcohol and neutral substance etc.Rosin and PHENOL 99.8 MIN ((CARBOLIC ACID)) (phenol), sulfuric acid are dropped into reactor by a certain percentage, reacts under certain temperature and conditions suitable, generate the material that a kind of molecular weight ratio is larger, then become the condensation thermopolymer of sodium salt by sodium-hydroxide treatment.This condensation thermopolymer has certain water-reduction because of bleed, but water-reducing rate is lower.2) alkylaryl sulfonate.Alkylaryl sulfonate is the most general synthetic detergent, is common surfactant, is the complicated petroleum residue of alkyl and benzene condensation, and this product obtains the sodium salt of solubility through sulfonation, neutralization.3) sulfonated lignin salt.Sulfonated lignin salt is the byproduct of paper industry, and the Performance Ratio that it introduces bubble in concrete is poor, is a kind of poor air entrapment agent.4) oil hydrochlorate.It is the byproduct of turpentole, and in order to produce light oil, the residue stayed after oil vitriolization contains water-soluble sulfonate, neutralizes with sodium hydroxide later again.If with trolamine neutralization, just obtain the product of another kind of type, i.e. the hydrocarbon polymer organic salt of sulfonation, it can be used as air entrapment agent and uses.In addition, three note saponins air entrapment agents and protein salt air entrapment agent etc. is also had.
The U.S. began one's study from 1937 gas concrete and air entraining agent (air entrapment agent), and pioneering Gum Rosin acids air entrapment agent----Wen Sha (Vinso) resin, 1938 patented.Resin is applied to the water-retentivity improving ready mixed concrete at first, underground structure drainage system antiseepage, decoration mortar, and improves the aspect such as frost resistance of road surface, cold district and dam concrete.First American Society for testing and materials has formulated standard about air entrapment agent and test method AST MC260 and C233.The 40's of Japan introduce gas concrete technology from the U.S., at the beginning of the 50's, develop civilian husky class air entrapment agent product by Shan Zong chemical company etc.Subsequently, the relevant achievement in research of consecutive publications.Mainly air-entraining concrete is used for the road of cold district and dam concrete to improve frost resistance.Such as Japanese famous Austria only sees that dam, Tian Zicang dam, the little He Neiba in Tokyo, dam, exploitation office Kingsoft, Hokkaido etc. all employ air entrapment agent.The current Japan whole nation about has the concrete mixing plant of more than 80% to adopt air entrapment agent.In addition, Japan still further developed lignin sulfonic acid salt gas tracting subtractive agent, naphthalenesulfonate gas tracting subtractive agent etc.During 1966 to 1975, Japanese building association, materialogy meeting, house community, academy of architecture have formulated the standard specifications of air entrapment agent.Nineteen eighty-two, in Japanese JIS A620 " the reinforcement of concrete chemical admixture ", list the quality standard of air entrapment agent, water reducer and gas tracting subtractive agent three kinds of admixtures.Within 1995, add again high-performance gas tracting subtractive agent.At present, the kind of Japanese air entrapment agent, except rosin based, also has other negatively charged ion or nonionic class tensio-active agent, is produced by flower king, Shan Zong, the inferior company of rattan.
China is from the fifties, copy the Wen Sha " resin " of the U.S., produce colophonium pyrolytic polymer and rosin soap, first dam concrete and some port engineering concrete such as Fo Ziling, Mei Shan, the Sanmenxia Gorge is applied to, but the material source of rosin based air entrapment agent and the stability of product also exist some problems, use operation also not too convenient.From the 60's, Beijing Inst. of Water Conservancy and Water and Power Science is studied the tensio-active agents such as sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate, OP emulsifying agent and Chinese honey locust powder etc., but due on the high side or performance is still undesirable, fails further genralrlization to use.The eighties, have investigator to explore concrete air-entrainer further again, and succeed in developing non-rosin based modified form anion surfactant, code name is 801.Once be applied to Bai Shan, plentiful, bridge pier, the on the sunny side Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering such as lock, large Noguchi, Cheng Ping, Maple Ridge, obtained successfully.In addition, China also has some engineerings once to adopt the colophonium pyrolytic polymers such as PC-2 or rosin soap and micro foam agent etc.Also engineering is had to adopt SJ type air entrapment agent in recent years.In addition, also have from brand air entrapment agent and gas tracting subtractive agents such as the Wen Sha abroad introduced, Mace spy and Graces.
Domestic and international Construction practices illustrates, mixes air entrapment agent and not only can greatly improve concrete workability, water-retentivity in concrete, the more important thing is to have irreplaceable effect to endurance qualities such as raising concrete antifreezing, impervious, anti-carbonizations.Applied discovery in recent years, in ready mixed concrete, mixed appropriate air entrapment agent, and can also effectively reduce slump-loss rate, there is obvious model retention effect.The important technical economic benefit of air entrapment agent be familiar with by people, therefore, in the concrete construction technology specification of many countries, all requirement must mix air entrapment agent, and the concrete not mixing air entrapment agent is called special concrete.Although China's production application air entrapment agent also has many decades, but, because the understanding of many working design units to air entrapment agent also exists mistaken ideas, many air entrapment agent product performance also have certain gap compared with same kind of products at abroad, air entrapment agent is produced of less types, in addition we are few to the application technical research of air entrapment agent, and the common in the market concrete air-entrainer kind of China mainly contains rosined soap and colophonium pyrolytic polymer, dodecyl sulfate class, triterpenoid saponin etc.Because rosin based product exists poorly soluble, bubble structure and froth stability not good enough, dodecyl sulfate class and triterpenoid saponin and other additive complex poor-performing, especially above three series products are all with high efficiency water reducing agent of new generation---polycarboxylate dehydragent is difficult to the reasons such as compatible, and engineering is applied and is restricted.Therefore, develop that material source is abundant, steady quality, easy to use, technology and the superior new variety bleed of economical effectiveness have been concrete works problem demanding prompt solution.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provides a kind of concrete air-entrainer.
In order to achieve the above object, technical scheme provided by the invention is:
Described concrete air-entrainer comprises the component of following weight part:
Sasanguasaponin aqua: 56-70 part
Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate: 8-22 part
Xylogen calcium carbonate water reducer wood calcium: 10-23 part.
Preferably, described concrete air-entrainer comprises the component of following weight part:
Sasanguasaponin aqua: 69 parts
Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate: 15 parts
Xylogen calcium carbonate water reducer wood calcium: 16 parts.
The invention will be further described below:
Sasanguasaponin aqua: sasanguasaponin molecular formula C
57h
90o
26, being by the class candy glucoside compound extracted in tea tree seed, is a kind of natural surface active agent of good performance.
Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate: molecular formula C
18h
29naO
3s, white or faint yellow powdery or chip solid, water-solublely form translucent solution.
Xylogen calcium carbonate water reducer wood calcium: brownish-yellow powder is a kind of polycomponent high molecular polymer anion surfactant.
The common in the market concrete air-entrainer kind of China mainly contains rosined soap and colophonium pyrolytic polymer, dodecyl sulfate class, triterpenoid saponin etc.Compared to these air entrapment agents, the innovation of concrete air-entrainer of the present invention is to combine sasanguasaponin aqua, Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate and xylogen calcium carbonate water reducer wood calcium, makes the performance of air entrapment agent better.Sasanguasaponin aqua refers to the aqueous solution of sasanguasaponin, is a kind of excellent natural nonionogenic tenside, has the abilities such as good emulsifying, dispersion, foaming.Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate is the one in air entrapment agent, effectively can reduce the harm of alkali-aggregate reaction in concrete, improve concrete workability, reduce the segregation bleeding of mixture, improve concrete weather resistance and frost resistance, but concrete intensity can be reduced when it is singly mixed.A kind of polycomponent high molecular polymer of xylogen calcium carbonate water reducer wood calcium anion surfactant, has very strong dispersiveness, cohesiveness, sequestering, can reduce concrete water consumption, improve concrete workability.Composite by sasanguasaponin aqua, Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate and xylogen calcium carbonate water reducer wood calcium of concrete air-entrainer in the present invention, obtain good effect, its gas production rate is large, and volume is little, and the bubble non-interconnected of introducing, spacing is little, and aperture is little.Concrete weather resistance, impermeability, frost resistance, resistance to fouling the serviceabilitys such as concrete workability can be improved can be improved.
The development of concrete air-entrainer of the present invention is as follows:
Concrete air-entrainer of the present invention is that a kind of novel molecular designing sasanguasaponin belongs to nonionogenic tenside, there is the ability reducing solution surface tension, the foam produced is little, and can form high viscosity, elastomeric surface film on the liquid film surface of foam, therefore has well steady bubble effect.But its latherability is poor, and when mixing with polycarboxylate water-reducer, often there is incompatible appearance in both, air entrapment agent or formation flocks, or layering swims in solution surface.Good intermiscibility can be had with polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent to make air entrapment agent, according to the molecular characterization of main component Mierocrystalline cellulose polyethers in polycarboxylate series high-performance dehydragent chemical constitution and the principle of similar compatibility, molecular modification is carried out to the chemical structure of sasanguasaponin.Sasanguasaponin and sucrose are main raw material, after selective hydrolysis, etherificate, grafting and addition etc. are reacted, obtained a kind of two is hydrophilic, the double type tensio-active agent of middle oleophylic, good with poly carboxylic acid series water reducer consistency, significantly reduce the surface tension of solution.Through with surely steep component composite after a kind of concrete air-entrainer of obtaining, both remained that sasanguasaponin foam is little, the feature of good stability, overcome again the shortcoming that its foam volume is little.
The mechanism of action of concrete air-entrainer of the present invention is as follows:
Can make its bubble that parcel is small in a large number in concrete-agitating process, and these small bubbles can stably be present in concrete body.Its mechanism of action comprises following aspect:
1) interfacial activity effect: when not adding air entrapment agent, in ready-mixed concrete process, also can entrain into a certain amount of bubble.But after adding air entrapment agent, in cement-water-air system, air entrapment agent molecule is adsorbed on each phase interface very soon.In cement-water termination, form hydrophobic group and point to cement granules, and hydrophilic group points to unit molecule (or polymolecular) the oriented adsorption film of water; On bubble chamber film (being also water-aerosphere face), form hydrophobic group and point to air, and hydrophilic group points to the oriented adsorption layer of water.Due to surfactant adsorption effect, greatly reduce the free energy of whole system, make, in whipping process, easily to introduce small bubbles.
2) forming process: bubble can be divided into three kinds, bubble, foam and colloidal sol bubble.Bubble in concrete belongs to colloidal sol bubble.Peace and quiet water can not bubble, even if under vigorous agitation or oscillation action, make to be involved in water and stir into small bubbles in small, broken bits and muddy, but after leaving standstill, bubble floats immediately and vanishes.But after adding air entrapment agent (such as washing powder) in water, through vibration or stirring, just introduce a large amount of bubble.Its reason is: fluid surface has the trend automatically reduced, and foaming is the process that a kind of interfacial area rolls up, when surface tension is constant, system free energy must be caused greatly to increase, be the system of thermodynamic instability, bubble can be caused to reduce, vanish.But deposit in case at air entrapment agent, because it can be adsorbed onto on liquid-vapo(u)r interface, reduce interfacial energy, namely reduce surface tension, thus make foaming be easier to.
3) steady bubble effect: found by test, some tensio-active agent is added in concrete, also a large amount of micro-bubble can be introduced in whipping process, but when concrete is left standstill certain hour, or after transport, handling, cast, concrete air content but declines greatly, major part bubble all overflows and disappears, air entrapment agent is then different, after mixing, not only can make concrete in whipping process, introduce a large amount of micro-bubble, and these bubbles can more stably exist, this is the important guarantee making the pore that there is a fixed structure in maturing.Research shows, stable and the static surface tension not simple relation of bubble, also depend on some other condition, be included in be formed with certain physical strength and elastic film around bubble, suitable film surface viscosity, suitable liquid phase medium viscosity be had, vacuolar membrane not easily run off, vacuolar membrane electrokinetic potential raising etc., for the polynomial system that concrete is such, situation is just more complicated.Due to above-mentioned effect, evenly (20-1000 μm), travelling speed is little for the Air Bubble Size that the concrete of air-entrained agent is formed in whipping process, and the possibility of coalescence is also very little mutually, substantially can stably exist with in concrete body.Also has a testing data, also the stability that the bubble introduced in air-entrained agent concrete is described can be helped: some negatively charged ion air entrapment agents have calcium precipitation in the grout solution that calcium content is high, when this sludge concentration around fine cement granules and on bubble chamber film is suitable, bubble-break can be prevented.
Embodiment
embodiment 1
Described concrete air-entrainer is composed as follows:
Sasanguasaponin aqua: 6.9kg, Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate: 1.5kg, xylogen calcium carbonate water reducer wood calcium: 1.6kg
The concrete performance test of concrete air-entrainer and being analyzed as follows:
starting material:cement: R42.5 silicate cement; Sand: fineness modulus is the medium sand of 2.6; Stone: particle diameter is the rubble of 5 ~ 20 mm.
concrete mix and test method:the concrete admixture experimental program specified according to " concrete admixture (GB 8076-2008) " designs, and fresh concrete air content adopts air pressure type gas content to measure.Concrete strength test specimen adopts 100 mm × 100, mm × 100 mm specifications to stir vibratory compaction according to a conventional method, form removal after 1 d that rests in air, and in Engage of standard curing room water, maintenance is to each length of time, carries out intensity test.And according to " concrete penetrometer (GB/T50082-2009) " national standard, the sample dimensions of employing is 100 mm × 400, mm × 100 mm, carries out fast freeze-thaw test.
1) air content is when a kind of concrete air-entrainer volume is 0.02%, and air content rate of loss is minimum, but air content is now too small, does not reach Standard.When volume is 0. 04% of cement consumption, air content reaches 3.4%, and now air content loss is relatively little, along with the increase of air content, the increase corresponding to air content rate of loss of 1h rheological parameters' change with time, but fluctuating range reduces gradually, illustrates that bubble has satisfactory stability.
2) water-reducing rate air entrapment agent owing to introducing a certain amount of tiny bubble in concrete-agitating process, thus add concrete flowing property and mix performance, therefore relatively reduces the consumption of water.When ensure the slump substantially identical, do not add water reducer, investigate the water-reducing rate of a kind of new air entraining of different addition quantity, test-results can be found out, along with the increase of air entrapment agent volume, water-reducing rate is improving constantly, and when volume is 0.04%, water-reducing rate reaches 8.2%.But air entrapment agent continues to increase, and the increase of water-reducing rate is slower.
3) compressive strength test is carried out to each length of time (3,7,28d) concrete sample, because air content increase and bubbles volume increase, the useful area of concrete mortar is reduced, causes concrete ultimate compression strength to reduce.Therefore the reduction degree of ultimate compression strength and the volume of air content and bubble distribution situation closely related.Test-results can be found out, under identical water cement ratio condition, when air entrapment agent volume lower than 0.05% time, ultimate compression strength all remains on better level, mainly because the gas volume introduced is relatively less, less on the impact of concrete compressive property, and reduce the water consumption of concrete mixing due to the interaction energy of micro-bubble, make air entrapment agent have certain water-reducing property, the loss of strength of test specimen is also less.After air entrapment agent volume is more than 0.05%, air content increasing degree is comparatively large, and pore increasing number, causes concrete compressive property to decline.
4) agent on crack resistance of concrete freeze thawing performance: after air entrapment agent mixes concrete, can improve concrete weather resistance greatly.The bubble that air entrapment agent is introduced in concrete is closed micro-bubble, fundamentally improves concrete bubble property.These bubbles not only can play the destruction that opposing environmental change brings to concrete, also can share the concrete distortion that stress, strain variation cause when being subject to unfreezing simultaneously.Test result shows, when a kind of concrete air-entrainer volume is 0.04%, concrete 200 relative durability factors are 98%, and illustrate that the bubble that a kind of new concrete air entrapment agent is introduced in concrete has good structure properties, air-entraining concrete possesses high resistance freeze thawing durability performance.
effect
Concrete air-entrainer can be obtained by a kind of performance test analysis of new concrete air entrapment agent to have the following advantages in concrete:
1) a kind of novel new concrete air entrapment agent is by carrying out molecular structure alteration to sasanguasaponin and compositely making.Overcome traditional air entrapment agent poorly soluble, poor with other additive complexes, the shortcomings such as larger are affected on concrete strength, effectively can be dissolved in polycarboxylate based water reducer, have good water-soluble.
2) new concrete air entrapment agent obviously can improve the performance of fresh concrete, when volume is 0.04%, the air content of fresh concrete can be made to reach 3.4%, and now concrete strength loss is less than 6%, and water-reducing rate reaches 8.2%, and 200 times relative durability factor is 98%.The bubble structure introduced is excellent, significantly improves agent on crack resistance of concrete freeze thawing endurance quality.
3) concrete workability is improved: after mixing air entrapment agent, CAB small is in a large number formed in concrete, these microbubbles are as ball, reduce the friction resistance between particles of aggregates, the mobility of concrete mix is increased, particularly in artificial sand or particles of natural sand, comparatively slightly, in the poor and cement concrete of grating result of use is better.Simultaneously because uniform moisture is distributed in the surface of a large amount of bubble, the enable discharge reduction moved freely, thus reduces concrete bleeding quantity.
4) Main Function mixing air entrapment agent improves concrete freeze proof, impervious and weather resistance:
frost resistance: the air content of general non-air-entraining concrete is all less than 1.8%, and this part bubble mostly is and retains air pocket, has very adverse influence to concrete performance.But the bubble that air entrapment agent produces mostly is uniform micro-bubble, and they have many favourable effects to concrete performance, be very different with retaining compared with air pocket.The best air content 3%-6% that normal concrete is introduced, mortar is 9-10%.In above span of control, along with the increase of air content, concrete anti-freezing property improves gradually, maximumly improves tens times.Because air entrapment agent can introduce a lot of equally distributed micro-bubble in concrete, various types of materials in concrete is had to the effect suppressing sedimentation bleeding and the uneven configuration of control concrete material, thus to prevent in blank concrete air pocket to the generation of the unfavorable situation of concrete frost resistance.The bubble structure that testing surface is introduced is excellent, significantly improves agent on crack resistance of concrete freeze thawing endurance quality.But not air content is the bigger the better, and air content is more than after a definite limitation, and concrete antifreezing performance can reduce on the contrary, as amount of air entrainment increases by 1%, concrete strength decline 3%-5%.
impervious: related documents shows, the air content of 4% is introduced in concrete, the impermeability of concrete can be made to improve about more than 15%, reason is the pore structure system that air entrapment agent changes concrete, enclose many capillary porosity ducts, on cement particle surface, form hydrophobic film simultaneously, thus reduce the suction function of kapillary.Many introducing secretions are that aperture all can not be filled by water, unnecessaryly get off in order to alleviate physical expansion.Thus improve impervious.Water cement ratio is the principal element affecting penetrating quality.The waterproof layer of water cement ratio larger encirclement cement granules is thicker, many mixing waters are formed and mutually lead to and random capillary porosity duct in Behavior of Hardened Cement Paste, increase concrete water-permeable, the concrete water-cement ratio of air-entrained agent and high efficiency water reducing agent is all below 0.5, even can reach less than 0.3, the change of concrete mesoporosity rate, the bubble that the fine uniform that air entrapment agent produces in addition is not independently come round, effectively cut off the capillary porosity duct in concrete, prevent moisture penetration.We adopt the test of multiple method to show, the concrete impervious grade number mixing air entrapment agent can reach more than s12.Engineering practice proves, the concrete prepared with air entrapment agent and water reducer is without the need to adopting other waterproof measures again, and can reach water proof anti-seepage object, economic benefit is very considerable.Air entrapment agent makes concrete permeability resistance and frost resistance be improved, and weather resistance also improves thereupon.
5) reduce concrete strength, deformability increases: due to the existence of a large amount of bubble, decrease concrete effective stressed area, concrete strength is reduced.General air content often increases by 1%, strength degradation 4-6%, and folding strength reduces 2%-3%.In order to prevent concrete strength from declining too much, content and the introducing gas tracting subtractive agent that strictly should control air entrapment agent during construction make up.In addition, due to the existence of a large amount of bubble, concrete recoverable deformation is increased, and Young's modulus decreases, and this is favourable to the concrete splitting resistance of raising.The shrinkage deformation of mixing air entrapment agent also slightly increases.
6) increase volume of concrete, because air entrapment agent introduces a large amount of bubble, volume of concrete is increased, density reduces, therefore can save material, increases construction area.Test shows, air entrapment agent or gas tracting subtractive agent be used in concrete or sand-cement slurry to mortar or concrete flowability disadvantageous effect less, especially in plain concrete, effect is better.Therefore, to carry out detected result more satisfactory for the effect application sand-cement slurry of air entrapment agent or gas tracting subtractive agent or direct concrete.
Claims (2)
1. a concrete air-entrainer, is characterized in that, described concrete air-entrainer comprises the component of following weight part:
Sasanguasaponin aqua: 56-70 part
Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate: 8-22 part
Xylogen calcium carbonate water reducer wood calcium: 10-23 part.
2. concrete air-entrainer as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described concrete air-entrainer comprises the component of following weight part:
Sasanguasaponin aqua: 69 parts
Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate: 15 parts
Xylogen calcium carbonate water reducer wood calcium: 16 parts.
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| CN110903050A (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2020-03-24 | 安徽海螺新材料科技有限公司 | Preparation method of special regulator for concrete |
| CN112029214A (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2020-12-04 | 温州金鸿远鞋业有限公司 | Sole material and preparation method thereof |
| CN113804864A (en) * | 2021-10-13 | 2021-12-17 | 江苏奥莱特新材料股份有限公司 | Method for testing air entraining performance of air entraining agent for concrete |
| CN113981764A (en) * | 2021-10-28 | 2022-01-28 | 福建省兴岩建设集团有限公司 | Construction method of pervious concrete pavement engineering |
| CN114685078A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2022-07-01 | 江苏苏博特新材料股份有限公司 | High-foam-stability concrete air entraining agent, and preparation method and application thereof |
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Application publication date: 20150325 |