CN104439086B - The method for designing of rising head in a kind of non-axis symmetry intricate casting sand casting process - Google Patents

Abstract

In a kind of non-axis symmetry intricate casting sand casting process, the method for designing of rising head, relates to the method for designing of rising head in a kind of sand casting process.The method comprise the steps that one, obtain shrinkage defect distribution characteristics；Two, single rising head is used for Assembled distribution, the shrinkage defect that is in the sand mold of bottom；Three, for Discrete Distribution, the calculating of the Riser Dimensions of shrinkage defect that is in the sand mold of bottom；Four, single rising head is used for integrated distribution, the shrinkage defect that is in the sand mold of top；Five, for Discrete Distribution, the calculating of the Riser Dimensions of shrinkage defect that is in the sand mold of top；Six, according to the order type of cooling from bottom to top, suitably being moved by ingate, ingate Position Design, in the equal office of non-axis symmetry intricate casting quality, i.e. completes the design of rising head in non-axis symmetry intricate casting sand casting process.The present invention is applied to sand casting field.

Description

The method for designing of rising head in a kind of non-axis symmetry intricate casting sand casting process

Technical field

The present invention relates to the method for designing of rising head in a kind of sand casting process.

Background technology

Non-axis symmetry intricate casting (such as, automobile engine, train hitch, ship cylinder) sand casting forming process In, and it is easily generated shrinkage defect.Shrinkage porosite is the biggest to the Effect on Mechanical Properties of foundry goods.If there is certain volume mark in crucial loading end Shrinkage porosite, will result directly in foundry goods and scrap.Owing to cast shape is complicated, the position producing shrinkage porosite is the most scattered, and casting technique is opened There is the judgement of a clear and definite position that the personnel of sending out are difficult to be likely to occur shrinkage porosite, therefore there is blind spot when technological design.

Use experiment trial-and-error method analysis and control shrinkage defect formation in non-axis symmetry intricate casting casting process, causing Human and material resources, financial resources and the waste of the energy, improve the added value of cast product, weaken Chinese Foundry producer and exist greatly Competitiveness on international market.

Along with computer simulation technique and the development of modern casting theory, Casting Numerical Simulation technology casts in simulation study During Flow Field Distribution and thermo parameters method thus predict that Formation of Shrinkage Porosity position aspect comes into the practical stage.Develop in the world Go out a lot of casting simulation software (such as, ProCast, ViewCast, MagmaSoft) commercialization.According to using tradition casting Make the shrinkage defect generation position that process computer emulation obtains, casting system is modified, utilizes technology of numerical simulation to refer to Lead casting process, not only can shorten the trial-production cycle of cast product, reduce cost, energy-saving and emission-reduction, also be compliant with that " high-tech leads Green foundry process " such a Scientific Outlook on Development.

The method of current extensive adopted elimination shrinkage defect is: iron chill shock chilling method, pouring technology adjusting method and rising head Feeding method.Iron chill shock chilling method is not suitable for the production of non-axis symmetry intricate casting, because manufacturing the chill difficulty that laminating is complex-curved Greatly, machine adds cost height, wastes man-hour.Pouring technology adjusting method i.e. improves pouring temperature, and the method requires height to casting equipment, closes Gold pouring temperature is high, easily produces air-breathing problem, improves the risk producing gas hole defect.Rising head method is extensive adopted side Method, the method not only can control shrinkage porosite and produce region (shrinkage defect moves apart foundry goods key job face), also aerofluxus collection slag Effect.But rising head method there is the problem that during using that Riser Dimensions designed conference waste metal material, thus increases Production cost；Riser Dimensions design is too small, it is impossible to carry out effective feeding, it is impossible to control shrinkage defect；Riser Dimensions design is excessive, Also can increase local solidification time, cause local solidification tissue thick, reduce mechanical castings and foundry goods machinability.

Summary of the invention

The present invention is to solve existing rising head method cannot the technical problem of careful design Riser Dimensions, thus provide a kind of non- The method for designing of rising head in axial symmetry intricate casting sand casting process.

In a kind of non-axis symmetry intricate casting sand casting process of the present invention, the method for designing of rising head is according to the following steps Carry out:

One, shrinkage defect distribution characteristics is obtained: use Riser Dimensions, number and the position formulated in conventional casting techniques, Carry out cast casting process three-dimensional cavity filling process and the Computer Simulation of Three-dimensional Heat-transfer process, isothermal line enclosed region be shrinkage porosite Produce district, be the standard of shrinkage defect simultaneously according to shrinkage porosite rate more than 0.7%, show shrinkage defect distribution in foundry goods；

Two, single rising head is used for Assembled distribution, the shrinkage defect that is in the sand mold of bottom

(1) when cast outer surface corresponding to space residing for shrinkage defect is rule face, circumscribed cylinder is used to be lacked by shrinkage porosite Fall into parcel, use thermal center cylinder method to calculate Riser Dimensions；

The modulus of thermal center cylinder $M_{rejie-cylinder}=\frac{r_{rejie-cylinder}{h}_{rejie-cylinder}}{2(r_{rejie-cylinder}+h_{rejie-cylinder})},$ Wherein, r_{rejie-cylinder}For Thermal center bottom cylindrical face radius, h_{rejie-cylinder}High for thermal center cylinder, unit is rice；Rising head upper limit modulus M_{maokou-cylinder-max} =1.1M_{rejie-cylinder}；Rising head upper limit diameter $d_{maokou-max-1}=\frac{M_{maokou-cylinder-max}}{0.178};$

The volume of thermal center cylinder $V_{rejie-cylinder}={\mathrm{\πr}}_{rejie-cylinder}^2{h}_{rejie-cylinder},$ If less than 5 × 10^-5m³, use feeding liquid Mensuration calculating rising head lower limit, rising head diameter limit Wherein, η is solidification shrinkage rate,Wherein, ρ_sFor solid Density, ρ_lFor density of liquid phase；Rising head diameter $d_{maokou-1}=\frac{({\mathrm{\αd}}_{maokou-min-1}+{\mathrm{\βd}}_{maokou-max-1})}{(\mathrm{\α}+\mathrm{\β})},$ α and β is the integer more than 1 and β ＞ α；Riser height h_maokou-1=1.2d_maokou-1；If more than 5 × 10^-5m³, rising head diameter d_maokou-1=d_maokou-max-1, riser height h_maokou-1=1.2d_maokou-1；

(2) when cast outer surface corresponding to space residing for shrinkage defect is irregular, outer cut is used to be lacked by shrinkage porosite Fall into parcel, use thermal center ball to calculate Riser Dimensions；

The modulus of thermal center ballWherein, r_rejie-sphereFor the thermal center radius of a ball, unit is rice；Emit Mouth upper limit modulus M_{maokou-sphere-max}=1.1M_rejie-sphere；Rising head upper limit diameter $d_{maokou-max-2}=\frac{M_{maokou-sphere-max}}{0.178};$

The volume of thermal center ballIf less than 5 × 10^-5m³, use feeding liquid measure method to calculate Rising head lower limit, rising head diameter limitWherein η is solidification shrinkage rate,Its In, ρ_sFor solid Density, ρ_lFor density of liquid phase；Rising head diameter $d_{maokou-2}=\frac{({\mathrm{\αd}}_{maokou-min-2}+{\mathrm{\βd}}_{maokou-max-2})}{(\mathrm{\α}+\mathrm{\β})},$ α and β is the integer more than 1 and β ＞ α；Riser height h_maokou-2=1.2d_maokou-2；If more than 5 × 10^-5m³, rising head diameter d_maokou-2 =d_maokou-max-2, riser height h_maokou-2=1.2d_maokou-2；

Three, for Discrete Distribution, the calculating of the Riser Dimensions of shrinkage defect that is in the sand mold of bottom

When the shrinkage defect that cast outer surface corresponding to residing space is rule face, N1 shrinkage defect altogether, for each Individual shrinkage defect, uses method described in step 2 (1) to calculate feeder modulus M_{maokou-cylinder-3-i}, rising head diameter d_{maokou-cylinder-3-i}With riser height h_{maokou-cylinder-3-i}, i value 1～N1；When corresponding to residing space, cast outer surface is The shrinkage defect of irregular, altogether N2 shrinkage defect, for each shrinkage defect, use method described in step 2 (2) Calculate feeder modulus M_{maokou-sphere-3-j}, rising head diameter d_{maokou-sphere-3-j}With riser height h_{maokou-sphere-3-j}, j value 1～ N2；If beeline is less than 0.01m between adjacent rising head, these rising heads are merged into an overall rising head.Overall feeder modulus $M_{maokou-all-3}={({\Σ}_{i=1}^{N1}{M}_{maokou-cylinder-3-i}^2+{\Σ}_{j=1}^{N2}{M}_{maokou-sphere-3-j})}^{1/2},$ Overall rising head diameterOverall riser height h_maokou-all-3=1.2d_maokou-all-3；

Four, single rising head is used for integrated distribution, the shrinkage defect that is in the sand mold of top

(1) when cast outer surface corresponding to space residing for shrinkage defect is rule face, circumscribed cylinder is used to be lacked by shrinkage porosite Fall into parcel, use thermal center cylinder method to calculate Riser Dimensions；

The modulus of thermal center cylinder $M_{rejie-cylinder-up}=\frac{r_{rejie-cylinder-up}{h}_{rejie-cylinder-up}}{2(r_{rejie-cylinder-up}+h_{rejie-cylinder-up})},$ Wherein, r_{rejie-cylinder-up}For heat Pitch cylinder bottom surface radius, h_{rejie-cylinder-up}High for thermal center cylinder, unit is rice；Rising head upper limit modulus M_{maokou-cylinder-up-max}=1.1M_{rejie-cylinder-up}；Rising head upper limit diameter $d_{maokou-max-4}=\frac{M_{maokou-cylinder-up-max}}{0.178};$

The volume of thermal center cylinder $V_{rejie-cylinder-up}={\mathrm{\πr}}_{rejie-cylinder-up}^2{h}_{rejie-cylinder-up},$ If less than 5 × 10^-5m³, use feeding liquid measure Method calculates rising head lower limit, rising head diameter limit Wherein η is solidification shrinkage Rate,Wherein, ρ_sFor solid Density, ρ_lFor density of liquid phase；Rising head diameter $d_{maokou-4}=\frac{({\mathrm{\αd}}_{maokou-min-4}+{\mathrm{\βd}}_{maokou-max-4})}{(\mathrm{\α}+\mathrm{\β})},$ α and β is the integer more than 1 and β ＞ α, riser height h_maokou-4=1.2d_maokou-4；If more than 5 × 10^-5m³, rising head diameter d_maokou-4=d_maokou-max-4, riser height h_maokou-4=1.2d_maokou-4；The top end face of rising head should be with the top end face of top sandbox Concordant, so design extended height h_{maokou-yanshen-4}If adding extended height h_{maokou-yanshen-4}Front and back, rising head is handed over foundry goods At junction, the longest setting time difference is less than 100s, then final riser heightFor riser height h_maokou-4With prolong Stretch height h_{maokou-yanshen-4}Sum；Otherwise, final riser heightFor riser height h_maokou-4；

(2) when cast outer surface corresponding to space residing for shrinkage defect is irregular, outer cut is used to be lacked by shrinkage porosite Fall into parcel, utilize thermal center ball to calculate Riser Dimensions；

The modulus of thermal center ballWherein, r_{rejie-sphere-up}For the thermal center radius of a ball, Unit is rice；Rising head upper limit modulus M_{maokou-sphere-up-max}=1.1M_{rejie-sphere-up}；Rising head upper limit diameter $d_{maokou-max-5}=\frac{M_{maokou-sphere-up-max}}{0.178};$

The volume of thermal center ball $V_{rejie-sphere-up}=\frac{4}{3}{\mathrm{\πr}}_{rejie-sphere-up}^3,$ If less than 5 × 10^-5m³, use feeding liquid measure method to calculate and emit Mouth lower limit, rising head diameter limit $d_{maokou-min-5}={\left(\frac{{\mathrm{\ηV}}_{rejie-sphere-up}}{0.811}\right)}^{1/3},$ Wherein, η is solidification shrinkage rate, $\mathrm{\η}=\frac{{\mathrm{\ρ}}_s-{\mathrm{\ρ}}_l}{{\mathrm{\ρ}}_s},$ Its Middle ρ_sFor solid Density, ρ_lFor density of liquid phase；Rising head diameterα and β For the integer more than 1 and β ＞ α, riser height h_maokou-5=1.2d_maokou-5；If more than 5 × 10^-5m³, rising head diameter d_maokou-5 =d_maokou-max-5, riser height h_maokou-5=1.2d_maokou-5；The top end face of rising head should be concordant with the top end face of top sandbox, So design extended height h_{maokou-yanshen-5}If adding extended height h_{maokou-yanshen-5}Front and back, at rising head and foundry goods interface The longest setting time difference is less than 100s, then final riser heightFor riser height h_maokou-5And extended height h_{maokou-yanshen-5}Sum；Otherwise, final riser heightFor riser height h_maokou-5；

Five, for Discrete Distribution, the calculating of the Riser Dimensions of shrinkage defect that is in the sand mold of top

When the shrinkage defect that cast outer surface corresponding to residing space is rule face, N3 shrinkage defect altogether, for each Individual shrinkage defect, uses method described in step 2 (1) to calculate feeder modulus M_{maokou-cylinder-6-k}, rising head diameter d_{maokou-cylinder-6-k}With riser height h_{maokou-cylinder-6-k}, k value 1～N3；When corresponding to residing space, cast outer surface is The shrinkage defect of irregular, altogether N4 shrinkage defect, for each shrinkage defect, use method described in step 2 (2) Calculate feeder modulus M_{maokou-sphere-6-t}, rising head diameter d_{maokou-sphere-6-t}With riser height h_{maokou-sphere-6-t}, t value 1～ N4；If beeline is less than 0.01m between adjacent rising head, these rising heads are merged into an overall rising head, overall feeder modulus $M_{maokou-all-6}={({\mathrm{\Σ}}_{k=1}^{N3}{M}_{maokou-cylinder-6-k}^2+{\mathrm{\Σ}}_{t=1}^{N4}{M}_{maokou-sphere-6-t})}^{1/2},$ Overall rising head diameterOverall riser height h_maokou-all-6=1.2d_maokou-all-6；The top end face of rising head is Well should be concordant with the top end face of top sandbox, so design extended height h_{maokou-yanshen-6}If adding extended height h_{maokou-yanshen-6}Front and back, rising head differs less than 100s with the longest setting time at foundry goods interface, then final riser heightFor riser height h_maokou-all-6With extended height h_{maokou-yanshen-6}Sum；Otherwise, final riser heightFor riser height h_maokou-all-6；

Six, according to the order type of cooling from bottom to top, suitably being moved by ingate, ingate Position Design is at non-axle The symmetrical equal office of intricate casting quality, i.e. completes the design of rising head in non-axis symmetry intricate casting sand casting process.

The present invention includes following beneficial effect:

The present invention with careful design Riser Dimensions, thus can develop in a kind of non-axis symmetry intricate casting sand casting process The method for designing of rising head, provides foundation for actual production, all there is significance in theory and actual application.

The present invention is non-axis symmetry intricate casting, for the cast of non-axis symmetry foundry goods, it is desirable to energy is wanted in the position of ingate Enough ensure that the right and left fills type liquid and respectively reaches 50%, the generation of cold shut to be avoided and make foundry goods uneven, to this end, water interior Road is made the most mobile, and move right 97mm on the original basis, moves up 57mm.Ingate a diameter of Ф 60mm, inside waters Filling velocity in road is V=0.76m/s, produces expulsion events when filling velocity reaches 2.3m/s, so this speed meets The requirement of Stable Filling.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is the 3-D view of sandbox and foundry goods；Wherein, 1-1 is die joint, and 1-2 is top sandbox, and 1-3 is bottom sand Case, 1-4 is parting；

Fig. 2 is conventional casting techniques 3 dimensional drawing front view；Wherein, 2-1 is ingate；

Fig. 3 is the casting technique 3 dimensional drawing front view after optimizing；Wherein, 2-1 is ingate, and 3-2 is rising head 1,3-3 For rising head 2,3-4 be rising head 3,3-5 be rising head 5,3-6 be rising head 6；

Fig. 4 is conventional casting techniques 3 dimensional drawing rearview；Wherein, 2-1 is ingate；

Fig. 5 is the casting technique 3 dimensional drawing rearview after optimizing；Wherein, 2-1 is ingate, and 5-2 is rising head 4；

Fig. 6 is conventional casting techniques defect shrinkage defect Target area rearview；

Fig. 7 is the casting technique shrinkage defect Target area rearview after optimizing；

Fig. 8 is conventional casting techniques defect shrinkage defect Target area top view；

Fig. 9 is the casting technique shrinkage defect Target area top view after optimizing；

Figure 10 is conventional casting techniques defect shrinkage defect Target area front view；

Figure 11 is the casting technique shrinkage defect Target area front view after optimizing；

Figure 12 is that the gathering shrinkage defect corresponding to rising head 1 exists position；

Figure 13 is the foundry goods position assembling shrinkage defect corresponding to rising head 1；Wherein, 3-2 is rising head 1, and 13-2 is defect Corresponding cast outer surface is curved surface and the plane of rule；

Figure 14 is that the gathering shrinkage defect corresponding to rising head 2 exists position；

Figure 15 is the foundry goods position assembling shrinkage defect corresponding to rising head 2；Wherein, 3-3 is rising head 2, and 15-2 is defect There is projection (irregular face) in corresponding cast outer surface；

Figure 16 is that the discrete shrinkage defect S1 corresponding to rising head 4 exists position；Wherein, 16-1 is that S1 exists position；

Figure 17 is that the discrete shrinkage defect S2 corresponding to rising head 4 exists position；Wherein, 17-1 is that S2 exists position；

Figure 18 is that the discrete shrinkage defect S3 corresponding to rising head 4 exists position；Wherein, 18-1 is that S3 exists position；

Figure 19 is the foundry goods position of the discrete shrinkage defect corresponding to rising head 4；Wherein, 5-2 is rising head 4, and 19-2 is defect Corresponding cast outer surface is ruled surface；

Figure 20 is that the discrete shrinkage defect T1 corresponding to rising head 5 exists position；Wherein, 20-1 is that T1 exists position；

Figure 21 is that the discrete shrinkage defect T2 corresponding to rising head 5 exists position；Wherein, 21-1 is that T2 exists position；

Figure 22 is that the discrete shrinkage defect T3 corresponding to rising head 5 exists position；Wherein, 22-1 is that T3 exists position；

Figure 23 is the foundry goods position of the discrete shrinkage defect corresponding to rising head 5；Wherein, 3-5 is rising head 5, and 23-2 is defect Cast outer surface corresponding to T1 is ruled surface；23-3 be the cast outer surface corresponding to defect T2 be regular planar；23-4 Cast outer surface corresponding to defect T3 is regular planar.

Detailed description of the invention

Detailed description of the invention one: in a kind of non-axis symmetry intricate casting sand casting process of present embodiment, rising head sets Meter method is to sequentially include the following steps:

One, shrinkage defect distribution characteristics is obtained: use Riser Dimensions, number and the position formulated in conventional casting techniques, Carry out cast casting process three-dimensional cavity filling process and the Computer Simulation of Three-dimensional Heat-transfer process, isothermal line enclosed region be shrinkage porosite Produce district, be the standard of shrinkage defect simultaneously according to shrinkage porosite rate more than 0.7%, show shrinkage defect distribution in foundry goods；

Two, single rising head is used for Assembled distribution, the shrinkage defect that is in the sand mold of bottom

(1) when cast outer surface corresponding to space residing for shrinkage defect is rule face, circumscribed cylinder is used to be lacked by shrinkage porosite Fall into parcel, use thermal center cylinder method to calculate Riser Dimensions；

The modulus of thermal center cylinder $M_{rejie-cylinder}=\frac{r_{rejie-cylinder}{h}_{rejie-cylinder}}{2(r_{rejie-cylinder}+h_{rejie-cylinder})},$ Wherein, r_{rejie-cylinder}For Thermal center bottom cylindrical face radius, h_{rejie-cylinder}High for thermal center cylinder, unit is rice；Rising head upper limit modulus M_{maokou-cylinder-max} =1.1M_{rejie-cylinder}；Rising head upper limit diameter $d_{maokou-max-1}=\frac{M_{maokou-cylinder-max}}{0.178};$

The volume of thermal center cylinder $V_{rejie-cylinder}={\mathrm{\πr}}_{rejie-cylinder}^2{h}_{rejie-cylinder},$ If less than 5 × 10^-5m³, adopt Rising head lower limit, rising head diameter limit is calculated by feeding liquid measure method Wherein, η is solidification shrinkage Rate,Wherein, ρ_sFor solid Density, ρ_lFor density of liquid phase；Rising head diameter $d_{maokou-1}=\frac{({\mathrm{\αd}}_{maokou-min-1}+{\mathrm{\βd}}_{maokou-max-1})}{(\mathrm{\α}+\mathrm{\β})},$ α It is the integer more than 1 and β ＞ α with β；Riser height h_maokou-1=1.2d_maokou-1；If more than 5 × 10^-5m³, rising head diameter d_maokou-1=d_maokou-max-1, riser height h_maokou-1=1.2d_maokou-1；

(2) when cast outer surface corresponding to space residing for shrinkage defect is irregular, outer cut is used to be lacked by shrinkage porosite Fall into parcel, use thermal center ball to calculate Riser Dimensions；

The modulus of thermal center ballWherein, r_rejie-sphereFor the thermal center radius of a ball, unit is rice；Emit Mouth upper limit modulus M_{maokou-sphere-max}=1.1M_rejie-sphere；Rising head upper limit diameter $d_{maokou-max-2}=\frac{M_{maokou-sphere-max}}{0.178};$

The volume of thermal center ballIf less than 5 × 10^-5m³, use feeding liquid measure method meter Calculate rising head lower limit, rising head diameter limitWherein η is solidification shrinkage rate, Wherein, ρ_sFor solid Density, ρ_lFor density of liquid phase；Rising head diameter $d_{maokou-2}=\frac{({\mathrm{\αd}}_{maokou-min-2}+{\mathrm{\βd}}_{maokou-max-2})}{(\mathrm{\α}+\mathrm{\β})},$ α It is the integer more than 1 and β ＞ α with β；Riser height h_maokou-2=1.2d_maokou-2；If more than 5 × 10^-5m³, rising head diameter d_maokou-2=d_maokou-max-2, riser height h_maokou-2=1.2d_maokou-2；

Three, for Discrete Distribution, the calculating of the Riser Dimensions of shrinkage defect that is in the sand mold of bottom

When the shrinkage defect that cast outer surface corresponding to residing space is rule face, N1 shrinkage defect altogether, for each Individual shrinkage defect, uses method described in step 2 (1) to calculate feeder modulus M_{maokou-cylinder-3-i}, rising head diameter d_{maokou-cylinder-3-i}With riser height h_{maokou-cylinder-3-i}, i value 1～N1；When corresponding to residing space, cast outer surface is The shrinkage defect of irregular, altogether N2 shrinkage defect, for each shrinkage defect, use method described in step 2 (2) Calculate feeder modulus M_{maokou-sphere-3-j}, rising head diameter d_{maokou-sphere-3-j}With riser height h_{maokou-sphere-3-j}, j value 1～ N2；If beeline is less than 0.01m between adjacent rising head, these rising heads are merged into an overall rising head.Overall feeder modulus $M_{maokou-all-3}={({\mathrm{\Σ}}_{i=1}^{N1}{M}_{maokou-cylinder-3-i}^2+{\mathrm{\Σ}}_{j=1}^{N2}{M}_{maokou-sphere-3-j})}^{1/2},$ Overall rising head diameterOverall riser height h_maokou-all-3=1.2d_maokou-all-3；

Four, single rising head is used for integrated distribution, the shrinkage defect that is in the sand mold of top

(1) when cast outer surface corresponding to space residing for shrinkage defect is rule face, circumscribed cylinder is used to be lacked by shrinkage porosite Fall into parcel, use thermal center cylinder method to calculate Riser Dimensions；

The modulus of thermal center cylinder $M_{rejie-cylinder-up}=\frac{r_{rejie-cylinder-up}{h}_{rejie-cylinder-up}}{2(r_{rejie-cylinder-up}+h_{rejie-cylinder-up})},$ Wherein, r_{rejie-cylinder-up}For thermal center bottom cylindrical face radius, h_{rejie-cylinder-up}High for thermal center cylinder, unit is rice；The rising head upper limit Modulus M_{maokou-cylinder-up-max}=1.1M_{rejie-cylinder-up}；Rising head upper limit diameter $d_{maokou-max-4}=\frac{M_{maokou-cylinder-up-max}}{0.178};$

The volume of thermal center cylinder $V_{rejie-cylinder-up}={\mathrm{\πr}}_{rejie-cylinder-up}^2{h}_{rejie-cylinder-up},$ If less than 5 × 10^-5m³, use Feeding liquid measure method calculates rising head lower limit, rising head diameter limit Wherein η receives for solidification Shrinkage,Wherein, ρ_sFor solid Density, ρ_lFor density of liquid phase；Rising head diameter $d_{maokou-4}=\frac{({\mathrm{\αd}}_{maokou-min-4}+{\mathrm{\βd}}_{maokou-max-4})}{(\mathrm{\α}+\mathrm{\β})},$ α It is the integer more than 1 and β ＞ α, riser height h with β_maokou-4=1.2d_maokou-4；If more than 5 × 10^-5m³, rising head diameter d_maokou-4=d_maokou-max-4, riser height h_maokou-4=1.2d_maokou-4；The top end face of rising head should be with the top end face of top sandbox Concordant, so design extended height h_{maokou-yanshen-4}If adding extended height h_{maokou-yanshen-4}Front and back, rising head is handed over foundry goods At junction, the longest setting time difference is less than 100s, then final riser heightFor riser height h_maokou-4With prolong Stretch height h_{maokou-yanshen-4}Sum；Otherwise, final riser heightFor riser height h_maokou-4；

(2) when cast outer surface corresponding to space residing for shrinkage defect is irregular, outer cut is used to be lacked by shrinkage porosite Fall into parcel, utilize thermal center ball to calculate Riser Dimensions；

The modulus of thermal center ballWherein, r_{rejie-sphere-up}For thermal center ball half Footpath, unit is rice；Rising head upper limit modulus M_{maokou-sphere-up-max}=1.1M_{rejie-sphere-up}；Rising head upper limit diameter $d_{maokou-max-5}=\frac{M_{maokou-sphere-up-max}}{0.178};$

The volume of thermal center ball $V_{rejie-sphere-up}=\frac{4}{3}{\mathrm{\πr}}_{rejie-sphere-up}^3,$ If less than 5 × 10^-5m³, use feeding liquid measure method to calculate Rising head lower limit, rising head diameter limit $d_{maokou-min-5}={\left(\frac{{\mathrm{\ηV}}_{rejie-sphere-up}}{0.811}\right)}^{1/3},$ Wherein, η is solidification shrinkage rate, $\mathrm{\η}=\frac{{\mathrm{\ρ}}_s-{\mathrm{\ρ}}_l}{{\mathrm{\ρ}}_s},$ Wherein ρ_sFor solid Density, ρ_lFor density of liquid phase；Rising head diameter $d_{maokou-5}=\frac{({\mathrm{\αd}}_{maokou-min-5}+{\mathrm{\βd}}_{maokou-max-5})}{(\mathrm{\α}+\mathrm{\β})},$ α It is the integer more than 1 and β ＞ α, riser height h with β_maokou-5=1.2d_maokou-5；If more than 5 × 10^-5m³, rising head diameter d_maokou-5=d_maokou-max-5, riser height h_maokou-5=1.2d_maokou-5；The top end face of rising head should be with the top end face of top sandbox Concordant, so design extended height h_{maokou-yanshen-5}If adding extended height h_{maokou-yanshen-5}Front and back, rising head is handed over foundry goods At junction, the longest setting time difference is less than 100s, then final riser heightFor riser height h_maokou-5With prolong Stretch height h_{maokou-yanshen-5}Sum；Otherwise, final riser heightFor riser height h_maokou-5；

Five, for Discrete Distribution, the calculating of the Riser Dimensions of shrinkage defect that is in the sand mold of top

When the shrinkage defect that cast outer surface corresponding to residing space is rule face, N3 shrinkage defect altogether, for each Individual shrinkage defect, uses method described in step 2 (1) to calculate feeder modulus M_{maokou-cylinder-6-k}, rising head diameter d_{maokou-cylinder-6-k}With riser height h_{maokou-cylinder-6-k}, k value 1～N3；When corresponding to residing space, cast outer surface is The shrinkage defect of irregular, altogether N4 shrinkage defect, for each shrinkage defect, use method described in step 2 (2) Calculate feeder modulus M_{maokou-sphere-6-t}, rising head diameter d_{maokou-sphere-6-t}With riser height h_{maokou-sphere-6-t}, t value 1～ N4；If beeline is less than 0.01m between adjacent rising head, these rising heads are merged into an overall rising head, overall feeder modulus $M_{maokou-all-6}={({\mathrm{\Σ}}_{k=1}^{N3}{M}_{maokou-cylinder-6-k}^2+{\mathrm{\Σ}}_{t=1}^{N4}{M}_{maokou-sphere-6-t})}^{1/2},$ Overall rising head diameterOverall riser height h_maokou-all-6=1.2d_maokou-all-6；The top end face of rising head is Well should be concordant with the top end face of top sandbox, so design extended height h_{maokou-yanshen-6}If adding extended height h_{maokou-yanshen-6}Front and back, rising head differs less than 100s with the longest setting time at foundry goods interface, then final riser heightFor riser height h_maokou-all-6With extended height h_{maokou-yanshen-6}Sum；Otherwise, final riser heightFor riser height h_maokou-all-6；

Six, according to the order type of cooling from bottom to top, suitably being moved by ingate, ingate Position Design is at non-axle The symmetrical equal office of intricate casting quality, i.e. completes the design of rising head in non-axis symmetry intricate casting sand casting process.

By tests below checking beneficial effects of the present invention:

Test one: in a kind of non-axis symmetry intricate casting sand casting process of this test the method for designing of rising head be by with Lower step realizes:

One, shrinkage defect distribution characteristics is obtained: use Riser Dimensions, number and the position formulated in conventional casting techniques, Carry out cast casting process three-dimensional cavity filling process and the Computer Simulation of Three-dimensional Heat-transfer process, isothermal line enclosed region be shrinkage porosite Produce district, be the standard of shrinkage defect simultaneously according to shrinkage porosite rate more than 0.7%, show shrinkage defect distribution in foundry goods；

Two, single rising head is used for Assembled distribution, the shrinkage defect that is in the sand mold of bottom

(1) when cast outer surface corresponding to space residing for shrinkage defect is rule face, circumscribed cylinder is used to be lacked by shrinkage porosite Fall into parcel, use thermal center cylinder method to calculate Riser Dimensions；

The modulus of thermal center cylinder $M_{rejie-cylinder}=\frac{r_{rejie-cylinder}{h}_{rejie-cylinder}}{2(r_{rejie-cylinder}+h_{rejie-cylinder})},$ Wherein, r_{rejie-cylinder}For Thermal center bottom cylindrical face radius, h_{rejie-cylinder}High for thermal center cylinder, unit is rice；Rising head upper limit modulus M_{maokou-cylinder-max} =1.1M_{rejie-cylinder}；Rising head upper limit diameter $d_{maokou-max-1}=\frac{M_{maokou-cylinder-max}}{0.178};$

The volume of thermal center cylinder $V_{rejie-cylinder}={\mathrm{\πr}}_{reiie-cylinder}^2{h}_{rejie-cylinder},$ If less than 5 × 10^-5m³, adopt Rising head lower limit, rising head diameter limit is calculated by feeding liquid measure method Wherein, η is solidification shrinkage Rate,Wherein, ρ_sFor solid Density, ρ_lFor density of liquid phase；Rising head diameter $d_{maokou-1}=\frac{({\mathrm{\αd}}_{maokou-min-1}+{\mathrm{\βd}}_{maokou-max-1})}{(\mathrm{\α}+\mathrm{\β})},$ α It is the integer more than 1 and β ＞ α with β；Riser height h_maokou-1=1.2d_maokou-1；If more than 5 × 10^-5m³, rising head diameter d_maokou-1=d_maokou-max-1, riser height h_maokou-1=1.2d_maokou-1；

(2) when cast outer surface corresponding to space residing for shrinkage defect is irregular, outer cut is used to be lacked by shrinkage porosite Fall into parcel, use thermal center ball to calculate Riser Dimensions；

The modulus of thermal center ballWherein, r_rejie-sphereFor the thermal center radius of a ball, unit is rice；Rising head Upper limit modulus M_{maokou-sphere-max}=1.1M_rejie-sphere；Rising head upper limit diameter $d_{maokou-max-2}=\frac{M_{maokou-sphere-max}}{0.178};$

The volume of thermal center ballIf less than 5 × 10^-5m³, use feeding liquid measure method meter Calculate rising head lower limit, rising head diameter limitWherein η is solidification shrinkage rate, Wherein, ρ_sFor solid Density, ρ_lFor density of liquid phase；Rising head diameter $d_{maokou-2}=\frac{({\mathrm{\αd}}_{maokou-min-2}+{\mathrm{\βd}}_{maokou-max-2})}{(\mathrm{\α}+\mathrm{\β})},$ α It is the integer more than 1 and β ＞ α with β；Riser height h_maokou-2=1.2d_maokou-2；If more than 5 × 10^-5m³, rising head diameter d_maokou-2=d_maokou-max-2, riser height h_maokou-2=1.2d_maokou-2；

Three, for Discrete Distribution, the calculating of the Riser Dimensions of shrinkage defect that is in the sand mold of bottom

When the shrinkage defect that cast outer surface corresponding to residing space is rule face, N1 shrinkage defect altogether, for each Individual shrinkage defect, uses method described in step 2 (1) to calculate feeder modulus M_{maokou-cylinder-3-i}, rising head diameter d_{maokou-cylinder-3-i}With riser height h_{maokou-cylinder-3-i}, i value 1～N1；When corresponding to residing space, cast outer surface is The shrinkage defect of irregular, altogether N2 shrinkage defect, for each shrinkage defect, use method described in step 2 (2) Calculate feeder modulus M_{maokou-sphere-3-j}, rising head diameter d_{maokou-sphere-3-j}With riser height h_{maokou-sphere-3-j}, j value 1～ N2；If beeline is less than 0.01m between adjacent rising head, these rising heads are merged into an overall rising head.Overall feeder modulus $M_{maokou-all-3}={({\mathrm{\Σ}}_{i=1}^{N1}{M}_{maokou-cylinder-3-i}^2+{\mathrm{\Σ}}_{j=1}^{N2}{M}_{maokou-sphere-3-j})}^{1/2},$ Overall rising head diameterOverall riser height h_maokou-all-3=1.2d_maokou-all-3；

Four, single rising head is used for integrated distribution, the shrinkage defect that is in the sand mold of top

(1) when cast outer surface corresponding to space residing for shrinkage defect is rule face, circumscribed cylinder is used to be lacked by shrinkage porosite Fall into parcel, use thermal center cylinder method to calculate Riser Dimensions；

The modulus of thermal center cylinder $M_{reiie-cylinder-up}=\frac{r_{rejie-cylinder-up}{h}_{rejie-cylinder-up}}{2(r_{rejie-cylinder-up}+h_{rejie-cylinder-up})},$ Wherein, r_{rejie-cylinder-up}For thermal center bottom cylindrical face radius, h_{rejie-cylinder-up}High for thermal center cylinder, unit is rice；The rising head upper limit Modulus M_{maokou-cylinder-up-max}=1.1M_{rejie-cylinder-up}；Rising head upper limit diameter $d_{maokou-max-4}=\frac{M_{maokou-cylinder-up-max}}{0.178};$

The volume of thermal center cylinder $V_{rejie-cylinder-up}={\mathrm{\πr}}_{rejie-cylinder-up}^2{h}_{rejie-cylinder-up},$ If less than 5 × 10^-5m³, use and mend Contracting liquid measure method calculates rising head lower limit, rising head diameter limit Wherein η receives for solidification Shrinkage,Wherein, ρ_sFor solid Density, ρ_lFor density of liquid phase；Rising head diameter $d_{maokou-4}=\frac{({\mathrm{\αd}}_{maokou-min-4}+{\mathrm{\βd}}_{maokou-max-4})}{(\mathrm{\α}+\mathrm{\β})},$ α It is the integer more than 1 and β ＞ α, riser height h with β_maokou-4=1.2d_maokou-4；If more than 5 × 10^-5m³, rising head diameter d_maokou-4=d_maokou-max-4, riser height h_maokou-4=1.2d_maokou-4；The top end face of rising head should be with the top end face of top sandbox Concordant, so design extended height h_{maokou-yanshen-4}If adding extended height h_{maokou-yanshen-4}Front and back, rising head is handed over foundry goods At junction, the longest setting time difference is less than 100s, then final riser heightFor riser height h_maokou-4With prolong Stretch height h_{maokou-yanshen-4}Sum；Otherwise, final riser heightFor riser height h_maokou-4；

(2) when cast outer surface corresponding to space residing for shrinkage defect is irregular, outer cut is used to be lacked by shrinkage porosite Fall into parcel, utilize thermal center ball to calculate Riser Dimensions；

The modulus of thermal center ballWherein, r_{rejie-sphere-up}For thermal center ball half Footpath, unit is rice；Rising head upper limit modulus M_{maokou-sphere-up-max}=1.1M_{rejie-sphere-up}；Rising head upper limit diameter $d_{maokou-max-5}=\frac{M_{maokou-sphere-up-max}}{0.178};$

The volume of thermal center ball $V_{rejie-sphere-up}=\frac{4}{3}{\mathrm{\πr}}_{rejie-sphere-up}^3,$ If less than 5 × 10^-5m³, use feeding liquid measure method to calculate Rising head lower limit, rising head diameter limit $d_{maokou-min-5}={\left(\frac{{\mathrm{\ηV}}_{rejie-sphere-up}}{0.811}\right)}^{1/3},$ Wherein, η is solidification shrinkage rate, $\mathrm{\η}=\frac{{\mathrm{\ρ}}_s-{\mathrm{\ρ}}_l}{{\mathrm{\ρ}}_s},$ Wherein ρ_sFor solid Density, ρ_lFor density of liquid phase；Rising head diameter $d_{maokou-5}=\frac{({\mathrm{\αd}}_{maokou-min-5}+{\mathrm{\βd}}_{maokou-max-5})}{(\mathrm{\α}+\mathrm{\β})},$ α It is the integer more than 1 and β ＞ α, riser height h with β_maokou-5=1.2d_maokou-5；If more than 5 × 10^-5m³, rising head diameter d_maokou-5=d_maokou-max-5, riser height h_maokou-5=1.2d_maokou-5；The top end face of rising head should be with the top end face of top sandbox Concordant, so design extended height h_{maokou-yanshen-5}If adding extended height h_{maokou-yanshen-5}Front and back, rising head is handed over foundry goods At junction, the longest setting time difference is less than 100s, then final riser heightFor riser height h_maokou-5With prolong Stretch height h_{maokou-yanshen-5}Sum；Otherwise, final riser heightFor riser height h_maokou-5；

Five, for Discrete Distribution, the calculating of the Riser Dimensions of shrinkage defect that is in the sand mold of top

When the shrinkage defect that cast outer surface corresponding to residing space is rule face, N3 shrinkage defect altogether, for each Individual shrinkage defect, uses method described in step 2 (1) to calculate feeder modulus M_{maokou-cylinder-6-k}, rising head diameter d_{maokou-cylinder-6-k}With riser height h_{maokou-cylinder-6-k}, k value 1～N3；When corresponding to residing space, cast outer surface is The shrinkage defect of irregular, altogether N4 shrinkage defect, for each shrinkage defect, use method described in step 2 (2) Calculate feeder modulus M_{maokou-sphere-6-t}, rising head diameter d_{maokou-sphere-6-t}With riser height h_{maokou-sphere-6-t}, t value 1～ N4；If beeline is less than 0.01m between adjacent rising head, these rising heads are merged into an overall rising head, overall feeder modulus $M_{maokou-all-6}={({\mathrm{\Σ}}_{k=1}^{N3}{M}_{maokou-cylinder-6-k}^2+{\mathrm{\Σ}}_{t=1}^{N4}{M}_{maokou-sphere-6-t})}^{1/2},$ Overall rising head diameterOverall riser height h_maokou-all-6=1.2d_maokou-all-6；The top end face of rising head is Well should be concordant with the top end face of top sandbox, so design extended height h_{maokou-yanshen-6}If adding extended height h_{maokou-yanshen-6}Front and back, rising head differs less than 100s with the longest setting time at foundry goods interface, then final riser heightFor riser height h_maokou-all-6With extended height h_{maokou-yanshen-6}Sum；Otherwise, final riser heightFor riser height h_maokou-all-6；

Six, according to the order type of cooling from bottom to top, suitably being moved by ingate, ingate Position Design is at non-axle The symmetrical equal office of intricate casting quality, i.e. completes the design of rising head in non-axis symmetry intricate casting sand casting process.

This test is track train hitch, and this hitch uses E level steel making, and composition is as follows: C content 0.26%, Si content 0.47%, Mn content 1.32%, P content 0.03%, S content 0.03%, Cu content 0.2%, Ni content 0.5%, Cr content 0.4%, Mo content 0.2%.Actual measurement cooling curve numerical value anti-inference method is used to determine when 1560 DEG C 1300 DEG C, E level steel The interface heat exchange coefficient of resin sand is about 813.72W/m²·K.Determining that pouring temperature is 1580 DEG C, filling time is 20s 25s, sandbox material is resin sand, sandbox a size of 1300 × 1000 × 800mm³.Fig. 1 is the 3-D view of sandbox and foundry goods； Wherein, 1-1 is die joint, and 1-2 is top sandbox, and 1-3 is bottom sandbox, and 1-4 is parting.

This test is non-axis symmetry intricate casting, for the cast of non-axis symmetry foundry goods, it is desirable to energy is wanted in the position of ingate Enough ensure that the right and left fills type liquid and respectively reaches 50%, the generation of cold shut to be avoided and make foundry goods uneven, to this end, water interior The most mobile (Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5) is made in road, and move right 97mm on the original basis, moves up 57mm.Inside water The a diameter of Ф 60mm of mouth, the filling velocity in ingate is V=0.76m/s, produces splash when filling velocity reaches 2.3m/s Phenomenon, so this speed meets the requirement of Stable Filling.

Fig. 6 is conventional casting techniques defect shrinkage defect Target area rearview；Fig. 7 is that the casting technique shrinkage porosite after optimizing lacks Fall into Target area rearview；Fig. 8 is conventional casting techniques defect shrinkage defect Target area top view；Fig. 9 is the founder after optimizing Skill shrinkage defect Target area top view；Figure 10 is conventional casting techniques defect shrinkage defect Target area front view；Figure 11 is for optimizing After casting technique shrinkage defect Target area front view；As can be seen from Fig., under the conditions of optimizing Feeder Design, shrinkage defect is moved To rising head, it is ensured that casting quality.

Figure 12 is that the gathering shrinkage defect corresponding to rising head 1 exists position；Figure 13 is that the gathering shrinkage porosite corresponding to rising head 1 lacks The foundry goods position fallen into；Wherein, 13-1 is rising head 1,13-2 be the cast outer surface corresponding to defect be rule curved surface and plane； The radius r of thermal center cylinder_{rejie-cylinder}And height h_{rejie-cylinder}Can be measured by casting simulation software, wherein r_{rejie-cylinder} =0.044m, h_{rejie-cylinder}=0.0416m, the modulus of thermal center cylinder $M_{rejie-cylinder}=\frac{r_{rejie-cylinder}{h}_{rejie-cylinder}}{2(r_{rejie-cylinder}+h_{rejie-cylinder})}=0.0107m.$ Rising head 1 upper limit modulus M_{maokou-cylinder-max}=1.1M_{rejie-cylinder}=0.0118m.Rising head 1 upper limit diameter $d_{maokou-max-1}=\frac{M_{maokou-cylinder-max}}{0.178}=0.066m.$ The volume of thermal center cylinder $V_{rejie-cylinder}=$ ${\mathrm{\πr}}_{rejie-cylinder}^2{h}_{rejie-cylinder}=2.53\×{10}^{-4}{\mathrm{mm}}^3$ More than 5 × 10^‐5m³, it is not necessary to use feeding liquid measure method to calculate rising head 1 lower limit.Rising head 1 diameter d_maokou-1=d_maokou-max-1 =0.066m, rising head 1 height h_maokou-1=1.2d_maokou-1=0.0792m.

Figure 14 is that the gathering shrinkage defect corresponding to rising head 2 exists position；Figure 15 is that the gathering shrinkage porosite corresponding to rising head 2 lacks The foundry goods position fallen into；Wherein, 3-3 is rising head 2, and 15-2 is that the cast outer surface corresponding to defect exists projection (irregular face)； The radius r of thermal center ball_reijie-ball=0.021m, the modulus of thermal center ballOn rising head 2 Limit modulus M_{maokou-sphere-max}=1.1M_rejie-ball=0.0077m.Rising head 2 upper limit diameter $d_{maokou-max-2}=$ $\frac{M_{maokou-sphere-max}}{0.178}0.043m.$ The volume of thermal center ball $V_{rejie-ball}=\frac{4}{3}{\mathrm{\πr}}_{rejie-ball}^3=3.88\×{10}^{-5}{m}^3$ Less than 5 × 10^‐5m³, so using Feeding liquid measure method calculates rising head 2 lower limit.Rising head 2 diameter limit $d_{maokou-min-2}={\left(\frac{{\mathrm{\ηV}}_{rejie-ball}}{0.811}\right)}^{1/3}=0.012m,$ Wherein η is solidifying Gu shrinkage factor $\mathrm{\η}=\frac{{\mathrm{\ρ}}_s-{\mathrm{\ρ}}_l}{{\mathrm{\ρ}}_s}=\mathrm{0.04.}$ Rising head 2 diameter $d_{maokou-2}=\frac{({\mathrm{\αd}}_{maokou-min-2}+{\mathrm{\βd}}_{maokou-max-2})}{(\mathrm{\α}+\mathrm{\β})}=0.035m,$ α and β is the integer more than 1 and β ＞ α (α=1, β=3), rising head 2 height h_maokou-2=1.2d_maokou-2=0.042.

In test, there is single thermal center (not shown) at another in the position of closing on that hitch is positioned at the drag box collar, its Concrete condition is distributed consistent with the thermal center in Figure 15, then the design and calculation method of corresponding rising head 3 is identical with rising head 2, so not It is specifically described again.By can be calculated rising head 3 diameter d_maokou-2=0.0305m, rising head 3 height h_maokou-2=1.2d_maokou-2= 0.0366m。

Figure 16 is that the discrete shrinkage defect S1 corresponding to rising head 4 exists position；Wherein, 16-1 is that S1 exists position；Figure 17 There is position in the discrete shrinkage defect S2 corresponding to rising head 4；Wherein, 17-1 is that S2 exists position；Figure 18 is corresponding to rising head 4 Discrete shrinkage defect S3 there is position；Wherein, 18-1 is that S3 exists position；Figure 19 is that the discrete shrinkage porosite corresponding to rising head 4 lacks The foundry goods position fallen into；Wherein, 5-2 is rising head 4,19-2 be the cast outer surface corresponding to defect be ruled surface； M_{maokou-cylinder-3-S1}=0.01m, M_{maokou-cylinder-3-S2}=0.013m, M_{maokou-cylinder-3-S3}=0.016m.Rising head diameter It is respectively d_{maokou-cylinder-3-S1}=0.056m, d_{maokou-cylinder-3-S2}=0.073m, d_{maokou-cylinder-3-S3}=0.09m.With Riser height h_{maokou-cylinder-3-S1}=0.067m, h_{maokou-cylinder-3-S2}=0.088m, h_{maokou-cylinder-3-S3}= 0.108m.Between these adjacent rising heads, beeline is less than 0.01m, and these rising heads are merged into an overall rising head 4.Entirety emits Mouth 4 moduluses $M_{maokou-all-3-S}={\left({\mathrm{\Σ}}_{i=1}^3{M}_{maokou-cylinder-3-i-S}^2\right)}^{1/2}=0.023m,$ Overall rising head 4 diameter $d_{maokou-all-3-S}=\frac{M_{maokou-all-3-S}}{0.178}=0.129m,$ Overall rising head 4 height h_{maokou-all-3-S}=1.2d_{maokou-all-3-S}= 0.1548m。

Figure 20 is that the discrete shrinkage defect T1 corresponding to rising head 5 exists position；Wherein, 20-1 is that T1 exists position；Figure 21 There is position in the discrete shrinkage defect T2 corresponding to rising head 5；Wherein, 21-1 is that T2 exists position；Figure 22 is corresponding to rising head 5 Discrete shrinkage defect T3 there is position；Wherein, 22-1 is that T3 exists position；Figure 23 is that the discrete shrinkage porosite corresponding to rising head 5 lacks The foundry goods position fallen into；Wherein, 3-5 is rising head 5,23-2 be the cast outer surface corresponding to defect T1 be ruled surface；23-3 is Cast outer surface corresponding to defect T2 is regular planar；23-4 be the cast outer surface corresponding to defect T3 be regular planar； M_{maokou-cylinder-6-T1}=0.011m, M_{maokou-cylinder-6-T2}=0.0037m, M_{maokou-cylinder-6-T3}=0.004m.Rising head is straight Footpath is respectively d_{maokou-cylinder-6-T1}=0.062m, d_{maokou-cylinder-6-T2}=0.021m, d_{maokou-cylinder-6-T3}= 0.023m.Riser height is respectively h_{maokou-cylinder-6-T1}=0.075m, h_{maokou-cylinder-6-T2}=0.025m, h_{maokou-cylinder-6-T3}=0.028m.Between these adjacent rising heads, beeline is less than 0.01m, and these rising heads are merged into one Overall rising head 5.Overall rising head 5 modulus $M_{maokou-all-6-T}={\left({\mathrm{\Σ}}_{k=1}^3{M}_{maokou-cylinder-6-k-T}^2\right)}^{1/2}=0.0123m,$ Overall rising head 5 diameter $d_{maokou-all-6-T}=\frac{M_{maokou-all-6-T}}{0.178}=0.0691m,$ Overall rising head 5 height h_{maokou-all-6-T}= 1.2d_{maokou-all-6-T}=0.083m.Owing to rising head is in top sandbox, it is desirable to it not only acts as the effect of feeding, simultaneously works as Preventing tired gas slag inclusion effect, therefore the top end face of rising head preferably should be concordant with the top end face of top sandbox, so design extends height Degree h_{maokou-yanshen-6-T}.Adding extended height h_{maokou-yanshen-6-T}Front and back, at rising head 5 and foundry goods interface during the longest solidification Between difference less than 100s, then

In test, foundry goods head is in the defect distribution situation in the left side at sandbox position, top (rising head 6 is corresponding, does not schemes Show) identical with the defect distribution situation corresponding to rising head 5, also exist Discrete Distribution, be in the sand mold of top, residing space corresponding The shrinkage defect that cast outer surface is rule face, overall rising head 6 is set shrinkage defect is carried out feeding.Rising head 6 computational methods Identical with rising head 5, solve overall rising head 6 modulus $M_{maokou-all-6-G}={\left({\mathrm{\Σ}}_{k=1}^2{M}_{maokou-cylinder-6-k-G}^2\right)}^{1/2}=0.014m,$ Directly Footpath $d_{maokou-all-6-G}=\frac{M_{maokou-all-6-G}}{0.178}=0.079m,$ Rising head 6 differs less than 100s with the longest setting time at foundry goods interface, then

Claims (1)

1. the method for designing of rising head in a non-axis symmetry intricate casting sand casting process, it is characterised in that non-axis symmetry is complicated In casting sand mold casting process, the method for designing of rising head is to sequentially include the following steps:

One, shrinkage defect distribution characteristics is obtained: use Riser Dimensions, number and the position formulated in conventional casting techniques, carry out Cast casting process three-dimensional cavity filling process and the Computer Simulation of Three-dimensional Heat-transfer process, be shrinkage porosite generation by isothermal line enclosed region District, is the standard of shrinkage defect simultaneously according to shrinkage porosite rate more than 0.7%, shows shrinkage defect distribution in foundry goods；

Two, single rising head is used for Assembled distribution, the shrinkage defect that is in the sand mold of bottom

(1) when cast outer surface corresponding to space residing for shrinkage defect is rule face, use circumscribed cylinder by shrinkage defect bag Wrap up in, use thermal center cylinder method to calculate Riser Dimensions；

The modulus of thermal center cylinder $M_{rejie-cylinder}=\frac{r_{rejie-cylinder}{h}_{rejie-cylinder}}{2\left(r_{rejie-cylinder}+h_{rejie-cylinder}\right)},$ Wherein, r_{rejie-cylinder}For thermal center Bottom cylindrical face radius, h_{rejie-cylinder}High for thermal center cylinder, unit is rice；Rising head upper limit modulus M_{maokou-cylinder-max}= 1.1M_{rejie-cylinder}；Rising head upper limit diameter $d_{maokou-max-1}=\frac{M_{maokou-cylinder-max}}{0.178};$

The volume of thermal center cylinder $V_{rejie-cylinder}={\mathrm{\πr}}_{rejie-cylinder}^2{h}_{rejie-cylinder},$ If less than 5 × 10^-5m³, use and mend Contracting liquid measure method calculates rising head lower limit, rising head diameter limit Wherein, η is solidification Shrinkage factor,Wherein, ρ_sFor solid Density, ρ₁For density of liquid phase；Rising head diameter $d_{maokou-1}=\frac{({\mathrm{\αd}}_{maokou-min-1}+{\mathrm{\βd}}_{maokou-max-1})}{(\mathrm{\α}+\mathrm{\β})},$ α and β is the integer more than 1 and β ＞ α；Riser height h_maokou-1=1.2d_maokou-1；If more than 5 × 10^-5m³, rising head diameter d_maokou-1=d_maokou-max-1, riser height h_maokou-1=1.2d_maokou-1；

(2) when cast outer surface corresponding to space residing for shrinkage defect is irregular, use outer cut by shrinkage defect bag Wrap up in, use thermal center ball to calculate Riser Dimensions；

The modulus of thermal center ballWherein, r_rejie-sphereFor the thermal center radius of a ball, unit is rice；Emit Mouth upper limit modulus M_{maokou-sphere-max}=1.1M_rejie-sphere；Rising head upper limit diameter $d_{maokou-max-2}=\frac{M_{maokou-sphere-max}}{0.178};$

The volume of thermal center ballIf less than 5 × 10^-5m³, use feeding liquid measure method to calculate and emit Mouth lower limit, rising head diameter limitWherein η is solidification shrinkage rate, Wherein, ρ_sFor solid Density, ρ₁For density of liquid phase；Rising head diameter $d_{maokou-2}=\frac{({\mathrm{\αd}}_{maokou-min-2}+{\mathrm{\βd}}_{maokou-max-2})}{(\mathrm{\α}+\mathrm{\β})},$ α and β is Integer more than 1 and β ＞ α；Riser height h_maokou-2=1.2d_maokou-2；If more than 5 × 10^-5m³, rising head diameter d_maokou-2= d_maokou-max-2, riser height h_maokou-2=1.2d_maokou-2；

Three, for Discrete Distribution, the calculating of the Riser Dimensions of shrinkage defect that is in the sand mold of bottom

When the shrinkage defect that cast outer surface corresponding to residing space is rule face, N1 shrinkage defect altogether, contracts for each Pine defect, uses method described in step 2 (1) to calculate feeder modulus M_{maokou-cylinder-3-i}, rising head diameter d_{maokou-cylinder-3-i}With riser height h_{maokou-cylinder-3-i}, i value i～N1；When corresponding to residing space, cast outer surface is The shrinkage defect of irregular, altogether N2 shrinkage defect, for each shrinkage defect, use method described in step 2 (2) Calculate feeder modulus M_{maokou-sphere-3-j、}Rising head diameter d_{maokou-sphere-3-j}With riser height h_{maokou-sphere-3-i}, j value 1～ N2；If beeline is less than 0.01m between adjacent rising head, these rising heads are merged into an overall rising head, overall feeder modulus $M_{maokou-all-3}={({\mathrm{\Σ}}_{i=1}^{N1}{M}_{maokou-cylinder-3-i}^2+{\mathrm{\Σ}}_{j=1}^{N2}{M}_{maokou-sphere-3-j})}^{1/2},$ Overall rising head diameterOverall riser height h_maokou-a11-3=1.2d_maokou-a11-3；

Four, single rising head is used for integrated distribution, the shrinkage defect that is in the sand mold of top

(1) when cast outer surface corresponding to space residing for shrinkage defect is rule face, use circumscribed cylinder by shrinkage defect bag Wrap up in, use thermal center cylinder method to calculate Riser Dimensions；

The modulus of thermal center cylinder $M_{rejie-cylinder-up}=\frac{r_{rejie-cylinder-up}{h}_{rejie-cylinder-up}}{2\left(r_{rejie-cylinder-up}+h_{rejie-cylinder-up}\right)},$ Wherein, r_{rejie-cylinder-up}For thermal center circle Post bottom surface radius, h_{rejie-cylinder-up}High for thermal center cylinder, unit is rice；Rising head upper limit modulus M_{maokou-cylinder-up-max}= 1.1M_{rejie-cylinder-up}；Rising head upper limit diameter $d_{maokou-max-4}=\frac{M_{maokou-cylinder-up-max}}{0.178};$

The volume of thermal center cylinder $V_{rejie-cylinder-up}={\mathrm{\πr}}_{rejie-cylinder-up}^2{h}_{rejie-cylinder-up},$ If less than 5 × 10^-5m³, use feeding liquid measure method Calculate rising head lower limit, rising head diameter limit Wherein η is solidification shrinkage Rate,Wherein, ρ_sFor solid Density, ρ₁For density of liquid phase；Rising head diameter $d_{maokou-4}=\frac{({\mathrm{\αd}}_{maokou-min-4}+{\mathrm{\βd}}_{maokou-max-4})}{(\mathrm{\α}+\mathrm{\β})},$ α and β For the integer more than 1 and β ＞ α, riser height h_maokou-4=1.2d_maokou-4；If more than 5 × 10^-5m³, rising head diameter d_maokou-4 =d_maokou-max-4, riser height h_maokou-4=1.2d_maokou-4；The top end face of rising head should be concordant with the top end face of top sandbox, So design extended height h_{maokou-yanshen-4}If adding extended height h_{maokou-yanshen-4}Front and back, at rising head and foundry goods interface The longest setting time difference is less than 100s, then final riser heightFor riser height h_maokou-4And extended height h_{maokou-yanshen-4}Sum；Otherwise, final riser heightFor riser height h_maokou-4；

(2) when cast outer surface corresponding to space residing for shrinkage defect is irregular, use outer cut by shrinkage defect bag Wrap up in, utilize thermal center ball to calculate Riser Dimensions；

The modulus of thermal center ballWherein, r_{rejie-sphere-up}For the thermal center radius of a ball, unit It is rice；Rising head upper limit modulus M_{maokou-sphere-up-max}=1.1M_{rejie-sphere-up}；Rising head upper limit diameter $d_{maokou-max-5}=\frac{M_{maokou-sphere-up-max}}{0.178};$

The volume of thermal center ballIf less than 5 × 10^-5m³, use feeding liquid measure method to calculate Rising head lower limit, rising head diameter limit $d_{maokou-min-5}={\left(\frac{{\mathrm{\ηV}}_{rejie-sphere-up}}{0.811}\right)}^{1/3},$ Wherein, η is solidification shrinkage rate, $\mathrm{\η}=\frac{{\mathrm{\ρ}}_s-{\mathrm{\ρ}}_l}{{\mathrm{\ρ}}_s},$ Wherein ρ_sFor solid Density, ρ₁For density of liquid phase；Rising head diameter $d_{maokou-5}=\frac{({\mathrm{\αd}}_{maokou-min-5}+{\mathrm{\βd}}_{maokou-max-5})}{(\mathrm{\α}+\mathrm{\β})},$ α It is the integer more than 1 and β ＞ α, riser height h with β_maokou-5=1.2d_maokou-5；If more than 5 × 10^-5m³, rising head diameter d_maokou-5=d_maokou-max-5, riser height h_maokou-5=1.2d_maokou-5；The top end face of rising head should be with the top end face of top sandbox Concordant, so design extended height h_{maokou-yanshen-5}If adding extended height h_{maokou-yanshen-5}Front and back, rising head is handed over foundry goods At junction, the longest setting time difference is less than 100s, then final riser heightFor riser height h_maokou-5With prolong Stretch height h_{maokou-yanshen-5}Sum；Otherwise, final riser heightFor riser height h_maokou-5；

Five, for Discrete Distribution, the calculating of the Riser Dimensions of shrinkage defect that is in the sand mold of top

When the shrinkage defect that cast outer surface corresponding to residing space is rule face, N3 shrinkage defect altogether, contracts for each Pine defect, uses method described in step 2 (1) to calculate feeder modulus M_{maokou-cylinder-6-k}, rising head diameter d_{maokou-cylinder-6-k}With riser height h_{maokou-cylinder-6-k}, k value 1～N3；When corresponding to residing space, cast outer surface is The shrinkage defect of irregular, altogether N4 shrinkage defect, for each shrinkage defect, use method described in step 2 (2) Calculate feeder modulus M_{maokou-sphere-6-t}, rising head diameter d_{maokou-sphere-6-t}With riser height h_{maokou-sphere-6-t}, t value 1～ N4；If beeline is less than 0.01m between adjacent rising head, these rising heads are merged into an overall rising head, overall feeder modulus $M_{maokou-all-6}={({\mathrm{\Σ}}_{k=1}^{N3}{M}_{maokou-cylinder-6-k}^2+{\mathrm{\Σ}}_{t=1}^{N4}{M}_{maokou-sphere-6-t})}^{1/2},$ Overall rising head diameterOverall riser height h_maokou-all-6=1.2d_maokou-all-6；The top end face of rising head is Well should be concordant with the top end face of top sandbox, so design extended height h_{maokou-yanshen-6}If adding extended height h_{maokou-yanshen-6}Front and back, rising head differs less than 100s with the longest setting time at foundry goods interface, then final riser heightFor riser height h_maokou-all-6With extended height h_{maokou-yanshen-6}Sum；Otherwise, final riser heightFor riser height h_maokou-all-6；

Six, according to the order type of cooling from bottom to top, suitably being moved by ingate, ingate Position Design is at non-axis symmetry The equal office of intricate casting quality, i.e. completes the design of rising head in non-axis symmetry intricate casting sand casting process.