CN1044281C - 煤粉炉的一种稳燃燃烧器 - Google Patents
煤粉炉的一种稳燃燃烧器 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1044281C CN1044281C CN94106780A CN94106780A CN1044281C CN 1044281 C CN1044281 C CN 1044281C CN 94106780 A CN94106780 A CN 94106780A CN 94106780 A CN94106780 A CN 94106780A CN 1044281 C CN1044281 C CN 1044281C
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- Prior art keywords
- coal
- airduct
- streamlined
- powdered coal
- deep
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims description 23
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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[C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 44
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title abstract description 44
- 230000001681 protective Effects 0.000 title 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000001105 regulatory Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide Chemical compound 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Abstract
本发明公开了煤粉炉的一种稳燃燃烧器。它包括在煤粉一次风管后端设有流线型挡块和与之相配合的流线型管段，在煤粉一次风管前端设有煤粉气流喷口，在喷口与流线型管段水平位置上设有浓淡分流隔板，在喷口内的浓淡分流隔板水平位置上设有鸭嘴式波形稳燃器。采用本装置可在0.6～1.15kg煤粉/kg空气范围内调节煤粉浓度，煤种适应性好，将低煤粉浓度(0.1～0.2kg煤粉/kg空气)的淡侧气流布置在背火侧，可有效防止锅炉结渣，本装置阻力低于500Pa，且结构简单，使用方便，运行可靠性高。
Description
本发明涉及一种稳燃燃烧器，尤其涉及煤粉炉的一种稳燃燃烧器。
我国煤资源丰富，煤种繁多。长期以来，火电厂用煤品种多样，不少锅炉设计使用煤种与实际使用煤种差别较大，特别是当前煤供应紧张，锅炉用煤更难以得到保证。煤种多变和煤质变差造成火电厂运行过程中高负荷(负荷率90％以上)时，炉内结渣严重，而在低负荷运行时又必须投油助燃，严重影响了电站锅炉的安全经济运行。燃烧器是电站锅炉着火和稳燃的关键。因此研制开发具有可调煤粉浓度低负荷稳燃及防结渣功能的新型燃烧器具有重大的社会和经济效益。
目前，国内外许多单位先后研制出多种新型燃烧器和燃烧技术，稳定锅炉燃烧，节约燃油，改善锅炉机组调峰特性。如钝体燃烧器、预燃室燃烧器、大速差射流、夹心风燃烧器等，这些技术在锅炉的稳定燃烧，特别是针对劣质煤的稳定着火，强化燃烧，有重大突破，但这些燃烧装置在煤种变化时，煤种适应性差，特别是煤质变好时，有时会引起锅炉或稳燃器本身结渣。美国CE公司，日本三菱重工等近年开发的各种煤粉浓淡分离技术及燃烧装置，虽在稳定着火，强化燃烧方面有显著效果，也具有一定的降结渣效果，但其分离装置由于阻力大，体积大，而且煤粉浓度不可调，在电厂锅炉中应用受到一定限制，难以大面积推广。
本发明的目的是提供一种可调煤粉浓度，以适应煤种变化，低负荷自动稳燃，又具有防结渣功能，适宜电站锅炉应用的煤粉炉的一种稳燃燃烧器。
为了达到上述目的本发明采取下列措施。它包括一次风管，一次风管前端设有煤粉气流喷口，在喷口后，一次风管中心水平位置上设有浓淡分流隔板，特征是在一次风管后端下侧壁设有流线型挡块，与之相配合，在一次风管上侧壁设有流线型管段，流线型挡块与流线型管段起始位置相同，在喷口内，浓淡分流隔板前水平位置上设有鸭嘴式波形稳燃器。
本发明的优点是：(1)可进行直管内浓淡分流，可进行弯管后浓淡侧左右侧导向，并可进行上、下方向浓淡分流，浓淡分流效果可达8～10∶1。(2)本装置可在0.6～1.15kg煤粉/kg空气范围内调节煤粉浓度，煤种适应性好。(3)本装置在一次风喷口内装有稳燃器，在一次风喷口产生高温烟气回流，并且稳燃器角度可调节，以此来调节一次风假想切圆。当低负荷时，稳燃器角度偏向上游，强化煤粉气流着火和稳燃。在满负荷时，稳燃器角度可调回至原位置，可防止喷口烧坏。(4)本装置将低煤粉浓度(0.1～0.2kg煤粉/kg空气)的淡侧气流布置在背火侧，可有效防止锅炉结渣。(5)本装置阻力低于500pa，且结构简单，使用方便，运行可靠性高。
下面结合附图作详细说明。
附图是煤粉炉的一种稳燃燃烧器示意图。
煤粉炉的一种稳燃燃烧器包括：一次风管2，一次风管前端设有煤粉气流喷口1，在喷口后，一次风管中心水平位置上设有浓淡分流隔板8。在一次风管后端下侧壁设有流线型挡块4，与之相配合，在一次风管上侧壁设有线型管段6，流线型挡块与流线型管段起始位置相同。在喷口内，浓淡分流隔板前水平位置上设有鸭嘴式波形稳燃器9。浓淡分流隔板上开有平衡孔7，在流线型挡块上设有高度可调装置5，在鸭嘴式波形稳燃器上设有角度可调装置3。浓淡分流隔板上的开孔率大于等于10％并小于15％。浓淡分流隔板与流线型挡块距离L1与煤粉一次风管宽度B之比为2～3，流线型挡块高度H1与煤粉一次风管宽度B之比为0.2～0.3，流线型管段最大宽度H2与煤粉一次风管宽度B之比为1.1～1.2。燃烧器喷口的扩张角α1=15～20°，鸭嘴式波形稳燃器的扩张角α2=15～20°，鸭嘴式波形稳燃器扩张角为鸭嘴式波形稳燃器外形张角的半角。鸭嘴式波形稳燃器前端面与喷口出口端面距离L2=40～100mm，波形稳燃器调节角度5～10°。
当煤种变差或负荷降低时，炉内温度降低，易出现燃烧不稳，此时可通过三种方法调节炉内燃烧状况，一，调节流线型挡块高度。当流线型挡块高度增加时，浓侧煤粉浓度增加，淡侧变稀。多相试验表明，浓侧浓度可达1.0～1.1kg煤粉/kg空气，而淡侧煤粉浓度仅为0.2～0.1kg煤粉/kg空气(平均煤粉浓度为0.6kg煤粉/kg空气)，由于向火侧煤粉浓度提高，煤粉着火和燃烧得到显著强化。二，改变稳燃器角度，使稳燃器角度偏向炉子内火焰上游，从而改变炉内一次风气流假想切圆。浓集侧煤粉气流受稳燃器导流，向上游偏转一定角度，进入上游高温烟气中。由于高浓度煤粉受到上游高温烟气的猛烈加热及受到速度滞止作用，在向火侧产生了一条高煤粉浓度，高温度及低速度的着火带，该着火带对煤粉气流着火和稳燃非常有利。三，在喷嘴出口产生一高温烟气内回流，进一步强化着火和稳燃。当煤种变好或负荷增加时，为防止喷口烧坏及燃烧器喷口附近结渣，可用二种方法来调节炉内燃烧工况。一，降低流线型挡块高度，即降低浓淡分流效果。二，减少稳燃器向上游倾角，即减少浓集侧煤粉向上游的偏转，推迟一次风着火。当流线型挡块高度改变时，浓淡二侧风量分配发生变化，为保证浓淡二侧风速均衡，在分流隔板上开了许多压力平衡孔，平衡孔的开孔率是关键参数。试验表明，开孔率合适，则浓淡二侧速度完全达到平衡。
防结渣的关键在于将浓淡分流后的淡侧气流布置在背火侧。并与浓侧气流形成一定的角度。结渣虽然是个复杂的物理化学过程，但纯粹从物理过程分析，只有熔融状的煤粒子打到或扩散到水冷壁上才会造成结渣，利用低煤粉浓度(浓度为0.1～0.2kg/kg)一次风，挡住浓集煤粉粒子向水冷壁冲击和扩散可大大减少煤粒子打到水冷壁的概率。试验表明，采用这种装置后，壁面沉积量大大降低，从而达到防结渣的目的。
Claims (4)
1．煤粉炉的一种稳燃燃烧器，它包括一次风管[2]，一次风管前端设有煤粉气流喷口[1]，在喷口后，一次风管中心水平位置上设有浓淡分流隔板[8]，其特征在于一次风管后端下侧壁设有流线型挡块[4]，与之相配合，在一次风管上侧壁设有流线型管段[6]，流线型挡块与流线型管段起始位置相同，在喷口内，浓淡分隔板前水平位置上设有鸭嘴式波形稳燃器[9]。
2．根据权利要求1所述的煤粉炉的一种稳燃燃烧器，其特征在于所说的浓淡分流隔板上开有平衡孔[7]，在流线型挡块上设有高度可调装置[5]，在波形稳燃器上设有角度可调装置[3]。
3．根据权利要求1或2所述的煤粉炉的一种稳燃燃烧器，其特征在于所说的浓淡分流隔板上的开孔率大于等于10％并小于15％，所说的浓淡分流隔板与流线型挡块距离L1与煤粉一次风管宽度B之比为2～3，所说的流线型挡块高度H1与煤粉一次风管宽度B之比为0.2～0.3，所说的流线型挡块高度H2与煤粉一次风管宽度B之比为1.1～1.2。
4．根据权利要求1或2所述的煤粉炉的一种稳燃燃烧器，其特征在于所说的燃烧器喷口的扩张角α1=15～20°，鸭嘴式波形稳燃器的扩张角α2=15～20°，所说的鸭嘴式波形稳燃器前端面与喷口出口端面距离L2=40～100mm。
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| CN104100969B (zh) * | 2013-04-12 | 2017-04-12 | 气体产品与化学公司 | 宽焰氧‑固体燃料喷燃器 |
| US9513002B2 (en) | 2013-04-12 | 2016-12-06 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Wide-flame, oxy-solid fuel burner |
| US9709269B2 (en) | 2014-01-07 | 2017-07-18 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Solid fuel burner |
| CN105509052B (zh) * | 2015-11-30 | 2018-11-09 | 江苏大学 | 一种带弧形体射流装置的烧嘴 |
| CN111237750B (zh) * | 2020-02-12 | 2021-12-24 | 上海电力大学 | 一种浓淡燃烧器 |
| CN111237751B (zh) * | 2020-02-18 | 2022-06-10 | 上海电力大学 | 一种用于降低氮氧化物排放的浓淡分离器 |
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| CN2069071U (zh) * | 1989-11-30 | 1991-01-09 | 张寿珍 | 节能煤粉燃烧器 |
| CN1076261A (zh) * | 1992-03-07 | 1993-09-15 | 山东省电力试验研究所 | 浓淡型煤粉燃烧器 |
| CN2154399Y (zh) * | 1993-02-21 | 1994-01-26 | 东北电力学院 | 浓淡燃烧器 |
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| CN2069071U (zh) * | 1989-11-30 | 1991-01-09 | 张寿珍 | 节能煤粉燃烧器 |
| CN1076261A (zh) * | 1992-03-07 | 1993-09-15 | 山东省电力试验研究所 | 浓淡型煤粉燃烧器 |
| CN2154399Y (zh) * | 1993-02-21 | 1994-01-26 | 东北电力学院 | 浓淡燃烧器 |
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| CN102287816A (zh) * | 2011-07-20 | 2011-12-21 | 蒋振华 | 一种煤粉锅炉防结焦燃烧器及安装该燃烧器的锅炉 |
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