CN104421288B - 冲压铆钉和将单组件彼此附接的方法及设备 - Google Patents

冲压铆钉和将单组件彼此附接的方法及设备 Download PDF

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CN104421288B
CN104421288B CN201410447870.3A CN201410447870A CN104421288B CN 104421288 B CN104421288 B CN 104421288B CN 201410447870 A CN201410447870 A CN 201410447870A CN 104421288 B CN104421288 B CN 104421288B
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Prior art keywords
rivet
component
rivet portion
flange
punch
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CN104421288A (zh
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奥利弗·迪尔
理查德·汉弗伯特
安德里亚斯·朗巴克
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Profil Verbindungstechnik GmbH and Co KG
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Profil Verbindungstechnik GmbH and Co KG
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21JFORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J15/00Riveting
    • B21J15/02Riveting procedures
    • B21J15/025Setting self-piercing rivets
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21JFORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J15/00Riveting
    • B21J15/02Riveting procedures
    • B21J15/04Riveting hollow rivets mechanically
    • B21J15/046Riveting hollow rivets mechanically by edge-curling
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21JFORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J15/00Riveting
    • B21J15/10Riveting machines
    • B21J15/14Riveting machines specially adapted for riveting specific articles, e.g. brake lining machines
    • B21J15/147Composite articles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21JFORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J15/00Riveting
    • B21J15/10Riveting machines
    • B21J15/36Rivet sets, i.e. tools for forming heads; Mandrels for expanding parts of hollow rivets
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/562Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits using extra joining elements, i.e. which are not integral with the parts to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721Fibre-reinforced materials
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7394General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/74Joining plastics material to non-plastics material
    • B29C66/742Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to metals or their alloys
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81431General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined comprising a single cavity, e.g. a groove
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16BDEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B19/00Bolts without screw-thread; Pins, including deformable elements; Rivets
    • F16B19/04Rivets; Spigots or the like fastened by riveting
    • F16B19/06Solid rivets made in one piece
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16BDEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B19/00Bolts without screw-thread; Pins, including deformable elements; Rivets
    • F16B19/04Rivets; Spigots or the like fastened by riveting
    • F16B19/08Hollow rivets; Multi-part rivets
    • F16B19/086Self-piercing rivets
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16BDEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B5/00Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
    • F16B5/04Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of riveting
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2793/00Shaping techniques involving a cutting or machining operation
    • B29C2793/0045Perforating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/47Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/472Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces said single elements being substantially flat
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81411General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat
    • B29C66/81421General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave
    • B29C66/81423General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave being concave
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81411General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat
    • B29C66/81425General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being stepped, e.g. comprising a shoulder
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49833Punching, piercing or reaming part by surface of second part
    • Y10T29/49835Punching, piercing or reaming part by surface of second part with shaping
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49947Assembling or joining by applying separate fastener
    • Y10T29/49954Fastener deformed after application
    • Y10T29/49956Riveting
    • Y10T29/49957At least one part nonmetallic
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/53Means to assemble or disassemble
    • Y10T29/5343Means to drive self-piercing work part

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Insertion Pins And Rivets (AREA)
  • Connection Of Plates (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于将单组件彼此固定的冲压铆钉,其中至少一个组件是复合材料的工件形成的,冲压铆钉具有较大直径的法兰、较小直径的铆钉部和位于法兰的邻近铆钉部的一侧并环绕铆钉部的环状组件接触表面;铆钉部在其自由端具有用于刺穿两个组件的环表面,两个组件至少基本上与冲压铆钉的中央纵轴垂直,铆钉部还具有内部凹环表面,内部凹环表面形成从冲压铆钉的端面到铆钉部的空腔内部空间的过渡。在铆钉部的大致圆柱形外表面上具有平行于纵轴延伸的凸棱,凸棱优选地延伸到铆钉部的自由端面。此外,还要求保护一种方法。

Description

冲压铆钉和将单组件彼此附接的方法及设备
技术领域
本发明涉及冲压铆钉(punch rivet)以及使用冲压铆钉将单组件(component)彼此附接在一起的方法,其中至少一个组件是由复合材料工件形成的。
背景技术
冲压铆钉是已知的,它们通常用于将金属片部件形式的两个组件固定在一起。为此目的,冲压铆钉具有较大直径的法兰(flange)、较小直径的铆钉部(rivet section)和位于法兰的邻近铆钉部的一侧并环绕铆钉部的环状组件接触表面(component contactsurface)。该表面经常是圆锥形表面,并且在将冲压铆钉压入两个组件期间,该表面被压入上部金属片部件的表面,法兰的远离铆钉部的一侧与上部金属片部件的上面侧平齐。
由在法兰方向上向内汇聚的圆锥形表面形成铆钉部的自由端。在圆锥形表面上施加力的结果是,导致铆钉部在压入期间以喇叭状(trumpet-like)方式展开,铆钉部不能刺穿第二个组件。由于铆钉部的喇叭状形状的楔作用(wedge action),组件被保持在一起,铆钉部填满组件的材料。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种新型的冲压铆钉,适合于将至少两个板状组件彼此连接在一起,其中至少一个组件由纤维或织物增强塑料(fiber or fabric reinforcedplastic)组成,实现高质量的铆钉结合,确保组件间的高强度连接,不会有明显的危险存在,危险是指使用的冲压铆钉被拔出一个组件或多个组件或者在使用过程中发生不期望的疲劳效应。
通常关心将两个或三个组件(或最终甚至多个组件)彼此连接在一起,其中至少一个组件由纤维或织物增强塑料组成。例如,由一个这种复合材料的组件和一个金属组件组成,或由两个这种复合材料的组件组成,或由两个这种复合材料的组件和一个金属组件组成,或由三个所述复合材料的组件组成。
至今,只提出了少数提议,用于将所称的复合材料的组件机械结合在一起。这些提议中的大部分涉及将紧固元件(fastening element)或增强板植入个别组件中,这些组件可用惯常的紧固元件固定在一起。然而,这相对复杂、昂贵并且扰乱个别组件在生产中的工艺顺序。
US-B-7,160,047描述了螺栓元件(bolt elements)或螺母元件(nut elements)形式的紧固元件(fastener elements)附接到组件上,组件由复合材料组成,复合材料在那里定义为易碎的或弹性的成分,例如由具有空腔或孔的材料组成,诸如塑料、木材、泡沫金属,以及用空心体或塑料或另一种相对软的材料填充的金属,该金属可以以夹心结构或复合材料的形式存在,例如单层或多层结构的形式,多层结构具有例如两层金属或塑料层和上述物质或材料的核心。
本发明与那些由纤维或织物增强塑料尤其是那些热固性(duroplastic)塑料基质材料形成对比有关,本发明还适合与以金属片部件形式的工件一起使用。相比于US 7,160,047中定义的材料,本发明的工件相对硬且薄,因此在对这类材料附接紧固元件的处理中,需要考虑其他因素。
关于本发明中可以使用的复合材料的定义,解释如下:
应当理解,纤维或织物增强塑料指具有高强度纤维的复合材料,如芳纶、碳纤维或玻璃纤维,以相对短填充纤维或长细丝形式存在,或由细丝织造,并植入塑料的基质材料中。诚然,热塑性塑料材料可被用作塑料;然而,热固性塑料通常用于车身(coachwork)部件。相应的部件一般以面板形式存在,通常具有三维形状。
为了实现上述目的,根据本发明,提供开头所称的那种冲压铆钉,其中铆钉部在其自由端具有用于刺穿两个工件的环表面(ring surface),两个工件至少基本上垂直于冲压铆钉的中央纵轴,并且铆钉部在其自由端优选地具有内部凹环表面(inner concave ringsurface),其形成冲压铆钉的端面到铆钉的空腔内部空间的过渡。在这种设计中,凹环表面的径向宽度小于环表面的径向宽度,环表面至少基本上垂直于冲压铆钉的中央纵轴。
相比于惯常的冲压铆钉,使用这种设计能够完全刺穿彼此放置在一起的组件,以便在下部组件的远离法兰的一侧产生高质量的铆钉卷边(rivet bead)。为此目的,本发明的冲压铆钉的长度必须显著地长于彼此放置在一起的堆叠组件的总厚度,与那些不能完全刺穿堆叠组件的冲压铆钉形成对比。
此外,本发明涉及对纤维或织物增强塑料的组件的适用,尤其是热固性塑料基质材料的组件,在施加于穿刺部的自由端上的力下这样的材料将被压碎,这样的材料是在这样的意义上使用,即利于产生的穿出塞(piercing slug)的处理,因为穿出塞具有的横向尺寸近似地相应于铆钉部的内直径。
当冲压铆钉在铆钉部的大致圆柱形外表面上具有平行于纵轴延伸的凸棱(ribs),凸棱优选地延伸到铆钉部的自由端,这样是特别有利的。
通过沿着保留的大致管状铆钉部(管状铆钉部与纵向凸棱分离)移除凸棱的材料,可以形成材料堆积,材料堆积将组件彼此夹在一起,实际上是夹在冲压铆钉的法兰与材料堆积之间。然后,如果需要,保留的管状铆钉部的自由端可重塑成铆钉卷边,下面将更详细地解释。
这种设计使得在制造中间产品的意义上,首相将冲压铆钉附接到一个组件或两个组件上成为可能,并且该中间产品可被带到同一个工厂的不同制造地点或别处,并且铆钉到一个或多个其它组件。然而,该中间产品其自身可以是最终产品。
冲压铆钉可由法兰区域的壁封闭,或者它可有沿空腔铆钉的全长延伸的中心通道。
本发明的方法涉及使用冲压铆钉将单个组件彼此联合在一起,其中至少一个组件是由复合材料的工件形成的。在这一点上,冲压铆钉具有较大直径的法兰、较小直径的铆钉部和位于法兰的邻近铆钉部的一侧并环绕铆钉部的环状组件接触表面。铆钉部在其自由端被设计成用于刺穿两个工件,凸棱设置在铆钉部的大致圆柱形外表面上,平行于纵轴延伸,并且优选地延伸到铆钉部的自由端,该方法包括以下步骤:
a)安置冲模母模靠着组件中的一个组件,组件是待彼此固定在一起并放置在一起的,冲模母模具有钻孔,其尺寸被设计成用于接收铆钉部但不包括凸棱;
b)使冲压铆钉朝着冲模母模的方向相对运动,铆钉部的自由端在前面靠在彼此安置在一起的组件上;
c)用铆钉部的自由端刺穿组件,并且将铆钉部引导到冲模母模的钻孔内,同时削去凸棱的材料直到组件接触表面与邻近法兰的组件接触,并且削去的材料形成材料堆积将组件夹在法兰和它们自身之间。
这样,上面提到的中间产品被制造出来,然而它也可以是最终产品。为了将这种中间产品制成最终产品,铆钉部的远离法兰并凸出于组件的端部区域可被制成铆钉卷边,这可以使用第二冲模母模实现,第二冲模母模具有中心柱和环绕中心柱的凹圆环表面,实际上可以不附加另一个组件或者附加预穿孔(pre-holed)组件。在两种情况下,铆钉卷边的形成和材料堆积都导致彼此相对放置的组件优异的夹紧连接,实际上在堆叠组件一侧的法兰和材料堆积与另一侧的铆钉卷边之间。
方法可以按这样的方式进行,即在步骤b)和c)中产生的穿出塞(从多个组件上)优选地通过第一冲模母模的发散孔而处理。
作为替代,当第一冲模母模的中心部(作为可替换活塞而形成)移动进入空腔铆钉部内并且穿出塞被压入冲压铆钉的管状空腔空间内时,结合强度增大。尤其冲压铆钉是在法兰区域被横断壁封闭的冲压铆钉,该处理尤其有利。然后,穿出塞可被带到与封闭壁接触,充分增强连接。
附图说明
下面将结合具体实施例并参考附图对本发明作进一步更详细地说明。附图说明如下:
图1A至1C是根据本发明的冲压铆钉,包括沿图1B中箭头I方向的冲压铆钉的铆钉部端视图(图1A),部分截面侧视图(图1B)和透视图(图1C);
图2A至2C是根据图1A至1C的冲压铆钉附接到两个组件以彼此固定起来的三个阶段示意图,图2A显示起始位置,图2B显示根据图2A的元件的处理工艺,图2C显示产生的第一产品;
图3A至3C是处理图2C的第一产品的进一步阶段的示意图,图2C这里再次显示为图3A,依靠图3B的设备产生根据图3C的完成的产品。
具体实施方式
参考图1A至1C,显示冲压铆钉10用于将单个组件40、42彼此附接在一起(图2A),其中至少一个组件40是由复合材料的工件形成的。
冲压铆钉10具有较大直径D1的法兰12、较小直径D2的铆钉部14和位于法兰的邻近铆钉部14的一侧16并环绕铆钉部14的环状组件接触表面18。铆钉部14在其自由端20具有环表面22,用于刺穿两个组件40、32,两个组件至少基本上与冲压铆钉10的中央纵轴24垂直,铆钉部还具有内部凹环表面26,内部凹环表面形成从冲压铆钉10的端面22到铆钉部的空腔内部空间28的过渡。该凹环表面26是非必需的,并且它对于环表面22严格的垂直于中央纵轴24也是非必需的,它可以与纵轴形成80至100°的封闭角,也可以是圆形的。
组件接触表面18显示为锥形表面,然而这也是非必需的,该表面也可以与纵轴垂直。组件接触表面的区域由法兰的直径限定,由于表面压力的设计涉及到与第一组件的性质相关的材料以及在操作中从冲压铆钉产生的力或由冲压铆钉传输的力,因此组件接触表面的区域应该选择地足够大。铆钉部具有恰当的圆柱空腔内部空间28以及与圆形纵向凸棱30分离的恰当的圆柱套表面。凸棱30延伸跨越铆钉部整个长度,优选地达到铆钉部14的自由端20。铆钉部的长度超过待彼此固定在一起的组件的总厚度一定量以允许铆钉卷边的形成。
在该实施例中,冲压铆钉10在法兰区域由壁32界定,该壁32限定了空腔内部空间28,并且如图1B显示的呈轻微弓形。
完全可能省略壁32,并形成冲压铆钉10为空腔冲压铆钉,也就是说,相应于空腔内部空间28的中心通道在空腔铆钉的全长上延伸。
附图标记34指示为带状物(fillet),其形成从铆钉部14到金属片接触表面18的过渡,并且具有大约凸棱30的径向厚度。
现在参考图2A至2C描述使用冲压铆钉将单个组件40、42彼此附接在一起以形成第一产品的方法。在该实施例中,至少上部的组件40是由复合材料的工件形成的。组件42可以是金属片部件或另一个复合材料的工件。应当理解,本申请(包括专利权利要求)中的术语“复合材料”是在上面引证的定义的意义上使用。应当注意,冲压铆钉可以如此附接以使得组件接触表面18接触在另一个组件40上(如这里显示的)或者反之亦然,即接触金属片组件42。此外,该方法并不局限于将两个组件彼此附接在一起。
在图2A中,冲压铆钉10在其顶部设置有较大直径D1的法兰,在底部(上部组件40)设有较小直径D2的铆钉部。在这一点上,法兰的邻近铆钉部的组件接触表面18围绕与组件40相对的铆钉部。被设计用于刺穿两个工件40、42的铆钉部14的自由端面20直接置于上部组件40上面,并且在铆钉部14的圆柱形外表面平行于纵轴延伸的凸棱39垂直于上部组件40。
生产根据图2C的第一产品的方法包括如下步骤:
a)安置冲模母模靠着组件40、42中的一个组件42,组件40、42是待彼此固定在一起并放置在一起的,冲模母模具有钻孔52,其尺寸被设计成用于接收铆钉部14但不包括凸棱30;
b)使冲压铆钉朝着冲模母模50的方向相对运动,铆钉部的自由端22在前面靠在彼此安置在一起的组件40、42上;
c)用铆钉部14的自由端22刺穿组件40、42,并且将铆钉部引导到冲模母模的钻孔52内,同时削去凸棱30的材料直到组件接触表面18与邻近法兰12的组件40接触,并且削去的材料形成材料堆积36将组件40、42夹在法兰12和它们自身之间。
为了附接冲压铆钉10,通常引入安装或穿刺头(setting or piercing head),使得这种冲压铆钉或紧固元件一个接着另一个附接到工件40、42上。在这一点上,通常使用弹簧加载的压紧件(同样没有示出但其本身是公知的),它环绕冲压铆钉或紧固元件并压住工件,这里的组件40、42靠着冲模母模50的端面,以便工件40、42能被维持在其期望的位置。冲压铆钉10或紧固元件10通常朝工件的方向运动,依靠朝工件40、42的安装头60的活塞(同样未示出)。
如上面解释的那样,冲模母模50位于工件40、42的下面,通常具有圆柱形并被引入工具(未示出)的相应的钻孔(同样未示出)。
如通常用于附接紧固元件,该讨论涉及穿刺头,其被安装在压机(press)的上部工具或安装在压机的中间压盘,然而接收冲模母模50的工具分别是压机的中间压盘或压机的下部工具。相反的安装也是可能的,即安装头安置在压机的下部工具或压机的中间压盘,然而冲模母模50定位于中间压盘或压机的上部工具。
并不是必须使用压力用于将冲压铆钉附接到工件上,例如通过机器人的方式,例如根据欧洲专利0 691 900的例子可以使用,通过机器人携带冲模母模50和安装头。然而,敲打工具或其它工具也可用于附接功能元件排列到组件上,例如根据下列给予保护的权利DE-PS 197 47 267、EP 0 890 397或DE-PS 197 01 088中的工具。
确实通常习惯性地将紧固元件10按中央纵轴17垂直地设置附接于工件。然而,这种方位并非必须的。与此不同,纵轴17可具有任意期望的空间方位。相应地,本申请中使用的几何学术语,如垂直或上部或底部或上面或下面,应被理解为其名称简单地涉及相应附图的方向,而不应当解析成限定性地。
从图2C中可以看出,根据图2A至2C的制造工艺的结果即第一产品。该第一产品可以已经是完成的产品,或者可以按如图3A至3C 所示进一步加工,图3A与图2C相同,为了显示根据图2C的第一产品形成起始产品或另一工艺。
在图3B中使用了另一个冲模母模70。该冲模母模70具有中心柱72和环绕中心柱72的凹圆环表面74。依靠按箭头方向76施加的力将第一产品形式的组件装配移向冲模母模70,例如依靠在法兰12上面一侧的压机(未示出)中的活塞(未示出)施加力。如上描述的,冲模母模70维持在压机的下部工具内或中间压盘内。当组件装配的运动增加并且未示出的压机靠近增加时,从远离法兰12的组件40、42凸出的铆钉部14的端部37渐渐被向下压(图3B)。这样,铆钉部14的自由端22被强迫沿着中心柱72运动,并且随后沿着凹圆环表面74向径向外侧运动,因此铆钉部的自由端37发生卷边形成铆钉卷边38。
中心柱72为铆钉部的自由端22定中心,中心柱72滑进自由端37,并且中心柱72的轻微呈圆锥形向下分散形式使铆钉部14的自由端22呈径向外侧方向运动。
图3C是完成的产品。作为在压机内实现这种重塑必须的相对运动的替代,也可以依靠机器人或力致动舌片(force-actuated tongue)或其它实现运动。
一方面根据图2A至2C,另一方面根据图3A至3C,按照两步实现根据图3C所示的完成的产品的生产,取决于这样的目的,也可以在一个设备内的不同阶段实现,例如在渐进式的工具中。如果将较小的金属片部件附接到复合组件,首先可进行多个操作,在一个压机内实现;或者待制造的第一产品在一个设备内制造,最终产品在同一个工厂的第二个设备内制造,两个设备可以是转移系统的部分,或者两个设备可以位于同一工厂的不同位置或在不同的工厂或在同一生产大厅的不同区域。
此外,还可能存在的情况是,在根据图3A至3C的第二制造阶段放置另一个预穿孔组件(未示出),凸出的铆钉部靠着第二组件42的下边,并且该另一个组件(它也可以由多个组件组成)可通过随后形成的铆钉卷边38固定到两个最初所称的组件40、42。
上面刚解释过的方法,也可以这样的方式发生,即出现的穿出塞54可以通过示出的第一冲模母模50的发散钻孔52而移除。作为替代,尤其是当冲压铆钉10是具有闭合横断壁32的冲压铆钉时,作为置换活塞(在孔52内可移动性地设置,用于轴向运动)形成的第一冲模母模50的中心部分,可被用于将穿出塞54压入空腔铆钉部14内,并被带到与横断壁32的内侧接触。
在所有实施例中,材料可以指定例如那些来自冲压铆钉的材料,其中根据ISO标准冷变形特性达到8级强度值或者更高,例如根据DIN 1654的35B2合金。也可以是铝合金,尤其是那些更高强度的铝合金可被用作冲压铆钉,例如AlMg5。更高强度的镁合金冲压铆钉,例如AM50,也可以考虑。
附图标记列表
10 冲压铆钉
12 法兰
14 铆钉部
15 铆钉卷边
16 法兰的邻近铆钉部的一侧
18 组件接触表面
20 端(部)
22 环表面
24 纵轴
26 凹环表面
28 铆钉部的空腔内部空间
30 纵向凸棱
32 横断壁
34 带状物
36 材料堆积
37 铆钉部的自由端
38 铆钉卷边
40 上部组件
42 下部组件
50 冲模母模
52 (钻)孔
54 穿出塞
60 穿刺头
70 冲模母模
72 中心柱
74 凹圆半圆环面
76 箭头方向

Claims (10)

1.一种用于将单组件(40, 42)彼此固定的冲压铆钉(10),其中至少一个组件(40)是复合材料的工件形成的,所述冲压铆钉(10)具有较大直径(D1)的法兰(12)、较小直径(D2)的铆钉部(14)和位于所述法兰的邻近所述铆钉部(14)的一侧(16)并环绕所述铆钉部的环状组件接触表面(18);所述铆钉部(14)在其自由端具有用于刺穿至少两个组件(40, 42)的环表面(22),所述至少两个组件至少基本上与所述冲压铆钉的中央纵轴(24)垂直,所述铆钉部还具有内部凹环表面(26),所述内部凹环表面形成从所述冲压铆钉的端面到所述铆钉部的空腔内部空间的过渡;在所述铆钉部(14)的大致圆柱形外表面上具有平行于纵轴(24)延伸的凸棱(30),全部所述凸棱延伸到所述铆钉部(14)的自由端面,并且所述凸棱(30)的材料能够被削去,且削去的材料形成材料堆积(36)将所述组件(40, 42)夹在所述法兰(12)和所述材料堆积之间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的冲压铆钉,其特征在于,所述冲压铆钉(10)在所述法兰区域由壁(32)封闭。
3.根据权利要求1所述的冲压铆钉,其特征在于,具有在所述铆钉部的全长上延伸的中心通道。
4.一种使用冲压铆钉(10)将单组件(40, 42)彼此附接的方法,其特征在于,至少一个组件(40)是由复合材料的工件形成的,所述冲压铆钉具有较大直径(D1)的法兰(12)、较小直径(D2)的铆钉部(14)和位于所述法兰的邻近所述铆钉部的一侧(16)并环绕所述铆钉部的环状组件接触表面(18);所述铆钉部(14)的自由端被设计成用于刺穿至少两个工件,凸棱(30)设置在所述铆钉部(14)的大致圆柱形外表面上,平行于纵轴延伸,并且全部所述凸棱延伸到所述铆钉部的自由端,所述方法包括以下步骤:
a)安置冲模母模靠着所述组件(40, 42)中的一个组件(42),所述组件(40, 42)是待彼此固定并放置在一起的,所述冲模母模具有钻孔(52),所述钻孔的尺寸被设计成用于接收所述铆钉部(14)但不包括所述凸棱(30);
b)使所述冲压铆钉(10)朝着所述冲模母模(50)的方向相对运动,所述铆钉部的自由端在前面靠在彼此安置在一起的所述组件(40, 42)上;
c)用所述铆钉部(14)的自由端刺穿所述组件(40, 42),并且将所述铆钉部引导到所述冲模母模的钻孔(52)内,同时削去所述凸棱(30)的材料直到所述组件接触表面(18)与邻近所述法兰(12)的所述组件(40)接触,并且削去的材料形成材料堆积(36)将所述组件(40,42)夹在所述法兰(12)和所述材料堆积之间。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法还包括步骤:
d)通过使用具有中心柱(72)和环绕所述中心柱的凹圆环表面(74)的第二冲模母模(70),使所述铆钉部(14)的远离所述法兰(12)并凸出于所述组件的端部(37)发生卷边形成铆钉卷边(38)。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,在所述铆钉部的端部发生卷边形成铆钉卷边(38)之前,将另一个预穿刺组件置于所述铆钉部(14)的远离所述法兰(12)并凸出于所述组件的端部(37)上。
7.根据权利要求4、5或6所述的方法,其特征在于,在步骤b)和 c)中产生的穿出塞(54),要么通过第一冲模母模(50)的钻孔(52)处理,要么通过第一冲模母模的作为可置换活塞的中心部移动到空腔铆钉部(14)内。
8.一种使用冲压铆钉(10)将单组件彼此附接的设备,其中至少一个组件(40, 42)是由复合材料的工件形成的,所述冲压铆钉(10)具有较大直径(D1)的法兰(12)、较小直径(D2)的铆钉部(14)和位于所述法兰(12)的邻近所述铆钉部(14)的一侧(16)并环绕所述铆钉部(14)的环状组件接触表面(18);所述铆钉部(14)在其自由端被设计成用于刺穿至少两个组件(40, 42),在所述铆钉部(14)的大致圆柱形外表面上具有平行于纵轴(24)延伸的凸棱(30),全部所述凸棱延伸到所述铆钉部(14)的自由端;所述设备包括如下部件:
a)冲模母模(50),所述冲模母模靠着所述组件(40, 42)中的一个组件安置,所述组件(40, 42)是待彼此附接并彼此放置在一起的,所述冲模母模(50)具有钻孔(52),所述钻孔的尺寸被设计成用于接收所述铆钉部(14)但不包括所述凸棱;和
b)使所述冲压铆钉(10)朝着所述冲模母模(50)的方向相对运动的设备,所述铆钉部(14)的自由端面在前面靠在彼此安置在一起的所述组件(40, 42)上,因此所述组件(40,42)可被所述铆钉部(14)的自由端刺穿,并且所述铆钉部(14)被引导到所述冲模母模(50)的钻孔内,同时削去所述凸棱的材料直到所述组件接触表面(18)与邻近所述法兰(12)的组件(40)接触,并且削去的材料形成材料堆积(36)将所述组件(40, 42)夹在所述法兰(12)和所述材料堆积之间。
9.根据权利要求8所述的设备,其特征在于,与第二冲模母模(70)组合,所述第二冲模母模具有中心柱(72)和环绕所述中心柱(72)的凹圆环表面(74),所述圆环表面(74)被设计成用于使所述铆钉部(14)的远离所述法兰(12) 并凸出于所述组件的端部区域发生卷边形成铆钉卷边。
10.根据权利要求8或9所述的设备,其特征在于,设置可置换活塞,所述可置换活塞在第一或第二冲模母模(50, 70)内可运动,以将穿出塞(54)压入空腔铆钉部(14)。
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