CN104410046B - With many circular arc phase comparison expression out-of-step protection methods of string - Google Patents
With many circular arc phase comparison expression out-of-step protection methods of string Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to many circular arc phase comparison expression out-of-step protection methods of same string, it is to change impedance plane by generator rotor angle δ to be divided into 00~δ1、δ1~δ2、δ2~δ3、δ3~δ4、δ4~3600Five areas, the circular arc border in five areas of division and reactance line boundary, pass through the corresponding measurement impedance value Z of the current generator rotor angle δ of these circular arc border detectionsCLocation, and differentiate ZCHistorical logic and the residence time in each area are passed through, determines whether unit enters desynchronizing state；It is judged as generator step-out or motor step-out, and records once sliding pole, protection is by adjusting how much cunning extremely sends corresponding actuating signal；Circular arc δ of the present invention1、δ2Border can be with unit generator rotor angle static stability boundary δJWith dynamic steady border δMCorrespondence, both as the border of unit step-out logic discrimination, can provide pretreatment or step-out warning function before step-out, simplify loss of synchronism protection criterion again.Sin δ need only be givenX、cosδXValue, two multiplication of increase are calculated during operation, are then realized logic discrimination, are simplified adaptive setting process, protection operation efficiency is optimized again.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of power, and in particular to be that a kind of many circular arc phase comparison expression step-outs of same string are protected
Maintaining method.
Background technology
As power system capacity constantly increases, the system impedance of generating set access is relatively small, once occur system
When instability vibrates, its oscillation center is easily entered inside generating set, the safety of serious threat generating set and system
Operation, at present, Chinese large-sized generating set assembles unit loss of synchronism protection, and has a variety of different types of criterions.Referring to Fig. 1 and
Fig. 2, the common loss of synchronism protection criterion method of large-sized unit has：1st, three impedor loss of synchronism protection criterion；2nd, double blocker losss of synchronism protection
Criterion.
Three impedor loss of synchronism protection criterions：
The measurement impedance computation of three impedor losss of synchronism protection uses generator voltage, electric current, according to step-out impedance rail
Mark property identification whether step-out；
Double blocker loss of synchronism protection criterions：Double blocker losss of synchronism protection use generator voltage, Current calculation resistance R (R
=real (Zc)), impedance plane is divided into five areas by tetra- resistive conductors of R1, R2, R3, R4, locus of impedance passes through five
Area and in each area's sufficient dwell time, then protection is judged to occur vibration step-out.
Referring to Fig. 3 to Fig. 5, generator terminal measurement locus of impedance change when it is transformer unit system, active P (δ) characteristics and step-out
Relation；In figure, PT=PNMechanical output and electrical power, δ during-normal operationN- when normally running, unit potential is to system equivalent
The generator rotor angle of potential, δJ- static stability boundary generator rotor angle (during hair maximum electric power), δM- dynamic steady border generator rotor angle (>δMOut-of-step operation)；ZC—
Measure impedance value, ZL- unit gets in touch with impedance, X ' with systemd、XTThe reactance of-generator transient state, transformer reactance.
Under normal circumstances, generator is run in Jing Wen areas, and generator rotor angle δ is less than δJ；If generator rotor angle δ is more than δJDuring operation, generator will
Lose quiet steady operation characteristic, easily unstability.
When system disturbance is vibrated, generator rotor angle δ does periodic wobble, if stable oscillation stationary vibration, and full swing generator rotor angle δ is less than δM；If
It is non-stable oscillation stationary vibration (i.e. step-out), full swing generator rotor angle δ is more than δM。
From P (δ) characteristic, generator rotor angle δ is more than δMAfterwards, PT＞ PN,Generator rotor angle δ be will be further increased, and unit is gradually walked
Enter desynchronizing state, if can now reduce PTOr increase excitation, then have an opportunity unit pull-in step running status.
When desynchronizing state is run, generator rotor angle δ change procedure is:
With generator rotor angle δ change, generator terminal measurement impedance Z c:
When, Zc variation tracks be withFor the center of circle, withFor the circle of radius；
When, Zc variation tracks areStraight line.
Loss of synchronism protection criterion is to reflect generator rotor angle δ change procedure by detecting Zc in the variation track of impedance plane
's.
Three impedor loss of synchronism protection criterions shown in Fig. 1, using simple lens, it is impossible to which generator rotor angle δ is from δ when detecting step-outN→δJ
And δJ→δMThe change period, therefore lose by unit pull-in step state run chance, early warning work(before step-out can not be also provided
Energy.
Simple lens realized using double Low ESR garden active region "AND" logic discriminations, as shown in Figure 6：
When adjusting, according to ZA、ZBAnd δ1、δ2Calculate Low ESR circle O1、O2Center of circle vector ZO1、ZO2；Radius RO1、RO2.Solution
EquationObtain ZO1、ZO2,
When protection is calculated, differentiate | ZC-ZO1|≤RO1&&|ZC-ZO2|≤RO2Formula is set up then Zc and fallen into simple lens.
There is larger amount of calculation when adjusting and when protection is run.
Double blocker loss of synchronism protection criterions shown in Fig. 2, use resistance straight line R1 (R2, R3, R4) simply to be replaced for border
δ1(δ2、δ3、δ4) the corresponding circular arc of generator rotor angle, enter active region from diverse location on resistance line boundary, correspondence generator rotor angle δ be it is different,
As shown in fig. 7, arbitrarily being clicked through from circular arc into active region, generator rotor angle is δ1, and on resistive conductor R, enter active region work(from A points
Angle is δ1, it is δ ' to enter active region generator rotor angle from B points1, δ '1≠δ1, therefore resistive conductor R can not accurately reflect generator rotor angle δ change.
Under unit different running method, the corresponding generator rotor angle δ of resistive conductor R are passed through different so that same under same asynchronous oscillation frequency
In subregion, the residence time is difficult to determine.Meanwhile, general step-out measurement locus of impedance is circle feature so that external boundary R1, R4 correspondence
0, the residence time in IV areas be more difficult to science determination.
Therefore, " three impedor losss of synchronism protection " and " double blocker losss of synchronism protection " defect is obvious.
Above-mentioned three impedor, the loss of synchronism protection of double blockers are divided into several areas using by measurement impedance plane, know
Other generator terminal measurement impedance vibration sliding trace gradually passes through these areas, and in each area's sufficient dwell time, to realize that step-out is patrolled
Collect and differentiate.Current loss of synchronism protection still suffers from some following technological deficiencies：
1st, three impedor losss of synchronism protection use simple lens and blocker property combination, impedance plane are only divided into four areas
To differentiate step-out, the static stability boundary and dynamic steady border for being not easy to unit generator rotor angle coincide, and such as wish that generator rotor angle is crossed before step-out is slided extremely
Pre-process, be just difficult to before pre- hair of-step signal or step-out after asynchronous boundary.
2nd, three impedor lens peculiarities are realized using double Low ESR garden active region "AND" logic discriminations, whole encryption
Z must be passed throughA、ZBThe center of circle vector radius in double Low ESR gardens is calculated with δ.During operation, lens, reactance line characteristic are using resistance
Anti- modulus value comparative discriminant, amount of calculation is larger.
When the 3rd, occurring asynchronous oscillation, generator terminal measurement locus of impedance is a circle (being in particular cases straight line).Impedance
Generator rotor angle δ change is the sliding key character amount for being exceedingly fast slow of vibration in plane.Double blocker losss of synchronism protection are simply straight using resistance
Line R1 (R2, R3, R4) is border, under unit different running method, same asynchronous oscillation cycle, the corresponding work(of resistance line boundary
Angle δ is different, therefore the time through the area also differs so that in same subregion, and the sliding more time not can determine that.
R1, R4 straight border make IV, the cunning time of getting in 0th area is more difficult to science determination.
The content of the invention
In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of same many circular arc phase comparison expression step-outs of string
Guard method, can accurately react generator rotor angle δ from δN→δJ→δM→ change procedure there is provided by unit pull-in step state run
Chance or step-out early warning, both simplified adaptive setting process, protection operation efficiency optimized again.
To achieve these goals, the present invention is to realize by the following technical solutions：
A kind of many circular arc phase comparison expression out-of-step protection methods of same string, its method and step is as follows：
(1) the measurement impedance with many circular arc losss of synchronism protection of string is calculated；The calculating for measuring impedance value is generated electricity using measurement in real time
The voltage and current of generator terminal, then calculates measurement impedance value according to the voltage and current measured in real time；
(2) measurement impedance variations track is formulated；According to the measurement impedance value of Continuous plus, measurement impedance is drawn flat in impedance
The variation track in face,
(3) according to measurement impedance impedance plane variation track, differentiate generating set whether step-out；According to measurement impedance
Impedance plane variation track Characteristics Detection unit side potential to the generator rotor angle δ of system equivalent potential change procedure, differentiate hair
Group of motors whether step-out；The method of discrimination is as follows：
Impedance plane is divided into 0 °~δ by (3a) by generator rotor angle δ changes1、δ1~δ2、δ2~δ3、δ3~δ4、δ4~360 °Wu Ge areas,
I.e. 0, I, II, III, IV area, wherein, 0 °<δ1<δ2<δ3<δ4<360°；
(3b) judges the circular arc border in above-mentioned five areas and the border of reactance line by using phase-comparison method, and detection is worked as
Preceding generator rotor angle δ is corresponding to measure impedance value ZCLocation；And differentiate measurement impedance ZCWhen passing through historical track and the stop in each area
Between, it is determined whether whether generating set enters desynchronizing state；
Above-mentioned measurement impedance value ZCThe historical track in each area is passed through, if the historical track is worn when sequentially sufficient successively
Guo Wuge areas, then be judged as that vibration step-out occurs for generating set；
(3c) is under above-mentioned generator step-out or motor step loss condition, if measurement locus of impedance is in each area's residence time
During the time given more than protection seting, then protection is judged as measurement impedance value ZCSucceed through the area；Conversely, being then judged as surveying
Measure impedance value ZCThe area is passed through not successfully；
(3d) judges the oscillation center position that generating set vibrates；When track position of the measurement impedance on impedance plane
Below reactance line, then it is assumed that oscillation center is in generating set；When track of the measurement impedance on impedance plane is located at reactance
More than line, then it is assumed that oscillation center is in system side；
(4) vibration step-out is occurred according to generating set and sends protection act；When vibration step-out occurs for generating set, measurement
Track of the impedance on impedance plane is per through once, count is incremented for generator step-out or motor step-out cunning pole, by whole district by district
Determine slip pole times realization and send protection signal, while there is provided preprocessing function before step-out or step-out early warning.
In the step (3b), if above-mentioned historical track sequentially sequentially passes through 0, I, II, III, IV area, sentence
Break as generator step-out, and record and once slide pole；
If measuring track of the impedance on impedance plane sequentially sequentially passes through IV, III, II, I, 0th area, it is judged as
Motor step-out, and record once sliding pole.
In the step (4), if oscillation center occurs in generating set or system side, the acceleration of generator step-out is slided
Count is incremented for pole or the deceleration of motor step-out slides pole count is incremented.
In described step (3b), circular arc border and the reactance line in above-mentioned five areas are judged by using phase-comparison method
Border, its judgement is as follows：First according to comparison method judge two correspondence boundary vectors between phase difference relation, utilize two correspondences
Phase difference is in [α, β] interval differentiation relation between boundary vector, and realization judges arc operation Boundary Recognition, wherein, 0 ＜ α ＜ β.
Phase difference relation is as follows between judging two correspondence boundary vectors：
If assuming the corresponding vector Z of Liang Ge corresponding sides circle1=a+jb, Z2=c+jd, a, b, c, d are real number, Z1、Z2Two
Phase difference θ between vector1、2In [α, β] α<β) interval relation is：
Order
imag(Ze-jα)=(bc-ad) cos α-(ac+bd) sin α；
To α≤θ1,2≤ β is set up：
As 0 ＜ β-α ＜ π, α≤θ1,2≤ β=(α≤θ1,2≤α+π)&&(β-π≤θ1,2≤β),
Draw, whenWhen, α≤θ1,2≤ β is set up；
When meeting (bc-ad) cos α-(ac+bd) sin α >=0＆＆ (ac+bd) sin β-(bc-ad) cos β >=0, α≤θ1,2
≤ β is set up；
As π ＜ β-α 2 π of ＜, α≤θ1,2≤ β=(α≤θ1,2≤α+π)||(β-π≤θ1,2≤β),
Draw, whenWhen, α≤θ1,2≤ β is set up；
Meet (bc-ad) cos α-(ac+bd) sin α >=0 | | during (ac+bd) sin β-(bc-ad) cos β >=0, α≤θ1,2
≤ β is set up.
Further, above-mentioned judgement arc operation Boundary Recognition is according to as follows：
Arc angle δ1, 0<δ1<π, δ1~δ2Between border criterion be：
((bc-ad)cosδ1-(ac+bd)sinδ1>=0) | | when (ad-bc >=0), δ1≤δ≤2π；
Arc angle δ2, 0 ＜ δ2＜ π, δ2~δ3Between border criterion be：
((bc-ad)cosδ2-(ac+bd)sinδ2>=0) | | when (ad-bc >=0), δ2≤ δ≤2 π, arc angle δ3, π ＜ δ3
＜ 2 π, δ3~δ4Between border criterion be：
((bc-ad)cosδ3-(ac+bd)sinδ3>=0) ＆＆ (ad-bc >=0) when, δ3≤δ≤2π；
Arc angle δ4, π ＜ δ4＜ 2 π, δ4Border criterion is between~2 π：
((bc-ad)cosδ4-(ac+bd)sinδ4>=0) ＆＆ (ad-bc >=0) when, δ4≤δ≤2π；
Wherein, Z1=ZB-ZC=a+jb, Z2=ZA‐ZC=c+jd；ZAFor measurement point to system side equivalent impedance；ZBFor measurement
Point arrives unit side equivalent impedance；ZCFor measurement impedance value；δ is generator rotor angle of the unit side potential to system equivalent potential；a、b、c、d
For real number.
Above-mentioned reactance line ZTBorder criterion is as follows：
When meeting mh+nk >=0, this represents that oscillation center enters side of generating set, wherein, ZT=h+jk, Z1=ZT‐ZC=m
+ jn, h, k, m, n are respectively real number, ZTTo determine the impedance value of reactance line characteristic.
The present invention is by the above method, and it can match in the static stability boundary of unit operation generator rotor angle and dynamic steady border, both make
For the border of unit step-out logic discrimination, pretreatment or step-out warning function before step-out can be provided again, and lens peculiarity is realized in cancellation
Low ESR garden differentiate, simplify adaptive setting and operation amount of calculation.The corresponding generator rotor angle δ of partition boundaries of impedance plane is transported with unit
Line mode is unrelated so that under the identical asynchronous oscillation cycle, in same subregion, the cunning more time for having determination, can be accurately anti-
Generator rotor angle δ is answered from δN→δJ→δM→ change procedure there is provided the chance for running unit pull-in step state or step-out early warning.And
And phase comparative discriminant is used, adaptive setting process had both been simplified, protection operation efficiency is optimized again, while being increase detection
There is provided good autgmentability for the arc boundary of generator rotor angle δ changes；Sin δ need only be givenX、cosδXValue, x is 0 to 4；Increase during operation
Two multiplication are calculated, and then realize logic discrimination.As needed, circular arc δXBorder can be in interval 0<δX<Arbitrarily set in 2 π
Fixed, unrestricted, these are difficult to by lens impedance circle logical combination.
Brief description of the drawings
Describe the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description；
Fig. 1 is that existing three impedors loss of synchronism protection acts schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is existing pair of blocker loss of synchronism protection action schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is existing transformer unit system block diagram；
Fig. 4 is that existing generating set is step-out active P (δ) performance diagram；
Fig. 5 is existing electric discharge unit generator terminal measurement step-out locus of impedance and generator rotor angle δ variation relation curve maps；
Fig. 6 is double Low ESR garden logic realization schematic diagrames of simple lens；
Fig. 7 is the R resistive boundaries characteristic schematic diagrames of double blockers；
Fig. 8 is many circular arc loss of synchronism protection acting characteristic curve maps of same string of the invention；
Fig. 9 is many circular arc loss of synchronism protection logic diagrams of same string of the invention；
Figure 10 is the present invention with many circular arc loss of synchronism protection trip boundary exploded views of string；
Figure 11 is 0 ＜ δ of the invention1I areas circular arc border (δ during ＜ π1The π of ＜ δ ＜ 2) schematic diagram；
Figure 12 is π ＜ δ of the present invention4During 2 π of ＜, circular arc δ4Border (δ4The π of ＜ δ ＜ 2) schematic diagram；
Figure 13 is reactance line boundary schematic diagram of the invention；
Figure 14 is the particular flow sheet that invention loss of synchronism protection is realized.
In figure, ZA- measurement point is to system side equivalent impedance；ZB- measurement point is to unit side equivalent impedance；ZT- determine electricity
The impedance value of anti-line characteristic；ZC- measurement impedance value；Generator rotor angle of the δ-unit side potential to system equivalent potential.
Embodiment
To be easy to understand the technical means, the inventive features, the objects and the advantages of the present invention, with reference to
Embodiment, is expanded on further the present invention.
Referring to Fig. 8 to 14, the present invention is with many circular arc phase comparison expression out-of-step protection methods of string, and it is by work(by impedance plane
δ changes in angle are divided into 0 °~δ1、δ1~δ2、δ2~δ3、δ3~δ4、δ4~360 °Wu Ge areas, the circular arc border in five areas of division and electricity
Anti- line boundary, passes through the corresponding measurement impedance value Z of the current generator rotor angle δ of these circular arc border detectionsCLocation, and differentiate ZCPass through each
The historical logic in individual area and residence time, determine whether unit enters desynchronizing state；It is judged as that generator step-out or motor lose
Step, and sliding pole is recorded once, send corresponding protection act.Circular arc δ1、δ2Border can be with unit generator rotor angle static stability boundary δJWith it is dynamic
Steady border δMCorrespondence, both as the border of unit step-out logic discrimination, can provide pretreatment or step-out warning function before step-out again.
Unit correspond to identical generator rotor angle δ with any method of operation into certain circular arc border so that under same pull out frequency, pass through
There is the identical residence time in a certain region, is easy to adjust and uses.Independence between every circular arc, can arbitrarily be adjusted as needed,
Such as δ4The limitation of breaker breaking current can be combined to adjust, i.e. δ4=360 ° of-δtrip, δtrip- tripping operation angle, simplifies loss of synchronism protection and sentences
According to.
Present invention employs many circular arc criterion algorithms of the same string of phase comparison expression, succinctly, quickly.Often increase a circular arc δX
Border, need only give sin δX、cosδXValue, two multiplication of increase are calculated during operation, then realize logic discrimination.According to need
Will, circular arc δXBorder can be in interval 0<δX<Arbitrarily set in 2 π, unrestricted, these features are by lens impedance circle logical groups
Close what is be difficult to.The reason for because of subregion, generator rotor angle setting, can during the circular arc border of more than five with fixed ascending order relation
Using the current unit generator rotor angle region of dichotomy Rapid Detection.It is close to put circular arc border δX, utilogic diagnostic method measure generator rotor angle δ
Value and generator rotor angle rate of change d δ/dt values.
For technical scheme is discussed in detail, its specific specific embodiment is as follows：
The present invention is using the measurement impedance computation with many circular arc losss of synchronism protection of string, using generator voltage, electric current, root
According to measurement locus of impedance Characteristics Detection generator rotor angle δ change procedure, step-out is discriminated whether, as shown in Figure 8.
On impedance plane, with many circular arcs of string by exterior string ZAM、ZBN and circular arc 1. (δ1)、②(δ2)、③(δ3)、④(δ4) structure
Into, by impedance plane by generator rotor angle δ change be divided into 0 °~δ1、δ1~δ2、δ2~δ3、δ3~δ4、δ4~360 °Wu Ge areas, i.e., 0, I, II,
III, IV area.Measurement locus of impedance passes through five areas, i.e. 0 → I → II → III → IV：Generator step-out, or IV → III
→II→I→0：Motor step-out, and in each area's sufficient dwell time, then protection is judged to occur vibration step-out.It is every to wear district by district
Cross once, count is incremented for the cunning pole of protection.Generator step-out slides pole and motor step-out is slided pole and can counted respectively.
ZTAction, is distinguished upper and lower two parts by reactance line characteristic.When measurement locus of impedance passes through five areas, in II
Qu Zhong, below reactance line, then it is assumed that oscillation center is in generating set, more than reactance line, then it is assumed that oscillation center
In system side.
The asynchronous oscillation cycle is ToscWhen, sliding partition boundaries of getting over are (circular arc δm~δn) time：
Protection act is realized by adjusting slip pole times.Preprocessing function or step-out early warning before step-out are provided simultaneously.
The present invention realizes as follows with many circular arc phase comparison expression loss of synchronism protection algorithms of string：
It is divided into four arcses (δ with many circular arc loss of synchronism protection criterion boundaries of string1、δ2、δ3、δ4) and one section of reactance line ZTFive parts
Composition, arc angle correspondence generator rotor angle δ, realizes that border differentiates using phase bit comparison, as shown in Figure 10.
Phase-comparison method judges the algorithm research of phase difference relation between two vectors：
It is assumed that vector Z1=a+jb, Z2=c+jd, Z1、Z2Phase difference is in [α, β] (α between two vectors<β) interval relation
It is：
Order
imag(Ze-jα)=(bc-ad) cos α-(ac+bd) sin α
Wherein, imag ()-expression take imaginary part to α≤
θ1,2≤ β is set up, then is discussed in two kinds of situation：
1st, during 0 ＜ β-α ＜ π, α≤θ1,2≤ β=(α≤θ1,2≤α+π)&&(β-π≤θ1,2≤ β), draw, whenWhen, α≤θ1,2≤ β is set up；
When meeting (bc-ad) cos α-(ac+bd) sin α >=0＆＆ (ac+bd) sin β-(bc-ad) cos β >=0, α≤θ1,2
≤ β is set up.
2nd, during π ＜ β-α 2 π of ＜, α≤θ1,2≤ β=(α≤θ1,2≤α+π)||(β-π≤θ1,2≤ β), draw, whenWhen, α≤θ1,2≤ β is set up；
Meet (bc-ad) cos α-(ac+bd) sin α >=0 | | during (ac+bd) sin β-(bc-ad) cos β >=0, α≤θ1,2
≤ β is set up.
With many circular arc losss of synchronism protection of string using phase difference between two vectors in [α, β] (α<β) interval differentiation relation, is realized
Arc operation Boundary Recognition.Also in two kinds of situation：I.e. 1, α<The π of π, β=2；2、α>The π of π, β=2.
As shown in figure 11, phase difference interval [α, β] (α between corresponding Z1, Z2 vector of trip boundary<β), α=δ1<π, β=2
π.That is sin β=0, cos β=1, and the π of π ＜ β-α ＜ 2.Z1=ZB‐ZC=a+jb, Z2=ZA‐ZC=c+jd.It therefore meets ((bc-
ad)cosδ1-(ac+bd)sinδ1>=0) | | when (ad-bc >=0), δ1The π of≤δ≤2, i.e. impedance ZCIn A areas.
As shown in figure 12, phase difference interval [α, β] (α between corresponding Z1, Z2 vector of trip boundary<β), α=δ4>π, β=2
π.That is sin β=0, cos β=1, and 0 ＜ β-α ＜ π.Z1=ZB‐ZC=a+jb, Z2=ZA‐ZC=c+jd.It therefore meets ((bc-
ad)cosδ4-(ac+bd)sinδ4>=0) ＆＆ (ad-bc >=0) when, δ4The π of≤δ≤2, i.e. impedance ZCIn A areas.
As shown in figure 13, reactance line trip boundary differentiates, ZT=h+jk, Z1=ZT‐ZC=m+jn,When：It therefore meets
During mh+nk >=0, impedance ZCIn A areas.
During operation, the trip boundary of circular arc and reactance line differentiates and can further optimized.
Cause
U, I are measurement voltage, electric current, U=Ua+jUb, I=Ia+jIb。
Make ZA=RA+jXA, ZB=RB+jXB, ZT=RT+jXT。
Arc operation border differentiates optimization：
Z1With Z2Phase difference relation be equivalent to (ZB× I-U) and (ZA× I-U) between phase difference relation；
Make UB=ZB× I-U=(RBIa-XBIb-Ua)+j(RBIb+XBIa-Ub)=a+jb
UA=ZA× I-U=(RAIa-XAIb-Ua)-j(RAIb+XAIa-Ub)=c+jd
Work as RB=0, RAWhen=0；
The trip boundary of reactance line differentiates optimization：
Z1With ZTPhase difference relation be equivalent to (ZT× I-U) and (ZT× I) between phase difference relation；
Make UTC=ZT× I-U=(RTIa-XTIb-Ua)+j(RTIb+XTIa-Ub)=m+jn
UT=ZT× I=(RTIa-XTIb)+j(RTIb+XTIa)=h+jk
Work as RTWhen=0；
Summary, be with many segment boundary criterions of circular arc loss of synchronism protection five of string：
1st, circular arc δ1(0<δ1<π), border criterion is：
((bc-ad)cosδ1-(ac+bd)sinδ1>=0) | | when (ad-bc >=0), δ1≤δ≤2π。
2nd, circular arc δ2(0 ＜ δ2＜ π), border criterion is：
((bc-ad)cosδ2-(ac+bd)sinδ2>=0) | | when (ad-bc >=0), δ2≤δ≤2π
3rd, circular arc δ3(π ＜ δ3The π of ＜ 2), border criterion is：
((bc-ad)cosδ3-(ac+bd)sinδ3>=0) ＆＆ (ad-bc >=0) when, δ3≤δ≤2π
4th, circular arc δ4(π ＜ δ4The π of ＜ 2), border criterion is：
((bc-ad)cosδ4-(ac+bd)sinδ4>=0) ＆＆ (ad-bc >=0) when, δ4≤δ≤2π
5th, reactance line ZTBorder criterion is：When meeting mh+nk >=0, oscillation center enters side of generating set.
Loss of synchronism protection passes through the corresponding Z of the current generator rotor angle δ of these circular arc border detectionsCLocation, and differentiate ZCPass through each area
Historical logic and the residence time, determine unit whether enter desynchronizing state.Implement FB(flow block) as shown in Figure 14, this reality
The concrete methods of realizing for applying example is as follows：
(1) generating set anode-cathode voltage U and electric current I is measured；
(2) real number a, b, c, d, m, n, h, k value are calculated；
(3) ad-bc >=0 is judged, if so, then measurement impedance value ZCIt is currently located at II, III, IV area：
Circular arc δ3(π<δ3<2 π), border criterion is：
N=2+int ((bc-ad) cos δ3-(ac+bd)sinδ3≥0)+int((bc-ad)cosδ4-(ac+bd)sinδ4≥
0)
If it is not, then measuring impedance value ZcIt is currently located at 0, I, II area：
N=int ((bc-ad) cos δ1-(ac+bd)sinδ1≥0)+int((bc-ad)cosδ2-(ac+bd)sinδ2≥
0)。
Wherein, int ()-expression round numbers, the current area code of N-expression.
(4) judge whether current generator group occurs loss of excitation；If it is not, then entering step (5), otherwise, opened again from (one)
Begin to calculate.；
(5) judge to measure whether track of the impedance on impedance plane passes through region and region residence time, sentence
Whether track of the disconnected measurement impedance on impedance plane be from I areas to II areas or III areas to II areas, if the successfully region is passed through, and
It is more than in the region residence time and adjusts the setting time, then sends step-out early warning；And enter step (6)；
(6) judge to measure whether track of the impedance on impedance plane is located at below reactance line boundary, that is, judge whether full
During sufficient mh+nk >=0, and whether track of the measurement impedance on impedance plane is more than the setting time in the II areas residence time；If so,
Then track of the measurement impedance on impedance plane is located at below reactance line boundary, and the asynchronous oscillation of generating set is centrally located at machine
In group, otherwise, the asynchronous oscillation of generating set is centrally located at system side,
(7) if the asynchronous oscillation of generating set is centrally located in unit, and measurement impedance it is sufficient successively when pass through (0 → I
→ II → III → IV) five areas, then the acceleration of step-out logic slides pole count is incremented in unit, or measurement impedance it is sufficient successively when pass through
(IV → III → II → I → 0) five areas, then the deceleration of step-out logic slides that count is incremented for pole in unit；Judge that step-out is slided in unit
Whether pole count value is more than or equal to setting valve, is signaled if being more than or equal to loss of synchronism protection action in setting valve, unit；It is no
Then, since (one) again calculate.
(8) if the asynchronous oscillation of generating set is centrally located at system side, and measurement impedance it is sufficient successively when pass through (0 → I
→ II → III → IV) five areas, then the acceleration of system side step-out logic slides pole count is incremented, or measurement impedance it is sufficient successively when pass through
(IV → III → II → I → 0) five areas, the then deceleration of system side step-out logic slides that count is incremented for pole；Judge that system side step-out is slided
Whether pole count value is more than or equal to setting valve, if more than or equal to setting valve, system side loss of synchronism protection action is signaled；It is no
Then, since (one) again calculate.
The present invention is on impedance plane, with many circular arcs of string by exterior string Z with many circular arc loss of synchronism protection schemes of stringAM、ZBN and circle
Arc (δ1、δ2、δ3、δ4) constitute, as shown in figure 8, impedance plane is divided into 0 °~δ by generator rotor angle δ changes1、δ1~δ2、δ2~δ3、δ3~
δ4、δ4~360 °Wu Ge areas, i.e., 0, I, II, III, IV area.Measurement locus of impedance passes through five areas, i.e. and 0 → I → II →
III → IV, or IV → III → II → I → 0, and in each area's sufficient dwell time, then protection is judged to occur vibration step-out.
The present invention is by the above method, and it can be in the static stability boundary δ of unit operation generator rotor angleJWith dynamic steady border δMMatch, both
As the border of unit step-out logic discrimination, pretreatment or step-out warning function before step-out can be provided again, and cancellation realizes that lens are special
Property Low ESR garden differentiate, simplify adaptive setting and operation amount of calculation.The corresponding generator rotor angle δ of partition boundaries and unit of impedance plane
The method of operation is unrelated so that under the identical asynchronous oscillation cycle, in same subregion, the cunning more time for having determination, can be accurately
Generator rotor angle δ is reacted from δN→δJ→δM→ change procedure there is provided the chance for running unit pull-in step state or step-out early warning.
And phase comparative discriminant is used, adaptive setting process had both been simplified, protection operation efficiency has been optimized again, simultaneously
There is provided good autgmentability for the arc boundary changed for increase detection generator rotor angle δ；Sin δ need only be givenX、cosδXValue, increases during operation
Plus two multiplication are calculated, and then realize logic discrimination.As needed, circular arc δXBorder can be in interval 0<δX<Arbitrarily set in 2 π
Fixed, unrestricted, these are difficult to by lens impedance circle logical combination.
The general principle and principal character and advantages of the present invention of the present invention has been shown and described above.The technology of the industry
Personnel are it should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the simply explanation described in above-described embodiment and specification is originally
The principle of invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, various changes and modifications of the present invention are possible, these changes
Change and improvement all fall within the protetion scope of the claimed invention.The claimed scope of the invention by appended claims and its
Equivalent thereof.
Claims (7)
1. with many circular arc phase comparison expression out-of-step protection methods of string, it is characterised in that its method and step is as follows：
(1) the measurement impedance with many circular arc losss of synchronism protection of string is calculated；The calculating of impedance value is measured using measurement generator end in real time
Voltage and current, measurement impedance value is then calculated according to the voltage and current that measures in real time；
(2) measurement impedance variations track is formulated；According to the measurement impedance value of Continuous plus, measurement impedance is drawn in impedance plane
Variation track,
(3) according to measurement impedance impedance plane variation track, differentiate generating set whether step-out；According to measurement impedance in resistance
The variation track Characteristics Detection unit side potential of anti-plane differentiates generator to the generator rotor angle δ of system equivalent potential change procedure
Group whether step-out；The method of discrimination is as follows：
Impedance plane is divided into 0 by (3a) by generator rotor angle δ changes0~δ1、δ1~δ2、δ2~δ3、δ3~δ4、δ4~3600Five areas, i.e., 0,
I, II, III, IV area, wherein, 00<δ1<δ2<δ3<δ4<3600；
(3b) judges the circular arc border in above-mentioned five areas and the border of reactance line by using phase-comparison method, detects current work(
The corresponding measurement impedance value Z of angle δCLocation；And differentiate measurement impedance ZCHistorical track and the residence time in each area are passed through, really
Determine whether generating set enters desynchronizing state；
Above-mentioned measurement impedance value ZCThe historical track in each area is passed through, if the historical track sequentially sequentially passes through five areas,
Then it is judged as that vibration step-out occurs for generating set；
If when when above-mentioned historical track is sequentially sufficient successively through 0, I, II, III, IV area, being judged as generator step-out,
And record once sliding pole；
If track of the measurement impedance on impedance plane passes through IV, III, II, I, 0th area when sequentially sufficient successively, judge
For motor step-out, and record and once slide pole；
(3c) is under above-mentioned generator step-out or motor step loss condition, if measurement locus of impedance is more than in each area's residence time
During the time that protection seting gives, then protection is judged as measurement impedance value ZCSucceed through the area；Conversely, being then judged as measurement resistance
Anti- value ZCThe area is passed through not successfully；
(3d) judges the oscillation center position that generating set vibrates；When track of the measurement impedance on impedance plane is located at electricity
Below anti-line, then it is assumed that oscillation center is in generating set；When track of the measurement impedance on impedance plane be located at reactance line with
On, then it is assumed that oscillation center is in system side；
(4) vibration step-out is occurred according to generating set and sends protection act；When vibration step-out occurs for generating set, impedance is measured
Track on impedance plane is per through once, count is incremented for generator step-out or motor step-out cunning pole, by adjusting cunning district by district
Pole number of times, which is realized, sends protection signal, while there is provided preprocessing function before step-out or step-out early warning.
2. many circular arc phase comparison expression out-of-step protection methods of same string according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step
(4) in, if oscillation center occurs in generating set or system side, count is incremented or electronic for the acceleration cunning pole of generator step-out
Pole is slided in the deceleration of machine step-out, and count is incremented.
3. many circular arc phase comparison expression out-of-step protection methods of same string according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described step
Suddenly in (3b), the circular arc border in above-mentioned five areas and the border of reactance line are judged by using phase-comparison method, it judges such as
Under：First according to comparison method judge two correspondence boundary vectors between phase difference relation, utilize two correspondence boundary vectors between phase
Difference judges arc operation Boundary Recognition in [α, β] interval differentiation relation, realization, wherein, 0<α<β.
4. many circular arc phase comparison expression out-of-step protection methods of same string according to claim 3, it is characterised in that judge two
Phase difference relation is as follows between correspondence boundary vector：
If assuming the corresponding vector Z of Liang Ge corresponding sides circle1=a+jb, Z2=c+jd, a, b, c, d are real number, Z1、Z2Between two vectors
Phase difference θ1、2In [α, β] (α<β) interval relation is：
Order
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imag(Ze-jα)=(bc-ad) cos α-(ac+bd) sin α；
Wherein, imag ()-expression takes imaginary part
To α≤θ 1,2≤ β is set up：
When 0<β-α<During π, α≤θ1,2≤ β=(α≤θ1,2≤α+π)&&(β-π≤θ1,2≤β),
Draw, whenWhen, α≤θ1,2≤ β is set up；
When meeting (bc-ad) cos α-(ac+bd) sin α >=0＆＆ (ac+bd) sin β-(bc-ad) cos β >=0, α≤θ1,2≤β
Set up；
Work as π<β-α<During 2 π, α≤θ1,2≤ β=(α≤θ1,2≤α+π)||(β-π≤θ1,2≤β),
Draw, whenWhen, α≤θ1,2≤ β is set up；
Meet (bc-ad) cos α-(ac+bd) sin α >=0 | | during (ac+bd) sin β-(bc-ad) cos β >=0,
α≤θ1,2≤ β is set up.
5. many circular arc phase comparison expression out-of-step protection methods of same string according to claim 3, it is characterised in that above-mentioned judgement
Arc operation Boundary Recognition is according to as follows：
Arc angle δ1, 0<δ1<π, δ1~δ2Between border criterion be：
((bc-ad)cosδ1-(ac+bd)sinδ1>=0) | | when (ad-bc >=0), δ1≤δ≤2π；
Arc angle δ2, 0<δ2<π, δ2~δ3Between border criterion be：
((bc-ad)cosδ2-(ac+bd)sinδ2>=0) | | when (ad-bc >=0), δ2≤δ≤2π；
Arc angle δ3, π<δ3<2 π, δ3~δ4Between border criterion be：
((bc-ad)cosδ3-(ac+bd)sinδ3>=0) ＆＆ (ad-bc >=0) when, δ3≤δ≤2π；
Arc angle δ4, π<δ4<2 π, δ4Border criterion is between~2 π：
((bc-ad)cosδ4-(ac+bd)sinδ4>=0) ＆＆ (ad-bc >=0) when, δ4≤δ≤2π；
Wherein, Z1=ZB-ZC=a+jb, Z2=ZA-ZC=c+jd；ZAFor measurement point to system side equivalent impedance；ZBArrived for measurement point
Unit side equivalent impedance；ZCFor measurement impedance value；δ is generator rotor angle of the unit side potential to system equivalent potential；A, b, c, d are real
Number.
6. many circular arc phase comparison expression out-of-step protection methods of same string according to claim 3, it is characterised in that above-mentioned reactance
Line ZTBorder criterion is as follows：
When meeting mh+nk >=0, this represents that oscillation center enters side of generating set, wherein, ZT=h+jk,
Z1=ZT-ZC=m+jn, h, k, m, n are respectively real number, ZTTo determine the impedance value of reactance line characteristic.
7. many circular arc phase comparison expression out-of-step protection methods of same string according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the same to string
Many circular arc phase comparison expression out-of-step protection method concrete methods of realizing are as follows：
(1) generating set anode-cathode voltage U and electric current I is measured；
(2) real number a, b, c, d, m, n, h, k value are calculated；
(3) ad-bc >=0 is judged, if so, then measurement impedance value ZcIt is currently located at II, III, IV area：
Circular arc δ3(π<δ3<2 π), border criterion is：
N=2+int ((bc-ad) cos δ3-(ac+bd)sinδ3≥0)+int((bc-ad)cosδ4-(ac+bd)sinδ4≥0)
If it is not, then measuring impedance value ZcIt is currently located at 0, I, II area：
N=int ((bc-ad) cos δ1-(ac+bd)sinδ1≥0)+int((bc-ad)cosδ2-(ac+bd)sinδ2≥0)；
Wherein, int ()-expression round numbers, the current area code of N-expression；
(4) judge whether current generator group occurs loss of excitation；If it is not, then enter step (5), otherwise,
Since step (1) again calculate；
(5) judge to measure whether track of the impedance on impedance plane passes through region and region residence time, judge to survey
Track of the impedance on impedance plane is measured whether from I areas to II areas or III areas to II areas, if the region is successfully passed through, and at this
The region residence time, which is more than, adjusts the setting time, then sends step-out early warning；And enter step (6)；
(6) judge to measure whether track of the impedance on impedance plane is located at below reactance line boundary, that is, judge whether to meet mh
During+nk >=0, and whether track of the measurement impedance on impedance plane is more than the setting time in the II areas residence time；If so, then surveying
Measuring track of the impedance on impedance plane is located at below reactance line boundary, and the asynchronous oscillation of generating set is centrally located at unit
Interior, otherwise, the asynchronous oscillation of generating set is centrally located at system side,
(7) if the asynchronous oscillation of generating set is centrally located in unit, and measurement impedance it is sufficient successively when pass through (0 → I → II
→ III → IV) five areas, then the acceleration of step-out logic slides pole count is incremented in unit, or measurement impedance it is sufficient successively when pass through (IV
Five areas of → III → II → I → 0), then the deceleration of step-out logic slides pole count is incremented in unit；Judge that step-out slides pole meter in unit
Whether numerical value is more than or equal to setting valve, is signaled if being more than or equal to loss of synchronism protection action in setting valve, unit；Otherwise,
Since step (1) again calculate；
(8) if the asynchronous oscillation of generating set is centrally located at system side, and measurement impedance it is sufficient successively when pass through (0 → I → II
→ III → IV) five areas, then the acceleration of system side step-out logic slides pole count is incremented, or measurement impedance it is sufficient successively when pass through (IV
Five areas of → III → II → I → 0), the then deceleration of system side step-out logic slides pole count is incremented；Judge that system side step-out slides pole meter
Whether numerical value is more than or equal to setting valve, if more than or equal to setting valve, system side loss of synchronism protection action is signaled；Otherwise,
Since step (1) again calculate.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5731943A (en) * | 1996-01-04 | 1998-03-24 | Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. | Protective relay having out-of-step logic capability |
| CN101963643A (en) * | 2009-07-22 | 2011-02-02 | 南京南瑞继保电气有限公司 | Method for judging out-of-step oscillation of power system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5731943A (en) * | 1996-01-04 | 1998-03-24 | Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. | Protective relay having out-of-step logic capability |
| CN101963643A (en) * | 2009-07-22 | 2011-02-02 | 南京南瑞继保电气有限公司 | Method for judging out-of-step oscillation of power system |
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