CN104409750A - Fuel-cell tail gas circulation system - Google Patents
Fuel-cell tail gas circulation system Download PDFInfo
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- CN104409750A CN104409750A CN201410587633.7A CN201410587633A CN104409750A CN 104409750 A CN104409750 A CN 104409750A CN 201410587633 A CN201410587633 A CN 201410587633A CN 104409750 A CN104409750 A CN 104409750A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
- H01M8/04074—Heat exchange unit structures specially adapted for fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04044—Purification of heat exchange media
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04059—Evaporative processes for the cooling of a fuel cell
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a fuel-cell tail gas circulation system. According to the system, an oxidant gas tank is connected with a cathode of a fuel cell stack and oxygen or air is introduced, a hydrogen storage tank is connected with an anode of the fuel cell stack and hydrogen is introduced, and the system comprises a first heat exchanger, a first heat sink, a first gas-water separator and a first circulating pump which are arranged at the cathode side, and a second heat exchanger, a second heat sink, a second gas-water separator and a second circulating pump which are arranged at the anode side. The fuel-cell tail gas circulation system is capable of satisfying both self-humidifying and self-heating demands of a fuel cell reaction gas, in other words, the fuel-cell tail gas circulation system realizes optimization management on temperature and humidity of inlet gases of the cathode and the anode through recovery utilization of heat and water in the tail gas, helps to reform the outer humidifying and outer heating design of a conventional hydrogen-air fuel cell, keeps a foothold on popularization and application of fuel cells, and realizes most simplified design of fuel cells.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to new forms of energy and fuel cell field, refer to a kind of fuel cell tail gas circulatory system especially.
Background technology
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells be a kind of by electrochemical reaction directly by generation technology that is efficient for chemical energy, that be converted into environmental protection electric energy, have start fast, noise is low, infrared signature is little, discharge the advantages such as pollution-free, is one of Main Trends of The Development of current new energy field.
Fuel cell power generation process, proton is transferred to negative electrode with hydration pattern from anode, and the gas flow simultaneously for preventing negative electrode excessive causes the loss of pile internal water, needs anode and cathode reaction gas to entering pile to carry out humidification.
Conventional hydrogen-air fuel cell often adopts outer air-humidification method, and the water entering battery because of humidification requires to enter in a gaseous form, and therefore the outer humidification of fuel cell must carry out with external heat simultaneously.Cause the shortcomings such as the complex structure of outer humidification system, volume are large, control is difficult, power consumption is high thus, hinder hydrogen-air fuel cell by the transition of laboratory's technology to the products application stage.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the object of the invention is to propose a kind of can meet simultaneously fuel cell reaction gas from humidification, from heating requirements, and the simple fuel cell tail gas circulatory system efficiently.
Based on above-mentioned purpose a kind of fuel cell tail gas circulatory system provided by the invention, oxidant gas tank is connected with the negative electrode of fuel cell pile and passes into oxidant gas, hydrogen container is connected with the anode of fuel cell pile and passes into hydrogen, comprising: be arranged on the first heat exchanger of cathode side, the first radiator, the first gas/separator, the first circulating pump; And be arranged on the second heat exchanger, the second radiator, the second gas/separator, second circulating pump of anode-side;
At cathode side, the negative electrode tail end gas of fuel cell pile exports with described oxidant gas tank successively after described first heat exchanger, the first radiator, the first gas/separator, the first circulating pump and oxidant gas through described first heat exchanger converges, and the gas after converging enters the cathode inlet end of fuel cell pile;
In anode-side, the anode tail end gas of fuel cell pile exports with described hydrogen container successively after described second heat exchanger, the second radiator, the second gas/separator, the second circulating pump and hydrogen through described second heat exchanger converges, and the gas after converging enters the anode inlet end of fuel cell pile.
Optionally, described oxidant gas is oxygen or air; When described oxidant gas is air, described first circulating pump is water pump; Described first gas/separator comprise one for discharge all gas after gas/water is separated exhaust end, one for discharge excessive generation water discharge ends, one generate water with the Water Sproading end of humidifying fuel cell pile inlet air for recovery section; Described exhaust end is also provided with the counterbalance valve for regulating exhaust emissions pressure and flow.
Preferably, described first radiator and the second radiator are connected with temperature sensor and fan respectively, for the gas temperature in regulating loop.
Preferably, the inside of described first gas/separator and the second gas/separator is provided with water-level gauge and electromagnetically operated valve, when the water yield in described first gas/separator and/or the second gas/separator reaches default liquid level, trigger described water-level gauge, discharge aqueous water opened by described electromagnetically operated valve.
Preferably, when described oxidant gas is air, described first gas/separator inside is provided with water-level gauge, first time water-level gauge and second time water-level gauge; When liquid level arrives described upper water-level gauge, discharge liquid water excess opened by electromagnetically operated valve; When liquid level is lower than described first time water-level gauge, described closed electromagnetic valve; Only have when liquid level is lower than described second time water-level gauge, described water pump quits work.
Preferably, on the pipeline of the cathode inlet end of fuel cell pile, be provided with the first temperature/hygrometer for showing oxygen temperature/humidity; The the second temperature/hygrometer for showing hydrogen temperature/humidity is provided with on the pipeline of the anode inlet end of fuel cell pile.
Preferably, also comprise Closed Loop Control Unit, by gathering the temperature/humidity parameter of gas in the temperature/humidity parameter of fuel cell pile, described exhaust gas circulation system loop, control the operating state of described first heat exchanger, the first radiator, the first gas/separator, the first circulating pump, the second heat exchanger, the second radiator, the second gas/separator, the second circulating pump further.
As can be seen from above, fuel cell tail gas circulatory system tool provided by the invention has the following advantages:
(1) self heating function is realized by heat exchanger, and compared with the external heat structure of existing fuel cell, volume is little, zero power consumption, is easy to the popularization at new energy field.
(2) being realized by radiator from heat rejection function, by controlling, with the fan of temperature sensor joint control, to realize the adjustment of gas temperature in loop, and then controlling the temperature of pile porch reacting gas.
(3) realized in conjunction with gas/separator by circulating pump (or other negative pressure generator) from humidification function, compared with the outer humidifying structure of existing fuel cell, structure is simple, volume is little, cost is low, be easy to batch productizations popularization.
(4) be made up of radiator, gas/separator, water-level gauge, electromagnetically operated valve etc. from discharge structure, compared with often opening drainage pattern with existing back pressure type, not only outer humidifying structure is changed into and reclaim tail gas water from humidifying mode, and effectively improve the utilance of fuel, reduce fuel cell power generation cost.
(5) by Closed Loop Control Unit, closed-loop control is carried out to each funtion part, realize the optimal management to fuel cell pile temperature/humidity.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is fuel cell tail gas circulatory system embodiment 1 schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is fuel cell tail gas circulatory system embodiment 2 schematic diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
For making the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearly understand, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, and with reference to accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in more detail.
With reference to figure 1, it is fuel cell tail gas circulatory system embodiment 1 schematic diagram of the present invention
Embodiments of the invention 1 provide a kind of fuel cell tail gas circulatory system, oxidant gas tank 1 is connected with the negative electrode of fuel cell pile 3 and passes into oxidant gas, hydrogen container 2 is connected with the anode of fuel cell pile 3 and passes into hydrogen, comprising: the first heat exchanger 4, first radiator 5, the first gas/separator 6, first circulating pump 7 that are arranged on cathode side; And be arranged on the second heat exchanger 4 ', the second radiator 5 ', the second gas/separator 6 ', second circulating pump 7 ' of anode-side;
At cathode side, the negative electrode tail end gas of fuel cell pile 37 to export with described oxidant gas tank 1 and oxidant gas through described first heat exchanger 4 converges successively after described first heat exchanger 4, first radiator 5, the first gas/separator 6, first circulating pump, and the gas after converging enters the cathode inlet end of fuel cell pile 3;
In anode-side, the anode tail end gas of fuel cell pile 3 exports with described hydrogen container successively after described second heat exchanger 4 ', the second radiator 5 ', the second gas/separator 6 ', the second circulating pump 7 ' and hydrogen through described second heat exchanger 4 ' converges, and the gas after converging enters the anode inlet end of fuel cell pile 3.
In embodiment 1, oxidant gas is oxygen, and namely described fuel cell is hydrogen oxygen fuel cell.For the exhaust gas circulation system of the present embodiment, cathode side is for the oxygen that circulates, and anode-side is used for circulating hydrogen; Structurally, it is symmetrical that the structure of cathode side and anode-side forms, and only illustrates with cathode side structure below, and each device namely in cathode side structure described below, be also provided with accordingly, and working method is identical in anode-side.
In heating part, first heat exchanger 4 has two-way gas piping, the negative electrode tail end of connecting fuel battery pile 3 and the port of export of oxidant gas tank 1 (can also be other oxidant supply equipment) respectively, namely the cathode exhaust gas reacted in fuel cell pile 3 and the oxygen carrying out reacting for entering fuel cell pile 3 all can through the first heat exchangers 4, and there is exchange heat (without mass exchange) wherein, heat in cathode exhaust gas is used for heating oxygen, by the recycle and reuse of heat in tail gas, realize the effect from heating.
Complete after heating, cathode exhaust gas will leave the first heat exchanger 4 and enter the first radiator 5 along pipeline, and dispel the heat, and realize the effect from heat extraction.As preferably, first radiator 5 is also connected with temperature sensor (not shown) and fan (not shown), temperature sensor monitors is through the temperature of the cathode exhaust gas of the first radiator 5 inside, according to the value of feedback of other devices in preset value or described exhaust gas circulation system, carry out temperature control in conjunction with fan target tail gas; Meanwhile, in subsequent process, the oxygen exported with oxidant gas tank 1 also converges and enters fuel cell pile 3 by cathode exhaust gas, then regulated by the temperature of the first radiator 5, can regulate and control to enter the temperature of the oxygen of fuel cell pile 3 further; In addition, because containing oversaturated water vapour in the tail gas of outflow fuel cell pile 3, the object controlling absolute water content and absolute humidity in tail gas will be reached by the first radiator 5 control temperature simultaneously.
Cathode exhaust gas leaves the first radiator 5 will enter the first gas/separator 6 along pipeline.Generally comprise the complete oxygen of unreacted and steam in cathode exhaust gas, the first gas/separator 6 target tail gas carries out gas/water and is separated, and is separated into the oxygen with certain steam and aqueous water.As preferably, the first gas/separator 6 inside is provided with water-level gauge 8 and electromagnetically operated valve 9.After gas/water is separated, unnecessary aqueous water will be stored in the first gas/separator 6, when the aqueous water stored is too much, when reaching default liquid level, water-level gauge 8 will be triggered, open with the electromagnetically operated valve 9 of water-level gauge 8 joint control, discharge aqueous water, realize self-draining effect.
In humidification part, after first circulating pump, the oxygen with certain steam (cathode exhaust gas) in the first gas/separator 6 after being separated is extracted out by 7, and along Pipeline transport, and to export with oxidant gas tank 1 and oxygen through the first heat exchanger 4 converges, due to the existence of steam after converging, reach humidifying effect, above-mentioned steam comes from cathode exhaust gas, namely realizes the object from humidification.As preferably, on the pipeline near cathode exhaust gas and oxygen meet, be provided with unidirectional valve 10, for preventing gas backstreaming.Meanwhile, on the pipeline of the cathode inlet end of fuel cell pile 3, be provided with the first temperature/hygrometer 11 for showing oxygen temperature/humidity; The the second temperature/hygrometer 11 ' for showing hydrogen temperature/humidity is provided with on the pipeline of the anode inlet end of fuel cell pile 3.
In the present embodiment, the described fuel cell tail gas circulatory system also comprises Closed Loop Control Unit, by gathering the temperature/humidity parameter of gas in the temperature/humidity parameter of fuel cell pile 3, described exhaust gas circulation system loop, control the operating state of each device in exhaust gas circulation system further.Concrete comprises:
Closed-loop control is formed between first gas/separator 6, first circulating pump 7, fuel cell pile 3, according to the humidity parameter of fuel cell pile 3 inside collected, on the low side or higher judgement is made to the humidity of fuel cell pile 3 inside, and feeds back to the first gas/separator 6 and the first circulating pump 7.
Closed-loop control is formed between first gas/separator 6 and the first radiator 5, according to the humidity parameter of gas in the exhaust gas circulation system loop collected, regulate and control the temperature of the first radiator 5, the frequency of electromagnetically operated valve 9 opening water discharge and time, realize the optimal management of fuel cell pile 3 humidity.
Form closed-loop control between first heat exchanger 4, the first gas/separator 6, regulated the content of water in the first gas/separator 6 by the temperature value changing the first heat exchanger 4.
Inner at fuel cell pile 3, water, the heat balance adjustment structure of gas flow are completed by temperature controller, electromagnetically operated valve, by regulating the temperature controller of condenser, temperature, the humidity of adjustable fuel cell inlet place gas; Closed type structure selected by electromagnetically operated valve, and the discharge frequency of the corresponding fuel battery inside water of open frequency of electromagnetically operated valve, realizes inside battery gas flow water, thermally equilibrated management thus.
The adjustment of fuel cell pile 3 internal thermal equilibrium is also completed by pile radiating module, and pile radiating module serves as heat eliminating medium with the liquid of low conductivity, high specific heat capacity usually, carries out heat exchange by the radiator of high-specific surface area and environment.
With reference to figure 2, it is fuel cell tail gas circulatory system embodiment 2 schematic diagram of the present invention.
In embodiment 2, oxidant gas is air, and namely described fuel cell is hydrogen-air fuel cell.
For the exhaust gas circulation system of the present embodiment, cathode side is used for circulating air and reclaims pile generating water to add wet reaction air, and anode-side reclaims pile generation water for circulating hydrogen simultaneously and reacts hydrogen with humidification; The structure composition of anode-side is identical with the structure of the anode-side in embodiment 1, and cathode side structure exists different, then following only target side structure illustrates.
In embodiment 2, owing to answering the reduction of oxygen concentration in tail gas, so cathode side structure has difference compared to embodiment 1, concrete, the first circulating pump 7 is water pump; First gas/separator 6 comprises an exhaust end (being positioned at upper end), a discharge ends electromagnetically operated valve (being positioned at lower end), a Water Sproading end (being positioned at lower end), is respectively used to discharge the excessive generation water of all gas after gas/water is separated, draining, reclaims humidification water; This exhaust end is also provided with the counterbalance valve for regulating exhaust emissions pressure and flow.
As preferably, the first gas/separator 6 inside is provided with water-level gauge 13, first time water-level gauge 14, second time water-level gauge 15 and electromagnetically operated valve (not shown), and second time water-level gauge 15 is wherein positioned at the below of first time water-level gauge 14.In the present embodiment, the air that the aqueous water stored after being separated by cathode exhaust gas by the first gas/separator 6 and oxidant gas tank 1 are exported converges, and realizes humidifying effect by aqueous water recycle and reuse isolated in cathode exhaust gas.Upper water-level gauge 13 starts for triggered discharge work, and first time water-level gauge 14 is for triggered discharge end-of-job.Concrete, when the liquid level in the first gas/separator 6 arrives upper water-level gauge 13, electromagnetically operated valve is opened, and discharges excessive generation water; The water content of Closed Loop Control Unit fuel cell pile 3 cathode side inlet air, regulates water pump 7, reclaims air that aqueous water in the first gas/separator 6 and oxidant gas tank 1 export and converges and enter in the arrival end pipeline of fuel cell pile 3; When the liquid level in the first gas/separator 6 is lower than first time water-level gauge 14, closed electromagnetic valve, stops draining; When the liquid level in the first gas/separator 6 is lower than second time water-level gauge 15, switch off the pump 7, terminate humidification work, avoid air tail gas suction water pump simultaneously and enter fuel cell pile 3.
For other parts in embodiment 2, all identical with the appropriate section in embodiment 1, therefore no longer repeat specification in the present embodiment.
Those of ordinary skill in the field are to be understood that: the foregoing is only specific embodiments of the invention; be not limited to the present invention; within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment made, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a fuel cell tail gas circulatory system, oxidant gas tank is connected with the negative electrode of fuel cell pile and passes into oxidant gas, hydrogen container is connected with the anode of fuel cell pile and passes into hydrogen, it is characterized in that, comprising: be arranged on the first heat exchanger of cathode side, the first radiator, the first gas/separator, the first circulating pump; And be arranged on the second heat exchanger, the second radiator, the second gas/separator, second circulating pump of anode-side;
At cathode side, the negative electrode tail end gas of fuel cell pile exports with described oxidant gas tank successively after described first heat exchanger, the first radiator, the first gas/separator, the first circulating pump and oxidant gas through described first heat exchanger converges, and the gas after converging enters the cathode inlet end of fuel cell pile;
In anode-side, the anode tail end gas of fuel cell pile exports with described hydrogen container successively after described second heat exchanger, the second radiator, the second gas/separator, the second circulating pump and hydrogen through described second heat exchanger converges, and the gas after converging enters the anode inlet end of fuel cell pile.
2. the fuel cell tail gas circulatory system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described oxidant gas is oxygen or air; When described oxidant gas is air, described first circulating pump is water pump; Described first gas/separator comprise one for discharge all gas after gas/water is separated exhaust end, one for discharge excessive generation water discharge ends, one generate water with the Water Sproading end of humidifying fuel cell pile inlet air for recovery section; Described exhaust end is also provided with the counterbalance valve for regulating exhaust emissions pressure and flow.
3. the fuel cell tail gas circulatory system according to claim 1 or 2 any one, is characterized in that, described first radiator and the second radiator are connected with temperature sensor and fan respectively, for the gas temperature in regulating loop.
4. the fuel cell tail gas circulatory system according to claim 1 or 2 any one, it is characterized in that, the inside of described first gas/separator and the second gas/separator is provided with water-level gauge and electromagnetically operated valve, when the water yield in described first gas/separator and/or the second gas/separator reaches default liquid level, trigger described water-level gauge, discharge aqueous water opened by described electromagnetically operated valve.
5. the fuel cell tail gas circulatory system according to claim 4, is characterized in that, when described oxidant gas is air, described first gas/separator inside is provided with water-level gauge, first time water-level gauge and second time water-level gauge; When liquid level arrives described upper water-level gauge, discharge liquid water excess opened by electromagnetically operated valve; When liquid level is lower than described first time water-level gauge, described closed electromagnetic valve; Only have when liquid level is lower than described second time water-level gauge, described water pump quits work.
6. the fuel cell tail gas circulatory system according to claim 1 or 2 any one, is characterized in that, is provided with the first temperature/hygrometer for showing oxygen or Air Temperature/humidity on the pipeline of the cathode inlet end of fuel cell pile; The the second temperature/hygrometer for showing hydrogen temperature/humidity is provided with on the pipeline of the anode inlet end of fuel cell pile.
7. the fuel cell tail gas circulatory system according to claim 1 or 2 any one, it is characterized in that, also comprise Closed Loop Control Unit, by gathering the temperature/humidity parameter of gas in the temperature/humidity parameter of fuel cell pile, described exhaust gas circulation system loop, control the operating state of described first heat exchanger, the first radiator, the first gas/separator, the first circulating pump, the second heat exchanger, the second radiator, the second gas/separator, the second circulating pump further.
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| CN201410587633.7A CN104409750B (en) | 2014-10-28 | 2014-10-28 | A kind of fuel cell tail gas blood circulation |
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| CN201410587633.7A CN104409750B (en) | 2014-10-28 | 2014-10-28 | A kind of fuel cell tail gas blood circulation |
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| CN104409750B CN104409750B (en) | 2016-10-05 |
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Effective date of registration: 20200914 Address after: 102600 No.17 yard, Yongchang South Road, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone, Daxing District, Beijing Patentee after: BEIJING LONG MARCH TIANMIN HI-TECH Co.,Ltd. Address before: 4003, room 2, building 17, South Yongchang Road, Beijing economic and Technological Development Zone, Beijing, Daxing District 100076, China Patentee before: AEROSPACE NEW LONG MARCH ELECTRIC VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. |