CN104408267A - Finite element modeling method for special-shaped spatial structure - Google Patents
Finite element modeling method for special-shaped spatial structure Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于土木工程设计行业中的结构模型数据转换技术领域，具体涉及一种快速的空间异形结构有限元建模方法；主要应用土木工程设计中的各种图形设计到有限元结构数据转化，特别适用于大型异形结构设计建模计算，包括了桥梁工程和公共建筑工程。The invention belongs to the technical field of structural model data conversion in the civil engineering design industry, and specifically relates to a fast finite element modeling method for space-shaped structures; it mainly applies various graphic designs in civil engineering design to finite element structural data conversion, especially It is suitable for large-scale special-shaped structure design modeling calculation, including bridge engineering and public building engineering.
背景技术Background technique
设计图形数据转化为技术在土建结构设计中应用广泛，它的主要功能是将计算机的图形转化为可用于计算的有限元数据模型。但是目前的模型数据转化技术大多数信息不全、效率较低，对于大型的工程绘图数据管理存在困难。Design graphic data conversion technology is widely used in civil structure design, and its main function is to convert computer graphics into finite element data models that can be used for calculation. However, most of the current model data conversion technologies have incomplete information and low efficiency, and it is difficult to manage large-scale engineering drawing data.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了解决上述的技术问题，本发明提供了一种空间异形结构有限元建模方法。In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a finite element modeling method for space special-shaped structures.
本发明所采用的技术方案是：一种空间异形结构有限元建模方法，所述的有限元模型内包含有节点、单元、荷载、边界条件，其中单元分为线单元、面单元和实体单元；其特征在于：在CAD软件中通过拾取空间几何模型，结合图形构件管理办法使用有限元图形读入办法，快速的输出有限元计算模型的前处理数据，根据空间自由曲面批量指定杆件截面转角，快速创建有限元分析模型。The technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a finite element modeling method for space-shaped structures, the finite element model includes nodes, elements, loads, and boundary conditions, wherein the elements are divided into line elements, surface elements and solid elements ; It is characterized in that: by picking up the spatial geometric model in the CAD software, combined with the graphical component management method, using the finite element graphic reading method, the pre-processing data of the finite element calculation model can be quickly output, and the section rotation angle of the bar can be specified in batches according to the free-form surface in space , quickly create finite element analysis models.
作为优选，所述的图形构件管理办法包括以下步骤：As preferably, the described graphic component management method comprises the following steps:
步骤A1：结构图层数据组织；结构图层主要是为了区分土建设计中结构专业的工作图层，该图层下建立两级子图层，第一级子图层为结构功能，用于区分结构功能或者区域；第二级子图层用于存储结构构件模型信息；Step A1: Structure layer data organization; the structure layer is mainly to distinguish the structural professional working layer in the civil engineering design. Two levels of sub-layers are established under this layer. The first-level sub-layer is the structure function, which is used to distinguish Structural function or area; the second-level sublayer is used to store structural member model information;
步骤A2：图层命名；图层的名称主要包含了功能性名称、构件类型名称、构件结构信息编号和信息分割符号，组合命名格式为“中文名-单元类别-材料编号-截面编号”，其中“中文名、单元类别、材料编号和截面编号”为有限元特定关键字，“-”为特定的分隔符。Step A2: Name the layer; the name of the layer mainly includes the functional name, component type name, component structure information number and information segmentation symbol, and the combined naming format is "Chinese name-unit category-material number-section number", where "Chinese name, unit category, material number and section number" are finite element specific keywords, and "-" is a specific separator.
作为优选，所述的有限元图形读入办法包括以下步骤：As preferably, described finite element graph read-in method comprises the following steps:
步骤B1：启用文件书写；Step B1: enable file writing;
步骤B2：选取导出物体；Step B2: Select the export object;
步骤B3：依次选取单个物体循环处理，并判断几何类型：Step B3: Select a single object for loop processing, and determine the geometry type:
若是曲线，则继续判断是否是直线？若是直线，则书写杆件模块、提取几何信息、提取图层结构信息和书写杆单元命令流；若不是直接，则报错记录书写；If it is a curve, continue to judge whether it is a straight line? If it is a straight line, write the member module, extract the geometric information, extract the layer structure information and write the command flow of the bar unit; if it is not direct, write an error record;
若是曲面，则继续判断是否是低阶曲面？若是低阶曲面，则书写四点不共面的面的翘曲面单元、提取几何信息、提取图层结构信息、书写面单元命令流；若不是低阶曲面，则报错记录书写；If it is a surface, continue to judge whether it is a low-order surface? If it is a low-order surface, write the warped surface unit of the four-point non-coplanar surface, extract the geometric information, extract the layer structure information, and write the command flow of the surface unit; if it is not a low-order surface, write an error record;
若是网格，则书写四点共面的平面面单元、提取几何信息、提取图层结构信息和书写面单元命令流；If it is a grid, write the four-point coplanar plane unit, extract the geometric information, extract the layer structure information and write the command flow of the plane unit;
若是点，则书写荷载以及边界条件；If it is a point, write the load and boundary conditions;
否则，报错记录书写；Otherwise, write an error record;
步骤B4：循环结束；Step B4: the loop ends;
步骤B5：结束书写文件；Step B5: end writing the document;
步骤B6：打印错误报告。Step B6: Print the error report.
作为优选，所述的空间自由曲面，是基于NURBS的空间任意曲面，曲面的任意点位置均可计算曲面法相方向。Preferably, the free curved surface in space is an arbitrary curved surface in space based on NURBS, and the normal phase direction of the curved surface can be calculated at any point on the curved surface.
作为优选，所述的根据空间自由曲面批量指定杆件截面转角，其具体实现包括以下步骤：As a preference, the batch designation of the bar section rotation angle according to the space free-form surface, its specific implementation includes the following steps:
步骤C1：获取杆件线；获取对应的起点、终点和中点；Step C1: Obtain the member line; obtain the corresponding starting point, end point and midpoint;
对于获取的起点和终点，判断其连线是否其垂直于世界坐标轴XY平面：若是，则2轴方向为y轴，3轴方向为x轴；若否，则2轴方向为1轴叉乘z轴，3轴方向为2轴叉乘1轴；然后分别获取1轴、2轴、3轴的角度计算面；其中，在有限元模型当中，1轴、2轴、3轴是单元的局部坐标轴，对于杆单元：1轴是杆单元的起点指向终点的方向，2轴是1轴于世界坐标轴Z轴向量叉积，3轴是1轴于2轴的叉积；For the obtained start point and end point, judge whether its connection line is perpendicular to the world coordinate axis XY plane: if yes, the direction of the 2-axis is the y-axis, and the direction of the 3-axis is the x-axis; if not, the direction of the 2-axis is the cross multiplication of the 1-axis Z-axis, 3-axis direction is 2-axis cross multiplied by 1-axis; then obtain the angle calculation surfaces of 1-axis, 2-axis, and 3-axis respectively; among them, in the finite element model, 1-axis, 2-axis, and 3-axis are local parts of the unit Coordinate axes, for the rod unit: the first axis is the direction from the starting point of the rod unit to the end point, the second axis is the cross product of the first axis and the Z axis of the world coordinate axis, and the third axis is the cross product of the first axis and the second axis;
对于获取的中点，取得曲面最近点，并获取最近点曲面法向；For the obtained midpoint, obtain the nearest point of the surface, and obtain the surface normal of the nearest point;
步骤C2：根据角度计算面和曲面法向计算面与法线方向的夹角；Step C2: Calculate the angle between the surface and the normal direction according to the angle calculation surface and the normal direction of the curved surface;
步骤C3：书写夹角记录。Step C3: Write the record of the included angle.
相对于现有技术，本发明的有益效果为：在CAD软件中通过拾取空间几何模型，结合图形构件管理办法使用有限元图形读入办法，快速的输出有限元计算模型的前处理数据，根据空间自由曲面批量指定杆件截面转角，快速创建异型有限元结构分析模型，模型精准可靠，为设计变更快速的提供结构验算模型，节省人力资源。Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is: in the CAD software, by picking up the spatial geometric model and using the finite element graphic reading method in combination with the graphic component management method, the pre-processing data of the finite element calculation model can be output quickly, and the The free-form surface can specify the cross-section angle of the bar in batches, and quickly create a special-shaped finite element structural analysis model. The model is accurate and reliable, and the structural checking model can be quickly provided for design changes, saving human resources.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1：本发明实施例的截面转角调整流程图；Fig. 1: the flow chart of section corner adjustment in the embodiment of the present invention;
图2：本发明实施例的线、面单元模型示意图；Fig. 2: schematic diagram of the line and surface unit model of the embodiment of the present invention;
图3：本发明实施例的线、面单元模型的有限元模型数据结构图；Fig. 3: the data structure diagram of the finite element model of the line, surface element model of the embodiment of the present invention;
图4：本发明实施例的线单元的模型示意图；Fig. 4: the schematic diagram of the model of the line unit of the embodiment of the present invention;
图5：本发明实施例的面单元的模型示意图；Fig. 5: the schematic diagram of the model of the surface unit of the embodiment of the present invention;
图6：本发明实施例的网格的模型示意图；Fig. 6: the schematic diagram of the model of the grid of the embodiment of the present invention;
图7：本发明实施例的空间几何体模型示意图；Fig. 7: Schematic diagram of the spatial geometry model of the embodiment of the present invention;
图8：本发明实施例的空间几何体模型的有限元模型数据结构图；Fig. 8: the finite element model data structure diagram of the spatial geometry model of the embodiment of the present invention;
图9：本发明实施例的曲面与杆件夹角模型示意图；Figure 9: Schematic diagram of the angle model between the curved surface and the bar in the embodiment of the present invention;
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了便于本领域普通技术人员理解和实施本发明，下面结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步的详细描述，应当理解，此处所描述的实施示例仅用于说明和解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。In order to facilitate those of ordinary skill in the art to understand and implement the present invention, the present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the implementation examples described here are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not intended to limit this invention.
本发明在计算机辅助制图软件(Computer Aided Design)中，使用操作者自己积累的图形构件管理办法、有限元数据读入程序方法能够快速创建有限元分析模型。该程序能够根据空间自由曲面批量指定杆件截面转角。In the computer aided drawing software (Computer Aided Design), the present invention can quickly create a finite element analysis model by using the graphics component management method accumulated by the operator and the finite element data reading program method. The program can batch specify the section rotation angle of members according to the space free-form surface.
本实施所采用的技术方案是：一种空间异形结构有限元建模方法，有限元模型内包含有节点、单元、荷载、边界条件，其中单元分为线单元、面单元和实体单元；在CAD软件中通过拾取空间几何模型，结合图形构件管理办法使用有限元图形读入办法，快速的输出有限元计算模型的前处理数据，根据空间自由曲面批量指定杆件截面转角，快速创建有限元分析模型。The technical solution adopted in this implementation is: a finite element modeling method for space-shaped structures. The finite element model contains nodes, elements, loads, and boundary conditions, and the elements are divided into line elements, surface elements and solid elements; in CAD In the software, the pre-processing data of the finite element calculation model can be quickly output by picking up the spatial geometric model, combined with the graphic component management method, and the finite element graphic reading method is used, and the finite element analysis model can be quickly created by batch specifying the section rotation angle of the bar according to the free surface of the space .
其中图形构件管理办法包括以下步骤：The graphic component management method includes the following steps:
步骤A1：结构图层数据组织；结构图层主要是为了区分土建设计中结构专业的工作图层，该图层下建立两级子图层，第一级子图层为结构功能，用于区分结构功能或者区域；第二级子图层用于存储结构构件模型信息；Step A1: Structure layer data organization; the structure layer is mainly to distinguish the structural professional working layer in the civil engineering design. Two levels of sub-layers are established under this layer. The first-level sub-layer is the structure function, which is used to distinguish Structural function or area; the second-level sublayer is used to store structural member model information;
步骤A2：图层命名；图层的名称主要包含了功能性名称、构件类型名称、构件结构信息编号和信息分割符号，组合命名格式为“中文名-单元类别-材料编号-截面编号”，其中“中文名、单元类别、材料编号和截面编号”为有限元特定关键字，“-”为特定的分隔符。Step A2: Name the layer; the name of the layer mainly includes the functional name, component type name, component structure information number and information segmentation symbol, and the combined naming format is "Chinese name-unit category-material number-section number", where "Chinese name, unit category, material number and section number" are finite element specific keywords, and "-" is a specific separator.
其中有限元图形读入办法包括以下步骤：The finite element graphics reading method includes the following steps:
步骤B1：启用文件书写；Step B1: enable file writing;
步骤B2：选取导出物体；Step B2: Select the export object;
步骤B3：依次选取单个物体循环处理，并判断几何类型：Step B3: Select a single object for loop processing, and determine the geometry type:
若是曲线，则继续判断是否是直线？若是直线，则书写杆件模块、提取几何信息、提取图层结构信息和书写杆单元命令流；若不是直接，则报错记录书写；If it is a curve, continue to judge whether it is a straight line? If it is a straight line, write the member module, extract the geometric information, extract the layer structure information and write the command flow of the bar unit; if it is not direct, write an error record;
若是曲面，则继续判断是否是低阶曲面？若是低阶曲面，则书写四点不共面的面的翘曲面单元、提取几何信息、提取图层结构信息、书写面单元命令流；若不是低阶曲面，则报错记录书写；If it is a surface, continue to judge whether it is a low-order surface? If it is a low-order surface, write the warped surface unit of the four-point non-coplanar surface, extract the geometric information, extract the layer structure information, and write the command flow of the surface unit; if it is not a low-order surface, write an error record;
若是网格，则书写四点共面的平面面单元、提取几何信息、提取图层结构信息和书写面单元命令流；If it is a grid, write the four-point coplanar plane unit, extract the geometric information, extract the layer structure information and write the command flow of the plane unit;
若是点，则书写荷载以及边界条件；If it is a point, write the load and boundary conditions;
否则，报错记录书写；Otherwise, write an error record;
步骤B4：循环结束；Step B4: the loop ends;
步骤B5：结束书写文件；Step B5: end writing the document;
步骤B6：打印错误报告。Step B6: Print the error report.
其中空间自由曲面，是基于NURBS的空间任意曲面，曲面的任意点位置均可计算曲面法相方向；请见图1，根据空间自由曲面批量指定杆件截面转角，其具体实现包括以下步骤：Among them, the space free-form surface is an arbitrary surface in space based on NURBS, and the normal phase direction of the surface can be calculated at any point on the surface; see Figure 1, according to the space free-form surface, the bar section rotation angle is specified in batches, and its specific implementation includes the following steps:
步骤C1：获取杆件线；获取对应的起点、终点和中点；Step C1: Obtain the member line; obtain the corresponding starting point, end point and midpoint;
对于获取的起点和终点，判断其连线是否其垂直于世界坐标轴XY平面：若是，则2轴方向为y轴，3轴方向为x轴；若否，则2轴方向为1轴叉乘z轴，3轴方向为2轴叉乘1轴；然后分别获取1轴、2轴、3轴的角度计算面；其中，在有限元模型当中，1轴、2轴、3轴是单元的局部坐标轴，对于杆单元：1轴是杆单元的起点指向终点的方向，2轴是1轴于世界坐标轴Z轴向量叉积，3轴是1轴于2轴的叉积；For the obtained start point and end point, judge whether its connection line is perpendicular to the world coordinate axis XY plane: if yes, the direction of the 2-axis is the y-axis, and the direction of the 3-axis is the x-axis; if not, the direction of the 2-axis is the cross multiplication of the 1-axis Z-axis, 3-axis direction is 2-axis cross multiplied by 1-axis; then obtain the angle calculation surfaces of 1-axis, 2-axis, and 3-axis respectively; among them, in the finite element model, 1-axis, 2-axis, and 3-axis are local parts of the unit Coordinate axes, for the rod unit: the first axis is the direction from the starting point of the rod unit to the end point, the second axis is the cross product of the first axis and the Z axis of the world coordinate axis, and the third axis is the cross product of the first axis and the second axis;
对于获取的中点，取得曲面最近点，并获取最近点曲面法向；For the obtained midpoint, obtain the nearest point of the surface, and obtain the surface normal of the nearest point;
步骤C2：根据角度计算面和曲面法向计算面与法线方向的夹角；Step C2: Calculate the angle between the surface and the normal direction according to the angle calculation surface and the normal direction of the curved surface;
步骤C3：书写夹角记录。Step C3: Write the record of the included angle.
实施例1：Example 1:
请见图2，为线、面单元模型示意图；其建模流程包括步骤如下：Please see Figure 2, which is a schematic diagram of the line and surface unit model; the modeling process includes the following steps:
(1)创建分类管理图层：(1) Create a classification management layer:
本案例的图层结构是：The layer structure of this case is:
父级图层：“最简单案例”Parent Layer: "Simplest Case"
一级子图层：“桁架”First-level sublayer: "truss"
二级子图层：“桁架上弦杆-BEAM-1-1”、Secondary sublayer: "truss top chord-BEAM-1-1",
“桁架受力虚面-PLATE-4-4”"Truss force imaginary surface-PLATE-4-4"
图层说明：“桁架上弦杆”、“桁架受力虚面”为中文名，“-”为特定分隔符，“BEAM”、“PLATE”为有限元特定关键字。Layer description: "truss upper chord" and "truss force imaginary surface" are Chinese names, "-" is a specific separator, "BEAM" and "PLATE" are finite element specific keywords.
模型中的线单元对应到二级子图层的“桁架上弦杆-BEAM-1-1”，The line elements in the model correspond to the "truss upper chord-BEAM-1-1" of the second-level sublayer,
面单元对应到二级子图层的“桁架受力虚面-PLATE-4-4”。The surface unit corresponds to the "truss stress imaginary surface-PLATE-4-4" of the second-level sublayer.
(2)运行有限元转换程序，请见图3，为程序自动快速输出的有限元模型数据。其具体过程为：选取几何体(线单元与面单元)，输入指令打开脚本并运行脚本得出后缀为“.mgt”的文件，并自定义命名(本例命名为00001.mgt)，打开文件即得到几何体的有限元数据模型。请见图4，为本实施例的线单元的模型示意图；请见图5，为本实施例的面单元的模型示意图；请见图6，为本实施例的网格的模型示意图，其具体的对象类型和信息请见表1；(2) Run the finite element conversion program, see Figure 3, which is the finite element model data automatically and quickly output by the program. The specific process is: select the geometry (line unit and surface unit), enter the command to open the script and run the script to obtain a file with the suffix ".mgt", and customize the name (named 00001.mgt in this example), open the file Get the finite element data model of the geometry. Please see Fig. 4, it is the schematic diagram of the model of the line unit of this embodiment; Please see Fig. 5, it is the schematic diagram of the model of the surface unit of this embodiment; Please see Fig. 6, it is the schematic diagram of the model of the grid of this embodiment, its specific Please refer to Table 1 for the object types and information of ;
表1：线单元、面单元、网格的对象类型和信息Table 1: Object types and information of line elements, surface elements, and grids
实施例2：Example 2:
请见图7，为空间几何体模型示意图；其建模流程如下：拾取几何模型(897条曲线)，输入指令打开脚本并运行脚本得出后缀为“.mgt”的文件，并自定义命名(本例命名为00002.mgt)，打开文件即得到几何体的有限元数据模型，请见图8，本实施例的空间几何体模型的有限元模型数据结构图；Please see Figure 7, which is a schematic diagram of the spatial geometry model; the modeling process is as follows: pick up the geometric model (897 curves), enter the command to open the script and run the script to obtain a file with the suffix ".mgt", and customize the name (this Example named as 00002.mgt), open the file to obtain the finite element data model of the geometry, please see Figure 8, the finite element model data structure diagram of the spatial geometry model of the present embodiment;
实施例3：Example 3:
请见图9，为曲面与杆件夹角模型示意图；其建模流程如下：运行脚本，根据提示先后选取曲面和第一杆件1，点击确定，随后弹出输出文本及对话框，得出第一杆件1的X、Y轴单位向量，点击运行随后显示坐标平面，再次点击运行，结束。拾取第一杆件1并查看属性，在名称栏中读出杆件与曲面夹角。Please see Figure 9, which is a schematic diagram of the angle model between the surface and the member; the modeling process is as follows: run the script, select the surface and the first member 1 successively according to the prompts, click OK, and then pop up the output text and dialog box to obtain the first A unit vector of the X and Y axes of member 1, click to run and then display the coordinate plane, click to run again to end. Pick the first member 1 and view the properties, and read the angle between the member and the surface in the name column.
第二杆件2、第三杆件3、第四杆件4步骤同上。Steps of the second rod 2, the third rod 3, and the fourth rod 4 are the same as above.
本实施例的杆件与曲面相对位置与夹角，请见表2：The relative position and included angle between the bar and the curved surface in this embodiment are shown in Table 2:
表2：杆件与曲面相对位置与夹角Table 2: The relative position and angle between the bar and the curved surface
本发明的目的是提供一种快速的工程结构建模技术流程，该技术流程在兼容目前通用的CAD绘图数据的上，本发明的独创之处在于能通过计算机程序使绘图数据快速转换为有限元计算模型，能够根据空间曲面法向批量指定杆件截面转角，图层管理办法特别适用于大型异形结构工程。本技术流程包含了一套完整的图层管理以及命名方法作为绘图数据管理体系，和基于Rhinoceros 5SR4图形绘图软件到Midas系列软件的数据转化接口程序。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a fast engineering structure modeling technical process, which is compatible with the current general CAD drawing data. The originality of the present invention is that the drawing data can be quickly converted into finite elements through computer programs. The calculation model can batch specify the cross-section angle of members according to the normal direction of the space surface, and the layer management method is especially suitable for large-scale special-shaped structural projects. This technical process includes a complete set of layer management and naming methods as a drawing data management system, and a data conversion interface program based on Rhinoceros 5SR4 graphics drawing software to Midas series software.
计算机辅助制图(Computer Aided Design)为本方法适用范围，目前已知的计算机辅助设计软件有Rhinoceros、AutoCAD、Blender均在保护范围内；不在已知的CAD软件中的其他软件，但凡是使用了本方法所述的图层管理办法的CAD软件均在保护范围之内。Computer Aided Drawing (Computer Aided Design) is the scope of application of this method, and currently known computer aided design software has Rhinoceros, AutoCAD, Blender all within the scope of protection; other software not in known CAD software, but whoever uses this method The CAD software of the layer management method described in the method is within the scope of protection.
应当理解的是，本说明书未详细阐述的部分均属于现有技术。It should be understood that the parts not described in detail in this specification belong to the prior art.
应当理解的是，上述针对较佳实施例的描述较为详细，并不能因此而认为是对本发明专利保护范围的限制，本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的启示下，在不脱离本发明权利要求所保护的范围情况下，还可以做出替换或变形，均落入本发明的保护范围之内，本发明的请求保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。It should be understood that the above-mentioned descriptions for the preferred embodiments are relatively detailed, and should not therefore be considered as limiting the scope of the patent protection of the present invention. Within the scope of protection, replacements or modifications can also be made, all of which fall within the protection scope of the present invention, and the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the appended claims.
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