CN104405818B

CN104405818B - Adjustable shock absorber

Info

Publication number: CN104405818B
Application number: CN201410677016.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘贤林; 李永红; 雷菊; 刘成果; 尹诚
Original assignee: Chongqing Longxin Engine Co Ltd
Current assignee: Chongqing Longxin Engine Co Ltd
Priority date: 2014-11-21
Filing date: 2014-11-21
Publication date: 2017-12-05
Anticipated expiration: 2034-11-21
Also published as: CN104405818A

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of adjustable shock absorber, including damping spring and damper assembly, damper assembly includes damping cylinder and piston component, damper assembly is provided with the damping apparatus for adjusting force of the size adjustment damping force of the damping cavity by adjusting damper assembly, and damping apparatus for adjusting force is provided with the damping force adjustable side being exposed to outside damper；The present invention is using the structure that damping force can be adjusted in outside, according to the use environment needs such as different road conditions during use, this critical performance parameters of adjustable damping force, effect with dynamic application, so that the comfortableness and reliability of vehicle effectively improve, adaptability of the vehicle for different road conditions is lifted, meets the driving habit of different drivers.

Description

Adjustable shock absorber

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of automotive component, more particularly to a kind of adjustable shock absorber.

Background technology

Damper is the necessary parts of motor vehicles, and structure influences handling, the comfortableness of vehicle, performance it is reliable and stable Whether, it is directly connected to the safe and reliable of vehicle, comfortableness and handling.Existing damper typically using fixed structure and Fixed performance parameter, including absorber spring preload, recovery damping force, and damping performance is key before compression damping power etc. Energy parameter is fixed value, narrow in the accommodation of different road conditions to vehicle, it is impossible to meets the different uses of different road conditions Demand, adaptability are poor.For the roadsters such as motorcycle, the scope of application is relatively broad, only with standard The shock absorber structure of change, it can cause that using the motorcycle of the damper of unified standard different use environments can not be adapted to, lead Comfortableness and reliability is caused to coordinate well.

Therefore, design a kind of damper, according to the use environment needs such as different road conditions during use, can adjust damping force this One critical performance parameters, there is the effect of dynamic application so that the comfortableness and reliability of vehicle effectively improve, and lifting is whole Car meets the driving habit of different drivers for the adaptability of different road conditions.

The content of the invention

In view of this, the present invention provides a kind of adjustable shock absorber, according to the use environment need such as different road conditions during use Will, this critical performance parameters of adjustable damping force, there is the effect of dynamic application so that the comfortableness and reliability of vehicle obtain To effectively improving, adaptability of the vehicle for different road conditions is lifted, meets the driving habit of different drivers.

The adjustable shock absorber of the present invention, including damping spring and damper assembly, the damper assembly include damping Cylinder and piston component, the damper assembly are provided with the resistance of the size adjustment damping force of the damping cavity by adjusting damper assembly Buddhist nun's apparatus for adjusting force, the damping apparatus for adjusting force are provided with the damping force adjustable side being exposed to outside damper；Damping force regulation dress The output of regulation pipeline or direct valve regulated can be used by putting, and the end for regulation need to expose to damper, to facilitate root It is adjusted according to different travel conditions, and regulation scale can be set, with the reference role with regulation.

Further, the damping apparatus for adjusting force includes adjusting screw and adjusting cavity, and the adjusting cavity is logical by a regulation Road is communicated in damping cavity, and the adjusting screw drives the circulation area of taper valve core adjustment regulation passage, utilizes adjusting screw Drive taper valve core open, close or it is adjustable partially open regulation passage, during adjustment change adjusting cavity it is big The small and size of circulation area, it is higher not only to adjust sensitivity, also with linear character, ensures the performance of damper；Such as Shown in figure, taper valve core is integrally formed with adjusting screw, and adjusting cavity is formed at the front end of the annular protrusion in adjusting screw with subtracting Between shaking device bottom cylinder, in the regulation passage that taper valve core is located at adjusting screw front end and formed on shock-absorber cylinder.

Further, the damping cylinder crosses oil draining bolt by one and is connected to shock-absorber cylinder, and the adjusting screw, which is installed on, to be subtracted Shake device bottom cylinder and adjusting cavity be formed at the mounting hole for being used for installation and adjustment screw on adjusting screw and shock-absorber cylinder bottom hole it Between, the regulation passage is connected by crossing the oil duct of oil draining bolt with damping cavity；It is to have oil stream circulation passage to cross oil draining bolt, is such as schemed Shown, crossing oil draining bolt coaxially has oil-through hole, cylindrical provided with the annular groove connected with oil-through hole；Cross the mating connection of oil draining bolt screw thread In damping cylinder cylinder bottom and the bottom cylinder of damper is fixed on this tin bottom, damp cylinder cylinder bottom be provided with run through and with cross oil draining bolt The screwed hole of cooperation, the oil-through hole for crossing oil draining bolt are communicated in damping cylinder, and the annular groove is communicated in regulation passage, is formed The circulation passage of complete resisting medium；This is simple in construction and easy to adjust, entirely to adjust plus oil-through hole and annular groove Section passage is longer and has preferable throttle effect, makes damper regulation wide in range compared with slow and scope, is driven suitable for wider Sail environment.

Further, the screw thread of the adjusting screw is formed at the cylindrical annular protrusion of adjusting screw, spiral shell on shock-absorber cylinder Line coordinates to be provided with and is used for the outside spacing locating part of annular protrusion, as illustrated, the locating part is coated at adjusting screw and spiral shell Line is equipped with the screwed hole set on shock-absorber cylinder, and also screw thread cooperation is inner positioned at this for the annular protrusion of adjusting screw In screwed hole, adjusting cavity, regulation passage position are formed between the annular protrusion front end and the bottom hole of the screwed hole on shock-absorber cylinder In bottom hole；It can ensure that adjustable range has limitation by the setting of locating part, and can make adjustable range that there is secondary adjustability, It is easy to use.

Further, the piston component includes piston and piston rod, and damping spring can be coated at piston rod, can also be coated at Piston rod and damping cylinder, will not be repeated here；Outer in the middle part of piston rod to be cased with guide sleeve, guide sleeve axially limits on the piston rod Position；Guide sleeve typically uses the material softer than spring, such as plastics or rubber etc., avoid spring works process by bending with work Stopper rod friction, which produces abnormal sound, to be influenceed performance or causes the abrasion of piston rod and spring, makes whole work process more smooth；Axle Spacing structure of existing both ends catch etc. can be used to limit method, will not be repeated here.

Further, at least spacing setting hydraulic cushion part, the set location of hydraulic cushion part make axially outward on piston rod The piston of piston component prevents rigid touch bottom in end of travel, hydraulic cushion part axial limiting on the piston rod；Impulse stroke end End refers to that piston is damping the final stroke of cylinder least significant end and spring-compressed, delays in impulse stroke tip designs hydraulic damping Structure is rushed, the gradual increase of compression damping power can be made, is not in stiff bottom out etc. no when ensureing forward stroke limit situation Good situation, ensure that comfortableness, and the course of work more safety and stability is reliable.

Further, the inner cylinder of damper is fixedly connected in shock-absorber cylinder and axially slidable cooperation and is placed on outer barrel, institute State damping spring upper end withstand outer barrel or with outer barrel at least fixed spring base axially outward, the piston rod of the piston component with The adjustable mode of axial location is matched with the outer barrel of damper, and piston rod outer face exposes to damper and is used for regulating piston bar Relative to the axial location of outer barrel；As illustrated, piston rod outer face, which is provided with, is used for the straight trough that driver rotates, it is straight by screwdriver The purpose of regulation damping force size can be realized by connecing driving.

Further, the damping spring is provided with the adjusting nut for being used for adjusting its pretightning force, and adjusting nut screw thread is matched with The thread bush of axial restraint and the extremity piece fixed downwardly against outer barrel or with outer barrel on piston rod or piston rod；Pass through adjusting nut Absorber spring can be adjusted at any time according to demand to preload, and scale can be set, adjustment has standardization.

Further, the shock-absorber cylinder is forging and the integrally formed disc brake mounting bracket provided with hollow out, detachable Splash apron bracket is connected with, outer to use hollow type disc brake mounting bracket, intensity can ensure, appearance and modeling is novel, and material makes With reduction, unsprung mass mitigates, outward appearance commodity, performance structure reliability, cost and to vehicle it is comfortable it is handling all There is preferable effect；Mud mounting bracket is kept off at the cylinder of bottom using bolt and bottom cylinder connected mode, can be according to gear mud moulding at any time more Adjustment is changed, it is higher that product exchanges versatility.

Further, the shock-absorber cylinder is forging, uses and is threadedly coupled between the shock-absorber cylinder and inner cylinder；Typically exist Anaerobic adhesive is smeared at screw thread prevents rotation from loosening, while designs only lock screw, further prevents inner cylinder from screwing loosening, ensures this dress The reliability matched somebody with somebody.

Beneficial effects of the present invention：The adjustable shock absorber of the present invention, the structure of damping force can be adjusted using in outside, According to the use environment needs such as different road conditions during use, this critical performance parameters of adjustable damping force, there is dynamic application Effect so that the comfortableness and reliability of vehicle effectively improve, lifting vehicle for different road conditions adaptability, meet The driving habit of different drivers.

Brief description of the drawings

The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the present invention；

Fig. 2 is Fig. 1 along A direction views；

Fig. 3 is enlarged drawing at Figure 1B；

Fig. 4 is enlarged drawing at Fig. 1 C.

Embodiment

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the present invention, and Fig. 2 is enlarged drawing at Figure 1B along A direction views, Fig. 3 for Fig. 1, and Fig. 4 is Fig. 1 C Locate enlarged drawing, as shown in the figure：The adjustable shock absorber of the present embodiment, including damping spring 15 and damper assembly, the damping Device assembly includes damping cylinder 14 and piston component, and the damper assembly is provided with the big of the damping cavity by adjusting damper assembly The damping apparatus for adjusting force of small adjustment damping force, the damping apparatus for adjusting force are provided with the damping force regulation being exposed to outside damper End；Damping apparatus for adjusting force can use the output of regulation pipeline or direct valve regulated, the end for regulation to expose to Damper, it is adjusted with facilitating according to different travel conditions, and regulation scale can be set, is made with the reference with regulation With；Damper includes inner cylinder 13, outer barrel 1 and shock-absorber cylinder 11, belongs to existing structure, will not be repeated here.

In the present embodiment, the damping apparatus for adjusting force includes adjusting screw 17 and adjusting cavity 20, and the adjusting cavity 20 is logical Cross a regulation passage 22 and be communicated in damping cavity 20, the adjusting screw 17 drives the stream of a taper valve core 19 adjustment regulation passage 22 Logical area, drives taper valve core 19 to open, close using adjusting screw 17 or adjustable partially open adjusts passage 22, is adjusting Change the size of adjusting cavity and the size of circulation area in whole process, it is higher not only to adjust sensitivity, also with linear character, Ensure the performance of damper；As illustrated, taper valve core 19 and adjusting screw 17 are integrally formed, adjusting cavity 20 is formed at tune Between saving the bottom hole for installation and adjustment screw 17 on the front end and shock-absorber cylinder of the annular protrusion 17a on screw 17, cone In the regulation passage that shape valve element 19 is located at the front end of adjusting screw 17 and formed on shock-absorber cylinder 11.

In the present embodiment, the damping cylinder 14 crosses oil draining bolt 16 by one and is connected to shock-absorber cylinder 11, the regulation spiral shell Nail 17 is installed on shock-absorber cylinder and adjusting cavity 20 is formed at adjusting screw 17 with being used for installation and adjustment spiral shell on shock-absorber cylinder 11 Between the bottom hole of the mounting hole of nail 17, the regulation passage 22 is connected by crossing the oil duct of oil draining bolt 16 with damping cavity 20；Cross oil Bolt 16 is the bolt with oil stream circulation passage, as illustrated, oil draining bolt 16 is crossed coaxially with oil-through hole 16a, it is cylindrical to be provided with The annular groove 16b connected with oil-through hole；Oil draining bolt screw thread is crossed to be connected in the cylinder bottom of damping cylinder 14 and by shock-absorber cylinder 11 This tin bottom is fixed on, the cylinder bottom of damping cylinder 14 is provided with screwed hole that is running through and coordinating with crossing oil draining bolt 16, described to cross oil draining bolt 16 oil-through hole 16a is communicated in damping cylinder, and the annular groove 16b is communicated in regulation passage 22, forms complete resisting medium Circulation passage；This is simple in construction and easy to adjust, and it is longer and have entirely to adjust passage plus oil-through hole and annular groove There is preferable throttle effect, make damper regulation wide in range compared with slow and scope, suitable for wider driving environment.

In the present embodiment, the screw thread of the adjusting screw 16 is formed at the cylindrical annular protrusion 17a of adjusting screw, damper Screw thread coordinates to be provided with and is used for the outside spacing locating parts 18 of annular protrusion 17a, as illustrated, outside the locating part 18 on bottom cylinder 11 It is placed on adjusting screw 17 and screw thread is equipped with the screwed hole set on shock-absorber cylinder 11, the convex annular of adjusting screw 17 Playing 17a, also screw thread coordinates inner in the screwed hole, annular protrusion 17a front ends and the screwed hole on shock-absorber cylinder 11 Adjusting cavity is formed between bottom hole, regulation passage 22 is located at bottom hole；It can ensure that adjustable range has limit by the setting of locating part 18 System, and can make adjustable range that there is secondary adjustability, it is easy to use.

In the present embodiment, the piston component includes piston and piston rod 5, and damping spring 15 can be coated at piston rod 5, Piston rod 5 and damping cylinder can be coated at, will not be repeated here；Guide sleeve 4 is cased with outside the middle part of piston rod 5, that is, is placed on piston The exposed parts of bar 5, during actual use, the length of guide sleeve should not be shorter than 1/3rd of piston rod, be easily formed to piston Comprehensive protection of bar, spring, avoid contact with and there is enough buffer lengths；The axial limiting on piston rod 5 of guide sleeve 4；Lead The material softer than spring, such as plastics or rubber etc. are typically used to set 4, cost is relatively low and is easily formed, and has preferable Convertibility, meanwhile, plastics or nylon have certain hardness and toughness, have certain self-lubricating function for collision, Mitigate friction damage, it is preferred to use plastics, for example nylon plastic(s), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) etc. can be used, have intensity high and moisten certainly The characteristics of slip is good；Guide sleeve is the small structure in two broad in the middle along longitudinal direction, is adapted to the deformation of spring, is occurred during use smooth Contact, further reduce impact；And guiding is placed on circumferencial direction and is set up in parallel cannelure, the cannelure makes the transversal of guide sleeve Face is the tooth-shape structure of spline type structure or smooth excessiveness, guide sleeve is saved finished material, reduces CONTACT WITH FRICTION area, makes Guide sleeve is cylindrical to reduce hardness and impulsive force, and firm order after first soft during impact, the deformation collision to spring has effective slow Punching, meanwhile, there is preferable guide effect, wear beneficial to protecting guide sleeve not occur, hit failure and effectively lead faster To hydraulic performance decline after avoiding damping spring from bending, beneficial to the good damping precision of holding；Do not occur comparatively fast beneficial to guide sleeve is protected Abrasion and；The structure, which avoids the course of work of damping spring 15 from producing abnormal sound with the friction of piston rod 5 by bending, to be influenceed performance or makes Into the abrasion of piston rod 5 and damping spring 15, make whole work process more smooth；Axial limiting mode can use existing Spacing structure of both ends catch etc., will not be repeated here.

It is at least spacing axially outward on piston rod 5 that hydraulic cushion part 3, the setting of hydraulic cushion part 3 are set in the present embodiment Position makes the piston of piston component prevent rigid touch bottom in end of travel, refer to axially outward relative to damping cylinder it is outside, one As be directed to for damper, i.e., can realize goal of the invention to upper limit, naturally it is also possible to be fixed setting；Hydraulic cushion The set location of part 3 makes the piston of piston component prevent rigid touch bottom from referring in end of travel：Hydraulic cushion part 3 is in piston rod On position can make the contact damping cylinder end cap before piston bottoms out of hydraulic cushion part 3, prevent piston continue high speed it is downward；Work Refer to that piston is damping the final stroke of cylinder least significant end and spring-compressed as end of travel, in impulse stroke tip designs liquid Damped structure is pressed, the gradual increase of compression damping power can be made, be not in stiff when ensureing forward stroke limit situation The undesirable condition such as bottom out, ensure that comfortableness, the course of work more safety and stability is reliable；As illustrated, hydraulic cushion part 3 is slow Nested structure is rushed, the buffering nested structure is to the diminishing taper in end face close to the end of damping cylinder；Carried out before piston bottoms out When slowly, the small end surface contact damping cylinder end cap first of taper, formed by the contact of the small reaction force gradually increased, ensured Buffering effect, improve the comfortableness before damper bottoms out；As illustrated, hydraulic cushion part is arranged at piston rod by inner sleeve 2, and And axial limiting is realized at both ends；As illustrated, inner sleeve 2 is T-shaped set, the major part and T-shaped set that hydraulic cushion part 3 is covered by the T-shaped Cylindrical catch realizes axial limiting, and T-shaped covers one end and shares spacing catch with guide sleeve 4, and the other end passes through independent spacing catch It is spacing, it will not be repeated here, the structure makes buffering course be divided into two-stage, increases buffering effect.

In the present embodiment, the inner cylinder 13 of damper, which is fixedly connected in shock-absorber cylinder 11 and axially slidable cooperation, to be placed on Outer barrel 1 or the spring base 6 at least fixed axially outward with outer barrel 1, the present embodiment are withstood in outer barrel 1, the upper end of damping spring 15 For spring base 6；The piston rod 5 of the piston component is matched with the outer barrel 1 of damper, and piston in a manner of axial location is adjustable The outer face of bar 5 exposes to damper and is used for axial location of the regulating piston bar relative to outer barrel；As illustrated, piston rod outer face Provided with the straight trough rotated for driver, the purpose for adjusting damping force size can be realized by screwdriver direct drive.

In the present embodiment, the damping spring 15 is provided with the adjusting nut 9 for being used for adjusting its pretightning force, the spiral shell of adjusting nut 9 The extremity piece that line is matched with the thread bush 8 of axial restraint on piston rod or piston rod and fixed downwardly against outer barrel 1 or with outer barrel 1 (cover 16)；As illustrated, piston rod 5 is fixed with thread bush 8, the screw thread of adjusting nut 9 is equipped with thread bush 8 simultaneously The extremity piece (cover 16) fixed with outer barrel is withstood, is adjusted at any time；It can at any time be adjusted and subtracted according to demand by adjusting nut 9 Device spring preload is shaken, and scale can be set, adjustment has standardization.

In the present embodiment, the shock-absorber cylinder 11 is forging and the integrally formed disc brake provided with hollow out installs 12 framves of branch, And detachable connection is provided with splash apron bracket 10, outer to use hollow type disc brake mounting bracket, intensity can ensure, appearance and modeling Novelty, materials'use are reduced, and unsprung mass mitigates, and in outward appearance commodity, performance structure reliability, cost and vehicle is relaxed Suitable handling have preferable effect；Mud mounting bracket is kept off at the cylinder of bottom using bolt and bottom cylinder connected mode, can be according to gear mud Adjustment is changed in moulding at any time, and it is higher that product exchanges versatility；It is generally applied to the front damper of motorcycle.

In the present embodiment, the shock-absorber cylinder is forging, is connected between the shock-absorber cylinder 11 and inner cylinder 13 using screw thread Connect；Anaerobic adhesive is smeared typically at screw thread prevents rotation from loosening, while designs only lock screw 21, further prevents inner cylinder from screwing pine It is dynamic, ensure the reliability of this assembling.

In the present invention, rational sealing structure, such as o types circle or sealing are used in the connection of various parts as needed Pad etc., will not be repeated here；In the present invention, in terms of outward appearance, the uniform spiral thread of outer barrel, surface uses anodized, Appearance luster is vivid, and texture is strong, and Corrosion Protection is reliable and stable；Meanwhile it is fine to pull load segment requirement to steering column up and down Processing, control surface roughness is convenient for assembly and ensure its reliable and stable of assembling of winning in succession with steering column, so as to which a left side be effectively ensured Right damper it is parallel, avoid damper work eccentric wear clamping stagnation phenomenon.

It is of the invention independent using suitable for three-wheel, the front damper of two-wheeled motor vehicle.

Finally illustrate, the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention and it is unrestricted, although with reference to compared with The present invention is described in detail good embodiment, it will be understood by those within the art that, can be to the skill of the present invention Art scheme is modified or equivalent substitution, and without departing from the objective and scope of technical solution of the present invention, it all should cover at this Among the right of invention.

Claims

1. a kind of adjustable shock absorber, including damping spring and damper assembly, the damper assembly includes damping cylinder and work Plug assembly, it is characterised in that：The size that the damper assembly is provided with the damping cavity by adjusting damper assembly adjusts damping The damping apparatus for adjusting force of power, the damping apparatus for adjusting force are provided with the damping force adjustable side being exposed to outside damper；The resistance Buddhist nun's apparatus for adjusting force includes adjusting screw and adjusting cavity, and the adjusting cavity is communicated in damping cavity, the tune by a regulation passage Save the circulation area that screw drives taper valve core adjustment regulation passage；The damping cylinder crosses oil draining bolt by one and is connected to damping Device bottom cylinder, the adjusting screw is installed on shock-absorber cylinder and adjusting cavity is formed at adjusting screw and pacified with being used on shock-absorber cylinder Between the bottom hole for filling the mounting hole of adjusting screw, the regulation passage is connected by crossing the oil duct of oil draining bolt with damping cavity；

The piston component includes piston and piston rod, and outer in the middle part of piston rod to be cased with guide sleeve, guide sleeve is on the piston rod Axial limiting；

The length of the guide sleeve is longer than 1/3rd of piston rod, and guide sleeve is the small structure in two broad in the middle along longitudinal direction, and Guiding is placed on circumferencial direction and is set up in parallel cannelure.

2. adjustable shock absorber according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The screw thread of the adjusting screw is formed at regulation The cylindrical annular protrusion of screw, screw thread coordinates to be provided with and is used for the outside spacing locating part of annular protrusion on shock-absorber cylinder.

3. adjustable shock absorber according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：At least spacing setting axially outward on piston rod Hydraulic cushion part, the set location of hydraulic cushion part make the piston of piston component prevent rigid touch bottom in end of travel, and hydraulic pressure delays Stamping axial limiting on the piston rod.

4. adjustable shock absorber according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The inner cylinder of damper is fixedly connected on damper Outer barrel is placed in bottom cylinder and axially slidable cooperation, outer barrel or at least solid axially outward with outer barrel is withstood in the damping spring upper end Fixed spring base, the piston rod of the piston component are matched with the outer barrel of damper, and piston in a manner of axial location is adjustable Bar outer face exposes to damper and is used for axial location of the regulating piston bar relative to outer barrel.

5. adjustable shock absorber according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：The damping spring is provided with pre- for adjusting its The adjusting nut of clamp force, adjusting nut screw thread are matched with piston rod or piston rod the thread bush of axial restraint and downwardly against outer Cylinder or the extremity piece fixed with outer barrel.

6. according to the adjustable shock absorber described in claim 1 to 5 any claim, it is characterised in that：The damper bottom Cylinder is provided with splash apron bracket for forging and the integrally formed disc brake mounting bracket provided with hollow out, detachable connection.

7. according to the adjustable shock absorber described in claim 1 to 5 any claim, it is characterised in that：The damper bottom Cylinder is forging, uses and is threadedly coupled between the shock-absorber cylinder and inner cylinder.