CN104404319A - 6061 alloy and preparation method - Google Patents
6061 alloy and preparation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides 6061 alloy. The 6061 alloy comprises 0.4-0.8wt% of Si, 0.5-0.7wt% of Fe, 0.25-0.4wt% of Cu, 0-0.15wt% of Mn, 0.8-1.2wt% of Mg, 0.25-0.35wt% of Cr, 0.2-5wt% of zinc, 0.1-5wt% of Ti and the balance of Al. Through specific contents and composition ratios of Si, Fe, Cu, Mn, Mg, Cr, Zn, Ti and Al, coarse grain rings of the alloy provided by the invention are controlled to be blow 3mm, and the cost of the alloy is relatively low.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to alloy field, more particularly, relate to a kind of 6061 alloys and preparation method.
Background technology
6061 aluminium alloys belong to Al-Mg-Si series alloy, it is the high-quality aluminum alloy product through thermal treatment preliminary draft explained hereafter, its intensity is medium, and indeformable, the fine and close zero defect of material and be easy to the features such as polishing, colouring film is easy, oxidation effectiveness is splendid after there is good machining property, excellent weld characteristics and plating resistance, good erosion resistance, high tenacity and processing.Be widely used in the complicated tube, rod section material of the high request manufactured on aircraft, steamer, automobile and furniture.
In prior art, when producing this alloy, its macrostructure there will be serious, the degree of depth is the coarse grain ring of 5 ~ 10mm.Coarse grain ring is the ring-type coarse grain region that extruded product periphery is formed, and is a kind of tissue defects of extruded product.Grain-size in coarse grain ring can exceed 10 ~ 100 times of initial grain size, reaches 800 ~ 1500btm.It causes Mechanical Properties of Products to reduce, and anti-fatigue performance is lower than central section, and during after quenching and with blank forging with this defect, coarse grain zone of being everlasting cracks.Have the aluminium section bar of this defect when tension leveling, surface becomes coarse, occurs piebald, surface unsightly after anodic oxidation.
My company in 2012 solves by improving quenching technology the problem that diameter is less than the coarse grain ring of 55mm bar, and the problem being greater than the coarse grain ring of the bar of 55mm at diameter need to solve.At present also not for the universal method of the problems referred to above.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the invention provides a kind of 6061 alloys and preparation method, the coarse grain ring of goods is controlled at below 3mm.
The invention provides a kind of 6061 alloys, comprising:
The Al of surplus.
Preferably, the content of described Fe is 0.52wt% ~ 0.68wt%.
Preferably, the content of described Fe is 0.54wt% ~ 0.66wt%.
Preferably, the content of described Fe is 0.56wt% ~ 0.64wt%.
Preferably, the content of described Cr is 0.27wt% ~ 0.33wt%.
Preferably, the content of described Cr is 0.28wt% ~ 0.32wt%.
Preferably, the content of described Cr is 0.29wt% ~ 0.31wt%.
Preferably, the content of described Cu is 0.26wt% ~ 0.38wt%.
Preferably, the coarse grain ring of described 6061 alloys is below 3mm.
The invention provides a kind of preparation method of 6061 alloys as described in the claims, comprising:
Si source, Fe source, Cu source, Mn source, Mg source, Cr source, Zn source, Ti source and Al source are obtained 6061 alloys through melting, casting, ingot casting heating, extruding, quenching, artificial aging.
Compared with prior art, the invention provides a kind of 6061 alloys, comprising: Si 0.4wt% ~ 0.8wt%; Fe 0.5wt% ~ 0.7wt%; Cu 0.25wt% ~ 0.4wt%; Mn 0wt% ~ 0.15wt%; Mg 0.8wt% ~ 1.2wt%; Cr 0.25wt% ~ 0.35wt%; Zn 0.2wt% ~ 5wt%; Ti 0.1wt% ~ 5wt%; The Al of surplus.6061 alloys in the present invention for main alloy element, are strengthening phase with Mg, Si, Cu, play solid solution effect.By the content of Mg, Si of the present invention, this alloy tensile strength raising, elongation when quench aging are reduced.In alloy, the content of Cu makes the plasticity of alloy increase, suppress extrusion effect, reduces the anisotropy of alloy processing.The certain content of the present invention by above-mentioned Si, Fe, Cu, Mn, Mg, Cr, Zn, Ti and Al and the proportioning of composition, the coarse grain ring of alloy product of the present invention is controlled at below 3mm, and cost is lower.
Embodiment
The invention provides a kind of 6061 alloys, comprising:
The Al of surplus.
6061 alloys of the present invention comprise Si 0.4wt% ~ 0.8wt%, are preferably 0.38wt% ~ 0.78wt%.6061 alloys of the present invention comprise Mg 0.8wt% ~ 1.2wt%; Be preferably 0.82wt% ~ 1.1wt%.By the content of Mg, Si of the present invention, such that this alloy improves in the tensile strength of quench aging state (T6), elongation reduces.
6016 alloys of the present invention comprise Cu 0.25wt% ~ 0.4wt%, are preferably 0.26wt% ~ 0.38wt%.6061 alloys in the present invention for main alloy element, are strengthening phase with Mg, Si, Cu, play solid solution effect.In alloy, the content of Cu makes the plasticity of alloy increase, adds heat treatment reinforcement effect, suppresses extrusion effect, reduces the anisotropy of alloy processing.
6016 alloys of the present invention comprise Fe 0.5wt% ~ 0.7wt%; Be preferably 0.52wt% ~ 0.68wt%, be more preferably 0.54wt% ~ 0.66wt%, most preferably be 0.56wt% ~ 0.64wt%.The present invention is found by research, when the content of Fe exceedes scope of the present invention, can generate insoluble AlMnFeSi phase, reduces the intensity of goods, plasticity and corrosion resistance nature.
6016 alloys of the present invention comprise Mn 0wt% ~ 0.15wt%; Be preferably 0.01wt% ~ 0.13wt%, be more preferably 0.01wt% ~ 0.12wt%.The manganese adding certain content in alloy of the present invention can improve mechanical strength, improves erosion resistance, impelling strength and bending property.Add while manganese and copper in alloy of the present invention in addition, can elongation be improved, and improve the grain fineness number of goods.
6016 alloys of the present invention comprise Cr 0.25wt% ~ 0.35wt%; Be preferably 0.27wt% ~ 0.33wt%, be more preferably 0.28wt% ~ 0.32wt%, most preferably be 0.29wt% ~ 0.31wt%.The Cr adding certain content in alloy of the present invention can suppress Mg
2si phase, in the precipitation of crystal boundary, delays Natural Aging Process, improves artificially aged intensity.Further, add in the present invention Cr can together with Mn, Fe crystal grain thinning, make the crystal grain after recrystallize in elongate shape, put forward heavy alloyed erosion resistance, and reduce 6061 alloys the coarse grain ring degree of depth, obtain fine grained texture.
Can also comprise Zn in alloy of the present invention, content is 0wt% ~ 0.25wt%, is preferably 0.01wt% ~ 0.23wt%, is more preferably 0.02wt% ~ 0.20wt%.
Can also comprise Ti in alloy of the present invention, content is 0wt% ~ 0.15wt%, is preferably 0.01wt% ~ 0.13wt%, is more preferably 0.01wt% ~ 0.10wt%.
With the addition of the columanar structure that Zn and Ti can reduce ingot casting in alloy of the present invention, improve the forgeability of alloy, and the crystal grain of refinement goods.
The certain content of the present invention by above-mentioned Si, Fe, Cu, Mn, Mg, Cr, Zn, Ti and Al and the proportioning of composition, the coarse grain ring of alloy of the present invention and goods is controlled at below 3mm, and cost is lower.
The invention provides a kind of preparation method of 6061 alloys, comprising:
Si source, Fe source, Cu source, Mn source, Mg source, Cr source, Zn source, Ti source and Al source are obtained 6061 alloys through melting, casting, ingot casting heating, extruding, quenching, artificial aging.
Si source of the present invention, Fe source, Cu source, Mn source, Mg source, Cr source, Zn source, Ti source and Al source can for pure compound, also can be master alloy, the present inventor does not limit this.As long as meet said components content.
The present invention is melting technology well known to those skilled in the art to described melting technology, preferably carries out in smelting furnace, and described smelting temperature is preferably 740 ~ 760 DEG C.Melting will stir, and ensures that metal melts completely, temperature is accurate, uniform composition.Order of addition(of ingredients) of the present invention is preferably: Al, Al-Cu, Al-FeAl-Mn, Al-Cr, Al-Si; Stirring adds pure Mg at 740 ~ 750 DEG C after skimming, and finally adds grain-refining agent Al-Ti-B silk.
Of the present inventionly be cast into casting technique well known to those skilled in the art, preferably carry out in casting machine, described casting temp is preferably 730 ~ 740 DEG C, and casting speed is preferably 100 ~ 110mm/min, and described casting hydraulic pressure is preferably 0.06 ~ 0.12MPa.
Preferred at induction heater ingot casting after casting, ingot casting Heating temperature is preferably 520 ~ 540 DEG C.
Carry out after ingot casting extruding and quenching.In the present invention, the employing air quenching stove that alloy product diameter is greater than 55mm quenches, and product diameter is less than or equal to the mode of the employing quenching on line of 55mm.
Concrete, adopt air quenching stove to carry out quenching and corresponding steps is specially:
Extruded in extrusion machine by 6061 alloy cast ingots of preparation, the temperature of extruding is preferably 520 DEG C ~ 540 DEG C, and described container temperature is preferably 460 ~ 480 DEG C; Described extrusion speed is preferably >=2.0m/min.Blank after extruding is carried out quenching furnance quench treatment, is specially: the bar of diameter > 55mm, vertical air quenching furnance quenches, quenching temperature: 530 ± 3 DEG C.Described soaking time is the time known in those skilled in the art's technical process.
Quenching on line step is adopted to be specially:
6061 alloy cast ingots of preparation are carried out extruding in extrusion machine, the bar on-line shrend of diameter < 55mm: the temperature of extruding is preferably 520 DEG C ~ 540 DEG C, container temperature preferably 460 ~ 480 DEG C; Extrusion speed is preferably >=2.0m/min.Blank after extruding is carried out quenching on line process,
For tension leveling, timeliness obtain 6061 alloys after extruding, quenching.Described tension leveling is tension leveling well known to those skilled in the art, described tension leveling preferably tension leveling in stretching straightener, restrained stretching rate: 1.5% ~ 3.0%.Described timeliness is artificial aging well known to those skilled in the art, and described institution of prescription is preferably 175 ± 5 DEG C of insulations 8 hours.
After obtaining 6061 alloys, carry out yield strength, tensile strength, unit elongation and coarse grain ring and measure.
Sampling method is:
(1) sample that each embodiment of random selecting prepares cuts the mechanical properties such as Specimen Determination yield strength, tensile strength from goods front end, is numbered T1, T2.。。。。。
(2) sample that each embodiment of random selecting prepares cuts coarse micro-grain sample from goods tail end and measures coarse grain ring, is numbered W1, W2.。。。。。
The invention provides a kind of 6061 alloys, comprising: Si 0.4wt% ~ 0.8wt%; Fe 0.5wt% ~ 0.7wt%; Cu 0.25wt% ~ 0.4wt%; Mn 0wt% ~ 0.15wt%; Mg 0.8wt% ~ 1.2wt%; Cr 0.25wt% ~ 0.35wt%; Zn 0.2wt% ~ 5wt%; Ti 0.1wt% ~ 5wt%; The Al of surplus.6061 alloys in the present invention for main alloy element, are strengthening phase with Mg, Si, Cu, play solid solution effect.By the content of Mg, Si of the present invention, this alloy tensile strength raising, elongation when quench aging are reduced.In alloy, the content of Cu makes the plasticity of alloy increase, suppress extrusion effect, reduces the anisotropy of alloy processing.The certain content of the present invention by above-mentioned Si, Fe, Cu, Mn, Mg, Cr, Zn, Ti and Al and the proportioning of composition, the coarse grain ring of alloy of the present invention and goods is controlled at below 3mm, and cost is lower.
In order to understand the present invention further, be described in detail to 6061 Alloy And Preparation Methods provided by the invention below in conjunction with embodiment, protection scope of the present invention is not limited by the following examples.
Embodiment 1 ~ 2
Adopt commercial-purity aluminium, pure Mg respectively; Al-Fe; Al-Si, Al-Cu, Al-Mn, Al-Cr, Al-Ti-B, Al-Zn master alloy is that raw material carries out melting in aluminum alloy smelting furnace, and smelting temperature is 750 DEG C.Stir, ensure that metal melts completely, temperature is accurate, uniform composition.Order of addition(of ingredients) is: Al, Al-Cu, Al-Fe, Al-Mn, Al-Cr, Al-Si, Al-Zn; Stirring adds pure Mg at 740-750 DEG C after skimming, and finally adds grain-refining agent Al-Ti-B silk, then casts in casting machine, and casting temp is 730-740 DEG C, casting speed 100-110mm/min, casting hydraulic pressure 0.10MPa.At induction heater ingot casting after casting, ingot casting Heating temperature: 520 ~ 540 DEG C.In 6016 alloy cast ingots, the content of Si is 0.65wt%; The content of Fe is 0.65wt%; The content of Cu is 0.26wt%; The content of Mn is 0.12wt%; The content of Mg is 0.95wt%; The content of Cr is 0.25wt%; The content of Zn is 0.04wt%; The content of Ti is 0.01wt%; The Al of surplus.
Extruded in extrusion machine by 6061 alloy cast ingots of preparation, the temperature of extruding is 530 DEG C, container temperature: 460 ~ 480 DEG C; Extrusion speed is 3.0m/min.Blank after extruding is carried out quenching furnance quench treatment, is specially: vertical air quenching furnance quenches, quenching temperature: 530 ± 3 DEG C, tension leveling in stretching straightener after quenching, restrained stretching rate: 2.0%.Then 175 ± 5 DEG C of timeliness 8 hours, obtain finished product.Mensuration mechanical property and the coarse grain ring degree of depth is carried out according to sampling of the present invention and Specimen Determination method.Measurement result is as shown in table 1, and table 1 is the performance data table of 6061 alloys prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 1 ~ 2.
The performance data table of 6061 alloys prepared by table 1 embodiment of the present invention 1 ~ 2.
Embodiment 3 ~ 4
Adopt commercial-purity aluminium, pure Mg respectively; Al-Fe; Al-Si, Al-Cu, Al-Mn, Al-Cr, Al-Ti-B, Al-Zn master alloy is that raw material carries out melting in aluminum alloy smelting furnace, and smelting temperature is 750 DEG C.Stir, ensure that metal melts completely, temperature is accurate, uniform composition.Order of addition(of ingredients) is: Al, Al-Cu, Al-Fe, Al-Mn, Al-Cr, Al-Si, Al-Zn; Stirring adds pure Mg at 740-750 DEG C after skimming, and finally adds grain-refining agent Al-Ti-B silk, then casts in casting machine, and casting temp is 730-740 DEG C, casting speed 100-110mm/min, casting hydraulic pressure 0.10MPa.At induction heater ingot casting after casting, ingot casting Heating temperature: 520 ~ 540 DEG C.In 6016 alloy cast ingots, the content of Si is 0.65wt%; The content of Fe is 0.65wt%; The content of Cu is 0.26wt%; The content of Mn is 0.12wt%; The content of Mg is 0.95wt%; The content of Cr is 0.25wt%; The content of Zn is 0.04wt%; The content of Ti is 0.01wt%; The Al of surplus.
6061 alloy cast ingots of preparation are carried out extruding in extrusion machine, the bar on-line shrend of diameter < 55mm: the temperature of extruding is 530 DEG C, container temperature: 460 ~ 480 DEG C; Extrusion speed is 3.0m/min.Blank after extruding is carried out quenching on line process, tension leveling in stretching straightener after quenching, restrained stretching rate: 2.0%.Then 175 ± 5 DEG C of timeliness 8 hours, obtain finished product.Materials according to national standard and measure mechanical property and the coarse grain ring degree of depth.Measurement result is as shown in table 2, and table 2 is the performance data table of 6061 alloys prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 3 ~ 4.
The performance data table of 6061 alloys prepared by table 2 embodiment of the present invention 3 ~ 4.
Comparative example 1 ~ 6
Adopt commercial-purity aluminium, pure Mg respectively; Al-Fe; Al-Si, Al-Cu, Al-Mn, Al-Cr, Al-Ti-B, Al-Zn master alloy is that raw material carries out melting in aluminum alloy smelting furnace, and smelting temperature is 750 DEG C.Stir, ensure that metal melts completely, temperature is accurate, uniform composition.Order of addition(of ingredients) is: Al, Al-Cu, Al-Fe, Al-Mn, Al-Cr, Al-Si, Al-Zn; Stirring adds pure Mg at 740-750 DEG C after skimming, and finally adds grain-refining agent Al-Ti-B silk, then casts in casting machine, and casting temp is 730-740 DEG C, casting speed 100-110mm/min, casting hydraulic pressure 0.10MPa.At induction heater ingot casting after casting, ingot casting Heating temperature: 520 ~ 540 DEG C.In 6016 alloy cast ingots, the content of Si is 0.69wt%; The content of Fe is 0.2wt%; The content of Cu is 0.26wt%; The content of Mn is 0.01wt%; The content of Mg is 1wt%; The content of Cr is 0.14wt%; The content of Ni is 0.01wt%; The content of Zn is 0.04wt%; The content of Ti is 0.02wt%; The Al of surplus.
Extruded in extrusion machine by 6061 alloy cast ingots of preparation, the temperature of extruding is 530 DEG C, container temperature: 460 ~ 480 DEG C; Extrusion speed is 3.0m/min.Blank after extruding is carried out quenching furnance quench treatment, is specially: the bar of diameter > 55mm, vertical air quenching furnance quenches, quenching temperature: 530 ± 3 DEG C, tension leveling in stretching straightener after quenching, restrained stretching rate: 2.0%.Then 175 ± 5 DEG C of timeliness 8 hours, obtain finished product.Mensuration mechanical property and the coarse grain ring degree of depth is carried out according to sampling of the present invention and Specimen Determination method.Measurement result is as shown in table 3, and table 3 is comparative example 1 ~ 6 of the present invention
The performance data table of 6061 alloys of preparation.
The performance data table of 6061 alloys that table 3 is prepared for comparative example 1 ~ 6 of the present invention
Embodiment 5 ~ 8
Adopt commercial-purity aluminium, pure Mg respectively; Al-Fe; Al-Si, Al-Cu, Al-Mn, Al-Cr, Al-Ti-B, Al-Zn master alloy is that raw material carries out melting in aluminum alloy smelting furnace, and smelting temperature is 750 DEG C.Stir, ensure that metal melts completely, temperature is accurate, uniform composition.Order of addition(of ingredients) is: Al, Al-Cu, Al-Fe, Al-Mn, Al-Cr, Al-Si, Al-Zn; Stirring adds pure Mg at 740-750 DEG C after skimming, and finally adds grain-refining agent Al-Ti-B silk, then casts in casting machine, and casting temp is 730-740 DEG C, casting speed 100-110mm/min, casting hydraulic pressure 0.10MPa.At induction heater ingot casting after casting, ingot casting Heating temperature: 520 ~ 540 DEG C.In 6016 alloy cast ingots, the content of Si is 0.69wt%; The content of Fe is 0.69wt%; The content of Cu is 0.28wt%; The content of Mn is 0.11wt%; The content of Mg is 0.98wt%; The content of Cr is 0.26wt%; The content of Ni is 0.01wt%; The content of Zn is 0.04wt%; The content of Ti is 0.01wt%; The Al of surplus.
Extruded in extrusion machine by 6061 alloy cast ingots of preparation, the temperature of extruding is 530 DEG C, container temperature: 460 ~ 480 DEG C; Extrusion speed is 3.0m/min.Blank after extruding is carried out quenching furnance quench treatment, is specially: the bar of diameter > 55mm, vertical air quenching furnance quenches, quenching temperature: 530 ± 3 DEG C, tension leveling in stretching straightener after quenching, restrained stretching rate: 2.0%.Then 175 ± 5 DEG C of timeliness 8 hours, obtain finished product.Mensuration mechanical property and the coarse grain ring degree of depth is carried out according to sampling of the present invention and Specimen Determination method.Measurement result is as shown in table 4, and table 4 is the performance data table of 6061 alloys prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 5 ~ 8.
Table 4 is the performance data table of 6061 alloys prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 5 ~ 8
Claims (10)
1. 6061 alloys, comprising:
2. 6061 alloys according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the content of described Fe is 0.52wt% ~ 0.68wt%.
3. 6061 alloys according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the content of described Fe is 0.54wt% ~ 0.66wt%.
4. 6061 alloys according to claim 3, is characterized in that, the content of described Fe is 0.56wt% ~ 0.64wt%.
5. 6061 alloys according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the content of described Cr is 0.27wt% ~ 0.33wt%.
6. 6061 alloys according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the content of described Cr is 0.28wt% ~ 0.32wt%.
7. 6061 alloys according to claim 6, is characterized in that, the content of described Cr is 0.29wt% ~ 0.31wt%.
8. 6061 alloys according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the content of described Cu is 0.26wt% ~ 0.38wt%.
9. 6061 alloys according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the coarse grain ring of described 6061 alloys is below 3mm.
10. a preparation method for 6061 alloys as claimed in claim 1, comprising:
Si source, Fe source, Cu source, Mn source, Mg source, Cr source, Zn source, Ti source and Al source are obtained 6061 alloys through melting, casting, ingot casting heating, extruding, quenching, artificial aging.
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| CN105400973A (en) * | 2015-10-26 | 2016-03-16 | 广东和胜工业铝材股份有限公司 | Production control method for aluminum alloy product |
| CN105838943A (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2016-08-10 | 广西南南铝加工有限公司 | Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy and extrusion method for sectional bar of Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy |
| CN116287899A (en) * | 2023-03-24 | 2023-06-23 | 北京欧力普城市科技有限公司 | Aluminum alloy for lamp post and preparation method thereof |
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| CN101417388A (en) * | 2008-12-12 | 2009-04-29 | 江苏大学 | Preparation method of light high-intensity aluminum base home-position composite material for cable bridge frame |
| CN101705396B (en) * | 2009-12-14 | 2011-06-08 | 南京信息工程大学 | Aluminum-based bearing compound material and preparation method thereof |
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| CN105838943A (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2016-08-10 | 广西南南铝加工有限公司 | Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy and extrusion method for sectional bar of Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy |
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