CN104393682A - Low-voltage power failure monitoring terminal and low-voltage circuit board - Google Patents
Low-voltage power failure monitoring terminal and low-voltage circuit board Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000010277 constant-current charging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 nickel metal hydride Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种低压停电监测终端，用于监测配电线路三相电压掉电情况以提示给远端主站系统掉电信息，包括用于获取配电线路相电电压的电源，为所述的低压停电监测终端的功能板提供工作电压，装设于所述电源与功能板之间的电源管理电路，用于控制所述电源对功能板的充电和放电，所述的电源管理电路是由超级电容器C1、恒流充电电路S1和开关晶体管D1组成，其中在台区配电线路上电和掉电的情况下，超级电容器C1分别进行充电和放电，支持功能板的工作电源，通过恒流充电电路S1为超级电容器C1提供恒流充电电流，通过开关晶体管D1防止产生电流环流回路。本发明还公开了一种低压电路板。
The invention discloses a low-voltage power failure monitoring terminal, which is used to monitor the power failure of the three-phase voltage of the distribution line to prompt the power failure information of the remote main station system, including a power supply for obtaining the phase voltage of the distribution line. The function board of the low-voltage power outage monitoring terminal described above provides operating voltage, and the power management circuit installed between the power supply and the function board is used to control the charging and discharging of the power supply to the function board. The power management circuit is It is composed of a supercapacitor C1, a constant current charging circuit S1 and a switching transistor D1. In the case of power-on and power-off of the distribution line in the station area, the supercapacitor C1 is charged and discharged respectively to support the working power of the function board. The current charging circuit S1 provides a constant current charging current for the supercapacitor C1, and prevents a current circulation loop through the switching transistor D1. The invention also discloses a low-voltage circuit board.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明实施例涉及一种支持在无外部供电时上报告警的低压停电监测终端。The embodiment of the present invention relates to a low-voltage power failure monitoring terminal that supports reporting an alarm when there is no external power supply.
背景技术Background technique
在配网抢修工作中，近70％的故障来自低压380V侧，而通过目前的监测手段是无法判断低压停电的位置，电力局无法及时了解低压用户的停电情况，往往在接到用户投诉以后才知道该用户停电，从而降低了服务质量，增大了用户的投诉率。In the distribution network emergency repair work, nearly 70% of the faults come from the low-voltage 380V side, and the current monitoring method cannot determine the location of the low-voltage power outage. It is known that the user has a power outage, thereby reducing the service quality and increasing the user's complaint rate.
为及时了解低压用户的停电状况，通常会在低压用户端安装配电变压器监测终端，利用其内置的备用电源实现停电故障报警。现在常用的备用电源是可充电锂电池或镍氢电池。但由于电池管理电路的不合理、环境温度的影响以及电池的自身寿命受限，在1～2年之后该电池的容量将大大衰减，甚至无法支持公变终端持续1～5分钟的运行，也就影响了配电变压器监测终端功能的实现。因此现有的管理制度要求每隔1～2年就需要更换备用电池，这一方面增加了维护工作量，另一方面也大大增加了维护成本。In order to keep abreast of the power failure status of low-voltage users, distribution transformer monitoring terminals are usually installed at the low-voltage user end, and the built-in backup power supply is used to realize power failure alarms. Now commonly used backup power is rechargeable lithium batteries or nickel metal hydride batteries. However, due to the unreasonable battery management circuit, the influence of ambient temperature and the limited life of the battery itself, the capacity of the battery will be greatly reduced after 1 to 2 years, and it will not even be able to support the continuous operation of the public transformer terminal for 1 to 5 minutes. It affects the realization of the distribution transformer monitoring terminal function. Therefore, the existing management system requires that the backup battery needs to be replaced every 1 to 2 years, which increases the maintenance workload on the one hand, and greatly increases the maintenance cost on the other hand.
此外，镍氢电池和锂电池的标称工作温度范围仅有-20℃—60℃，在夏季高温条件下，户外现场的温度将会超过该标称工作温度范围，在某些恶劣情况下，锂电池会产生高温鼓肚甚至爆裂等情况，从而大大影响了配电变压器监测终端的使用安全性。In addition, the nominal operating temperature range of nickel-metal hydride batteries and lithium batteries is only -20°C to 60°C. Under high temperature conditions in summer, the outdoor site temperature will exceed the nominal operating temperature range. Lithium batteries will produce high-temperature bulging or even bursting, which greatly affects the safety of the distribution transformer monitoring terminal.
另一方面，配电变压器监测终端成本较高，体积较大，一般只能安装在配电变压器侧，无法安装在楼道的表箱处。因此只能对整个台区的供电状况进行管理，无法对每个楼道甚至每个用户进行管理，其管理力度无法满足主动服务的要求。On the other hand, the distribution transformer monitoring terminal is expensive and bulky, and generally can only be installed on the side of the distribution transformer, and cannot be installed at the meter box in the corridor. Therefore, it can only manage the power supply status of the entire station area, but cannot manage each corridor or even each user, and its management strength cannot meet the requirements of active services.
发明内容Contents of the invention
低压停电监测终端，用于监测配电线路三相电压掉电情况以提示给远端主站系统掉电信息，包括用于获取配电线路相电电压的电源，为所述的低压停电监测终端的功能板提供工作电压，其进一步包括装设于所述电源与功能板之间的电源管理电路，用于控制所述电源对功能板的充电和放电，所述的电源管理电路是由超级电容器C1、恒流充电电路S1和开关晶体管D1组成，其中在台区配电线路上电和掉电的情况下，超级电容器C1分别进行充电和放电，支持功能板的工作电源，通过恒流充电电路S1为超级电容器C1提供恒流充电电流，通过开关晶体管D1防止产生电流环流回路。The low-voltage power failure monitoring terminal is used to monitor the power failure of the three-phase voltage of the distribution line to prompt the remote main station system power failure information, including the power supply used to obtain the phase voltage of the distribution line, which is the low-voltage power failure monitoring terminal The functional board provides working voltage, which further includes a power management circuit installed between the power supply and the functional board, for controlling the charging and discharging of the functional board by the power supply, and the power management circuit is composed of a supercapacitor C1, constant current charging circuit S1 and switching transistor D1, in which the supercapacitor C1 is charged and discharged respectively in the case of power-on and power-off of the power distribution in the station area, to support the working power of the function board, through the constant-current charging circuit S1 provides a constant charging current for the supercapacitor C1, and prevents a current circulation loop through the switching transistor D1.
在一个实施例中，所述开关晶体管D1设置为多级二极管，被配置为将超级电容器C1的输出电压低于电源电压，使得在台区配网线路上电的情况下通过主电源对所述功能板进行供电。In one embodiment, the switching transistor D1 is set as a multi-stage diode, configured to reduce the output voltage of the supercapacitor C1 to be lower than the power supply voltage, so that the main power supply to the The function board is powered.
在一个实施例中，所述的恒流充电电路包括一个连接所述电源与超级电容器C1之间的钳位电路，被配置为在台区配网线路出现跳变的情况下将提供给所述超级电容器C1的电流控制在恒定值。In one embodiment, the constant current charging circuit includes a clamping circuit connected between the power supply and the supercapacitor C1, which is configured to provide the The current of the supercapacitor C1 is controlled at a constant value.
在另一个实施例中，提供一种低压电路板，连接配电线路三相电压，包括：连接配电线路三相电压的电源板，将三相电源转换为低压供电电压；功能板，用于监测配电线路三相电压掉电情况以提示给远端主站系统掉电信息；以及连接于所述电源与功能板之间的辅助电源板，其供电端P连接电源板的输出Vdc，零线端N连接电源板的接地端GND，此辅助电源板控制所述电源对功能板的充电和放电。In another embodiment, a low-voltage circuit board is provided, which is connected to the three-phase voltage of the distribution line, including: a power supply board connected to the three-phase voltage of the distribution line, which converts the three-phase power supply into a low-voltage power supply voltage; a function board for Monitor the three-phase voltage power failure of the distribution line to prompt the remote main station system power failure information; and the auxiliary power board connected between the power supply and the function board, the power supply terminal P is connected to the output Vdc of the power board, zero The terminal N is connected to the ground terminal GND of the power board, and the auxiliary power board controls the charging and discharging of the power supply to the function board.
在一个实施例中，所述辅助电源板是由超级电容器C1、恒流充电电路S1和开关晶体管D1组成，其中在台区配电线路上电和掉电的情况下，超级电容器C1分别进行充电和放电，支持功能板的工作电源，通过恒流充电电路S1为超级电容器C1提供恒流充电电流，通过开关晶体管D1防止产生电流环流回路。In one embodiment, the auxiliary power supply board is composed of a supercapacitor C1, a constant current charging circuit S1 and a switching transistor D1, wherein the supercapacitor C1 is charged separately when the station area power distribution is powered on and powered off And discharge, support the working power of the function board, provide constant current charging current for the supercapacitor C1 through the constant current charging circuit S1, and prevent the current circulation loop through the switching transistor D1.
在一个实施例中，所述超级电容器C1的容量是根据功能板的功耗不同而变化。In one embodiment, the capacity of the supercapacitor C1 varies according to the power consumption of the functional board.
在另一个实施例中，低压停电监测终端，用于监测配电线路三相电压掉电情况以提示给远端主站系统掉电信息，包括用于获取配电线路相电电压的电源，为所述的低压停电监测终端的功能板提供工作电压，进一步包括：装设于所述电源与功能板之间的电源管理电路，用于控制所述电源对功能板的充电和放电；以及通信端，通过专用无线网络与远端主站系统建立连接。In another embodiment, the low-voltage power outage monitoring terminal is used to monitor the power failure of the three-phase voltage of the distribution line to prompt the remote master station system power failure information, including a power supply for obtaining the phase voltage of the distribution line, which is The functional board of the low-voltage power outage monitoring terminal provides working voltage, and further includes: a power management circuit installed between the power supply and the functional board, used to control the charging and discharging of the functional board by the power supply; and a communication terminal , establish a connection with the remote master station system through a dedicated wireless network.
在一个实施例中，所述的电源管理电路是由超级电容器C1、恒流充电电路S1和开关晶体管D1组成，其中在台区配电线路上电和掉电的情况下，超级电容器C1分别进行充电和放电，支持功能板的工作电源，通过恒流充电电路S1为超级电容器C1提供恒流充电电流，通过开关晶体管D1防止产生电流环流回路。在一个实施例中，所述超级电容器C1的容量是根据低压停电监测终端的功耗不同而变化。In one embodiment, the power management circuit is composed of a supercapacitor C1, a constant current charging circuit S1 and a switching transistor D1, wherein the supercapacitor C1 performs Charge and discharge, support the working power of the function board, provide a constant current charging current for the supercapacitor C1 through the constant current charging circuit S1, and prevent the current circulation loop through the switching transistor D1. In one embodiment, the capacity of the supercapacitor C1 varies according to the power consumption of the low-voltage outage monitoring terminal.
本发明低压停电监测终端摈弃了配电变压器监测终端的镍氢电池或锂电池，以超级电容代之。超级电容是一种介于传统电容器与电池之间的、具有特殊性能的电源，主要依靠双电层和氧化还原电容电荷储存电能。但在其储能的过程中并不发生化学反应，这种储能过程是可逆的。因此超级电容具有功率密度高、充放电时间短、循环寿命长、工作温度范围宽等明显的优势。The low-voltage power outage monitoring terminal of the present invention discards the nickel-hydrogen battery or lithium battery of the distribution transformer monitoring terminal, and replaces it with a super capacitor. A supercapacitor is a power supply with special performance between a traditional capacitor and a battery. It mainly relies on the electric double layer and redox capacitance to store electrical energy. However, no chemical reaction occurs in the process of its energy storage, and this energy storage process is reversible. Therefore, supercapacitors have obvious advantages such as high power density, short charge and discharge time, long cycle life, and wide operating temperature range.
本发明将超级电容代替可充电锂电池、镍氢电池，具有如下一些优点：(1)大大提高了低压停电监测终端电源的使用寿命，实现了备用电源的真正免维护，从而大幅度降低公变终端现场维护的工作量和维护成本；(2)提高了低压停电监测终端的工作温度范围，超级电容的标称工作温度可达到-25℃～60℃，且不存在高温鼓肚爆裂等问题，从而大大提高了低压停电监测终端的运行安全性。The present invention replaces rechargeable lithium batteries and nickel-metal hydride batteries with supercapacitors, and has the following advantages: (1) The service life of the low-voltage power outage monitoring terminal power supply is greatly improved, and the backup power supply is truly maintenance-free, thereby greatly reducing the utility voltage The workload and maintenance cost of on-site maintenance of the terminal; (2) The working temperature range of the low-voltage power outage monitoring terminal has been increased. Therefore, the operation safety of the low-voltage power outage monitoring terminal is greatly improved.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明低压停电监测终端的结构原理示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure and principle of the low-voltage power outage monitoring terminal of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
参照图1，低压停电监测终端是用于监测配电线路三相电压掉电情况以提示给远端主站系统掉电信息，包括用于获取配电线路相电电压的电源1，为所述的低压停电监测终端的功能板2提供工作电压Vdc，其进一步包括装设于所述电源1与功能板2之间的电源管理电路，用于控制所述电源对功能板的充电和放电。Referring to Fig. 1, the low-voltage power failure monitoring terminal is used to monitor the power failure of the three-phase voltage of the distribution line to prompt the remote master station system power failure information, including a power supply 1 for obtaining the phase voltage of the distribution line, which is the The function board 2 of the low-voltage power outage monitoring terminal provides an operating voltage Vdc, which further includes a power management circuit installed between the power supply 1 and the function board 2, and is used to control the charging and discharging of the power supply to the function board.
在一个实施例中，所述的电源管理电路是由超级电容器C1、恒流充电电路S1和开关晶体管D1组成，其中在台区配电线路上电和掉电的情况下，超级电容器C1分别进行充电和放电，支持功能板的工作电源，通过恒流充电电路S1为超级电容器C1提供恒流充电电流，通过开关晶体管D1防止产生电流环流回路，其中：In one embodiment, the power management circuit is composed of a supercapacitor C1, a constant current charging circuit S1 and a switching transistor D1, wherein the supercapacitor C1 performs Charging and discharging, supporting the working power of the functional board, providing a constant charging current for the supercapacitor C1 through the constant current charging circuit S1, and preventing the current circulation loop through the switching transistor D1, wherein:
超级电容器(C1)：用以储存台区配网线路停电后支持低压停电监测终端运行的能量，超级电容器(C1)的容量需由低压停电监测终端的功耗决定，要求能在台区停电后至少能支持低压停电监测终端运行1分钟；Supercapacitor (C1): used to store energy to support the operation of the low-voltage power outage monitoring terminal after the power outage of the distribution network line in the station area. The capacity of the super capacitor (C1) needs to be determined by the power consumption of the low-voltage power outage monitoring terminal. At least it can support the operation of the low-voltage power outage monitoring terminal for 1 minute;
恒流充电电路(S1)：为超级电容提供恒定充电电流，避免电网配电线路上电时冲击电流过大影响低压停电监测终端的正常运行；Constant current charging circuit (S1): Provides a constant charging current for the supercapacitor, avoiding excessive impact current when the grid distribution line is powered on and affecting the normal operation of the low-voltage power outage monitoring terminal;
并联二极管(D1)：实现与电源1的并联，避免产生电流的环流。在实际使用中，D1可由多个二极管串联而成，使得超级电容器输出电压略低于主电源，以保证在正常情况下由主电源供电。Parallel diode (D1): Realize parallel connection with power supply 1 to avoid current circulation. In actual use, D1 can be composed of multiple diodes in series, so that the output voltage of the supercapacitor is slightly lower than the main power supply, so as to ensure that it is powered by the main power supply under normal conditions.
在一个实施例中，所述开关晶体管D1设置为多级二极管，被配置为将超级电容器C1的输出电压低于电源电压，使得在台区配网线路上电的情况下通过主电源对所述功能板进行供电。In one embodiment, the switching transistor D1 is set as a multi-stage diode, configured to reduce the output voltage of the supercapacitor C1 to be lower than the power supply voltage, so that the main power supply to the The function board is powered.
在一个实施例中，所述的恒流充电电路包括一个连接所述电源与超级电容器C1之间的钳位电路，被配置为在台区配网线路出现跳变的情况下将提供给所述超级电容器C1的电流控制在恒定值。In one embodiment, the constant current charging circuit includes a clamping circuit connected between the power supply and the supercapacitor C1, which is configured to provide the The current of the supercapacitor C1 is controlled at a constant value.
在另一个实施例中，提供一种低压电路板，连接配电线路三相电压，包括：连接配电线路三相电压的电源板，将三相电源转换为低压供电电压；功能板，用于监测配电线路三相电压掉电情况以提示给远端主站系统掉电信息；以及连接于所述电源与功能板之间的辅助电源板，其供电端P连接电源板的输出Vdc，零线端N连接电源板的接地端GND，此辅助电源板控制所述电源对功能板的充电和放电。In another embodiment, a low-voltage circuit board is provided, which is connected to the three-phase voltage of the distribution line, including: a power supply board connected to the three-phase voltage of the distribution line, which converts the three-phase power supply into a low-voltage power supply voltage; a function board for Monitor the three-phase voltage power failure of the distribution line to prompt the remote main station system power failure information; and the auxiliary power board connected between the power supply and the function board, the power supply terminal P is connected to the output Vdc of the power board, zero The terminal N is connected to the ground terminal GND of the power board, and the auxiliary power board controls the charging and discharging of the power supply to the function board.
在一个实施例中，所述辅助电源板是由超级电容器C1、恒流充电电路S1和开关晶体管D1组成，其中在台区配电线路上电和掉电的情况下，超级电容器C1分别进行充电和放电，支持功能板的工作电源，通过恒流充电电路S1为超级电容器C1提供恒流充电电流，通过开关晶体管D1防止产生电流环流回路。In one embodiment, the auxiliary power supply board is composed of a supercapacitor C1, a constant current charging circuit S1 and a switching transistor D1, wherein the supercapacitor C1 is charged separately when the station area power distribution is powered on and powered off And discharge, support the working power of the function board, provide constant current charging current for the supercapacitor C1 through the constant current charging circuit S1, and prevent the current circulation loop through the switching transistor D1.
在一个实施例中，所述超级电容器C1的容量是根据功能板的功耗不同而变化。在另一个实施例中，低压停电监测终端，用于监测配电线路三相电压掉电情况以提示给远端主站系统掉电信息，包括用于获取配电线路相电电压的电源，为所述的低压停电监测终端的功能板提供工作电压，进一步包括：装设于所述电源与功能板之间的电源管理电路，用于控制所述电源对功能板的充电和放电；以及通信端，通过专用无线网络与远端主站系统建立连接。In one embodiment, the capacity of the supercapacitor C1 varies according to the power consumption of the functional board. In another embodiment, the low-voltage power outage monitoring terminal is used to monitor the power failure of the three-phase voltage of the distribution line to prompt the remote master station system power failure information, including a power supply for obtaining the phase voltage of the distribution line, which is The functional board of the low-voltage power outage monitoring terminal provides working voltage, and further includes: a power management circuit installed between the power supply and the functional board, used to control the charging and discharging of the functional board by the power supply; and a communication terminal , establish a connection with the remote master station system through a dedicated wireless network.
在一个实施例中，所述的电源管理电路是由超级电容器C1、恒流充电电路S1和开关晶体管D1组成，其中在台区配电线路上电和掉电的情况下，超级电容器C1分别进行充电和放电，支持功能板的工作电源，通过恒流充电电路S1为超级电容器C1提供恒流充电电流，通过开关晶体管D1防止产生电流环流回路。如图1所示，低压停电监测管理终端内部，超级电容的充放电管理模块的P端与主电源的输出Vdc相连，N端与主电源的地GND相连，输入电源端BK与电源1的Vcc端相连，从而实现了超级电容器C1的充放电管理模块与主电源的并联使用。在上电后，电源1首先通过恒流充电电路(S1)对超级电容(C1)进行充电。而在台区配网线路停电后，则超级电容器(C1)通过二极管(D1)实现对低压停电监测管理终端功能板的供电。In one embodiment, the power management circuit is composed of a supercapacitor C1, a constant current charging circuit S1 and a switching transistor D1, wherein the supercapacitor C1 performs Charge and discharge, support the working power of the function board, provide a constant current charging current for the supercapacitor C1 through the constant current charging circuit S1, and prevent the current circulation loop through the switching transistor D1. As shown in Figure 1, inside the low-voltage power outage monitoring management terminal, the P terminal of the charging and discharging management module of the supercapacitor is connected to the output Vdc of the main power supply, the N terminal is connected to the ground GND of the main power supply, and the input power supply terminal BK is connected to the Vcc of the power supply 1 Terminals are connected, thereby realizing the parallel use of the charge and discharge management module of the supercapacitor C1 and the main power supply. After being powered on, the power supply 1 first charges the supercapacitor (C1) through the constant current charging circuit (S1). And after the power failure of the distribution network line in the station area, the supercapacitor (C1) realizes the power supply to the function board of the low-voltage power failure monitoring management terminal through the diode (D1).
在一个实施例中，所述超级电容器C1的容量是根据低压停电监测终端的功耗不同而变化。In one embodiment, the capacity of the supercapacitor C1 varies according to the power consumption of the low-voltage outage monitoring terminal.
低压停电监测终端与远端配网管理主站系统配合使用，低压停电监测终端实时监测三相相电压，一旦发现有一相或多相电压失电，则及时将用电现场的失电状态上报给配网管理主站系统。配网管理主站系统根据低压停电监测终端上行的信息，结合配网拓扑分析实现故障定位。并将故障分析结果进行发布及维修派工，实现主动服务。The low-voltage power outage monitoring terminal is used in conjunction with the remote distribution network management master station system. The low-voltage power outage monitoring terminal monitors the three-phase phase voltage in real time. Once one or more phase voltages are found to be out of power, the power outage status of the power consumption site will be reported to the Distribution network management master station system. The distribution network management master station system realizes fault location based on the uplink information of the low-voltage power outage monitoring terminal, combined with distribution network topology analysis. Release the failure analysis results and dispatch maintenance workers to achieve active service.
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