CN104393301A - Electrode of alkaline battery - Google Patents
Electrode of alkaline battery Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104393301A CN104393301A CN201410542689.0A CN201410542689A CN104393301A CN 104393301 A CN104393301 A CN 104393301A CN 201410542689 A CN201410542689 A CN 201410542689A CN 104393301 A CN104393301 A CN 104393301A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- anode
- cathode
- electrode
- alkaline
- zinc
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/60—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of organic compounds
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention relates to an electrode of an alkaline battery, which comprises an anode and a cathode, a separator arranged between the anode and the cathode, an alkaline electrolyte, an anode current collector and a gel; the cathode comprises cathode active materials of manganese dioxide, hydroxyl nickel oxide and conductive carbon particles; the anode is zinc or zinc alloy and graphite.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of batteries, and particularly relates to an electrode of an alkaline battery.
Background
A disposable alkaline battery includes an anode, a cathode, an electrolyte permeable separator between the anode and the cathode, and an alkaline electrolyte. The anode comprises an anode active material, now predominantly zinc or zinc alloy particles and a conventional gelling agent for fixing the zinc particles in suspension so that the zinc particles can contact each other, an anode current collector inserted into the gelled zinc electrode, an alkaline electrolyte, typically an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide, also sodium hydroxide or lithium hydroxide, and a cathode comprising a cathode active material comprising manganese dioxide or nickel oxyhydroxide or mixtures thereof and a conductive additive such as graphite and the like.
The current disposable alkaline batteries are limited by commercial models, the capacity in the batteries is fixed, in order to increase the battery capacity, i.e. the service life of the batteries or the higher power consumption of the batteries to meet the requirements of some high-power electric appliances, the method of increasing the interfacial surface area of the electrode active materials and increasing the active materials in the batteries are generally adopted, and the method of increasing the density of the active materials generally cannot meet the requirements of high power because the electrochemical reaction rate is reduced in the discharging process due to the increase of the density after the density of the active materials reaches a certain degree.
Another problem of the zinc-manganese disposable alkaline batteries which are mainly used at present is that the batteries have a characteristic inclined voltage characteristic, that is, the average operating voltage of the batteries gradually decreases when the batteries are discharged, and the voltage decreases at a significant rate when the batteries are consumed at a high power, so that the actual battery capacity of the zinc-manganese batteries obtained at a high power is smaller than that of the batteries at a low power consumption, and thus the zinc-manganese batteries are not suitable for high power consumption electric appliances such as cameras and the like. In order to realize disposable alkaline batteries that can be used at high power, disposable alkaline batteries have been produced mainly using nickel oxyhydroxide as a cathode active material or using nickel oxyhydroxide and manganese dioxide in a weight ratio of 1: 1 as a cathode active material, but nickel oxyhydroxide is much more costly than manganese dioxide.
After the existing disposable alkaline battery is used, whether manganese dioxide or nickel oxyhydroxide is used as a cathode active material, 15-25% of zinc in the original weight in the anode of the battery is not reacted and is discarded. It has been found that the problem for this reason is not that the proportion of zinc is not discharged by reaction but that when the proportion of zinc in the battery reaches to such a proportion, the chemical reaction rate decreases due to the increase in resistance in the battery and the amount of electricity generated is not practically used, and such unusable batteries still undergo a slow electrochemical reaction until the anode active material or the cathode active material in the battery is completely reacted.
Therefore, there is a need for a disposable alkaline battery that has a longer useful life at high power and more complete reaction of the materials within the battery.
Disclosure of Invention
The main object of the present invention is to reduce the production cost while ensuring that the disposable alkaline battery is suitable for high power consumption and has a service life similar to that of nickel oxyhydroxide as a cathode active material.
Another object of the present invention is to reduce the consumption of resources by allowing the cathode and anode active materials in the battery to react as thoroughly as possible at the end of the battery's life.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
all percentages referred to in the present invention are percentages by weight.
An electrode for an alkaline battery comprising an anode and a cathode, a separator between the anode and the cathode, an alkaline electrolyte, an anode current collector, a gel; the cathode comprises cathode active materials of manganese dioxide, metallic nickel, nickel oxyhydroxide and conductive carbon particles; the anode is zinc or zinc alloy, oxygen or aluminum oxide and graphite;
the graphite accounts for 15-20% of the weight of the anode; the cathode consists of 50-55 wt% of manganese dioxide, 10-15 wt% of nickel oxyhydroxide, 1-3 wt% of metallic nickel and 30-35 wt% of conductive carbon particles;
the concentration of the alkaline electrolyte aqueous solution is 53-60%; the gel accounts for 3% of the anode and the cathode respectively; the anode current collector is a hollow metal mesh, and the hollow metal mesh is 700-1200 meshes.
The anode of the alkaline battery contains 0.01-0.03% of metal or metal oxide for preventing hydrogen generation, wherein the metal or the metal oxide refers to one or two of bismuth, indium and germanium.
The aluminum or the aluminum oxide accounts for 0.15 to 0.3 percent.
The alkaline electrolyte is potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide or lithium hydroxide.
The hollow metal meshes are 800 meshes.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
by the technical scheme of the invention, a certain amount of graphite is added into the anode, so that the phenomenon that the oxide surface layer generated after the reaction of zinc in the anode obstructs the reaction speed and reduces the transmission speed of electrons at the later stage of the electrochemical reaction of the battery can be effectively prevented, the chemical reaction can be ensured to be carried out stably, and the voltage is ensured to be stable.
2, by using a small amount of nickel oxyhydroxide and metallic nickel in the cathode active material, the amount of nickel oxyhydroxide used in the prior art can be reduced while a certain amount of reaction rate can be increased, and the completeness of the reaction can be improved by using a high concentration of electrolyte.
Detailed Description
The technical contents of the present invention are described in detail below by way of specific embodiments, which are exemplary and are only used for explaining the contents of the present invention and are not construed as limiting the present invention.
The invention is realized by the following embodiments:
an electrode for an alkaline battery comprising an anode and a cathode, a separator between the anode and the cathode, an alkaline electrolyte, an anode current collector, a gel; the cathode comprises cathode active materials of manganese dioxide, metallic nickel, nickel oxyhydroxide and conductive carbon particles; the anode is zinc or zinc alloy, oxygen or aluminum oxide and graphite;
the graphite accounts for 15-20% of the weight of the anode; the cathode consists of 50-55 wt% of manganese dioxide, 10-15 wt% of nickel oxyhydroxide, 1-3 wt% of metallic nickel and 30-35 wt% of conductive carbon particles;
the concentration of the alkaline electrolyte aqueous solution is 53-60%; the gel accounts for 3% of the anode and the cathode respectively; the anode current collector is a hollow metal mesh, and the hollow metal mesh is 700-1200 meshes.
The anode of the alkaline battery contains 0.01-0.03% of metal or metal oxide for preventing hydrogen generation, wherein the metal or metal oxide refers to one or two of bismuth, indium and germanium.
The content of aluminum or aluminum oxide is 0.15-0.3%.
The alkaline electrolyte is potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide or lithium hydroxide.
The hollow metal mesh is 800 meshes.
Example one
In a specific embodiment of the invention, the zinc or zinc alloy in the anode is in the form of particles, which are roughly in two ways, one being particles of about 200 mesh and the other being particles of about 10-30 mesh, the ratio of these two types of particles being 3: 10-4: 10; 10-30 nano particles are adopted in the graphite accounting for 15% of the weight of the anode; 0.015% of aluminum or aluminum oxide is contained in the zinc or the zinc alloy; if the zinc metal is adopted in the embodiment, the aluminum is mixed in the mode of aluminum powder or alumina powder according to the content of the aluminum; if zinc alloy is used in the examples, it is added in proportion in the production of zinc alloy. The purpose of adding aluminum into zinc or zinc alloy is to inhibit the generation of hydrogen, the purpose of the proportion is to ensure that the content of aluminum in the electrolyte is 30-75ppm, if the content of aluminum in the electrolyte is lower than 30ppm, although the effect of inhibiting hydrogen is achieved to a certain extent, the hydrogen generated by the battery in the effective life of the battery cannot be ensured within an allowable range; if the content of aluminum in the electrolyte is more than 75ppm, the generation of hydrogen gas can be suppressed, but a part of the short circuit is caused, which affects the efficiency of the battery. In other embodiments of the present invention, the hydrogen suppressing agent may be one or two of bismuth, indium or germanium metal or metal oxide. In this example, the selected alkaline electrolyte is 53-60% potassium hydroxide aqueous solution, and the concentration of this selected alkaline electrolyte solution is higher than that of the electrolyte solution used in the prior art, which is 40-50%, through the analysis of the inventors, if the concentration of the used electrolyte is low, it is a factor that the voltage drops rapidly in the later stage of the battery life, and if the concentration of the electrolyte is too high, it will affect the efficiency of the battery in the initial stage, and through the research of the inventors, the efficiency of the battery can be best exerted when the concentration of the electrolyte is 60%.
The gel used in the present invention is the prior art and conventional ratio of 3%, and will not be explained in more detail here.
The anode current collector adopted in the invention adopts a hollow metal net, the mesh is 700-1200 meshes, preferably 800 meshes, and the hollow metal net with 800 meshes is adopted in the embodiment and the following embodiments.
The separator is a material for separating the anode and the cathode without change from the prior art.
The cathode consists of 51 percent of manganese dioxide, 15 percent of nickel oxyhydroxide, 1 percent of metallic nickel and 33 percent of conductive carbon particles in percentage by weight. The amount of the nickel oxyhydroxide used in the invention is 0.2-0.3 times of that of the prior art, the nickel oxyhydroxide can also achieve the purpose of improving the cathode reaction efficiency, and the technical improvement of the anode and the electrolyte of the technology is matched to realize that the battery can be suitable for high-power electrical appliances.
In this example, the anode current collector, separator, and gel used were the same as in the following examples, and are not repeated here. The following examples of the present invention are different from the present example only in the specific gravity of the material, and the rest are the same, and the materials having different proportions will be described in detail below.
Example two
In this embodiment, the anode active material is selected from metal zinc or zinc alloy, the proportion of graphite in the anode is 20%, the selected aluminum or aluminum oxide accounts for 0.025% of the amount of zinc, and one or two metals or metal oxides of bismuth, indium and germanium mentioned in the technical solution may also be selected; the cathode consists of 55 percent of manganese dioxide, 12 percent of hydroxyl nickel oxide, 3 percent of metallic nickel and 30 percent of conductive carbon particles according to weight percentage; in this embodiment, the conductive carbon particles are graphite. The alkaline electrolyte is 55% potassium hydroxide aqueous solution, and of course, sodium hydroxide or lithium hydroxide can be selected at this concentration to realize the present invention, but potassium hydroxide is preferred in terms of the efficiency and economy of the battery. The reason for choosing aluminum as the hydrogen inhibitor in the examples of the present invention is economical.
EXAMPLE III
In this embodiment, the anode active material is metal zinc or zinc alloy, the proportion of graphite in the anode is 18%, the selected aluminum or aluminum oxide accounts for 0.018% of the amount of zinc, and one or two metals or metal oxides of bismuth, indium and germanium in the technical solution may also be selected; the cathode active material comprises 52% of manganese dioxide, 13% of nickel oxyhydroxide and 2% of metallic nickel, and the conductive carbon particles in the cathode are 33% of graphite or other conductive carbon particles; the alkaline electrolyte is 53% potassium hydroxide aqueous solution, and of course, sodium hydroxide or lithium hydroxide can be selected at the concentration to realize the invention, but potassium hydroxide is preferred from the aspects of battery efficiency and economy.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. An electrode for an alkaline cell comprising an anode and a cathode, a separator between the anode and the cathode, an alkaline electrolyte, an anode current collector, a gel; the method is characterized in that: the cathode comprises cathode active materials of manganese dioxide, metallic nickel, nickel oxyhydroxide and conductive carbon particles; the anode is zinc or zinc alloy, oxygen or aluminum oxide and graphite;
the graphite accounts for 15-20% of the weight of the anode; the cathode consists of 50 to 55 weight percent of manganese dioxide, 10 to 15 weight percent of nickel oxyhydroxide, 1 to 3 weight percent of metallic nickel and 30 to 35 weight percent of conductive carbon particles;
the concentration of the alkaline electrolyte aqueous solution is 53-60%; the gel accounts for 3% of the anode and the cathode respectively; the anode current collector is a hollow metal mesh, and the hollow metal mesh is 700-1200 meshes.
2. The electrode for an alkaline battery as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the anode of the alkaline battery contains 0.01-0.03% of metal or metal oxide for preventing hydrogen generation, wherein the metal or the metal oxide refers to one or two of bismuth, indium and germanium.
3. The electrode for an alkaline battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electrode comprises, in weight percent: the aluminum or the aluminum oxide accounts for 0.15 to 0.3 percent.
4. The electrode for an alkaline battery as defined in claim 1, wherein: the alkaline electrolyte is potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide or lithium hydroxide.
5. The electrode for an alkaline battery as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the hollow metal meshes are 800 meshes.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410542689.0A CN104393301A (en) | 2014-10-14 | 2014-10-14 | Electrode of alkaline battery |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410542689.0A CN104393301A (en) | 2014-10-14 | 2014-10-14 | Electrode of alkaline battery |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104393301A true CN104393301A (en) | 2015-03-04 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410542689.0A Pending CN104393301A (en) | 2014-10-14 | 2014-10-14 | Electrode of alkaline battery |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1982222A (en) * | 2005-10-03 | 2007-06-20 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | Nickel oxyhydroxide, manufacturing method therefor, and alkaline primary battery |
| CN102856529A (en) * | 2012-09-14 | 2013-01-02 | 黄宣斐 | Electrode material for disposable alkaline battery |
| CN102867961A (en) * | 2012-09-14 | 2013-01-09 | 黄宣斐 | Electrode material for disposable alkaline battery |
| CN102891286A (en) * | 2012-09-21 | 2013-01-23 | 虞伟财 | Electrode for disposable alkaline cell |
-
2014
- 2014-10-14 CN CN201410542689.0A patent/CN104393301A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1982222A (en) * | 2005-10-03 | 2007-06-20 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | Nickel oxyhydroxide, manufacturing method therefor, and alkaline primary battery |
| CN102856529A (en) * | 2012-09-14 | 2013-01-02 | 黄宣斐 | Electrode material for disposable alkaline battery |
| CN102867961A (en) * | 2012-09-14 | 2013-01-09 | 黄宣斐 | Electrode material for disposable alkaline battery |
| CN102891286A (en) * | 2012-09-21 | 2013-01-23 | 虞伟财 | Electrode for disposable alkaline cell |
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Application publication date: 20150304 |