CN104390844A - Method for testing tensile strength of rock at random schistosity angle through single rock sample - Google Patents
Method for testing tensile strength of rock at random schistosity angle through single rock sample Download PDFInfo
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- CN104390844A CN104390844A CN201410687741.1A CN201410687741A CN104390844A CN 104390844 A CN104390844 A CN 104390844A CN 201410687741 A CN201410687741 A CN 201410687741A CN 104390844 A CN104390844 A CN 104390844A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for testing tensile strength of a rock at a random schistosity angle through a single rock sample. The method comprises the following steps: 1. preparing a to-be-tested rock sample, wherein the schistosity direction of the rock sample can be parallel to the axial direction of the rock sample; 2. selecting a schistosity included angle between the rock sample and rock sample schistosity, carrying out splitting test for the first time along the direction of the rock sample schistosity; 3. cementing the split rock sample; 4. exchanging a non-cement position, selecting different included angles between the rock sample and the rock sample schistosity again, and carrying out splitting test for the second time; and 5. cementing the split rock sample, and repeating the steps 4 and 5, thus obtaining the maximal loading force when any required rock sample with an included angle with the rock sample schistosity is split and destroyed. According to the method for testing the tensile strength of the rock at the random schistosity angle through the single rock sample disclosed by the invention, the tensile strength of the required rock with the random schistosity angle can be obtained by carrying out splitting test on one rock sample or a small number of rock samples; the quantity of rock sample specimens is greatly reduced; and the errors in test results caused by discrete rock samples are reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Tensile Strength of Rock and measure field, particularly a kind of test method being surveyed Tensile Strength of Rock under any schistosity angle by single rock sample.
Background technology
In underground engineering design and construction, the tensile strength of rock is a very important mechanical index.Underground engineering wall rock body is often in complicated stress state, the such as country rock body of railway tunnel, vcehicular tunnel, engineering slope and underground works cavern, some places are in drawing stress state, some positions are then in compressing stress state, because the tensile strength of rock is far below compressive strength, so country rock always destroys from Tension Stress Zone.Therefore, correctly carry out underground country rock body stress state region and divide, the determination namely destroying explosive area is the key of underground engineering wall rock Stability Evaluation, and Tensile Strength of Rock is one of basic data determining surrounding rock failure of engineering district.
Various structures face is often there is in rock mass, as: crack, schistosity, joint, bedding, tomography, zone of fracture etc. and various combination thereof, near these structural planes, cohesion between the rock particles of composition rock mass comparatively rockmass reduces, and the tensile strength of rock mass has larger difference under different angle of beddings.In Practical Project, beded rock mass anisotropy clearly, is the stability after Correct Analysis anisotropic rock mass excavation, accurately must grasps the tensile strength values of different schistosity angle rock mass.
At present, the indoor measurement method of Tensile Strength of Rock generally adopts uniaxial direct tensile method and split the law, in rock sample direct tensile test, due to clamping and ensure that tensile load axis to overlap with sample axis and has certain difficulty, uniaxial direct tensile method is adopted to carry out Tensile Strength of Rock test relatively less, and more generally adopt split the law, i.e. Brazilian test method, the tensile strength of indirect determination rock.No matter and adopt uniaxial direct tensile method or traditional Brazilian test method, be all measure its tensile strength by screening different natural schistosity angle rock samples when measuring different schistosity angle Tensile Strength of Rock.Thus, following two Problems existing are namely caused:
1, rock sample sample is tested large.For obtaining the rock sample of different natural angle schistosity, must carry out drilling through and screening of a large amount of sillar, this must cause the increase testing human and material resources and time cost.
2, schistosity angle rock sample acquisition difficulty is large arbitrarily.Natural rock body piece reason complex structure, be difficult to find several identical appointment schistosity angle rock sample to test, in most cases similar schistosity structure rock sample can only be classified as one group, this makes test error larger.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of test method being surveyed Tensile Strength of Rock under any schistosity angle by single rock sample, can reduce the demand for rock sample sample size, also can the accuracy of strengthen test result.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a kind of test method being surveyed Tensile Strength of Rock under any schistosity angle by single rock sample, is comprised the following steps:
One, rock sample to be measured is prepared;
If rock sample cylinder specimen, rock sample schistosity direction should be axially parallel with it;
Two, the selected schistosity angle with rock sample schistosity, does diametral compression test for the first time along rock sample schistosity direction;
Three, by cementing for the rock sample after splitting;
Four, change non-cementing position, reselect the different angles from rock sample schistosity, carry out second time diametral compression test;
Five, by cementing for the rock sample after splitting;
Repeat step 4, five, maximum load power when obtaining the rock sample cleavage fracture of arbitrary demand and rock sample schistosity angle.
Described rock sample ratio of height to diameter is 0.5 ~ 1, and rock sample two ends polish, and smooth-sided compression candles is without projection.
Taken out by the rock sample destroyed, pressing after uniform application cementing material on rock sample failure mechanics, make the basic tight of its surface of contact, both ends of the surface are guaranteed smooth, smooth-sided compression candles, treat its surface of contact glue consolidation;
Tensile strength after described cementing material consolidation should be tried one's best close to the tensile strength of rock sample to be measured.
Repeatedly measured result will substitute into rock cleavage test calculation of Tensile Strength formula:
Wherein: R is Tensile Strength of Rock, maximum load power when P is the rock failure mechanism of rock, D is cylinder specimen diameter, and h is circular height of specimen;
Or
Wherein: R is Tensile Strength of Rock, maximum load power when P is the rock failure mechanism of rock, a is the cube specimen length of side;
Obtain repeatedly surveyed Tensile Strength of Rock R
1, R
2r
n.
A kind of test method being surveyed Tensile Strength of Rock under any schistosity angle by single rock sample provided by the invention, measuring method of the present invention can obtain the tensile strength of any schistosity angle rock of demand by means of only carrying out diametral compression test to a rock sample or minority rock sample, have following beneficial effect:
1, rock sample sample size is greatly reduced.If classic method wants the tensile strength values obtaining different schistosity angle rock, then need the rock sample obtaining a large amount of different schistosity angle, the present invention is then the angle by adjustment splitting surface and rock sample schistosity, single or minority rock sample is repeatedly tested to the tensile strength values that can obtain different schistosity angle rocks.
2, the test findings error that rock sample discrete type causes is reduced.Different rock samples, even if drill through in same sillar, all may there is larger difference in its lithology, the error caused because lithology is different is inevitably there is in traditional by testing the method measuring different schistosity angle Tensile Strength of Rock to multiple rock sample, and the present invention only carries out revision test to a rock sample, greatly reduce the test findings error because rock sample discrete type causes.
3, the tensile strength values of rock under any schistosity angle is accurately obtained.The haircut of natural rock body piece is educated extremely complicated, the rock sample going for a certain specific schistosity angle is very difficult, the present invention is then by the angle between inside adjustment splitting surface and specific schistosity rock sample sheet, thus can the tensile strength values of point-device acquisition any schistosity angle rock.To sum up, the present invention compares classic method have obvious technological merit and extensive engineering application prospect for measuring the tensile strength of different schistosity angle schist.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described:
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of rock sample and rock sample schistosity in the present invention.
When Fig. 2 is repeated loading in the present invention, splitting surface chooses schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is that in the present invention, schematic diagram fixed by rock sample.
In figure: rock sample 1, splitting surface 2 for the first time, second time splitting surface 3, third time splitting surface the 4, four splitting surface 5, the N time splitting surface 6, diametral compression test device 7, pressure head 8, rock sample schistosity 9.
Embodiment
Surveyed a test method for Tensile Strength of Rock under any schistosity angle by single rock sample, comprise the following steps:
One, rock sample 1 to be measured is prepared;
If rock sample cylinder specimen, rock sample schistosity direction should be axially parallel with it; As shown in fig. 1.
Preferably, described rock sample 1 ratio of height to diameter is 0.5 ~ 1, and rock sample 1 two ends polish, and smooth-sided compression candles is without projection.
Two, the selected schistosity angle with rock sample schistosity 9, does diametral compression test for the first time along rock sample schistosity 9 direction;
After instrument to be tested and rock sample are ready to, rock sample is put into RMT-150C rock cleavage test unit 7 internal fixtion, cylindrical splitting place is its upper and lower two end faces, rotates rock sample and makes the plane of schistosity of its rock sample schistosity 9 and upper and lower filler strip 10 in required schistosity angle, such as, a in Fig. 1
1.Debugging is running test instrument also, and diametral compression test starts, until rock sample destroys, records maximum load power P when this rock sample 1 destroys
1.
Three, by cementing for the rock sample 1 after splitting;
Taken out by the rock sample destroyed, on rock sample failure mechanics, firmly pressing after uniform application cementing material, makes the basic tight of its surface of contact, and both ends of the surface are preserved smooth, smooth-sided compression candles, as far as possible rock sample is returned to state before destroying.Then place it on the desktop of dried flat, consolidation time, depending on consolidating material character and environment temperature, is generally got 12h and is advisable.Treat its surface of contact glue consolidation.The pre-stage test that inventor passes through finds, if do not adopt cementing mode, during repetition splitting, rock sample splitting surface can disconnect at previous splitting surface place, and splitting surface cannot run through whole rock sample cross section, after adopting cementing mode, ensure that the conduction of internal force and the recovery of its mechanical state during rock sample splitting.
Tensile strength after described cementing material consolidation should be tried one's best close to the tensile strength of rock sample 1 to be measured.
Four, change non-cementing position, reselect the different angles from rock sample schistosity 9, such as, a in Fig. 1
2, carry out second time diametral compression test;
Because each splitting surface does not repeat, and rock sample destroys only relevant with the tensile strength of splitting surface, and the cementing thickness in the cementing place of actual rock sample is about about 0.5mm, and rock sample diameter is 50mm, and cementing area accounts for whole splitting surface less than 1%.We define the factor of influence ξ=δ × λ of cement plane to experimental test result, wherein δ is that cementing place area accounts for whole splitting surface ratio, λ is cementing material and the tensile strength ratio of rock, due to δ < 1%, according to cementing material more little than difference with the tensile strength of rock, then it is very limited on the impact of result.In addition, consider the unevenness of schist, for reducing this impact, the splitting surface angle of twice splitting should be greater than 30 ° and be advisable.
Five, by cementing for the rock sample after splitting;
Repeat step 4, five, obtain arbitrary demand and rock sample schistosity 9 angle a
nrock sample cleavage fracture time maximum load power P
n.
Repeatedly measured result will substitute into rock cleavage test calculation of Tensile Strength formula:
Wherein: R is Tensile Strength of Rock, maximum load power when P is the rock failure mechanism of rock, D is cylinder specimen diameter, and h is circular height of specimen;
Or
Wherein: R is Tensile Strength of Rock, maximum load power when P is the rock failure mechanism of rock, a is the cube specimen length of side;
Obtain repeatedly surveyed Tensile Strength of Rock R
1, R
2r
n.
Subordinate list 1 is that traditional multiple rock sample contrasts with the measurement result of the single rock sample of the present invention different schistosity angle Tensile Strength of Rock (Mpa).
Note: scheme 1 is classic method, have chosen 5 pack reason angles, often group is 5 rock samples; Scheme 2 is experimental technique scheme of the present invention, and have chosen 5 schistosities and axially parallel rock sample, in upper table, result is the mean value of each group of measurement result.
As can be seen from the above table, under each schistosity angle, the test findings deviation of two kinds of methods is all below 10%, also demonstrate the accurate rationality of the technical program thus, in addition scheme 1 adopts 25, rock sample altogether, scheme 2 is 5, scheme 2 saves the rock sample of 80% than scheme 1, visible superiority in economy of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. surveyed a test method for Tensile Strength of Rock under any schistosity angle by single rock sample, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
One, rock sample to be measured (1) is prepared;
If rock sample cylinder specimen, rock sample schistosity direction should be axially parallel with it;
Two, the selected schistosity angle with rock sample schistosity (9), does diametral compression test for the first time along rock sample schistosity (9) direction;
Three, by cementing for the rock sample (1) after splitting;
Four, change non-cementing position, reselect the different angles from rock sample schistosity (9), carry out second time diametral compression test;
Five, by cementing for the rock sample after splitting;
Repeat step 4, five, maximum load power when obtaining the rock sample cleavage fracture of arbitrary demand and rock sample schistosity (9) angle.
2. a kind of test method being surveyed Tensile Strength of Rock under any schistosity angle by single rock sample according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described rock sample (1) ratio of height to diameter is 0.5 ~ 1, rock sample (1) two ends polish, and smooth-sided compression candles is without projection.
3. a kind of test method being surveyed Tensile Strength of Rock under any schistosity angle by single rock sample according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the rock sample destroyed is taken out, pressing after uniform application cementing material on rock sample failure mechanics, make the basic tight of its surface of contact, both ends of the surface are guaranteed smooth, smooth-sided compression candles, treats its surface of contact glue consolidation;
Tensile strength after described cementing material consolidation should be tried one's best close to the tensile strength of rock sample to be measured (1).
4. a kind of test method being surveyed Tensile Strength of Rock under any schistosity angle by single rock sample according to claim 1, be is characterized in that: repeatedly measured result will substitute into rock cleavage test calculation of Tensile Strength formula:
Wherein: R is Tensile Strength of Rock, maximum load power when P is the rock failure mechanism of rock, D is cylinder specimen diameter, and h is circular height of specimen;
Or
Wherein: R is Tensile Strength of Rock, maximum load power when P is the rock failure mechanism of rock, a is the cube specimen length of side; Obtain repeatedly surveyed Tensile Strength of Rock R
1, R
2r
n.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105606462A (en) * | 2016-01-01 | 2016-05-25 | 三峡大学 | Device and method for measuring rock sample shear strength indexes at different schistosity angles |
| CN106840880A (en) * | 2017-02-08 | 2017-06-13 | 河海大学 | The method that prismatical joint rockmass anisotropy characteristic is determined based on Brazilian diametral compression test |
| CN109342198A (en) * | 2018-09-14 | 2019-02-15 | 河海大学 | A kind of rock anisotropy judgment method based on load test |
| CN110174313A (en) * | 2019-04-28 | 2019-08-27 | 长江大学 | A kind of experimental measurement method and system of bedded rock interface tension rigidity |
| CN111141621A (en) * | 2020-01-17 | 2020-05-12 | 三峡大学 | Experimental device for measuring rock shear strength of single rock sample and using method |
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| CN105606462A (en) * | 2016-01-01 | 2016-05-25 | 三峡大学 | Device and method for measuring rock sample shear strength indexes at different schistosity angles |
| CN106840880A (en) * | 2017-02-08 | 2017-06-13 | 河海大学 | The method that prismatical joint rockmass anisotropy characteristic is determined based on Brazilian diametral compression test |
| CN109342198A (en) * | 2018-09-14 | 2019-02-15 | 河海大学 | A kind of rock anisotropy judgment method based on load test |
| CN110174313A (en) * | 2019-04-28 | 2019-08-27 | 长江大学 | A kind of experimental measurement method and system of bedded rock interface tension rigidity |
| CN111141621A (en) * | 2020-01-17 | 2020-05-12 | 三峡大学 | Experimental device for measuring rock shear strength of single rock sample and using method |
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