CN104386098A - Method for describing geographic information of rail transit line - Google Patents
Method for describing geographic information of rail transit line Download PDFInfo
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- CN104386098A CN104386098A CN201410645437.0A CN201410645437A CN104386098A CN 104386098 A CN104386098 A CN 104386098A CN 201410645437 A CN201410645437 A CN 201410645437A CN 104386098 A CN104386098 A CN 104386098A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for describing geographic information of a rail transit line. The method comprises the steps of constructing a data model for describing the geographic information of the rail transit line, wherein the data model is represented by an entity relationship diagram; converting the data model into a relation mode, wherein the relation mode meets the third normal form. According to the describing method provided by the invention, by the application of the relation data theory, the geographic information of the rail transit line is molded, so that the data model of a geographic information system is obtained; the data model is converted into the relation mode, so that the completeness of data is defined according to a completeness rule of the relation mode; the relation mode meeting the third normal form is obtained by applying the relation mode. The method is used for eliminating redundancy in the relation mode, so that interpolation, modification and deletion abnormities of the data can be avoided, and the completeness of the data is further guaranteed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of rail traffic, particularly a kind of describing method of rail line geography information.
Background technology
In recent years, in track traffic circulation control system field, communication-based train control system (Communication Based Train Control System, being called for short CBTC system) development is rapidly, in CBTC system, the calculating of driving license (Movement Authority is called for short MA) depends on geographic information system (Geographic Information System is called for short GIS) usually.Be applied to the GIS of CBTC system, usually comprise the geography information such as line topological information, trackside equipment coordinate information, the permanent speed limit of circuit, temporary speed limitation and the gradient.
Usual based on topological theory in GIS at present; by abstract for rail line be non-directed graph or digraph; using the divergence point (as track switch frog or switch blade) on circuit and segment segregation equipment (as wheel counting apparatus or insulation joint) as the node of figure, the circuit between node is as limit.Based on abstract digraph or non-directed graph, set up frame of axis, trackside equipment and relevant geography information are demarcated, and stores in the form of data, for CBTC system queries.
The geography information that GIS provides is the basic basis of CBTC system-computed MA, and the geography information of mistake may cause unexpected MA to produce, and therefore the integraty of GIS data will directly affect the safety of CBTC system.Be applied to the reason information description method adopted in the GIS of CBTC system at present, only consider the description to line topological, systematic method be there is no to the guarantee of data integrity, for system safety hides some dangers for.
Summary of the invention
Be applied in existing CBTC system to solve
gthe potential safety issue that the defect of IS in the completeness guarantee of geographic information data causes.
On the one hand, the invention provides a kind of describing method of rail line geography information, comprising:
Build the data model for describing rail line geography information, described data model adopts entity relationship diagram to represent;
Described data model is converted into relation schema, and described relation schema meets third normal form.
Optionally, described structure, for describing the step of rail line geographic information data model, comprising:
Described rail line is abstracted into digraph;
Using the track switch switch blade of described rail line or frog and line terminal as the track node of described digraph, connect the limit of two track nodes as the oriented section of the track in digraph;
The oriented section of described track associates two track nodes, is respectively top node and terminal node;
The oriented section of described track associates two track nodes, entity node respectively in corresponding described entity relationship diagram of described track node and the oriented section of described track and the oriented section of entity;
Corresponding relation between described entity node and the oriented section of described entity is multi-to-multi;
Described entity node and the oriented section of described entity all have numbering attribute.
Optionally, the oriented section of described track associates two track nodes and specifically comprises:
The oriented section of described track is using less one of kilometer post in associated two track nodes as top node, in associated two track nodes, larger one of kilometer post is as terminal node, and terminal node is pointed to by top node in the direction of the oriented section of described track.
Optionally, described geography information comprises track point information, the entity point information in the corresponding described entity relationship diagram of described track point information.
Optionally, described track point type information is included in the oriented section of track, to combine with kilometer post by the numbering of the oriented section of described entity and represent shown entity point information, the corresponding relation between the oriented section of described entity and described entity point information is one-to-many;
Described entity point information has numbering attribute.
Optionally, described track point information is corresponding with the trackside equipment in described rail line, and described trackside equipment is only described with uniline coordinate, comprises wheel counting apparatus, insulation joint, responser, beacon or signal.
Optionally, track segmentation information is also comprised in described geography information, described track segmentation information is between two circuit coordinates and has the land of exclusive path, comprise slope section, curve and the track section in described rail line, described track segmentation information starting point coordinate position and terminal point coordinate positional representation; Entity segmentation information in the corresponding described entity relationship diagram of described track segmentation information;
Corresponding relation between described entity segmentation information and described entity point information is multi-to-multi;
Described entity segmentation information has numbering attribute.
Optionally, the object described in described relation schema comprises the oriented section of entity, entity node, entity point information and entity segmentation information.
Optionally, the oriented section of described entity, entity node, entity point information and entity segmentation information all have primary key, and the oriented section of described entity, entity point information and entity segmentation information also have outer code.
Optionally, described relation schema has entity integrity, referential integrity, domain integrity and User Defined integrity constraint.
The describing method of rail line geography information provided by the invention, uses the Formalizing Theory of relation schema, is met the relation schema minimum system of third normal form.The method eliminates the redundancy in relation schema, the insertion of data, amendment, suppressing exception is avoided, further ensures the integraty of data.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of steps of the describing method of a kind of rail line geography information provided by the invention;
Fig. 2 is by abstract for the actual track traffic route method explanation for digraph in the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the geographic information data model built according to the describing method of rail line geography information provided by the invention;
Fig. 4 is actual track traffic route figure in embodiment one;
Fig. 5 be abstract according to actual track traffic route figure in embodiment one after digraph;
Fig. 6 is that embodiment one builds the geographic information data model obtained according to preferred version of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.Following examples for illustration of the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
Embodiment one
Present embodiments provide a kind of describing method of rail line geography information, flow chart of steps as shown in Figure 1, comprises the following steps:
Step S1, build data model for describing rail line geography information, data model adopts entity relationship diagram (Entity-Relationship Diagram is called for short E-R figure) to represent.
Step S2, data model is converted into relation schema, relation schema meets third normal form.
Wherein third normal form represents that each non-primary key attributes is atom, and the primary key that places one's entire reliance upon, and there is not the transitive functional dependence of non-primary key attributes to primary key.
Optionally, build in step S1 and comprise for describing rail line geographic information data model:
Rail line is abstracted into digraph, entity node respectively in correspondent entity graph of a relation of its middle orbit node and the oriented section of track and the oriented section of entity;
Using the track switch switch blade of rail line or frog and line terminal as the track node of digraph, connect the limit of two track nodes as the oriented section of the track in digraph;
The oriented section of track associates two track nodes, entity node respectively in correspondent entity graph of a relation of track node and the oriented section of track and the oriented section of entity.
It should be noted that, the corresponding relation between entity node and the oriented section of entity is multi-to-multi (N:M)., entity node and the oriented section of entity all have numbering attribute.
Optionally, the oriented section of entity, using two entity nodes of association as top node and terminal node, specifically comprises:
The oriented section of track is using the less one end of kilometer post kilometer post in associated two track nodes as top node, one end that in kilometer post, kilometer post is larger in associated two track nodes is as terminal node terminal, and terminal node is pointed to by top node in the direction of the oriented section of track, as shown in Figure 2.
Optionally, in the present embodiment, geography information comprises track point information, the entity point information in track point information correspondent entity graph of a relation (E-R figure).Track point type information is included in the oriented section of track, and the corresponding relation between the oriented section of track and track point information is one-to-many, to combine presentation-entity point information with numbering and the kilometer post of the oriented section of entity.It should be noted that, entity point information also has numbering attribute.Comprise multiple track point information in an oriented section of track, a track point information only can be comprised by an oriented section of track.
Optionally, the present embodiment middle orbit point information is corresponding with the trackside equipment in rail line, trackside equipment is only described with uniline coordinate, namely trackside equipment is only with the device that uniline describes, and includes but not limited to wheel counting apparatus, insulation joint, responser, beacon or signal.It should be noted that, the trackside equipment in this enforcement can be said apparatus, but is not limited to said apparatus.
Optionally, track segmentation information is also comprised in geography information in the present embodiment, track segmentation information is between two circuit coordinates and has the land of exclusive path, comprise slope section, curve and the track section in rail line, track segmentation information starting point coordinate position and terminal point coordinate positional representation.It should be noted that, the track segmentation packets of information in the present embodiment draws together above-mentioned slope section, curve and track section, but is not limited to slope section, curve and track section.
Optionally, the entity segmentation information in the track segmentation information correspondent entity graph of a relation (E-R figure) in the present embodiment.In addition, the corresponding relation between entity segmentation information and entity point information is multi-to-multi (i.e. N:M), a general entity segmentation information association two entity point informations, and an entity point information can by multiple entity segmentation information association.It should be noted that, entity segmentation information also has numbering attribute.
Optionally, the object described in relation schema comprises the oriented section of entity, entity node, entity point information and entity segmentation information.
Optionally, the oriented section of the entity in the present embodiment, entity node, entity point information and entity segmentation information all have primary key, and the oriented section of entity, entity point information and entity segmentation information also have outer code.Relation schema in the present embodiment has entity integrity, referential integrity, domain integrity and User Defined integrity constraint.
The GIS that the present invention describes comprises topological layer and mechanical floor two logical levels, wherein topological layer is for describing line construction, comprise the annexation between circuit terminal and divergence point (being generally track switch frog or switch blade point) and each point, and set up the frame of axis for describing trackside equipment position and relevant geography information.Topological layer can by abstract for rail line be digraph, the node being figure with the divergence point on circuit and circuit terminal, namely track node.Circuit between track node is limit, namely the oriented section of track.The oriented section of track with kilometer post in the track node of two ends less be some top node, what kilometer post was larger is some terminal node, the direction of the oriented section of track is point to terminal node by top node, the circuit between multiple circuit terminal and circuit terminal can be comprised in actual rail line, in circuit, also there is the track switch with branch road.For convenience of description, avoid obscuring mutually with the frequent term " section " used in field of track traffic simultaneously, the limit of digraph in Fig. 2 is called the oriented section of track.The coordinate of any point be positioned on oriented section, all adopts " the oriented sector number at this place " and " kilometer post of this point " to represent.
Different from topological layer, mechanical floor is for describing trackside equipment position and relevant geography information.In rail line, the geography information described is needed to be divided into track point information and track segmentation information two class.Wherein track point information adopts its coordinate position, and namely the oriented sector number of track and kilometer post represent.Track point information is usually and trackside equipment, as corresponding in wheel counting apparatus, insulation joint, signal etc.Track segmentation information adopts starting point and terminal point coordinate positional representation, and track segmentation information is usually and some geography information, as corresponding in ramp, curve, section etc.
According to above-mentioned rail line geography information method for expressing, the geographic information data model that structure obtains as shown in Figure 3.In Fig. 3, rectangle frame presentation-entity, the first row textual representation physical name in rectangle frame, " () " interior textual representation entity attribute, " * " represents primary attribute, also claims primary key, and " # " represents outer code.In relation schema, the non-primary key of certain relation or Candidate key attribute, when this attribute quotes primary key or Candidate key in other relations, be called outer code.Diamond represents relation, the textual representation relation name in diamond.
In Fig. 3, on the line between entity with relation, 1 represents unique corresponding, and N, M represent corresponding multiple.An a such as entity point information only corresponding oriented section of entity, but an oriented section of entity can comprise multiple entity point information.
Relational model according to Fig. 3, obtains relation schema as shown in table 1:
Table 1
In above-mentioned relation pattern, * represents primary key, and # represents outer code.Other attributes wherein may be used for user according to user self need carry out self-defined, meet various customer demand.It should be noted that, description object in relation schema is entity node, the oriented section of entity, entity point information and entity segmentation information, and the node therefore in table 1, oriented section, point information and segmentation information refer to the oriented section of entity node, entity, entity point information and entity segmentation information respectively.
In concrete traffic track circuit, usually there is polytype point information and segmentation information, can specialize the point information in E-R figure and relation schema and segmentation information as required.
The stretch net of a track switch is contained as a preferred version of the present invention in Fig. 4.
This road network has three circuit terminals (BF1, BF2 and BF3), and a track switch (SW1), can be abstracted into digraph as shown in Figure 5.This digraph has three oriented sections (S1:BF1-SW1, S2:SW1-BF2 and S3:SW1-BF3).This road network installs 3 wheel counting apparatus (AC1, AC2 and AC3), represents by the point information in specific relation schema.
2 meter shaft sections (AS1:AC1-AC2, AS1:AC1-AC3) are comprised in this road network.Represent by the segmentation information in specific relation schema.
So-called meter shaft section, refer to adjacent and between exist actual can track section between two wheel counting apparatus of operating path.
Preferred version builds the geographic information data model that obtains as shown in Figure 6.
The relation schema (i.e. form structure) of the rail line geography information method for expressing that the data model of preferred version is corresponding is as shown in table 2.
Table 2
The data form obtained includes to sector table (as shown in table 3), ode table (as shown in table 4), wheel counting apparatus table (as shown in table 5) and meter shaft sector table (as shown in table 6), specific as follows:
| Numbering | Starting point endpoint number | Terminal endpoint number | Other nodes |
| S1 | BF1 | SW1 | |
| S2 | SW1 | BF2 | |
| S3 | SW1 | BF3 |
Table 3
| Numbering | Kilometer post | Type | Other attributes |
| SW1 | K0+205 | Track switch | |
| BF1 | K0+000 | Line terminal | |
| BF2 | K0+500 | Line terminal | |
| BF3 | K0+500 | Line terminal |
Table 4
Table 5
Table 6
Type attribute wherein in table 4 can be understood as the one of other attributes.For a concrete rail line, use this data model and the relation schema of correspondence is specialized, by the node in circuit, oriented section, each point type and segmentation device numbering, and complete corresponding data form, with regard to can completely, the geography information in this road network is showed.
The describing method of rail line geography information provided by the invention, uses the Formalizing Theory of relation schema, is met the relation schema minimum system of specific normal form.The method eliminates the redundancy in relation schema, the insertion of data, amendment, suppressing exception is avoided, further ensures the integraty of data.
According to relational data theory, the relation schema of geographic information system of the present invention has following integrity constraint:
(1) entity integrity: the primary key value of entity must be uniquely and not null value.
(2) referential integrity: the outer code recorded in reference relation must be the primary key being referenced certain record in relation.
In relation schema, the non-primary key of certain relation or Candidate key attribute, when this attribute quotes primary key or Candidate key in other relations, be called outer code.
Quote the relation of other attributes of a relation, be called reference relation.Be refer to the relation of attribute by other relations, be called the relation of being referenced.
As in oriented sector table, starting point endpoint number refer to the number field in ode table, then the starting point endpoint number field in oriented sector table is necessary for the value existed in number field in ode table.
(3) domain integrity: the value of attribute must in its codomain.
Such as, in regulation road network, the numbering maxim of oriented section encloses 1023, then any value being greater than 1023 is illegally.
(4) User Defined integraty: the value of attribute must meet business and semantic requirement.
In sum, by using geographic information system describing method of the present invention, may correspond to and make comparatively complete constraint for the geographic information data integraty in the GIS of CBTC system, based on this, ensure the integraty of geographic information data, thus improve the safety of CBTC system further.
Above embodiment is only for illustration of the present invention; and be not limitation of the present invention; the those of ordinary skill of relevant technical field; without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; can also make a variety of changes and modification; therefore all equivalent technical schemes also belong to category of the present invention, and scope of patent protection of the present invention should be defined by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. a describing method for rail line geography information, is characterized in that, comprising:
Build the data model for describing rail line geography information, described data model adopts entity relationship diagram to represent;
Described data model is converted into relation schema, and described relation schema meets third normal form.
2. describing method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described structure, for describing the step of rail line geographic information data model, comprising:
Described rail line is abstracted into digraph;
Using the track switch switch blade of described rail line or frog and line terminal as the track node of described digraph, connect the limit of two track nodes as the oriented section of the track in digraph;
The oriented section of described track associates two track nodes, entity node respectively in corresponding described entity relationship diagram of described track node and the oriented section of described track and the oriented section of entity;
Corresponding relation between described entity node and the oriented section of described entity is multi-to-multi;
Described entity node and the oriented section of described entity all have numbering attribute.
3. describing method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the oriented section of described track associates two track nodes and specifically comprises:
The oriented section of described track is using less one of kilometer post in associated two track nodes as top node, in associated two track nodes, larger one of kilometer post is as terminal node, and terminal node is pointed to by top node in the direction of the oriented section of described track.
4. describing method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described geography information comprises track point information, the entity point information in the corresponding described entity relationship diagram of described track point information.
5. describing method according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, described track point type information is included in the oriented section of track, to combine with kilometer post by the numbering of the oriented section of described entity and represent described entity point information, the corresponding relation between the oriented section of described entity and described entity point information is one-to-many;
Described entity point information has numbering attribute.
6. describing method according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, described track point information is corresponding with the trackside equipment in described rail line, and described trackside equipment is only described with uniline coordinate, comprises wheel counting apparatus, insulation joint, responser, beacon or signal.
7. describing method according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, track segmentation information is also comprised in described geography information, described track segmentation information is between two circuit coordinates and has the land of exclusive path, comprise slope section, curve and the track section in described rail line, described track segmentation information starting point coordinate position and terminal point coordinate positional representation;
Entity segmentation information in the corresponding described entity relationship diagram of described track segmentation information;
Corresponding relation between described entity segmentation information and described entity point information is multi-to-multi;
Described entity segmentation information has numbering attribute.
8. describing method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the object described in described relation schema comprises the oriented section of entity, entity node, entity point information and entity segmentation information.
9. describing method according to claim 8, it is characterized in that, the oriented section of described entity, entity node, entity point information and entity segmentation information all have primary key, and the oriented section of described entity, entity point information and entity segmentation information also have outer code.
10. describing method according to claim 8, is characterized in that, described relation schema has entity integrity, referential integrity, domain integrity and User Defined integrity constraint.
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