CN104377669A - Wide area protection algorithm based on impedance transverse measurement and comparison principle - Google Patents
Wide area protection algorithm based on impedance transverse measurement and comparison principle Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Provided is a wide area protection algorithm based on an impedance transverse measurement and comparison principle. IEDs installed at nodes (buses) are used for collecting bus voltage and differential currents of all connected lines of the nodes in real time, transversely measured impedance of branches is calculated, and when different short dots of a system break down, obvious difference exists between the size of the imaginary part of the transversely measured impedance and an impedance phase angle. The characteristic difference is used as impedance transverse measurement and comparison protection criteria, and the IEDs convert impedance values of wide area communication into protection direction logical volumes through the protection criteria of the branches. A wide area protection decision center obtains the direction logical volumes of all the nodes in an area to construct a 1*n order one-dimensional row vector matrix, primary judgment of fault areas is conducted according to comparison of the determinant of the matrix, judgment results are sent to the IEDs in the area through wide area communication, and secondary judgment of fault lines is achieved in combination with transverse impedance criterion action results of the branches through the IEDs obtaining information. The wide area protection algorithm can reduce constraints of wide area protection on the communication traffic to a great extent.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to relay protection field in electric power system, is a kind of wide area protection algorithm comparing impedance principle based on cross measure.
Background technology
Wide area protection based on wide area multi-source information can identify fault element quickly and accurately and the quick isolation realizing fault element becomes the study hotspot of novel relaying protection; its outstanding feature is to solve the difficult problems such as traditional backup protection time delay is long, setting value order is difficult, improves the adaptivity of protection simultaneously.This feature also embodies research emphasis and the core that Fault Identification element algorithm and its implementation are wide area protections.
Existingly at present can identify the wide area protection algorithm that the wide area protection algorithm of fault element is mainly used in current differential principle fast.Wide area current differential principle is simple, action fast and have phase-splitting function, but its synchronism to electrical network multiple point measuring data requires higher, larger by area distribution formula capacitive effect, can not be there is load current outflow in protection range simultaneously, in electrical network, the measurement accumulated error of multiple spot electric current also may produce larger unsymmetrical current, then its sensitivity and reliability (D.Novosel is affected, G.Bartok, G.Henneberg, P.Mysore, D.Tziouvaras, and S.Ward.IEEE PSRC report on performance of relayingduring wide-area stressed conditions [J] .IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2010, 25 (1): 3-16.).For overcoming a Wide-area current differential protection part difficult problem, wide area comprehensive impedance protection algorism propose to utilize region multiterminal voltage and and region turnover electric current and ratio structure comprehensive impedance algorithm, the method overcome the impact of Wide-area current differential protection by distributed capacitor, maintain the sensitivity that similar difference protection is higher, but this protection scheme roughly the same Wide-area current differential protection, can not load current be there is in protection zone, otherwise protection range is incorrect with Current calculation, synchronism (the Li Zhenxing that this protection simultaneously needs Wide-area Measurement Information strict equally, Yin Xianggen, Zhang Zhe, He Zhiqin. the wide area relay protection criterion based on comprehensive impedance comparison principle studies [J]. electrotechnics journal, 2012, 27 (8): 179-186.).
Summary of the invention
The present invention is to solve wide area differential protection Dependency Specification stringent synchronization, claimed scope does not exist for the purpose of the problems such as the impact of load current and area distribution electric capacity, a kind of wide area protection algorithm comparing impedance principle based on cross measure is proposed, this algorithm is only based on the synchronism of conventional line current comparison pilot protection, utilize the ratio of busbar voltage and circuit spill current directly to form transverse impedance to calculate, and the basis being converted to direction amount of logic in wide area multiple spot impedance judged result builds the wide area protection algorithm that cross measure compares impedance principle, namely this thinking remains the advantage of Wide-area current differential protection, overcome the impact of the strict synchronism of wide area and load current and distributed capacitor simultaneously.Improve the ability of anti-transition resistance, compared with protecting with wide area differential, there is higher sensitivity.
The technical scheme that the present invention takes is: a kind of wide area protection algorithm comparing impedance principle based on cross measure, comprises the following steps:
Step one: the IED that in protected area, each node (referring generally to bus) place installs is the existing busbar voltage U of Real-time Obtaining node existing protection device respectively
a, U
b, Uc and the spill current I of all circuits of being connected
cda-j, I
cdb-j, I
cdc-j, wherein j is jth bar branch road.
Step 2: utilize busbar voltage and spill current to calculate the cross measure impedance Z of all circuits respectively
ci-j,
wherein
for node bus x phase (A, B, C phase, other statements of this patent are roughly the same) voltage,
for jth bar circuit x phase spill current.Further computation and measurement impedance Z respectively
ci-jimaginary part and phase place.
Step 3: the position based on system short-circuit point is different, and its cross measure imaginary impedance and phase angle exist obvious difference, formation cross measure is compared impedance protection criterion and is: | Imag (Z
ci-j) | <X
set∩-ε <Arg (Z
ci-j) <180+ ε, wherein X
setfor comparing protection definite value, X
set=k
relimag (Z
c// (R
f+ (mZ
l-j+ Z
m) // ((1-m) Z
l-j+ Z
n)) e
j δ)
max, wherein Z
m, Z
n, Z
l-j, Z
cbe respectively the impedance of circuit m, n end system, line impedance, circuit distribution capacitive reactance, m is the position that fault point distance m holds, and 0<m<1, δ are both end voltage phase difference, k
relfor safety factor.
Step 4: compare impedance protection criterion based on cross measure, the cross measure of definition circuit is compared impedance protection direction and is: meet criterion R
j=1 (positive direction, bus points to circuit), otherwise R
j=0, wherein j is circuit branch road.
Step 5: IED
jthe impedance protection direction of all branch roads of statistics node, if any j bar branch road, R
1... R
j, defined node direction amount of logic F
bjrepresent node direction, F
bj=R
1∪ R
2∪ ... ∪ R
j(equal 1 for positive direction, show to break down in this region).
Step 6: based on Graph Theory, all node direction in the region obtained are formed 1 × n rank one dimension row vector matrix by wide area protection decision center.
Step 7: whether judgment matrix determinant meets | F
b|>=2, as satisfied condition, be tentatively judged as breaking down in protection zone, fault zone is that respective column vector node is connected circuit.Wide area protection takes fault tolerance judgment: calculate intermediary matrix D=F
b* C, wherein C is network adjacent matrix, and intermediary matrix is D ' logically, calculates fault-tolerant matrix W=D ' & F
b, in searching matrix W, column vector is the node of 1 correspondence is malfunctioning node; If do not satisfied condition, it is system failure.
After step 8: IED obtains wide area protection fault section detection result, according to node in succession circuit branch case carry out secondary judgement, if there is multiple branch road to meet R simultaneously
j=1, then this node failure selects branch road to wait for side gusset estimate of situation, once obtain certain circuit offside fault message, directly judges that this circuit is fault element; If there is no multiple branch road meets R simultaneously
j=1, this node directly judges to meet R
jthe circuit of=1 is faulty line, and concurrent carry information is to offside (information generally has wide area protection decision center to forward, and special circumstances can select other passages directly to send).
The present invention utilizes the synchronism of conventional line current comparison pilot protection, and the ratio of direct computing node busbar voltage and circuit spill current forms cross measure impedance, compares realize wide area protection algorithm based on wide area multiple spot transverse impedance.This algorithm principle is succinct, overcomes wide scope stringent synchronization and the impact that there is load current simultaneously; It is logical message that impedance conversion is compared in the cross measure calculated on the spot by the present invention simultaneously, and only upload logic amount is in wide area protection, and amount of information is little, greatly reduces wide area system communicating requirement; The calculating of first order matrix dimension and wide area protection fault-tolerant processing are conducive to the Project Realization of wide area protection.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that present system scheme is always schemed.
Type Equivalent Circuit Model figure when Fig. 2 is present system troubles inside the sample space.
Fig. 3 is IEEE 10 machine 39 node system figure of the present invention.
When Fig. 4 is K1 point failure of the present invention, impedance simulation result is compared in system cross measure.
Embodiment
As Figure 1-Figure 4, one compares impedance wide area relay protection criterion based on cross measure, comprises the steps:
The IED Real-time Obtaining node bus place three-phase voltage amount U that step 1. node bus place installs
a, U
b, Uc and all circuit spill current I of being connected
cda-j, I
cdb-j, I
cdc-j, wherein j is jth bar branch road.
Step 2. utilizes busbar voltage and circuit spill current to calculate the cross measure impedance of all circuits respectively, for jth bar circuit, and cross measure impedance
wherein
for node bus x phase voltage,
for x phase spill current.
Step 3. cross measure impedance comparison criterion is with Z
ci-jfeature difference is attached most importance to, and this step is to Z
ci-jfeature analyze.Following examples are descriptive, are not determinate, can not limit analysis result of the present invention with this.
2 circuit equivalent model concrete analyses by reference to the accompanying drawings:
During system normal operating condition, circuit mainly flows through the load current of passing through property, and the spill current at circuit two ends mainly flows through the electric current of line-to-ground distributed capacitance, and cross measure resistance value equals line equivalent capacitive reactance Z
c, its capacitor value is very large, generally all more than kilohm rank, simultaneously due to Z
ci-jin capacitive, imaginary values is comparatively large, and its impedance angle is at about-90 °.
When circuit occurs external area error, the electric current flowing through circuit may increase, but the spill current at circuit two ends is still line-to-ground capacitance current, the same normal operation of cross measure resistance value characteristic.
When system occurs in troubles inside the sample space, show that the cross measure impedance of circuit two ends exists following relation by accompanying drawing 2
Z
cim-j+Z
cin-j＝Z
C//(R
F+(mZ
L-j+Z
m)//((1-m)Z
L-
j+Z
n))＝Z
th-j
(1)
U in formula
m, U
nbe respectively circuit both end voltage effective value, δ is circuit two ends electricity
Pressure phase angle difference.
Can be obtained by formula (1) (2):
Similar analysis also can obtain the result that N holds measurement impedance same.Therefore, cross measure impedance ranges when can obtain troubles inside the sample space:
When knowing circuit generating region internal fault according to analysis, two ends cross measure impedance is all less than a definite value, it is relevant that this definite value and source impedance, line impedance, transition point position and transition resistance and circuit both end voltage differ δ, from system parameters and operation characteristic, this definite value is substantially in perception, and imaginary part is less, considers the impact of transition resistance and the error of calculation, cross measure compares impedance likely in capacitive, but the absolute value of its imaginary part is much smaller than the actual capacitive reactance Z of circuit
c/ 2, its phase angle is at 0 ° ~ 180 °.
This patent is for accompanying drawing 3, and setting circuit L17 is at distance bus B16 side total track length 0% (K
1) various short trouble and earth fault (transition resistance gets 0 ~ 300 Ω) occur at place, system 1s moment after steady operation breaks down, and calculates each circuit cross measure impedance results of nearly fault point as shown in Figure 4.
Step 4. is analyzed according to step 3, compares impedance protection criterion as follows based on cross measure:
In formula, X
setbe compare definite value, can be determined by formula (1), (4)
In formula, k
relfor safety factor, recommend to be set as 1.2 ~ 1.5; Wherein Z
m, Z
n, Z
l-j, Z
cbe respectively the impedance of circuit m, n end system, line impedance, circuit distribution capacitive reactance; M is the position that fault point distance m holds, and 0<m<1, after system parameters is determined, according to different m value, is easy to calculate maximum according to Circuit theory; Consider the impact at measure error, the error of calculation and δ angle, ε generally gets 15 ° ~ 30 °.
Step 5. defines circuit cross measure and compares impedance protection direction and be: meet formula (5) criterion R
j=1 (be defined as positive direction, bus points to circuit), otherwise R
j=0, wherein j is circuit branch road.
Step 6.IED
jall branch impedance directions are connected with node (as R in statistic procedure 5
1, R
j), defined node direction F
bjrepresent node branch road place and logical message, node direction F
bj=R
1∪ R
2∪ ... ∪ R
j(equal 1 for positive direction, show to break down in this region).
Step 7. is based on Graph Theory, and all node direction in the region obtained are formed 1 × n rank one dimension row vector matrix by wide area protection decision center.In accompanying drawing 3 of the present invention, the circuit L16 lower protection zone that is short-circuited is that example illustrates, take node serial number as rectangular array vector sequence number, corresponding 1 × 6 rank one dimension row vector matrix F
b=[F
bB15f
bB16f
bB17f
bB19f
bB21 F
bB24]
1 × 6=[110000].
Whether step 8. judgment matrix determinant meets | F
b|>=2, as satisfied condition, be tentatively judged as breaking down in protection zone.Consider that wide area calculates or in communication process, direction exists distortion situation, wide area protection must have fault tolerance, and this patent fault-tolerance approach is as follows: computing network Topology connection Matrix C
Calculate intermediary matrix D=F
b* C, further by intermediary matrix logically D '
Calculate fault-tolerant matrix W=D ' & F
b, in searching matrix W, column vector is the node of 1 correspondence is malfunctioning node.
If do not met | F
b|>=2, be system failure.
Step 9: based in step 8, after IED obtains wide area protection fault section detection result, according to node in succession circuit branch case carry out secondary judgement, if there is multiple branch road to meet R simultaneously
j=1, then this node failure selects branch road to wait for side gusset estimate of situation, once obtain certain circuit offside fault message, directly judges that this circuit is fault element; If there is no multiple branch road meets R simultaneously
j=1, this node directly judges to meet R
jthe circuit of=1 is faulty line, and concurrent carry information is to offside (information generally has wide area protection decision center to forward, and special circumstances can select other passages directly to send).
The above is preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the present invention should not be confined to the content disclosed in this embodiment and accompanying drawing.The equivalence completed under not departing from spirit disclosed in this invention so every or amendment, all fall into the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. compare a wide area protection algorithm for impedance principle based on cross measure, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
Step one: the spill current of the IED Real-time Obtaining busbar voltage that node bus place installs and all circuits that is connected, utilizes the ratio of isolated phase bus voltage and circuit spill current to calculate the cross measure impedance Z of all circuits respectively
ci-j;
Step 2: the position based on protection zone short dot is different; there is obvious difference in its cross measure imaginary impedance size and impedance angle; form cross measure and compare impedance protection criterion, and define circuit cross measure impedance protection direction and be: meet criterion R
j=1, otherwise R
j=0;
Step 3: IED
jthe cross measure impedance protection direction of all branch road circuits of statistics node, utilizes and logical relation determination node direction F
bj;
Step 4: based on Graph Theory, all node direction in the region obtained are formed 1 × n rank one dimension row vector matrix F by wide area protection decision center
b, whether judgment matrix determinant meets | F
b|>=2, tentatively judge whether protection zone breaks down in conjunction with network topology;
Step 5: IED obtains wide area protection fault section detection result, realizes secondary and judges, determine faulty line further in conjunction with branch road cross measure impedance judged result.
2. a kind of wide area protection algorithm comparing impedance principle based on cross measure according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step one cross measure impedance
wherein
node busbar voltage,
for circuit spill current.
3. a kind of wide area protection algorithm comparing impedance principle based on cross measure according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step 2 cross measure impedance comparison Protection criteria is | Imag (Z
ci-j) | < X
set∩-ε < Arg (Z
ci-j) < 180+ ε, wherein X
setcompare protection definite value X
set=k
relimag (Z
c// (R
f+ (mZ
l-j+ Z
m) // ((1-m) Z
l-j+ Z
n)) e
j δ)
max, ε is the error of calculation.
4. a kind of wide area protection algorithm comparing impedance principle based on cross measure according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step 3 IED
jthe impedance protection direction of all branch roads of statistics node is (as R
1..., R
j), computing node direction F
bj=R
1∪ R
2∪ ∪ R
j.
5. a kind of wide area protection algorithm comparing impedance principle based on cross measure according to claim 1; it is characterized in that: all node direction in the region obtained are formed 1 × n rank one dimension row vector matrix by step 4 wide area protection decision center, rectangular array vector sequence number map network topological node numbering.
6. a kind of wide area protection algorithm comparing impedance principle based on cross measure according to claim 1; it is characterized in that: whether step 4 compute matrix determinant is greater than 2; as met; then tentatively be judged as breaking down in protection zone; the column vector node that further searching matrix determinant equals 1, in conjunction with the connectivity of network topology, is judged as fault zone for two nodes directly connected; otherwise do this judgement of losing efficacy, wait for that data start to recalculate matrix determinant next time.
7. a kind of wide area protection algorithm comparing impedance principle based on cross measure according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step 5 IED carries out secondary judgement, if this node exists multiple branch road meet R simultaneously
j=1, then wait for side gusset judged result, once obtain certain circuit offside fault message, directly judge that this circuit is fault element; If there is not multiple branch road in this node meets R simultaneously
j=1, directly judge to meet R
jthe circuit of=1 is faulty line, and concurrent carry information is to offside.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113109733A (en) * | 2021-03-23 | 2021-07-13 | 兰州资源环境职业技术学院 | Overhead cable short circuit grounding fault detection system based on wireless sensor network |
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2014
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Patent Citations (5)
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| US20110085272A1 (en) * | 2009-10-13 | 2011-04-14 | Schweitzer Iii Edmund O | Systems and Methods for Generator Ground Fault Protection |
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| CN113109733A (en) * | 2021-03-23 | 2021-07-13 | 兰州资源环境职业技术学院 | Overhead cable short circuit grounding fault detection system based on wireless sensor network |
| CN113109733B (en) * | 2021-03-23 | 2023-12-15 | 兰州资源环境职业技术学院 | Overhead cable short-circuit ground fault detection system based on wireless sensor network |
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Application publication date: 20150225 Assignee: Yichang Yizhixing Technology Co.,Ltd. Assignor: CHINA THREE GORGES University Contract record no.: X2023980034895 Denomination of invention: A Wide Area Protection Algorithm Based on the Principle of Lateral Measurement and Comparison Impedance Granted publication date: 20170725 License type: Common License Record date: 20230426 |
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