CN104375099A - Material detection probe based on initial permeability method - Google Patents
Material detection probe based on initial permeability method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104375099A CN104375099A CN201310347483.8A CN201310347483A CN104375099A CN 104375099 A CN104375099 A CN 104375099A CN 201310347483 A CN201310347483 A CN 201310347483A CN 104375099 A CN104375099 A CN 104375099A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a material detection probe based on an initial permeability method. The material detection probe based on the initial permeability method is characterized by comprising a ferromagnetic material (1), a magnetizer (2), a magnetic exciting coil (3), a magnetic permeable loop (4) and a magnetic sensor (5). The magnetic sensor (5) and the magnetizer (2) form a rigid whole through the attaching technology, the end face of the magnetic sensor (5) is connected with the ferromagnetic material (1) in a perpendicular contact mode, the magnetic exciting coil (3) is fixed to the magnetizer (2) in a winding mode, and the magnetic permeable loop (4) is located in an annular loop formed by the ferromagnetic material (1), the magnetizer (2) and the magnetic sensor (5). The material detection probe based on the initial permeability method can well overcome the defects that accurate modeling between secondary induced voltage and primary exciting signals is difficult to achieve in an existing alternating current exciting detection method, an exciting and detection circuit is complex, and interference jumps in easily. The material detection probe has good market prospects.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of detection probe, especially a kind of initial permeability characteristic by ferrimagnet carries out the probe of wood properly test.
Background technology
Material can be divided into by magnetic: ferromagnetism, ferrimagnetism, diamagnetism, paramagnetism, antiferromagnetism.Ferrimagnet refers to have ferromagnetic material.So-called ferromagnetism refers to that the magnetic moment of adjacent atom or ion in material roughly arranges by same direction in some region due to their interaction, when applied magnetic field intensity increases, the conjunction magnetic moment in these regions aligns the phenomenon that degree can be increased to a certain ultimate value thereupon.
Ferrimagnet magnetic property magnetic permeability μ characterizes.In physics, magnetic permeability μ is defined as the ratio of magnetic induction density and magnetic field intensity in magnetic medium.
Magnetic permeability μ is an amount changed with the change of externally-applied magnetic field.The figure describing the relation of ferrimagnet in magnetic history between magnetic field intensity H and the magnetic induction density B responded to or magnetization M is called magnetization curve or BH curve.Wherein, the magnetization curve that the ferrimagnet being in magnetic neutral state is subject to obtaining when the constant numerical value in direction makes the dull magnetic fields increased at initial magnetization phase is also called initial magnetization curve, initial permeability μ i be namely initial magnetization curve be taken in H → 0 time magnetic permeability.When magnetizing ferrimagnet in initial permeability region and detect, after external magnetic field is cancelled, ferrimagnet inside can not produce remanent magnetism.
The initial permeability of ferrimagnet and its carbon content, internal stress and condition of heat treatment etc. also exist significant correlation.Experimental study shows, 1) magnetic property of content to iron of alloying element and impurity has a great impact, and along with the increase of carbon content in steel, the initial permeability of steel and iron parts, maximum permeability, saturation induction density reduce, and coercive force and remanent magnetism increase; 2) internal stress of ferrimagnet and unrelieved stress can cause coercive force and remanent magnetism to raise, and magnetic permeability declines, and along with the increase of deformation extent, this trend can be aggravated, and tension is larger, and preliminary examination magnetic permeability is larger, otherwise compressive stress is larger, initial permeability is then lower; 3) material internal grain size also can have an impact to magnetic property, and crystal grain is more tiny, and magnetic permeability is less, and coercive force is larger, and this is that crystal boundary is more because crystal grain is less, hinders magnetic domain displacement.It can thus be appreciated that, the magnetic parameter of ferrous materials and the composition of material, metallographic structure etc. have directly related property, in theory, if can detect the initial permeability parameter of ferrimagnet, the material characteristic such as carbon content and condition of heat treatment of ferrimagnet just indirectly can be recorded.
The work above-mentioned initial permeability characteristic being applied to ferrimagnet wood properly test can be traced to the source to people such as nineteen thirty-nine Germany doctors Foerster and magnetic hysteresis loop is applied to the technical research of Non-Destructive Testing, electromagnetic nondestructive testing obtains fast development subsequently, and application widely.Last century the seventies, Foerster Research Institute the various electromagnetic separation instrument sold for batch mixing sorting, as " Magnatest VHR " instrument; Last century the eighties, Japan also develops " the different material exerciser " and " metal material simple judgment and analyzer " of miniaturization; USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) also have developed hardness of cast electromagnetic nondestructive instrument subsequently.China last century the eighties start to adopt initial permeability method to test the performance of steel and iron parts and thermal treatment quality, and be successively proposed several ipping coil primary means such as iron and steel hardness sorter, iron and steel material quality sorter on imitated basis.
The existing ferrimagnet wood properly test instrument based on initial permeability method in technical scheme with doctor's Foerster basic simlarity, be equivalent to the coupling transformer that is iron core with tested ferrimagnet, the exchange current of certain frequency is all adopted to be produced the magnetic field exchanged by field coil, when the magnetic field of alternation is through when being placed in the ferrimagnet of air core coil, induced potential will be produced in secondary coil, because the size of induced potential is directly related with the quality factor of tested ferrimagnet and initial permeability characteristic, therefore the material characteristic of ferrimagnet just indirectly can be measured by measuring induced potential.Research shows, when there is identical physical dimension and condition of heat treatment for several ferrimagnets to be measured, the carbon content of secondary induced potential and ferrimagnet to be measured etc. are in strong correlation, and when several ferrimagnets to be measured have identical physical dimension and composition, the conditions of heat treatment of secondary induced potential and ferrimagnet to be measured etc. are in strong correlation, if this correlativity has monotonicity in specific interval, then can carry out detection by the carbon content, condition of heat treatment etc. of initial permeability method to these ferrimagnets and analyze.
Although such scheme can carry out indirect detection by the material characteristic of initial permeability parameter to ferrimagnet preferably, but owing to being AC excitation, induced potential is also alternating signal, so be easy in induced potential seal in interference, thus causes measuring error.In addition, because ferrimagnet to be measured can not fill air core coil usually completely, so be also difficult between secondary induced potential and elementary excitation signal carry out accurate mathematical model.
Because Magnetic Sensor can carry out high-acruracy survey to magnetic field, if direct current can be adopted to carry out excitation, and Magnetic Sensor and ferrimagnet to be measured are placed in energized circuit jointly, to greatly simplify excitation and testing circuit undoubtedly, and effectively avoid being difficult to the problems such as the interference that Accurate Model and AC excitation bring.
Namely the present invention is a kind of probe of the wood properly test based on initial permeability method proposed under above-mentioned background.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters:
The object of the invention is for above-mentioned existing AC excitation method initial permeability wood properly test probe exist be difficult to Accurate Model, excitation and testing circuit complicated, easily seal in the deficiencies such as interference, there is provided a kind of and provide magnetomotive force by DC excitation, and Magnetic Sensor and ferrimagnet are placed in the detection probe of energized circuit jointly.Change exciting current and can adjust magnetic flux gesture easily, when probe physical dimension and magnetomotive force are determined, the initial permeability parameter of the magnetic induction density that Magnetic Sensor records and ferrimagnet to be measured has unique correlativity.The present invention simplifies excitation and the testing circuit of wood properly test probe greatly, and effectively avoids the interference problem that AC excitation is brought.
Technical scheme:
1) select high permeability material be processed into U-shaped magnetic conductor, wherein one end is slightly shorter than the other end, so as short one end attachment Magnetic Sensor after two correct isometric;
2) at one end attachment Magnetic Sensor that U-shaped magnetic conductor is shorter, guarantee that the end face after mounting is smooth, and remain on same plane with the end face of the other end;
3) on U-shaped magnetic conductor, field coil is wound around, magnetomotive force can be provided for magnetic conductive loop after coil passes into DC excitation electric current;
4) lead-in wire of Magnetic Sensor and field coil is drawn by terminal, then probe is encapsulated, guarantee that the longer magnetic conduction end face of U-shaped magnetic conductor and Magnetic Sensor flush with the encapsulating face of whole probe;
5) wood properly test probe is placed in smooth ferrimagnet surface to be measured, guarantees that wood properly test probe vertical is placed in ferrimagnet surface, and fit completely;
6) in field coil, exciting current is passed into, magnetomotive force will be produced in the magnetic conductive loop be made up of magnetic conductor, Magnetic Sensor and ferrimagnet to be measured, Magnetic Sensor will export the electric signal relevant to the initial permeability of ferrimagnet to be measured, can resolve the carbon content of ferrimagnet to be measured and condition of heat treatment etc. further accordingly.
Beneficial effect:
A kind of wood properly test based on initial permeability method of the present invention is popped one's head in can overcome in existing AC excitation detection method and is difficult to Accurate Model, excitation and testing circuit complexity between secondary induced potential and elementary excitation signal and easily seals in the deficiencies such as interference, provides a kind of DC excitation, structure simple wood properly test probe.The magnetic conductor of this probe, Magnetic Sensor and ferrimagnet to be measured form closed magnetic conductive loop, the output of Magnetic Sensor is directly related with the initial permeability of ferrimagnet to be measured, can resolve the carbon content and condition of heat treatment etc. of ferrimagnet to be measured further accordingly.When several ferrimagnets have identical physical dimension and condition of heat treatment, the output of Magnetic Sensor and the carbon content of ferrimagnet to be measured etc. are in strong correlation, and when several ferrimagnets to be measured have identical physical dimension and composition, the output of Magnetic Sensor then with the condition of heat treatment of ferrimagnet to be measured etc. in strong correlation, if this correlativity has monotonicity in specific interval, then can carry out comparatively accurate half-quantitative detection analysis to the carbon content of ferrimagnet, condition of heat treatment etc.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is a kind of wood properly test sonde configuration schematic diagram based on initial permeability method of the present invention.Wherein there are " ferrimagnet 1 ", " magnetic conductor 2 ", " field coil 3 ", " magnetic conductive loop 4 " and " Magnetic Sensor 5 ";
Fig. 2 is the wood properly test probe detection method schematic diagram that the present invention is based on initial permeability method.Wherein there are " field circuit 6 ", " ferrimagnet 1 ", " closed magnetic circuit 8 ", " magnetic induction density 9 ", " initial permeability 10 " and " material parameters resolves 11 ".
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, technical scheme of the present invention is further illustrated.
Fig. 1 is a kind of wood properly test sonde configuration schematic diagram based on initial permeability method of the present invention.Wherein there are " ferrimagnet 1 ", " magnetic conductor 2 ", " field coil 3 ", " magnetic conductive loop 4 " and " Magnetic Sensor 5 ".Wherein, " Magnetic Sensor 5 " forms the entirety of a rigidity by attachment process and " magnetic conductor 2 ", its end face is connected in perpendicular contact mode with " ferrimagnet 1 ", " field coil 3 " is fixed on " magnetic conductor 2 " with canoe, the loop checking installation that " magnetic conductive loop 4 " is arranged in " ferrimagnet 1 ", " magnetic conductor 2 " and " Magnetic Sensor 5 " is formed.
When implementing wood properly test, the end face of " ferrimagnet 1 " should be smooth, and wood properly test probe should be guaranteed perpendicular contact with the surface of " ferrimagnet 1 " and fit completely.When passing into exciting current in " field coil 3 ", magnetomotive force will be produced in " magnetic conductive loop 4 " that be made up of " magnetic conductor 2 ", " Magnetic Sensor 5 " and " ferrimagnet 1 ", " Magnetic Sensor 5 " can detect electric signal relevant to the initial permeability of " ferrimagnet 1 " under this magnetomotive force effect, the initial permeability of " ferrimagnet 1 " can be measured accordingly, and further carbon content, hardness and the condition of heat treatment etc. of " ferrimagnet 1 " are resolved.
Fig. 2 is the wood properly test probe detection method schematic diagram that the present invention is based on initial permeability method.Wherein there are " field circuit 6 ", " ferrimagnet 1 ", " closed magnetic circuit 8 ", " magnetic induction density 9 ", " initial permeability 10 " and " material parameters resolves 11 ".Wherein, " field circuit 6 " is for generation of magnetomotive force, when magnetomotive force acts on " ferrimagnet 1 " by " closed magnetic circuit 8 ", the initial permeability characteristic of " ferrimagnet 1 " can have an impact to the magnetic flux of " closed magnetic circuit 8 ", Magnetic Sensor detects this change by measuring " magnetic induction density 9 ", and then can measure " initial permeability 10 " of " ferrimagnet 1 ", and further carbon content, hardness and the condition of heat treatment etc. of " ferrimagnet 1 " to be measured are carried out " material parameters resolves 11 ".
Suppose that the magnetomotive force that " field circuit 6 " produces is F, this magnetomotive force is the product of turn number N and exciting current I, because turn number N is fixed value, so obtain different magnetomotive force F by adjustment electric current I.
Do not consider leakage flux, ideally, although magnetic circuit each section of sectional area difference, material is also different, and magnetic flux Φ is identical.Due to the initial permeability μ of each section
1difference, so the magnetic field intensity H of each section
1also can be different.
Assuming that the sectional area of U-shaped " magnetic conductor 2 ", " Magnetic Sensor 5 " and " ferrimagnet 1 " is respectively S
1, S
2, S
3, effective magnetic conduction length of each section is respectively s, δ, L, then have
The initial permeability of " Magnetic Sensor 5 " can regard permeability of vacuum μ as
0, have further,
In above formula, the left side is magnetic flux Φ, and the sectional area due to " Magnetic Sensor 5 " is a value determined, so magnetic flux Φ is a parameter can measured by " Magnetic Sensor 5 ", the right is except μ
3and S
3outside being determined by " ferrimagnet 1 " material, all the other determined by " magnetic conductor 2 " and " Magnetic Sensor 5 ", are the amount determined, so Φ and μ
3and S
3relevant, in actual measurement, " ferrimagnet 1 " usual physical dimension is completely the same or have adequate thickness, S
3also can be regarded as determined amounts, so Φ is completely by μ
3determine.
For describing Φ and μ better
3between mathematical relation, above formula can be rewritten as,
Above formula shows:
1) magnetic flux Φ and μ
3between be nonlinear relationship, when Δ trends towards 0, Φ and μ
3trend towards linear relationship, and when Δ is larger, Φ and μ
3between be Φ=(FS
3/ L) μ
3below one epirelief curve, so possible when, should manage reduce Δ, to reduce Φ and μ
3between non-linear;
2) μ
3when less, Φ and μ
3between present good linear relationship, so, select when wood properly test is carried out in initial permeability region, Φ and μ
3between can regard linear relationship as, thus greatly simplify testing circuit.
Research shows, when several " ferrimagnets 1 " have identical physical dimension and condition of heat treatment, the output of " Magnetic Sensor 5 " and the carbon content of " ferrimagnet 1 " to be measured etc. are in strong correlation, and when several " ferrimagnets 1 " to be measured have identical physical dimension and composition, the output of " Magnetic Sensor 5 " then with the condition of heat treatment of " ferrimagnet 1 " to be measured etc. in strong correlation, if this correlativity has monotonicity in specific interval, then can to the carbon content of " ferrimagnet 1 ", hardness, conditions of heat treatment etc. carry out comparatively accurate half-quantitative detection analysis.
U-shaped " magnetic conductor 2 " and " field coil 3 " of wood properly test probe of the present invention also can have the U-shaped permanent magnet of stationary magnetic field to replace by apparatus, adopts the wood properly test of program probe also to belong to claim of the present invention and protection domain.
The present invention is detecting sensor that is original, that have independent intellectual property right.A kind of wood properly test based on initial permeability method provided by the present invention is popped one's head in can overcome well in existing AC excitation detection method and is difficult to Accurate Model, excitation and testing circuit complexity between secondary induced potential and elementary excitation signal and easily seals in the deficiencies such as interference, and has good market outlook.
Claims (6)
1. the probe of the wood properly test based on initial permeability method, is characterized in that this wood properly test probe comprises " ferrimagnet 1 ", " magnetic conductor 2 ", " field coil 3 ", " magnetic conductive loop 4 " and " Magnetic Sensor 5 ".Wherein, " Magnetic Sensor 5 " forms the entirety of a rigidity by attachment process and " magnetic conductor 2 ", its end face is connected in perpendicular contact mode with " ferrimagnet 1 ", " field coil 3 " is fixed on " magnetic conductor 2 " with canoe, the loop checking installation that " magnetic conductive loop 4 " is arranged in " ferrimagnet 1 ", " magnetic conductor 2 " and " Magnetic Sensor 5 " is formed.
2. a kind of probe of the wood properly test based on initial permeability method according to claim 1, the two ends that it is characterized in that U-shaped " magnetic conductor 2 " of described wood properly test probe are non-isometric structure, after slightly short one end attachment Magnetic Sensor, two correct isometric, and end face remains on same plane.
3. a kind of probe of the wood properly test based on initial permeability method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that U-shaped " magnetic conductor 2 " that described wood properly test is popped one's head in is wound with " field coil 3 ", can provide magnetomotive force for magnetic conductive loop pass into DC excitation electric current in " field coil 3 " after.
4. a kind of probe of the wood properly test based on initial permeability method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described wood properly test probe is placed in smooth ferrimagnet surface to be measured, guarantee that wood properly test probe is placed in ferrimagnet surface, and fit completely.
5. a kind of probe of the wood properly test based on initial permeability method according to claim 1, when it is characterized in that " field coil 3 " of described wood properly test probe removes, " magnetic conductor 2 " is for having the permanent magnet of stationary magnetic field.
6. a kind of wood properly test based on initial permeability method probe according to claim 1, when the exciting current that it is characterized in that " field coil 3 " of described wood properly test probe is 0, " magnetic conductor 2 " is for having the permanent magnet of stationary magnetic field.
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| CN109142508A (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2019-01-04 | 西红柿科技（武汉）有限公司 | A kind of magnetic conductivity instrument for Magnetic Flux Leakage Inspecting |
| JP2021106227A (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2021-07-26 | Tdk株式会社 | Orientation detection device and orientation detection method for unmagnetized magnet |
| CN113608154A (en) * | 2021-08-12 | 2021-11-05 | 北京航空航天大学 | In-situ magnetic permeability detection probe, equipment and detection method |
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| CN113608154A (en) * | 2021-08-12 | 2021-11-05 | 北京航空航天大学 | In-situ magnetic permeability detection probe, equipment and detection method |
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Application publication date: 20150225 |