CN104370423B - Laboratory waste liquid treatment unit - Google Patents
Laboratory waste liquid treatment unit Download PDFInfo
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- CN104370423B CN104370423B CN201410688204.9A CN201410688204A CN104370423B CN 104370423 B CN104370423 B CN 104370423B CN 201410688204 A CN201410688204 A CN 201410688204A CN 104370423 B CN104370423 B CN 104370423B
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 181
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 130
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000010979 pH adjustment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(6+) Chemical compound [Cr+6] JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010814 metallic waste Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 11
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000005708 Sodium hypochlorite Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052979 sodium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium sulfide (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[S-2] GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 19
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 6
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000012716 precipitator Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920011532 unplasticized polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 5
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- -1 etc.) Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009388 chemical precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011001 backwashing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013043 chemical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008394 flocculating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010842 industrial wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000053 low toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010812 mixed waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001546 nitrifying effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002957 persistent organic pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NNFCIKHAZHQZJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium cyanide Chemical compound [K+].N#[C-] NNFCIKHAZHQZJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012085 test solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010888 waste organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/66—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by neutralisation; pH adjustment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/70—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by reduction
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/003—Wastewater from hospitals, laboratories and the like, heavily contaminated by pathogenic microorganisms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/06—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment pH
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/40—Liquid flow rate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
- C02F2301/08—Multistage treatments, e.g. repetition of the same process step under different conditions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及污染防治设备领域内的一种实验室废液处理装置，其包括多个废液分类储罐、氧化还原反应器、混合池、pH调节槽、微电解反应器、水解酸化反应器、DN曝气生物滤池、C/N曝气生物滤池、斜板沉淀池、污泥浓缩池、多个储药箱和厢式压滤机；该装置将收集的废酸液作为处理装置的药剂使用，以调节pH值；废液分类经过氧化还原反应器进行预处理，然后将其混合后采用物化及生化处理装置进一步去除水中污染物，达标后再进行排放；污泥采用脱水装置处理形成泥饼后按规定处置。该装置可对高浓度实验室废液进行处理，工程投资省，占地面积小，操作管理方便。可有效去除COD、氨氮、磷和重金属，平均去除率达99.5%以上。
The invention relates to a laboratory waste liquid treatment device in the field of pollution prevention equipment, which includes a plurality of waste liquid classification storage tanks, redox reactors, mixing pools, pH adjustment tanks, micro-electrolysis reactors, hydrolysis acidification reactors, DN biological aerated filter, C/N biological aerated filter, inclined plate sedimentation tank, sludge thickening tank, multiple drug storage tanks and chamber filter press; the device uses the collected waste acid as the treatment device Chemicals are used to adjust the pH value; the waste liquid is classified and pretreated by a redox reactor, and then mixed with a physicochemical and biochemical treatment device to further remove pollutants in the water, and then discharged after reaching the standard; the sludge is processed by a dehydration device to form Dispose of the mud cake according to regulations. The device can process high-concentration laboratory waste liquid, saves engineering investment, occupies a small area, and is convenient for operation and management. It can effectively remove COD, ammonia nitrogen, phosphorus and heavy metals, with an average removal rate of over 99.5%.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及一种污染防治装置，特别涉及一种处理实验室废液的装置。 The invention relates to a pollution prevention device, in particular to a device for treating laboratory waste liquid.
背景技术 Background technique
实验室废液主要来自各科研单位实验研究室和高等院校的科研和教学实验室。废液按污染程度可分为高浓度实验室废液和低浓度实验室废水。高浓度实验室废液主要成分为液态的失效试剂(废洗液、废氰化钾、废有机溶剂等)，液态的实验废弃产物或中间产物(如各种有机溶剂、离心液、液体副产物等)以及各种洗涤液(产物或中间产物的高浓度洗涤液、仪器或器皿的润洗液和高浓度的洗涤废水等)。低浓度实验室废水指实验过程中排放的浓度与毒性较低的实验用水，一般包括使用大量水对实验器皿和实验产物进行清洁的洗涤废水，毒性小、浓度低的废试液，以及用作冷却、加热用途的水。形成的实验室废液中，COD、氨氮、磷、汞和铬等含量较高。 The laboratory waste liquid mainly comes from the experimental laboratories of various scientific research units and the scientific research and teaching laboratories of colleges and universities. Waste liquid can be divided into high-concentration laboratory waste liquid and low-concentration laboratory waste water according to the degree of pollution. The main components of high-concentration laboratory waste liquid are liquid invalid reagents (waste washing liquid, waste potassium cyanide, waste organic solvents, etc.), liquid experimental waste products or intermediate products (such as various organic solvents, centrifuges, liquid by-products etc.) and various washing liquids (high-concentration washing liquid of products or intermediate products, rinsing liquid of instruments or utensils and high-concentration washing wastewater, etc.). Low-concentration laboratory wastewater refers to experimental water with low concentration and toxicity discharged during the experiment, generally including washing wastewater that uses a large amount of water to clean experimental vessels and experimental products, waste test solutions with low toxicity and low concentration, and used as Water for cooling and heating purposes. In the formed laboratory waste liquid, the contents of COD, ammonia nitrogen, phosphorus, mercury and chromium are relatively high.
实验室每年产生的废液总量虽然比较少，但是属于高毒性、组分复杂且难处理的环境污染物，中小型实验室废液产量少，产生时间不定，采用传统的工业废水处理工艺难以得到较为理想的处理效果。目前，实验室废液大部分都采用直接排放或集中稀释排放，严重污染了环境。近期报道的利用焚烧—催化氧化工艺新技术，是在温度可控的容器中先将这些污染物预分解，而后通过高效的催化反应器使之转化成为二氧化碳、水和相应的无机物，从而实现实验室废液的无害化处理。但此类处理技术存在处理费用高，燃烧尾气难以有效处理等问题。 Although the total amount of waste liquid produced by the laboratory is relatively small each year, it is a highly toxic, complex and difficult-to-treat environmental pollutant. Small and medium-sized laboratories have a small amount of waste liquid, and the generation time is uncertain. It is difficult to adopt traditional industrial wastewater treatment processes. Get a more ideal processing effect. At present, most of the laboratory waste is discharged directly or concentratedly diluted, which seriously pollutes the environment. The recently reported new technology of using incineration-catalytic oxidation process is to pre-decompose these pollutants in a temperature-controlled container, and then convert them into carbon dioxide, water and corresponding inorganic substances through a high-efficiency catalytic reactor, so as to realize Harmless treatment of laboratory waste liquid. However, this kind of treatment technology has problems such as high treatment cost and difficulty in effectively treating combustion exhaust.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
为克服现有技术的不足，本发明提供一种实验室废液处理装置，使其能高效去除废液中的污染物，以满足达标排放的要求。 In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a laboratory waste liquid treatment device, which can efficiently remove pollutants in the waste liquid to meet the requirements of standard discharge.
本发明的目的是这样实现的：一种实验室废液处理装置，包括多个废液分类储罐、氧化还原反应器、混合池、pH调节槽、微电解反应器、水解酸化反应器、DN曝气生物滤池、C/N曝气生物滤池、斜板沉淀池、污泥浓缩池、多个储药箱和厢式压滤机；所述废液分类储罐包括废酸液储罐、有机废液储罐、汞系废液储罐、六价铬废液储罐、重金属废液储罐和含氰废液储罐；所述储药箱包括氢氧化钙储药箱、氢氧化钠储药箱、聚丙烯酰胺储药箱、聚合氯化铝储药箱、硫酸亚铁储药箱、双氧水储药箱、酸液储药箱、次氯酸钠溶液储药箱和硫化钠储药箱；所述有机废液储罐、汞系废液储罐、六价铬废液储罐、重金属废液储罐、含氰废液储罐的出口分别经驳运泵连接至氧化还原反应器；废酸液储罐出口连接至酸液储药箱；各储药箱出口也分别经计量泵连接至氧化还原反应器的进口；氧化还原反应器底部的出口一路连接至混合池，另一路连接至污泥浓缩池；所述pH调节槽包括pH调节槽A和pH调节槽B；pH调节槽A与酸液储药箱的出口相连，pH调节槽B与氢氧化钠储药箱的出口相连；混合池的出口经污水泵连接至pH调节槽A的下部进口，pH调节槽A的上部出水口连接至微电解反应器的进口，微电解反应器的出口连接至pH调节槽B的底部进口，pH调节槽B的上部出水口连接至竖流式沉淀器的进口，竖流式沉淀器上部的出水口连接至斜板沉淀池的进口，斜板沉淀池的出水口连接至水解酸化反应器的进口；水解酸化反应器的出水口连接至DN曝气生物滤池的进口，DN曝气生物滤池的出水口连接至于C/N曝气生物滤池的进口，C/N曝气生物滤池的出口连接排放管道；所述竖流式沉淀器、斜板沉淀池和水解酸化反应器底部的污泥出口经阀连接至污泥浓缩池；所述污泥浓缩池顶部上清液出口连接到混合池，污泥浓缩池底部污泥出口经污泥泵连接到厢式压滤机，厢式压滤机的滤液出口连接到混合池；所述微电解反应器、DN曝气生物滤池和C/N曝气生物滤池中分别设有曝气管，所述曝气管与风机相连。 The purpose of the present invention is achieved in this way: a laboratory waste liquid treatment device, including a plurality of waste liquid classification storage tanks, redox reactors, mixing tanks, pH adjustment tanks, micro-electrolysis reactors, hydrolysis acidification reactors, DN Biological aerated filter, C/N biological aerated filter, inclined plate sedimentation tank, sludge thickening tank, multiple medicine storage tanks and chamber filter press; the waste liquid classification storage tank includes waste acid liquid storage tank , organic waste liquid storage tanks, mercury-based waste liquid storage tanks, hexavalent chromium waste liquid storage tanks, heavy metal waste liquid storage tanks and cyanide-containing waste liquid storage tanks; the storage tanks include calcium hydroxide storage tanks, hydroxide Sodium medicine storage box, polyacrylamide medicine storage box, polyaluminum chloride medicine storage box, ferrous sulfate medicine storage box, hydrogen peroxide medicine storage box, acid liquid medicine storage box, sodium hypochlorite solution medicine storage box and sodium sulfide medicine storage box; The outlets of the organic waste liquid storage tank, the mercury-based waste liquid storage tank, the hexavalent chromium waste liquid storage tank, the heavy metal waste liquid storage tank, and the cyanide-containing waste liquid storage tank are respectively connected to the redox reactor through a transfer pump; The outlet of the liquid storage tank is connected to the acid storage tank; the outlet of each storage tank is also connected to the inlet of the redox reactor through a metering pump; the outlet at the bottom of the redox reactor is connected to the mixing tank one way, and the other way is connected to the sludge Concentration tank; the pH adjustment tank includes a pH adjustment tank A and a pH adjustment tank B; the pH adjustment tank A is connected to the outlet of the acid liquid medicine storage tank, and the pH adjustment tank B is connected to the outlet of the sodium hydroxide medicine storage tank; the mixing tank The outlet of the pH adjustment tank A is connected to the lower inlet of the pH adjustment tank A through the sewage pump, the upper water outlet of the pH adjustment tank A is connected to the inlet of the micro-electrolysis reactor, and the outlet of the micro-electrolysis reactor is connected to the bottom inlet of the pH adjustment tank B, pH adjustment The upper water outlet of the tank B is connected to the inlet of the vertical flow precipitator, the upper water outlet of the vertical flow precipitator is connected to the inlet of the inclined plate sedimentation tank, and the water outlet of the inclined plate sedimentation tank is connected to the inlet of the hydrolysis acidification reactor; The outlet of the hydrolytic acidification reactor is connected to the inlet of the DN biological aerated filter, the outlet of the DN biological aerated filter is connected to the inlet of the C/N biological aerated filter, and the outlet of the C/N biological aerated filter Connect the discharge pipeline; the sludge outlet at the bottom of the vertical flow settler, inclined plate sedimentation tank and hydrolysis acidification reactor is connected to the sludge thickening tank through a valve; the supernatant outlet at the top of the sludge thickening tank is connected to the mixing tank , the sludge outlet at the bottom of the sludge thickening tank is connected to the chamber filter press through the sludge pump, and the filtrate outlet of the chamber filter press is connected to the mixing tank; the micro-electrolysis reactor, DN biological aerated filter and C/ Aeration pipes are respectively arranged in the N biological aerated filter, and the aeration pipes are connected with fans.
本发明与现有技术相比，具有如下优点： Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
（1）针对高浓度实验室废液处理，一般采用混合处理工艺，或采用焚烧处理工艺，难以达到环保要求。本发明采用同一反应器分类依次间隙预处理再混合进行物化生化处理工艺，能完全实现废液处理的达标排放，而且工程投资省，占地面积小，操作管理方便。 (1) For the treatment of high-concentration laboratory waste liquid, a mixed treatment process or an incineration treatment process is generally used, which is difficult to meet environmental protection requirements. The invention uses the same reactor to classify, sequentially pretreat and then mix to carry out the physical, chemical and biochemical treatment process, which can fully realize the standard discharge of waste liquid treatment, and has low engineering investment, small occupied area, and convenient operation and management.
（2）氧化还原反应器、混合池、水泵、物化处理装置、生化处理装置、加药装置、厢式压滤机、鼓风机、沉淀器排泥等均采用计算机程序控制，实现了反应条件和处理过程的精确控制，保证了处理后的废水水质指标达到排放标准，同时大大降低了操作过程的劳动强度。 (2) Redox reactors, mixing tanks, water pumps, physical and chemical treatment devices, biochemical treatment devices, dosing devices, chamber filter presses, blowers, and sediment discharge from sedimentation tanks are all controlled by computer programs, realizing reaction conditions and treatment The precise control of the process ensures that the water quality indicators of the treated wastewater meet the discharge standards, and at the same time greatly reduces the labor intensity of the operation process.
（3）装置采用模块化设计，具有较强的组合型、开放性和可扩展性。增加废液种类，只需增加存储装置和氧化还原反应器的处理程序，其它装置则无需改动。 (3) The device adopts modular design, which has strong combination, openness and scalability. To increase the types of waste liquid, it is only necessary to increase the treatment procedures of the storage device and the redox reactor, and other devices do not need to be changed.
（4）本发明处理高浓度实验室废液效果显著，COD、氨氮平均去除率达90%以上，总磷平均去除率达99%以上，汞和总铬等重金属的平均去除率达99.5%以上。本发明适用于高浓度实验室废液分类后的综合处理。 (4) The present invention has a remarkable effect on treating high-concentration laboratory waste liquid. The average removal rate of COD and ammonia nitrogen is over 90%, the average removal rate of total phosphorus is over 99%, and the average removal rate of heavy metals such as mercury and total chromium is over 99.5%. . The invention is suitable for comprehensive treatment of high-concentration laboratory waste liquid after classification.
为保证控制可靠、方便，所述氧化还原反应器上设有超声波液位控制仪、pH控制仪、ORP控制仪、变频搅拌电机、带有搅拌叶片的搅拌轴和转速传感器，变频搅拌电机的输出轴与搅拌轴传动连接。 In order to ensure reliable and convenient control, the redox reactor is equipped with an ultrasonic liquid level controller, a pH controller, an ORP controller, a frequency conversion stirring motor, a stirring shaft with stirring blades and a speed sensor, and the output of the frequency conversion stirring motor The shaft is connected with the stirring shaft through transmission.
为保证相应的生物滤池能够连续工作，所述DN曝气生物滤池和C/N曝气生物滤池上分别连接有反冲洗管道，DN曝气生物滤池和C/N曝气生物滤池的反冲洗水出口连接至污泥浓缩池。 In order to ensure that the corresponding biological filter can work continuously, the DN biological aerated filter and the C/N biological aerated filter are respectively connected with backwashing pipelines, and the DN biological aerated filter and the C/N biological aerated filter The backwash water outlet of the tank is connected to the sludge thickening tank.
作为本发明的进一步改进在于，所述C/N曝气生物滤池上部经回流泵连接至DN曝气生物滤池的进口。 As a further improvement of the present invention, the upper part of the C/N biological aerated filter is connected to the inlet of the DN biological aerated filter through a return pump.
本发明的进一步改进在于，所述水解酸化反应器上连接有自循环泵及相应的自循环管道。 A further improvement of the present invention is that a self-circulation pump and corresponding self-circulation pipelines are connected to the hydrolysis acidification reactor.
本发明优选之处在所述水解酸化反应器内装填的填料为半软性生物填料；DN曝气生物滤池、C/N曝气生物滤池内装填陶粒滤料，并分别设置溶解氧监测仪1套。 The preferred feature of the present invention is that the filler filled in the hydrolysis acidification reactor is a semi-soft biological filler; the DN biological aerated filter and the C/N biological aerated filter are filled with ceramsite filter material, and dissolved oxygen 1 set of monitors.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1为本发明的实验室废液处理工艺流程图。 Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the laboratory waste liquid treatment process of the present invention.
图2、图3为图1的局部放大图。 Figure 2 and Figure 3 are partial enlarged views of Figure 1 .
图中：1废酸液储罐；1P废酸液泵；2有机废液储罐；2P有机废液泵；3汞系废液储罐；3P汞系废液泵；4六价铬废液储罐；4P六价铬废液泵；5重金属废液储罐；5P重金属废液泵；6含氰废液储罐；6P含氰废液泵；7氧化还原反应器；8混合池；9污水泵；10pH调节槽A；11微电解反应器；12pH调节槽B；13竖流式沉淀器；14斜板沉淀池；15水解酸化反应器；15P自循环泵；16DN曝气生物滤池；17C/N曝气生物滤池；18污泥浓缩池；19螺杆泵；20厢式压滤机；21硫化钠储药箱；21P硫化钠计量泵；22氢氧化钙储药箱；22P氢氧化钙计量泵；23双氧水储药箱；23P双氧水计量泵；24氢氧化钠储药箱；24A、24B氢氧化钠计量泵；25酸液储药箱；25A、25B酸液计量泵；26次氯酸钠溶液储药箱；26P次氯酸钠溶液计量泵；27硫酸亚铁储药箱；27P硫酸亚铁计量泵；28聚合氯化铝储药箱；28A、28B聚合氯化铝计量泵；29聚丙烯酰胺储药箱；29A、29B聚丙烯酰胺计量泵；30A、30B风机。 In the figure: 1 waste acid liquid storage tank; 1P waste acid liquid pump; 2 organic waste liquid storage tank; 2P organic waste liquid pump; 3 mercury waste liquid storage tank; 3P mercury waste liquid pump; 4 hexavalent chromium waste liquid Storage tank; 4P hexavalent chromium waste liquid pump; 5 heavy metal waste liquid storage tank; 5P heavy metal waste liquid pump; 6 cyanide-containing waste liquid storage tank; 6P cyanide-containing waste liquid pump; 7 redox reactor; 8 mixing pool; 9 Sewage pump; 10pH adjustment tank A; 11 micro-electrolysis reactor; 12pH adjustment tank B; 13 vertical flow sedimentation device; 14 inclined plate sedimentation tank; 17C/N biological aerated filter; 18 sludge concentration tank; 19 screw pump; 20 chamber filter press; 21 sodium sulfide storage tank; 21P sodium sulfide metering pump; 22 calcium hydroxide storage tank; 22P hydroxide Calcium metering pump; 23 hydrogen peroxide storage tank; 23P hydrogen peroxide metering pump; 24 sodium hydroxide storage tank; 24A, 24B sodium hydroxide metering pump; 25 acid storage tank; Medicine storage box; 26P sodium hypochlorite solution metering pump; 27 ferrous sulfate medicine storage box; 27P ferrous sulfate metering pump; 28 polyaluminum chloride medicine storage box; 28A, 28B polyaluminum chloride metering pump; 29 polyacrylamide medicine storage Box; 29A, 29B polyacrylamide metering pump; 30A, 30B fan.
具体实施方式 detailed description
如图1-3所示，该装置包括废液分类储罐、氧化还原反应器7、混合池8、pH调节槽、微电解反应器11、水解酸化反应器15、DN曝气生物滤池16、C/N曝气生物滤池17、斜板沉淀池、污泥浓缩池18、多个储药箱和厢式压滤机20；废液分类储罐有多个，分别为废酸液储罐1、有机废液储罐2、汞系废液储罐3、六价铬废液储罐4、重金属废液储罐5和含氰废液储罐6；所述储药箱包括氢氧化钙储药箱22、氢氧化钠储药箱24、聚丙烯酰胺储药箱29、聚合氯化铝储药箱28、硫酸亚铁储药箱27、双氧水储药箱23、酸液储药箱25、次氯酸钠溶液储药箱26和硫化钠储药箱21；有机废液储罐2、汞系废液储罐3、六价铬废液储罐4、重金属废液储罐5、含氰废液储罐6的出口分别经驳运泵连接至氧化还原反应器7；废酸液储罐1出口连接至酸液储药箱25；各储药箱出口也分别经计量泵连接至氧化还原反应器7的进口；氧化还原反应器7底部的出口一路连接至混合池8，另一路连接至污泥浓缩池18；pH调节槽有两个，分别为pH调节槽A10和pH调节槽B12；pH调节槽A10与酸液储药箱25的出口相连，pH调节槽B12与氢氧化钠储药箱24的出口相连；混合池8的出口经污水泵9连接至pH调节槽A10的下部进口，pH调节槽A10的上部出水口连接至微电解反应器11的进口，微电解反应器11的出口连接至pH调节槽B12的底部进口，pH调节槽B12的上部出水口连接至竖流式沉淀器13的进口，竖流式沉淀器13上部的出水口连接至斜板沉淀池14的进口，斜板沉淀池14的出水口连接至水解酸化反应器15的进口；水解酸化反应器15的出水口连接至DN曝气生物滤池16的进口，DN曝气生物滤池16的出水口连接至于C/N曝气生物滤池17的进口，C/N曝气生物滤池17的出口连接排放管道；所述竖流式沉淀器13、斜板沉淀池14和水解酸化反应器15底部的污泥出口经阀连接至污泥浓缩池18；污泥浓缩池18顶部上清液出口连接到混合池8，污泥浓缩池18底部污泥出口经污泥泵连接到厢式压滤机20，厢式压滤机20的滤液出口连接到混合池8；微电解反应器11、DN曝气生物滤池16和C/N曝气生物滤池17中分别设有曝气管，曝气管与风机30A和30B分别相连。 As shown in Figure 1-3, the device includes a waste liquid classification storage tank, a redox reactor 7, a mixing tank 8, a pH adjustment tank, a micro-electrolysis reactor 11, a hydrolysis acidification reactor 15, and a DN biological aerated filter 16 , C/N biological aerated filter 17, inclined plate sedimentation tank, sludge thickening tank 18, multiple medicine storage boxes and box filter press 20; there are multiple waste liquid classification storage tanks, which are respectively waste acid liquid storage tanks Tank 1, organic waste liquid storage tank 2, mercury-based waste liquid storage tank 3, hexavalent chromium waste liquid storage tank 4, heavy metal waste liquid storage tank 5, and cyanide-containing waste liquid storage tank 6; Calcium storage box 22, sodium hydroxide storage box 24, polyacrylamide storage box 29, polyaluminum chloride storage box 28, ferrous sulfate storage box 27, hydrogen peroxide storage box 23, acid solution storage box 25. Sodium hypochlorite solution storage tank 26 and sodium sulfide storage tank 21; organic waste liquid storage tank 2, mercury waste liquid storage tank 3, hexavalent chromium waste liquid storage tank 4, heavy metal waste liquid storage tank 5, cyanide-containing waste The outlets of the liquid storage tank 6 are respectively connected to the oxidation-reduction reactor 7 via a transfer pump; the outlet of the waste acid storage tank 1 is connected to the acid storage tank 25; the outlets of each storage tank are also respectively connected to the oxidation-reduction reactor via a metering pump 7; the outlet at the bottom of the redox reactor 7 is connected to the mixing tank 8 one way, and the other way is connected to the sludge thickening tank 18; there are two pH adjustment tanks, namely pH adjustment tank A10 and pH adjustment tank B12; pH adjustment Groove A10 links to each other with the outlet of acid solution storage tank 25, and pH adjustment tank B12 links to each other with the outlet of sodium hydroxide storage tank 24; The outlet of mixing tank 8 is connected to the bottom inlet of pH adjustment tank A10 through sewage pump 9, pH adjustment The upper water outlet of tank A10 is connected to the inlet of micro-electrolysis reactor 11, and the outlet of micro-electrolysis reactor 11 is connected to the bottom inlet of pH adjustment tank B12, and the upper water outlet of pH adjustment tank B12 is connected to vertical flow type precipitator 13 Inlet, the water outlet on the top of the vertical flow precipitator 13 is connected to the inlet of the inclined plate sedimentation tank 14, and the water outlet of the inclined plate sedimentation tank 14 is connected to the inlet of the hydrolysis acidification reactor 15; the water outlet of the hydrolysis acidification reactor 15 is connected to The inlet of the DN biological aerated filter 16, the water outlet of the DN biological aerated filter 16 is connected to the inlet of the C/N biological aerated filter 17, and the outlet of the C/N biological aerated filter 17 is connected to the discharge pipeline; The sludge outlet at the bottom of the vertical flow precipitator 13, the inclined plate sedimentation tank 14 and the hydrolysis acidification reactor 15 is connected to the sludge thickening tank 18 through a valve; the supernatant liquid outlet at the top of the sludge thickening tank 18 is connected to the mixing tank 8, The sludge outlet at the bottom of the sludge thickening tank 18 is connected to the chamber filter press 20 through the sludge pump, and the filtrate outlet of the chamber filter press 20 is connected to the mixing tank 8; micro-electrolysis reactor 11, DN biological aerated filter 16 and C/N biological aerated filter tanks 17 are respectively provided with aeration pipes, and the aeration pipes are connected to fans 30A and 30B respectively.
氧化还原反应器7上设有超声波液位控制仪、pH控制仪、ORP控制仪、变频搅拌电机、带有搅拌叶片的搅拌轴和转速传感器，变频搅拌电机的输出轴与搅拌轴传动连接。DN曝气生物滤池16和C/N曝气生物滤池17上分别连接有反冲洗管道，DN曝气生物滤池16和C/N曝气生物滤池17的反冲洗水出口连接至污泥浓缩池18。C/N曝气生物滤池17上部经回流泵连接至DN曝气生物滤池16的进口。 The redox reactor 7 is equipped with an ultrasonic liquid level controller, a pH controller, an ORP controller, a frequency conversion stirring motor, a stirring shaft with stirring blades and a speed sensor, and the output shaft of the frequency conversion stirring motor is connected to the stirring shaft. The DN biological aerated filter 16 and the C/N biological aerated filter 17 are respectively connected with backwash pipelines, and the backwash water outlets of the DN biological aerated filter 16 and the C/N biological aerated filter 17 are connected to the sewage Mud thickening pool 18. The upper part of the C/N biological aerated filter 17 is connected to the inlet of the DN biological aerated filter 16 through a return pump.
水解酸化反应器15上连接有自循环泵15P及相应的自循环管道。水解酸化反应器15内装填的填料为半软性生物填料；DN曝气生物滤池16、C/N曝气生物滤池17内装填陶粒滤料，并分别设置溶解氧监测仪1套。 The hydrolytic acidification reactor 15 is connected with a self-circulation pump 15P and corresponding self-circulation pipelines. The filler filled in the hydrolytic acidification reactor 15 is a semi-soft biological filler; the DN biological aerated filter 16 and the C/N biological aerated filter 17 are filled with ceramsite filter material, and a set of dissolved oxygen monitors are installed respectively.
具体而言，上述有机废液储罐2采用UPVC管通过有机废液泵2P与氧化还原反应器7连接，含汞废液储罐3采用UPVC管通过含汞废液泵3P与氧化还原反应器7连接，六价铬废液储罐4采用UPVC管通过六价铬废液泵4P与氧化还原反应器7连接，重金属废液储罐5采用UPVC管通过重金属废液泵5P与氧化还原反应器7连接，含氰废液储罐6采用UPVC管通过含氰废液泵6P与氧化还原反应器7连接。各废液储罐均设有防腐超声波液位计，当计算机检测到废液储罐中的一个（如有机废液储罐2）液位达到设定值时，启动废液泵（如有机废液泵2P）将该废液储罐内的废液泵入氧化还原反应器7内，氧化还原反应器7设有防腐超声波液位计，当氧化还原反应器7内液位达到设定值，废液泵（如有机废液泵2P）停泵，并启动废液（如有机废液）处理程序进行在计算机程序控制下的自动处理过程。 Specifically, the above-mentioned organic waste liquid storage tank 2 uses UPVC pipes to connect with the redox reactor 7 through the organic waste liquid pump 2P, and the mercury-containing waste liquid storage tank 3 uses UPVC pipes to connect with the redox reactor 7 through the mercury-containing waste liquid pump 3P. 7 connection, hexavalent chromium waste liquid storage tank 4 uses UPVC pipe to connect with redox reactor 7 through hexavalent chromium waste liquid pump 4P, heavy metal waste liquid storage tank 5 adopts UPVC pipe to pass through heavy metal waste liquid pump 5P and redox reactor 7 is connected, and the cyanide-containing waste liquid storage tank 6 is connected with the oxidation-reduction reactor 7 through the cyanide-containing waste liquid pump 6P through a UPVC pipe. Each waste liquid storage tank is equipped with an anti-corrosion ultrasonic liquid level gauge. When the computer detects that the liquid level of one of the waste liquid storage tanks (such as organic waste liquid storage tank 2) reaches the set value, start the waste liquid pump (such as organic waste liquid storage tank 2). liquid pump 2P) pump the waste liquid in the waste liquid storage tank into the redox reactor 7, and the redox reactor 7 is equipped with an anti-corrosion ultrasonic liquid level gauge, when the liquid level in the redox reactor 7 reaches the set value, The waste liquid pump (such as organic waste liquid pump 2P) stops the pump, and starts the waste liquid (such as organic waste liquid) processing program for automatic processing under the control of the computer program.
废酸液储罐1采用UPVC管通过废酸液泵1P与酸液储药箱25连接，将废酸作为反应过程的药剂加以废物利用。废酸量不够时添加成品酸。 The waste acid liquid storage tank 1 is connected with the acid liquid medicine storage tank 25 through the waste acid liquid pump 1P by using UPVC pipe, and the waste acid is used as a chemical agent in the reaction process for waste utilization. Add finished acid when the amount of waste acid is not enough.
各种废液氧化还原分类预反应程序的设定是根据该类废液的特征污染物去除的成熟处理技术确定的，现按废液分类说明处理过程。 The setting of pre-reaction procedures for redox classification of various waste liquids is determined according to the mature treatment technology for the removal of characteristic pollutants of this type of waste liquid, and the treatment process is described according to the classification of waste liquids.
有机废液处理采用芬顿氧化法。有机废液泵2P将废液自有机废液储罐2泵至氧化还原反应器7内，当氧化还原反应器7内注满有机废液，启动废酸计量泵25A向氧化还原反应器7内加入酸液，同时启动搅拌机进行搅拌，搅拌机转速设为120转/分钟（转速可根据实际情况设定计算机参数通过变频电机调整），氧化还原反应器7所属pH仪将信号传至计算机，当pH值为4时，酸液计量泵25A停止，启动硫酸亚铁计量泵27P，加入硫酸亚铁，达到加入量后，停止硫酸亚铁计量泵27P，启动双氧水计量泵23P加入双氧水溶液，达到加入量后，停止双氧水计量泵23P，搅拌机转速设为80转/分钟，反应1.5小时后，搅拌机停止，打开氧化还原反应器7底部排水阀，排水至混合池，排空后关闭排水阀。等待下一类废液处理程序的执行指令。 Organic waste liquid treatment adopts Fenton oxidation method. The organic waste liquid pump 2P pumps the waste liquid from the organic waste liquid storage tank 2 to the redox reactor 7, when the redox reactor 7 is filled with organic waste liquid, start the waste acid metering pump 25A to pump the waste acid into the redox reactor 7 Add the acid solution and start the mixer for stirring at the same time. The mixer speed is set to 120 rpm (the speed can be adjusted according to the actual situation by setting the computer parameters and adjusting the frequency conversion motor). The pH meter belonging to the redox reactor 7 transmits the signal to the computer. When the pH When the value is 4, the acid liquid metering pump 25A stops, starts the ferrous sulfate metering pump 27P, adds ferrous sulfate, and after reaching the added amount, stops the ferrous sulfate metering pump 27P, starts the hydrogen peroxide metering pump 23P and adds hydrogen peroxide solution, reaches the added amount Finally, stop the hydrogen peroxide metering pump 23P, set the mixer speed to 80 rpm, and after 1.5 hours of reaction, stop the mixer, open the drain valve at the bottom of the redox reactor 7, drain to the mixing tank, and close the drain valve after emptying. Waiting for the execution instruction of the next type of waste liquid treatment program.
含汞废液处理采用化学沉淀法。含汞废液泵3P将废液自含汞废液储罐3泵至氧化还原反应器7内，当氧化还原反应器7内注满含汞废液，启动硫化钠计量泵21P向氧化还原反应器7内加入硫化钠溶液，同时启动搅拌机进行搅拌，搅拌机转速设为120转/分钟，达到加入量后，硫化钠计量泵21P停止，启动硫酸亚铁计量泵27P，加入硫酸亚铁，达到加入量后，停止硫酸亚铁计量泵27P，搅拌机转速设为80转/分钟，反应0.5小时后，搅拌机停止，静置沉淀0.5小时，打开氧化还原反应器7底部排泥阀，排泥至污泥池，排至设定水位后关闭排泥阀。打开氧化还原反应器7底部排水阀，排水至混合池，排空后关闭排水阀。等待下一类废液处理程序的执行指令。 The mercury-containing waste liquid is treated by chemical precipitation. The mercury-containing waste liquid pump 3P pumps the waste liquid from the mercury-containing waste liquid storage tank 3 to the redox reactor 7. When the redox reactor 7 is filled with mercury-containing waste liquid, start the sodium sulfide metering pump 21P to feed the redox reaction Sodium sulfide solution is added in the device 7, and the stirrer is started to stir at the same time. The stirrer rotating speed is set at 120 revs/min. After measuring, stop the ferrous sulfate metering pump 27P, and the mixer speed is set to 80 rpm. After 0.5 hours of reaction, the mixer is stopped, left to settle for 0.5 hours, and the sludge discharge valve at the bottom of the redox reactor 7 is opened, and the sludge is discharged to the sludge pool, close the mud discharge valve after draining to the set water level. Open the drain valve at the bottom of the redox reactor 7, drain to the mixing tank, and close the drain valve after emptying. Waiting for the execution instruction of the next type of waste liquid treatment program.
重金属废液处理采用化学沉淀法。重金属废液泵5P将废液自重金属废液储罐5泵至氧化还原反应器7内，当氧化还原反应器7内注满重金属废液，启动氢氧化钙计量泵22P向氧化还原反应器7内加入氢氧化钙溶液，同时启动搅拌机进行搅拌，搅拌机转速设为120转/分钟，氧化还原反应器7所属pH仪将信号传至计算机，当pH值为8时，氢氧化钙计量泵22P停止，启动聚合氯化铝计量泵28A，加入聚合氯化铝，达到加入量后，停止聚合氯化铝计量泵28A，搅拌机转速设为80转/分钟，反应0.5小时后，搅拌机停止，静置沉淀0.5小时，打开氧化还原反应器7底部排泥阀，排泥至污泥池，排至设定水位后关闭排泥阀。打开氧化还原反应器7底部排水阀，排水至混合池，排空后关闭排水阀。等待下一类废液处理程序的执行指令。 Heavy metal waste liquid treatment adopts chemical precipitation method. The heavy metal waste liquid pump 5P pumps the waste liquid from the heavy metal waste liquid storage tank 5 to the redox reactor 7. When the redox reactor 7 is filled with heavy metal waste liquid, the calcium hydroxide metering pump 22P is started to pump the waste liquid to the redox reactor 7. Add calcium hydroxide solution inside, start the mixer to stir at the same time, the mixer speed is set to 120 rpm, the pH meter belonging to the redox reactor 7 sends the signal to the computer, when the pH value is 8, the calcium hydroxide metering pump 22P stops , start the polyaluminum chloride metering pump 28A, add polyaluminum chloride, after reaching the added amount, stop the polyaluminum chloride metering pump 28A, set the mixer speed to 80 rpm, and react for 0.5 hours, stop the mixer, and let it stand for precipitation After 0.5 hours, open the sludge discharge valve at the bottom of the redox reactor 7, discharge the sludge to the sludge tank, and close the sludge discharge valve after discharging to the set water level. Open the drain valve at the bottom of the redox reactor 7, drain to the mixing tank, and close the drain valve after emptying. Waiting for the execution instruction of the next type of waste liquid treatment program.
六价铬废液处理采用还原沉淀法。六价铬废液泵4P将废液自六价铬废液储罐4泵至氧化还原反应器7内，当氧化还原反应器7内注满六价铬废液至设定水位后六价铬废液泵4P关闭，启动硫酸亚铁计量泵27P向氧化还原反应器7内加入硫酸亚铁溶液，同时启动搅拌机进行搅拌，搅拌机转速设为120转/分钟，达到加入量后，停止硫酸亚铁计量泵27P，启动氢氧化钙计量泵22P，加入氢氧化钙，达到加入量后，停止氢氧化钙计量泵22P，搅拌机转速设为80转/分钟，反应0.5小时后，搅拌机停止，静置沉淀0.5小时，打开氧化还原反应器7底部排泥阀，排泥至污泥池，排至设定水位后关闭排泥阀。打开氧化还原反应器7底部排水阀，排水至混合池，排空后关闭排水阀。等待下一类废液处理程序的执行指令。 Hexavalent chromium waste liquid treatment adopts reduction precipitation method. The hexavalent chromium waste liquid pump 4P pumps the waste liquid from the hexavalent chromium waste liquid storage tank 4 to the redox reactor 7, when the redox reactor 7 is filled with the hexavalent chromium waste liquid to the set water level, the hexavalent chromium The waste liquid pump 4P is closed, and the ferrous sulfate metering pump 27P is started to add the ferrous sulfate solution into the redox reactor 7. At the same time, the mixer is started to stir, and the mixer speed is set to 120 rpm. After reaching the amount added, the ferrous sulfate solution is stopped. Metering pump 27P, start the calcium hydroxide metering pump 22P, add calcium hydroxide, stop the calcium hydroxide metering pump 22P after reaching the added amount, set the speed of the mixer to 80 rpm, after 0.5 hours of reaction, stop the mixer, let it stand for precipitation After 0.5 hours, open the sludge discharge valve at the bottom of the redox reactor 7, discharge the sludge to the sludge tank, and close the sludge discharge valve after discharging to the set water level. Open the drain valve at the bottom of the redox reactor 7, drain to the mixing tank, and close the drain valve after emptying. Waiting for the execution instruction of the next type of waste liquid treatment program.
含氰废液处理采用化学氧化法。含氰废液泵6P将废液自含氰废液储罐6泵至氧化还原反应器7内，当氧化还原反应器7内注满含氰废液至设定水位后含氰废液泵6P关闭，启动氢氧化钠计量泵24A向氧化还原反应器7内加入氢氧化钠溶液，同时启动搅拌机进行搅拌，搅拌机转速设为120转/分钟，氧化还原反应器7所属pH仪示值为11时，氢氧化钠计量泵24A停止，启动计量泵26P加入次氯酸钠溶液，氧化还原反应器7所属ORP仪示值为300mV时，停止次氯酸钠计量泵26P，搅拌机转速设为80转/分钟，反应0.5小时后，启动计量泵24A向氧化还原反应器7内加入氢氧化钠溶液，同时搅拌机转速设为120转/分钟，氧化还原反应器7所属pH仪示值为9时，氢氧化钠计量泵24A停止，启动计量泵26P加入次氯酸钠溶液，氧化还原反应器7所属ORP仪示值为650mV时，停止次氯酸钠计量泵26P，搅拌机转速设为80转/分钟，反应0.5小时后，搅拌机停止，打开氧化还原反应器7底部排水阀，排水至混合池，排空后关闭排水阀。等待下一类废液处理程序的执行指令。 The cyanide-containing waste liquid is treated by chemical oxidation. The cyanide-containing waste liquid pump 6P pumps the waste liquid from the cyanide-containing waste liquid storage tank 6 to the redox reactor 7. When the redox reactor 7 is filled with the cyanide-containing waste liquid to the set water level, the cyanide-containing waste liquid pump 6P Close, start the sodium hydroxide metering pump 24A to add sodium hydroxide solution into the redox reactor 7, start the mixer at the same time to stir, the mixer speed is set to 120 rpm, and the pH meter of the redox reactor 7 shows a value of 11 , the sodium hydroxide metering pump 24A stops, starts the metering pump 26P and adds the sodium hypochlorite solution, and when the ORP instrument of the oxidation-reduction reactor 7 shows a value of 300mV, stops the sodium hypochlorite metering pump 26P, and the mixer speed is set to 80 rev/min, and after 0.5 hours of reaction , Start the metering pump 24A to add sodium hydroxide solution in the redox reactor 7, while the stirrer rotating speed is set to 120 rpm, when the pH meter indication value of the redox reactor 7 is 9, the sodium hydroxide metering pump 24A stops, Start the metering pump 26P to add sodium hypochlorite solution, when the ORP meter of the oxidation-reduction reactor 7 shows 650mV, stop the sodium hypochlorite metering pump 26P, set the speed of the mixer to 80 rpm, and after 0.5 hours of reaction, stop the mixer and open the redox reactor 7 Bottom drain valve, drain to the mixing tank, close the drain valve after emptying. Waiting for the execution instruction of the next type of waste liquid treatment program.
分类预处理后的废液均进入混合池8，实现均匀水质。混合池8内的废液由污水泵9泵入pH调节槽A，由计量泵25B加入酸液，在连续搅拌条件下，在pH调节槽A内实现废液的pH调节，pH调节槽A的pH仪控制计量泵25B将pH值调至4。pH调节槽A出水自流进入微电解反应器11进行微电解反应，电解反应器11出水自流进入pH调节槽B，由计量泵24B加入氢氧化钠溶液，在连续搅拌条件下，在pH调节槽B内实现废液的pH调节，pH调节槽B的pH仪控制计量泵24B将pH值调至8。pH调节槽B出水自流进入竖流式沉淀器13，进行初步固液分离，出水自流进入斜板沉淀池14内的混凝槽，同时由计量泵28B和29B分别加入聚合氯化铝和聚丙烯酰胺高分子絮凝剂，在空气缓慢搅拌下，各种悬浮颗粒相互架桥形成更大更重絮体，混凝槽底部出水自流到斜板沉淀池14的沉降区，絮体与水分离，上清液自流入水解酸化反应器15，在大量水解细菌、酸化菌作用下将不溶性有机物水解为溶解性有机物，将难生物降解的大分子有机物转化为易生物降解的小分子有机物，改善废水的可生化性。水解酸化反应器15出水自流进入DN曝气生物滤池16，去除有机污染物，上清液自流进入C/N曝气生物滤池17进行硝化反应，主要对污水中的氨氮进行硝化，出水通过回流泵17P一部分回流至曝气生物滤池16进行反硝化脱氮。最终将出水达标排放。氧化还原反应器7、竖流式沉淀器13﹑斜板沉淀池14底部锥斗内污泥定时自动排入污泥浓缩池18。曝气生物滤池16和曝气生物滤池17反洗出水自流排入污泥浓缩池18。污泥浓缩池18内的污泥浓缩后，经螺杆泵19打入厢式压滤机20脱水，泥饼外运。污泥浓缩池上清液回到混合池8。 The waste liquid after classification and pretreatment all enters the mixing tank 8 to realize uniform water quality. The waste liquid in the mixing tank 8 is pumped into the pH adjustment tank A by the sewage pump 9, and the acid solution is added by the metering pump 25B. Under the condition of continuous stirring, the pH adjustment of the waste liquid is realized in the pH adjustment tank A. The pH meter controls the metering pump 25B to adjust the pH value to 4. The water from the pH adjustment tank A flows into the micro-electrolysis reactor 11 to carry out the micro-electrolysis reaction, and the water from the electrolysis reactor 11 flows into the pH adjustment tank B by itself, and the sodium hydroxide solution is added by the metering pump 24B. The pH adjustment of the waste liquid is realized inside, and the pH meter in the pH adjustment tank B controls the metering pump 24B to adjust the pH value to 8. The effluent from the pH adjustment tank B flows into the vertical flow precipitator 13 for preliminary solid-liquid separation, and the effluent flows into the coagulation tank in the inclined plate sedimentation tank 14 by itself, and at the same time, the metering pumps 28B and 29B respectively add polyaluminum chloride and polypropylene Amide polymer flocculant, under the slow stirring of the air, various suspended particles bridge each other to form larger and heavier flocs, the water from the bottom of the coagulation tank flows to the settling area of the inclined plate sedimentation tank 14, the flocs are separated from the water, and the upper The clear liquid flows into the hydrolysis and acidification reactor 15, under the action of a large number of hydrolytic bacteria and acidification bacteria, the insoluble organic matter is hydrolyzed into soluble organic matter, and the macromolecular organic matter that is difficult to biodegrade is converted into a small molecular organic matter that is easy to biodegrade, thereby improving the waste water. biochemical. The effluent from the hydrolysis acidification reactor 15 flows into the DN biological aerated filter 16 to remove organic pollutants, and the supernatant flows into the C/N biological aerated filter 17 for nitrification, mainly to nitrify the ammonia nitrogen in the sewage, and the effluent passes through Part of the return pump 17P returns to the biological aerated filter 16 for denitrification and denitrification. Finally, the effluent will be discharged up to the standard. The redox reactor 7, the vertical flow precipitator 13, and the sludge in the cone bucket at the bottom of the inclined plate sedimentation tank 14 are automatically discharged into the sludge thickening tank 18 at regular intervals. The backwash water from the biological aerated filter 16 and the biological aerated filter 17 is discharged into the sludge thickening tank 18 by gravity. After the sludge in the sludge thickening tank 18 is thickened, it is pumped into the chamber filter press 20 through the screw pump 19 for dehydration, and the mud cake is transported outside. The supernatant from the sludge thickening tank returns to the mixing tank 8.
图中，氢氧化钠计量泵24A和24B；酸液计量泵25A和25B；聚合氯化铝计量泵28A和28B；聚丙烯酰胺计量泵29A和29B各设有两台，可分别向外供液，也可互为备用。 In the figure, sodium hydroxide metering pumps 24A and 24B; acid liquid metering pumps 25A and 25B; polyaluminum chloride metering pumps 28A and 28B; , can also serve as backups for each other.
本发明以表1所示的水质为例，进行具体描述。 The present invention is specifically described by taking the water quality shown in Table 1 as an example.
表1废液主要水质指标 Table 1 Main water quality indicators of waste liquid
废液处理量根据收集量确定。表1为处理高峰期的处理量，含氰废液处理量每次1.0m3，每2周处理1次；重金属废液处理量每次1.0m3，每2天处理1次；有机废液处理量每次1.0m3，每天处理1次；含汞废液处理量每次1.0m3，每2周处理1次；含铬废液处理量每次1.0m3，每2周处理1次。废液分类预处理程序及参数设置如六（具体实施方式）所述。 The amount of waste liquid to be treated is determined according to the amount collected. Table 1 shows the treatment capacity during the peak treatment period. The treatment capacity of cyanide-containing waste liquid is 1.0m 3 each time, once every 2 weeks; the treatment amount of heavy metal waste liquid is 1.0m 3 each time, once every 2 days; organic waste liquid The treatment capacity is 1.0m 3 each time, once a day; the mercury-containing waste liquid is 1.0m 3 each time, once every 2 weeks; the chromium-containing waste liquid is 1.0m 3 each time, once every 2 weeks . Waste liquid classification pretreatment procedures and parameter settings are as described in VI (specific implementation).
预处理后的混合废液处理量1.0m3/h，按图1所示流程进行处理。微电解反应器11进水pH值调至4.0，出水pH值调至8.0，斜板沉淀池14进水端混凝区投加聚合氯化铝和聚丙烯酰胺高分子絮凝剂，投加量分别为200-260mg/L和2.5mg/L。竖流式沉淀池13每2小时自动排泥一次，斜板沉淀池14每4小时自动排泥一次。水解酸化反应器水力停留时间4h，DN曝气生物滤池16和C/N曝气生物滤池17水力负荷分别为3.56m3/（m2·h）和3.32m3/（m2·h），硝化液回流比120%，曝气生物滤池16、17每12小时反洗一次。污泥脱水螺杆泵19工作压力控制在0.6MPa，厢式压滤机20工作周期为6小时。设备连续稳定运行，处理结果见表2及表3。表2为装置处理出水水质，表3各项污染物平均去除率。 The treatment capacity of the pretreated mixed waste liquid is 1.0m 3 /h, and the treatment is carried out according to the process shown in Figure 1. The pH value of the inlet water of the micro-electrolysis reactor 11 is adjusted to 4.0, and the pH value of the outlet water is adjusted to 8.0. Polyaluminum chloride and polyacrylamide polymer flocculants are added to the coagulation zone at the inlet end of the inclined plate sedimentation tank 14, and the dosages are respectively 200-260mg/L and 2.5mg/L. The vertical flow sedimentation tank 13 automatically discharges mud once every 2 hours, and the inclined plate sedimentation tank 14 automatically discharges mud once every 4 hours. The hydraulic retention time of the hydrolytic acidification reactor is 4 hours, and the hydraulic loads of DN biological aerated filter 16 and C/N biological aerated filter 17 are 3.56m 3 /(m 2 ·h) and 3.32m 3 /(m 2 ·h ), the reflux ratio of nitrifying liquid is 120%, and the biological aerated filter 16 and 17 are backwashed every 12 hours. The working pressure of the sludge dewatering screw pump 19 is controlled at 0.6 MPa, and the working cycle of the chamber filter press 20 is 6 hours. The equipment runs continuously and stably, and the processing results are shown in Table 2 and Table 3. Table 2 shows the quality of effluent treated by the device, and Table 3 shows the average removal rate of each pollutant.
表2综合废液水质情况 Table 2 Comprehensive waste water quality
表3各项污染物平均去除率 Table 3 The average removal rate of each pollutant
注：表3中COD、SS按加权平均值计算去除率。 Note: In Table 3, the removal rate of COD and SS is calculated according to the weighted average.
根据表2和表3，采用分类氧化还原预处理+微电解反应+混凝沉淀+生化组合工艺处理高浓度实验室废液，COD、氨氮去除率达90%以上，铅、锌、铜、总铬、氰和汞的去除率均达99.5%以上，总磷的去除率达99%以上，出水优于《污水排入城镇下水道水质标准》（CJ343-2010）。 According to Table 2 and Table 3, using classified redox pretreatment + micro-electrolysis reaction + coagulation precipitation + biochemical combination process to treat high-concentration laboratory waste liquid, the removal rate of COD and ammonia nitrogen can reach more than 90%, and the removal rate of lead, zinc, copper, and total The removal rate of chromium, cyanide and mercury is over 99.5%, and the removal rate of total phosphorus is over 99%.
本发明并不局限于上述实施例，在本发明公开的技术方案的基础上，本领域的技术人员根据所公开的技术内容，不需要创造性的劳动就可以对其中的一些技术特征作出一些替换和变形，这些替换和变形均在本发明的保护范围内。 The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. On the basis of the technical solutions disclosed in the present invention, those skilled in the art can make some replacements and modifications to some of the technical features according to the disclosed technical content without creative work. Deformation, these replacements and deformations are all within the protection scope of the present invention.
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